dr abdul qadeer khan essay in urdu for class 4

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Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan Essay in Urdu | ڈاکٹر عبدالقدیر خان کا اردو میں مضمون

Pakistan’s nuclear program would not have been possible without the dedication and hard work of Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan. Dr Khan is often referred to as the ‘father of the Pakistani bomb’.

Born in 1936 in Bhopal, India, Dr Khan moved to Pakistan in 1952. He studied metallurgy at the Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands, before returning to Pakistan in 1976 to work on the country’s nuclear program.

Today, we will write an essay on Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan in Urdu for classes 5, 6 and others. We will use simple and easy to understand words to make it easy to read

initial life and career of abdul qadeer khan

Under Dr Khan’s leadership, Pakistan successfully developed its first nuclear weapon in 1998. Since then, he has been hailed as a national hero and was even given a lifetime achievement award by the Pakistani government in 1999. However, Dr Khan has also been embroiled in controversy.

In 2004, he was accused of selling nuclear secrets to Iran, Libya and North Korea. He was placed under house arrest in 2006 but was later freed in 2009.

Despite the controversy, there is no doubt that Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan is a key figure in Pakistan’s history, and has played a vital role in the country’s nuclear program.

Pakistani Nuclear Physicist and Metallurgical Engineer

Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan is a Pakistani nuclear physicist and metallurgical engineer who is known for developing Pakistan’s nuclear program. He has also published several books on metallurgy and has served as an advisor to the Pakistani government on nuclear matters.

ڈاکٹر عبدالقدیر خان ایک پاکستانی جوہری طبیعیات دان اور میٹالرجیکل انجینئر ہیں جو پاکستان کے جوہری پروگرام کو ترقی دینے کے لیے جانے جاتے ہیں۔ انہوں نے دھات کاری پر متعدد کتابیں بھی شائع کی ہیں اور جوہری معاملات پر پاکستانی حکومت کے مشیر کے طور پر کام کیا ہے۔

Achievements and Accomplishments of Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan

Khan is a pioneer in the field of nuclear physics and has been awarded the Nishan-e-Imtiaz, the highest civilian award in Pakistan. He was also named one of Time magazine’s 100 most influential people in the world.

خان نیوکلیئر فزکس کے شعبے کے علمبردار ہیں اور انہیں پاکستان کے اعلیٰ ترین سول ایوارڈ ہلال امتیاز سے نوازا گیا ہے۔ انہیں ٹائم میگزین کی دنیا کے 100 بااثر ترین افراد میں بھی شامل کیا گیا تھا۔

Author of Over 270 Research Papers and Twice Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize

Khan has authored over 270 research papers and has been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize twice.

خان نے 270 سے زیادہ تحقیقی مقالے لکھے ہیں اور انہیں دو مرتبہ نوبل امن انعام کے لیے نامزد کیا گیا ہے۔

An Influential Voice in Pakistani Politics

He is a highly influential voice in Pakistani politics and is known for his strong support of Pakistan’s nuclear program and his criticism of the United States.

Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan History in Urdu in 100 words

ڈاکٹر عبدالقدیر خان پاکستان سے تعلق رکھنے والے ایک سائنسدان تھے جو اپنے ملک کو جوہری ہتھیار بنانے میں مدد کرنے کے لیے جانے جاتے ہیں۔ وہ ہندوستان میں پیدا ہوئے لیکن بعد میں پاکستان چلے گئے۔ خان نے جرمنی میں تعلیم حاصل کی اور جوہری طبیعیات اور دھات کاری کے بارے میں سیکھا۔ انہوں نے پاکستان اٹامک انرجی کمیشن کے لیے کام کیا اور پاکستان کے جوہری پروگرام کی تعمیر میں مدد کی۔ ان کے کام نے انہیں پاکستان میں ہیرو بنا دیا، لیکن اس سے کچھ مسائل بھی پیدا ہوئے کیونکہ ان پر دوسرے ممالک کے ساتھ جوہری ٹیکنالوجی شیئر کرنے کا الزام تھا۔ خان کو گرفتار کر لیا گیا اور بعد میں رہا کر دیا گیا، لیکن وہ اب بھی ایک معروف اور بعض اوقات متنازعہ شخصیت ہیں۔

Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan was a scientist from Pakistan who helped build the country’s nuclear weapons program. He was born in India and later moved to Pakistan, where he studied in Germany and learned about nuclear physics and metallurgy. Khan worked for the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission and helped create Pakistan’s nuclear program, which made him a hero in the country. However, he was later accused of sharing nuclear technology with other countries, which caused some problems. Khan was arrested but later released. He is still well-known and sometimes controversial.

In conclusion, Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan is a world-renowned Pakistani nuclear physicist who is responsible for making Pakistan’s nuclear program possible. He is also a recipient of the Nishan-e-Imtiaz, the highest civilian award given by the Government of Pakistan. If you found this histort and essay on Dr Abdul Qadeer khan in Urdu informative, please like and comment.

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Atomic Heritage Foundation - A. Q. Khan
NPR - Abdul Qadeer Khan, known as the father of Pakistan's nuclear bomb, has died at 85
Famous Scientists - Abdul Qadeer Khan
Nature - Abdul Qadeer Khan (1936–2021)
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace - A. Q. Khan Nuclear Chronology
GlobalSecurity.org - A. Q. Khan

Abdul Qadeer Khan (born April 1, 1936, Bhopal , India—died October 10, 2021, Islamabad, Pakistan) was a Pakistani engineer, a key figure in Pakistan’s nuclear weapons program who was also involved for decades in a black market of nuclear technology and know-how whereby uranium -enrichment centrifuges, nuclear warhead designs, missiles, and expertise were sold or traded to Iran, North Korea, Libya, and possibly other countries.

In 1947, during Khan’s childhood, India achieved independence from Britain, and Muslim areas in the east and west were partitioned to form the state of Pakistan . Khan immigrated to West Pakistan in 1952, and in 1960 he graduated from the University of Karachi with a degree in metallurgy . Over the next decade he pursued graduate studies abroad, first in West Berlin and then in Delft , Netherlands , where in 1967 he received a master’s degree in metallurgy. In 1972 he earned a doctorate in metallurgical engineering from the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium. Meanwhile, in 1964 he married Hendrina Reterink, a British national who had been born to Dutch expatriate parents in South Africa and raised in what was then Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) before moving to the Netherlands.

In the spring of 1972 Khan was hired by Physical Dynamics Research Laboratory, a subcontractor of the Dutch partner of URENCO . URENCO, a consortium of British, German, and Dutch companies, was established in 1971 to research and develop uranium enrichment through the use of ultracentrifuges, which are centrifuges that operate at extremely high speeds. Khan was granted a low-level security clearance, but, through lax oversight, he gained access to a full range of information on ultracentrifuge technology and visited the Dutch plant at Almelo many times. One of his jobs was to translate German documents on advanced centrifuges into Dutch.

Khan was heavily influenced by events back home, notably Pakistan’s humiliating defeat in a brief war with India in 1971, the subsequent loss of East Pakistan through the creation of a new independent country, Bangladesh , and India’s test of a nuclear explosive device in May 1974. On September 17, 1974, Khan wrote to Pakistan’s prime minister , Zulfikar Ali Bhutto , offering his assistance in preparing an atomic bomb . In the letter he offered the opinion that the uranium route to the bomb , using centrifuges for enrichment, was better than the plutonium path (already under way in Pakistan), which relied on nuclear reactors and reprocessing.

Bhutto met Khan in December 1974 and encouraged him to do everything he could to help Pakistan attain the bomb. Over the next year Khan stole drawings of centrifuges and assembled a list of mainly European suppliers where parts could be procured . On December 15, 1975, he left the Netherlands for Pakistan, accompanied by his wife and two daughters and carrying his blueprint copies and suppliers list.

Khan initially worked with the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), but differences arose with its head, Munir Ahmad Khan. In mid-1976, at Bhutto’s direction, Khan founded the Engineering Research Laboratory, or ERL, for the purpose of developing a uranium-enrichment capability. (In May 1981 the laboratory was renamed the Khan Research Laboratory, or KRL.) Khan’s base of operations was in Kahuta, 50 km (30 miles) southeast of Islamabad ; there Khan developed prototype centrifuges based on German designs and used his suppliers list to import essential components from Swiss, Dutch, British, and German companies, among others.

In the early 1980s Pakistan acquired from China the blueprints of a nuclear weapon that used a uranium implosion design that the Chinese had successfully tested in 1966. It is generally believed that the Chinese tested a derivative design for the Pakistanis on May 26, 1990. Khan, having satisfied Pakistan’s needs for its own uranium weapon , began in the mid-1980s to create front companies in Dubayy , Malaysia , and elsewhere, and through these entities he covertly sold or traded centrifuges, components, designs, and expertise in an extensive black-market network. The customers included Iran , which went on to build a uranium-enrichment complex based on the Pakistani model. Khan visited North Korea at least 13 times and is suspected of having transferred enrichment technology to that country. (His laboratory also developed Pakistan’s Ghauri ballistic missile with help from the North Koreans.) Libya , supplied by Khan, embarked upon a nuclear weapons program until it was interrupted by the United States in 2003.

On January 31, 2004, Khan was arrested for transferring nuclear technology to other countries. On February 4 he read a statement on Pakistani television taking full responsibility for his operations and absolving the military and government of any involvement—a claim that many nuclear experts found difficult to believe. The next day he was pardoned by Pakistan’s president, Pervez Musharraf , but he was held under house arrest until 2009. Khan’s critics, particularly in the West, expressed dismay at such lenient treatment of a man whom one observer called “the greatest nuclear proliferator of all time.” For many Pakistanis, however, Khan remains a symbol of pride, a hero whose contribution strengthened Pakistan’s national security against India.

Famous Scientists

Abdul Qadeer Khan

Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan is a famous Pakistani nuclear scientist and a metallurgical engineer. He is widely regarded as the founder of gas-centrifuge enrichment technology for Pakistan’s nuclear deterrent program. Pakistan’s nuclear weapons program is a source of extreme national pride. As its “father”, A.Q. Khan, who headed Pakistan’s nuclear program for some 25 years, is considered a national hero.

Early life and Career:

Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan was born in 1936 in Bhopal, India. He immigrated with his family to Pakistan in 1947. After studying at St. Anthony’s High School, Khan joined the D. J. Science College of Karachi, where he took physics and mathematics. His teacher at the college was famous solar physicist Dr. Bashir Syed. Khan earned a B.Sc. degree in physical metallurgy at the University of Karachi in 1960.

Khan accepted a job as an inspector of weight and measures in Karachi after graduation. He later resigned and went to work in Netherlands in the 1970’s. Khan gained fame as a talented scientist at the nuclear plant he worked in. He had special access to the most restricted areas of the URENCO facility. He could also read the secret documentation on the gas centrifuge technology.

In December, 1974, he came back to Pakistan and tried to convince the Prime Minister, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, to adopt his Uranium route rather than Plutonium route in building nuclear weapons. According to media reports, A.Q. Khan had a close and cordial relationship with President General Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq and the Military of Pakistan. He also maintained a close relationship with the Pakistan Air Force.

After his role in Pakistan’s nuclear program, Khan re-organized the Pakistani’s national space agency, SUPARCO. In the late of 1990s, Khan played an important role in Pakistan’s space program, particularly the Pakistan’s first Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) project and the Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV). Khan’s unrestricted publicity of Pakistan’s nuclear weapons and ballistic missile capabilities brought humiliation to the Pakistan’s government. The United States began to think that Pakistan was giving nuclear weapons technology to North Korea, to get ballistic missile technology in exchange. Khan also came under renewed scrutiny following the September 11, 2001 attacks in the U.S. He allegedly sold nuclear technology to Iran. However, he was pardoned in 2004, but placed under house arrest.

On the 22nd of August 2006, the Pakistani government declared that Khan had been diagnosed with prostate cancer and was undergoing treatment. He was released from house arrest in February 2009.

Other Contributions:

Khan was also a key figure in the establishment of several engineering universities in Pakistan. He set up a metallurgy and material science institute in Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology. The place, where Khan served as both executive member and director, has been named as Dr. A. Q. Khan Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Material Sciences. Another school, Dr. A. Q. Khan Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering at Karachi University, has also been named in his honor. Khan thus played a vital role in bringing metallurgical engineering courses to various universities of Pakistan.

Despite his international image, Khan remains widely popular among Pakistanis and he is considered domestically to be one of the most-influential and respected scientists in Pakistan.

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Abdul Qadeer Khan (1936 - 2021)

Abdul Qadeer Khan (A.Q. Kahn) was born on April 1, 1936, in Bhopal, India. As a Muslim, Khan immigrated to Pakistan in 1952. He earned his doctorate in metallurgical engineering from the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium. There he pioneered studies in phase transitions of metallic alloys, uranium metallurgy, and isotope separation based on gas centrifuges.

He then began working at Physical Dynamics Research Laboratory, a subcontractor of the Dutch partner of URENCO. URENCO, a consortium of British, German, and Dutch companies, was established in 1971 to research and develop uranium enrichment through the use of ultracentrifuges, which are centrifuges that operate at extremely high speeds. Khan used this position to steal drawings of centrifuges and assembled a list of mainly European suppliers where those parts could be procured.

After learning of India's ' Smiling Buddha ' nuclear test in 1974, Khan joined his nation's clandestine efforts to develop atomic weapons. Khan initially worked with the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), but differences arose with its head, Munir Ahmad Khan. In 1976, he founded the Khan Research Laboratories (KRL), for the purpose of developing a uranium-enrichment capability.

In the early 1980s Pakistan acquired from China the blueprints of a nuclear weapon that used a uranium implosion design that the Chinese had successfully tested in 1966. It is assumed that the Chinese nuclear test on May 26, 1990 was in fact done to test the Pakistani bomb design.

Starting in the mid-1980s, Kahn began to create front companies through which he covertly sell or traded centrifuges, components, designs, and expertise in an extensive black-market network. The Iran uranium-enrichment complex is based on the Pakistani model, which was supplied via Kahn's network. This network is suspected of having transferred enrichment technology to North Korea. Libya's nuclear weapons program was also aided by this network.

On October 10, 2021, Khan died at the age of 85 in Islamabad after being transferred to a hospital after he tested positive for COVID-19 in August. He was given a state funeral at the Faisal Mosque before being buried at the H-8 graveyard in Islamabad.

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The father of Pakistan’s nuclear weapon

It was 6th april 1978 when we achieved our first centrifugal enrichment of uranium. but, it was not weapons-grade enrichment. however, it was enough to confirm the viability of the project. we successfully managed to achieve 90 percent results in the enrichment programme by the early 1983.

Islamabad - When Pakistan commemorates May 28 as Youm-e-Takbeer, it also remembers the unforgettable role of nuclear scientist Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan in building Pakistan’s nuclear programme and its success in the form of country’s nuclear weapons tests in 1998.

Though Dr Khan is not in the limelight for the past more than 15 years and is living a retired life at his home in Islamabad’s upscale area, his name will always shine in history as the father of Pakistan’s nuclear bomb which made country’s defence invincible.

When India made conducted six nuclear tests between May 11 and 13 in 1998, it not only presented Pakistan a security challenge but also offered a rare opportunity to conduct its own tests and become world’s seventh and Muslim world’s first nuclear weapon state.

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The successful tests on May 28 in Chaghi, a north-western district of Balochistan, were an achievement which could be made possible only with the years-long struggle of the national hero, Dr Khan, who spearheaded country’s nuclear programme for more than two and a half decades.

Dr AQ Khan was the man who, according to historians, himself approached then Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto after India carried out its first nuclear tests in 1974 and told him that Pakistan could also run its own nuclear programme.

At that time, he was working for Anglo-Dutch-German nuclear engineering consortium, Urenco, in the Netherlands and had a firsthand experience of the rare shortcut technology of uranium enrichment. He came to Pakistan in December 1974 to meet Bhutto and briefed his team about the technology and asked them to start creating the infrastructure before his return from Holland. Almost a year later he left his job and joined the country’s nuclear programme.

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Though Dr Khan is not in the limelight for the past more than 15 years, his name will always shine in country’s history for his incredible services

Prime Minister Bhutto was particularly worried about the country’s defence following the debacle of East Pakistan in 1971. In Pakistan, basic infrastructure to get nuclear capability was non-existent at that time. The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) was the only institution to work on development of nuclear technology, but it lacked the required expertise. Pakistan felt itself vulnerable when India conducted her first nuclear tests in 1974.

Dr Khan initially worked with PAEC, headed by Munir Ahmad Khan, for a short period. In July 1976, Bhutto gave him full control of the Kahuta Enrichment Project that had been already operative with the name of Project-706 since 1974. When he joined, it was called Engineering Research Laboratories (ERL). However, then military ruler General Ziaul Haq through an order renamed ERL as [Dr AQ] Khan Research Laboratories (KRL) on May 1, 1981.

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It took almost three years to Dr Khan to build his own team to undertake a successful nuclear programme. He and his team hired scientists and started purchasing the required material from abroad. As the metallurgist had been living in Europe for 15 years, he knew about their nuclear industry and their suppliers very well. During his job in Holland, he had been extensively travelling in Europe, thus he helped Pakistan in purchasing equipment from there.

“We started developing centrifuges in our Rawalpindi office. It was 6th April 1978 when we achieved our first centrifugal enrichment of uranium,” Dr Khan told Aaj News TV in an interview in August 2009. “But, it was not weapons-grade enrichment rather it was of low grade. However, it was enough to confirm the viability of the project,” he added. He also said that they faced a lot of challenges but successfully managed to achieve 90 percent results in the enrichment programme by the early 1983.

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At that time, there were only three countries in the world – United Kingdom, Germany and Netherlands – which could enrich uranium centrifugally. The leaders in uranium enrichment technology i.e. the United States, France, China and Russia were using the diffusion method, instead of enriching it centrifugally. Dr Khan successfully helped Pakistan make it capable of using shortcut centrifugal method of enrichment.

In different interviews in the past, Dr Khan said Pakistan had achieved nuclear capability in 1984 but did not conduct tests for fear of their serious repercussions. As Pakistan was an ally of US in the Afghan war at that time, it and other western countries overlooked Pakistan’s programme and gave further opportunity to Dr Khan to undertake more research at the KRL and further develop the nuclear programme. However, it was left to the then government to conduct nuclear tests at the time of its own choice.

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Detention and Release

Following 9/11, the US started mounting pressure on Pakistan, accusing it of giving nuclear weapons technology to North Korea, Iran and Libya. In early 2004, then regime led by military ruler Pervez Musharraf detained Dr Khan in his home and apparently forced him to make a televised confession to nuclear proliferation. He confessed selling nuclear secrets to the three countries. He was immediately pardoned but house arrested. Later during his detention, he retracted his confession and accused Musharraf of making him a scapegoat.

In February 2009, Khan was freed from five years of house arrest on a court order. The court ruled that he was not involved in nuclear proliferation or criminal activity and was a free citizen from now on.

Other Contributions

Under Dr Khan’s supervision, the country also made successful test firing of Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles, Ghauri 1and Ghauri II, in April 1998 and April 1999 respectively.

AQ Khan also played a role in re-organising Pakistan’s national space agency – SUPARCO.

He runs Dr AQ Khan Hospital Trust which, according to the vision statement of the hospital, “provides free comprehensive healthcare, encompassing preventive, curative and rehabilitative health care to the residents of Lahore in particular and the country in general.”

The scientist also remained the project director at the Ghulam Ishaq Khan (GIK) Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology and helped in setting up materials science department there. Moreover, he helped in establishing Dr AQ Khan Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering at Karachi University. He also established a polytechnic institute in Mianwali district of Punjab.

Imran Mukhtar

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Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan (pdf Books)

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Abd ul Qayum 1
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Amir Usmani 1
Aqeel Abbas Jafri 1
Ashraf Ali Thanvi 3
Bilal Abdul Hai Hasani Nadwi 1
Chaudhry Sadiq Ali 1
Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan 1
Dr. Israr Ahmad RA 53
Dr. Mahmood Ahmad Ghazi 10
Dr. Mubarak Ali 1
Dr. Muhammad Ayub Khan 1
Dr. Muhammad Iqbal 1
Dr. Muhammad Rafi ud Din 1
Dr. Tanzil ur Rahman 1
Faiz Ahmad 1
Fateh Muhmmad Jalandhari 1
Feroz ud Din 1
Ghulam Rabbani 1
Habib ur Rahman Aazmi 1
Hafiz Jalal ud Din Sayuti 1
Hakeem Mahmood Ahmad Zafar 1
Hakeem Muhammad Saeed 1
Hazrat Shah Waliullah RA 3
Ibn e Hajar Al Asqalani RA 2
Imam Suyuti 1
Inayat Ullah 1
Irfan Siddiqui 1
Jalil Ahsan Nadvi 2
Jamia Ashrafia, Lahore 1
Josh Maleeh Aabadi 8
Khalil Ahmad Hamidi 1
Khan Muhammad Kamtar RA 1
Khawja Muhammad Yar Fareedi RA 1
Lutuf ur Rahman Khan 1
Malik Ghulam Ali 1
Manazir Ahsan Gilani RA 2
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Mufti Abd ur Rauf Sakharvi 1
Mufti Mahmood Hasan Gangohi RA 1
Mufti Rasheed Ahmad 1
Muhammad Abdul Qawi 1
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Muhammad Awais Sarwar 1
Muhammad Idrees Kandhelvi 1
Muhammad Ismail Sanbhali 1
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Muhammad Masood Azhar 1
Muhammad Mian 1
Muhammad Musaa Ar Roohani ul Bazi 1
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Muhammad Salman 1
Muhammad Sarfraz Khan 1
Muhammad Shafi 1
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Muhammad Yousaf Islahi 2
Muhammad Zahid ul Kosari 2
Mushtaq Ahmad Churthawli RA 4
Naeem Siddiqui 2
Nizam ud Din 1
Nizam ud Din Shaamzai 1
Parveen Shakir 5
Qazi Zulfiqar Ahmad 1
Rafi ud Din Hashmi 1
Rafiq Dogar 1
Raheem Gul 1
Rasheed Ahmad Gangohi 1
Sadar ud Din Islahi 1
Safi ur Rahman Mubarakpuri 1
Sami ul Haq 1
Sayed Mumtaz Ali 1
Shabbeer Ahmad Usmani RA 2
Shah Abdul Qadir Mohadith Dehlvi RA 1
Shibli Nomani RA 1
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A Tale of Nuclear Proliferation: How Pakistani Built His Network

This article was reported and written by William J. Broad and David E. Sanger

Feb. 12, 2004

The break for American intelligence operatives tracking Abdul Qadeer Khan's nuclear network came in the wet August heat in Malaysia, as five giant cargo containers full of specialized centrifuge parts were loaded into one of the nondescript vessels that ply the Straits of Malacca.

The C.I.A. had penetrated the factory of Scomi Precision Engineering, where one of the nuclear network's operatives -- known to the workers only as Tinner -- watched over the production of the delicate machinery needed to enrich uranium for nuclear bombs.

Spy satellites tracked the shipment as it wended its way to Dubai, where it was relabeled ''used machinery'' and transferred to a German-owned ship, the BBC China. When it headed through the Suez Canal, bound for Libya, the order went out from Washington to have it seized, according to accounts from American officials.

That seizure led to the unraveling of a trading network that sent bomb-making designs and equipment to at least three countries -- Iran, North Korea and Libya -- and has laid bare the limits of international controls on nuclear proliferation.

Yesterday, President Bush proposed to enhance that system by restricting the production of nuclear fuel to a few nations. [Page A18.]

The scope and audacity of the illicit network are still not fully known. Nor is it known whether the Pakistani military or government, which had supported Dr. Khan's research, were complicit in his activities.

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E-Paper | August 14, 2024

Dr abdul qadeer khan as a poet.

KARACHI: Eminent scientist Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan, who passed away on Sunday morning in Islamabad at the age of 85, studied and specialised in metallurgical engineering. But like many men and women of his generation, he did not have a one-dimensional personality: he had a profound interest in Urdu literature, particularly in poetry.

Dr Khan was born in Bhopal, undivided India, in 1936. The Madhya Pradesh capital has produced quite a few top-notch Urdu poets. One of them was Mohsin Bhopali who saw the light of day in the same town four years before Dr Khan and breathed his last in the Sindh capital in 2007. Like the scientist, he immigrated to Pakistan, settled in Karachi, and earned a decent name in the world of letters. It should not surprise anyone to know that in June 2018, when the complete works of Mohsin Bhopali (Kulliyaat-i-Mohsin Bhopali) was launched at the Arts Council of Pakistan, Karachi, Dr Khan was the event’s chief guest.

‘There’s an element of protest in his poetry as a reaction to the kind of situations that he had to face in life’

The other significant book whose launch Dr Khan presided over was Dr Prof Pirzada Qasim’s collection of poems Bey Musafat Safar. It took place in early March 2020. On the occasion, he talked in detail about the city of Karachi, its rich history of holding mushairas and the beauty of the Urdu language.

His fascination with literature had also manifested in him being a poet. Not many people know about it. But he wrote couplets in Urdu, and the poets who knew him suggest that if collected and compiled, they could make for a pretty valuable book.

Talking to Dawn on Monday, Dr Prof Pirzada Qasim said, “Indeed he loved poetry. He himself was a sha’ir [poet]. He did not write with the kind of consistency that a poet does, but wrote enough [to merit a book]. He was like that from the very beginning. I remember if he was invited to a lunch or dinner, he would often say to the host that once done with the eating, it would be nice if a sheri mehfil (session on poetry) was held.

“Also, he put together all the verses that he was fond of and published them. He was a man of diverse qualities — scientist, poet, cultured — an exemplary person,” Dr Qasim said.

Prof Sahar Ansair endorsed Dr Qasim’s comments. He said, “Dr Qadeer published a book titled Nawadiraat in which he had all the ash’aar that he had memorised. He used to write a column Umeed-i-Sahar for an Urdu newspaper, and was a poet, too. One of his verses that these days being discussed on social media is:

Guzar to khair gai hai teri hayaat Qadeer

Sitam zareef magar Kufion mein guzri hai

[You’ve somehow spent your life, Qadeer But it’s spent among the Kufis]

“The fact that he was born in Bhopal contributed to his love of poetry. He was impressed with some of the poets of the city such as Asad Bhopali and Sheri Bhopali. As for his own poetry, there’s an element of protest in it — protest as a reaction to the kind of situations that he had to face in life,” Prof Ansari added.

Published in Dawn, October 12th, 2021

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Essay on Doctor Abdul Qadeer Khan is a Great Scientist

Doctor abdul qadeer khan is a great scientist.

Great people are always great. They possess some extraordinary quality that makes their personality favourite and ideal. Generally speaking great people are great servers and saviours of mankind. They impress others with their unmatched ideas and works. Every person has favourite or ideal person whom he respects and loves. My favourite person is the world famous Pakistani scientist Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan. His personality serves as a beacon light for my life.

Doctor Abdul Qadeer Khan is Great Scientist

I always idealize Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan as my favourite personality. I like his services, his ideas and his determination. He achieved the remarkable landmarks in the history of science especially atomic energy.

Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan was born on 1 st April 1936 in Bhopal India. He was the youngest and the most beloved child of his parents. He was born to an educated family. He received his early education at Ganwary Primary School. He did his matriculation from Hamidia High School that was the most distinguished educational Institution. Qadeer Khan had great interest in studies. He was very intelligent and industrious student. Reading was his favorite hobby while physics was his favorite subject. As a student he was determined to become and engineer or a scientist. He was a promising youth. The foundations were laid at the beginning. His teacher Raza Khan was a very disciplined and scholarly figure. The thirst for more and specialized knowledge made Qadeer Khan travel abroad. He was so committed and devoted that he impressed his foreign teachers with his scientific approach and inquisitive mind.

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Doctor Abdul Qadeer Khan is Great Scientist

He was physically very fit. His eyes and hair are black. He is tall-statured. His physically appearance is quite impressive.

Qadeer Khan is a great patriot. As a child he had such a good training that he developed in to a good Muslim and a great human being. He always wished and planned to serve others. As a Muslim he believes in the religion of humanity. He can never see others suffering. He possesses optimistic ideas about life. The greatest service of Dr. Qadeer Khan is as a scientist. In the reign of Z.A. Bhutto he was asked to join Pakistan and do something for its atomic power. At that time he was in Holland. He was serving there at a very well reputed scientific and research institute. But for the nation sake he left it and cam to Pakistan. Since then Pakistan has never looked back. Kahota as a place for atomic research is his sole selection. He always considered defence top priority. His contribution for atomic explosions at Chaghi in 1999 is his unique service. This makes him a distinguished character and my her in history

Dr AQ Khan Institute of Technology Mianwali Admission 2024 Merit List

Conclusion:

In the end, I can say that the character, services and achievement of Dr. Qadeer Khan are simply be idealised and followed. Dr. Qadeer khan possesses all the qualities that make him my hero. Great people live beyond the limits of time and space. They are immortal.

DR AQ Khan College Scholarship for Balochistan 2024

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Last changed 2 January 2002

By Carey Sublette

Long celebrated as the "Father of the Pakistani Bomb", A. Q. Khan deserves credit for providing Pakistan with the means for producing nuclear weapons, for without the uranium enrichment gas centrifuge plant built under Khan's leadership, using classified and proprietary plans and technology that he stole from his former employer URENCO, Pakistan would not now have the ability to build dozens of nuclear weapons. He has spent most of the last quarter century as the public face, indeed the very personification, of Pakistan's nuclear establishment. His frequent willingness to make colorful and inflammatory public statements ensured his notoriety and hold on the limelight, up until his surprise forced retirement in March 2001. But much of the credit he has been awarded - and has done nothing to discourage - for being virtually the sole force behind Pakistan's nuclear and missile programs is not deserved.

The hero of Pakistan's nuclear weapons capability was born in present day India, in Bhopal State, in 1936 - the son of a teacher in a family of modest means. For five years, between the 1947 establishment of India as an independent state and 1952, Khan was a citizen of India. Then the Muslim Khan immigrated to Pakistan with his family as did millions of other Muslims before and after the 1947 partition of the two states. After graduating from school in Karachi he went to Europe in 1961 to continue his studies. First in Germany he attended the Technische Universit�t of West Berlin, then in Holland where he received a degree in metallurgical engineering at the Technical University of Delft in 1967. Eventually Khan received a Ph.D. in metallurgy from the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium in 1972.

After graduation Khan went to work for the Physical Dynamics Research Laboratory (FDO), a subsidiary of Verenigde Machine-Fabrieken, in Amsterdam in May 1972. FDO was a subcontractor to Ultra-Centrifuge Nederland (UCN) - the Dutch partner of the tri-national European uranium enrichment centrifuge consortium URENCO, made up of Britain, Germany, and the Netherlands.

Since Khan had lived in Europe from 1961 on and was married to a Dutch national (as the Dutch security service BVD believed) the very personable Khan had little trouble getting a security clearance - a limited security clearance. Curiously Khan's wife Henny was not Dutch though, but a Dutch-speaking South African holding a British passport.

Elementary principals of security were not, it seems, observed by any part of the URENCO establishment. Routine procedures, such as wearing identification badges marked with the level of clearance appear to have been unknown. Once someone gained access to part of a facility with one level of clearance, there seem to have been few if any barriers to moving to higher level areas. The customary practice of checking the security clearance level of a person before signing out to classified documents to them appears to have been ignored.

Within a week of starting with FDO A. Q. Khan was sent to the UCN enrichment facility in Almelo, Netherlands. A visit to an external facility would normally require the transmittal of security paperwork to be granted access. This procedure was ignored by both FDO and UCN, because Khan was not cleared to visit the UCN facility, though he would do so repeatedly during his employment.

The multi-lingual engineer was tasked with translating highly classified technical documents describing the centrifuges in detail. In the course of this work, he often took the documents home, with FDO's consent, even though this was also a breach of normal procedure. In his first two years Khan worked with two early centrifuge designs, the CNOR and SNOR machines, then in late 1974 UCN asked Khan to translate highly classified design documents for two advanced German machines, the G-1 and G-2. These represented the most sophisticated industrial enrichment technology in the world at the time.

Khan spent 16 days over the course of a month in the highest security area of the Almelo facility while studying these machines. During this period he had unsupervised access, and was noted roaming around, writing notes in a foreign script, but with the lax security culture no attempts to stop him or investigate his activities [Weissman and Krosney 1981; pp. 175-179] , [Burrows and Windrem 1994; pp. 362-364] .

Shahid-ur-Rehman relates in his book The Long Road to Chagai that Khan wrote to the Prime Minister in September 1974 offering his services to Pakistan, which means that he had definitely begun his espionage activities by the time he went to work with the G-2 and G-2. Evidence of the effect of Khan's passing of information on centrifuge technology and design, and on the URENCO component suppliers, to Pakistan can be seen in the initiation of the Pakistani purchase of components for the uranium enrichment program beginning in August 1975.

In January 1976, on (according to Khan) the invitation of Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, he suddenly left Europe with his family before his espionage was detected. The Khans's departure was deceptive, Henny wrote to neighbor's saying they were on vacation and Abdul had suddenly fallen ill. Khan later sent a letter of resignation, effective in March, to FDO from Pakistan.

A.Q. Khan initially worked under the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), headed by Munir Ahmad Khan. A small centrifuge pilot facility was initially set up at Sihala, several kilometers southeast of Islamabad. Friction quickly developed and in July 1976 Bhutto gave Khan autonomous control of the uranium enrichment project, reporting directly to the Prime Minister's office, an arrangement that has continued since. A.Q. Khan founded the Engineering Research Laboratories (ERL) on 31 July 1976, a few kilometers from Sihala, outside Kahuta near Islamabad, with the exclusive task of indigenous development of Uranium Enrichment Plant. Construction on Pakistan's first centrifuges began that year. The PAEC under M. A. Khan went on to develop Pakistan's first generation of nuclear weapons in the 1980s [Perkovich 1999; pp. 308-309] .

Due to Khan's efforts, the slow recognition of the program by western intelligence, and the weak export controls at the time, Pakistan made rapid progress in developing U-235 production capability. When export controls on nuclear usable materials were imposed on Pakistan in 1974, the focus was on technology applicable to plutonium production, not uranium enrichment, and the focus was on plants and complete systems, not components. By using Khan's detailed information of components and suppliers Pakistan was able to circumvent these controls.

According to Khan in a 1998 interview, the first enrichment was done at Kahuta on 4 April 1978. The plant was made operational in 1979 and by 1981 was producing substantial quantities of uranium.

In recognition of A. Q. Khan's contributions the ERL was renamed the A.Q. Khan Research Laboratories (KRL) by President Zia ul-Haq on 1 May 1981.

A later Dutch security enquiry revealed that Khan had probably appropriated much of the UCN facility's secrets. Starting in 1978, he was also named in numerous other Western inquiries and media reports about secret purchasing operations for components for Pakistan's uranium enrichment plant.

Khan acknowledges he did take advantage of his experience of many years of working on similar projects in Europe and his contacts there with various manufacturing firms, but denies engaging in nuclear espionage for which a court in Amsterdam sentenced him in absentia in 1983 to four years in prison. An appeals court two years later upheld his appeal against the conviction and quashed the sentence for failure to properly deliver a summons to him.

The prosecution had the option to renew the charges and issue a fresh summons for trial, but given the impossibility of serving him a summons behind the curtain of Pakistani security the Dutch government decided against pursuing the case any further - a fact that Khan claims as an admission that there was no substance to the case.

"I had requested for it as we had no library of our own at that time."

Of course the classified documents he undoubtedly copied and sent to Pakistan, as well as his written notes were not in the possession of Dutch security and thus could not be used to build a case against him.

Khan insists that the Pakistani centrifuge program is indigenous and that the equipment used in it was developed and manufactured locally. In 1990 Khan declared "All the research work was the result of our innovation and struggle. We did not receive any technical know-how from abroad, but we can't reject the use of books, magazines and research papers in this connection." [Burrows and Windrem 1994; pp. 368]

It has been reported that a CIA analyses of Pakistan's huge purchasing program showed that they had succeeded in obtaining at least one of almost every component needed to build a centrifuge enrichment plant [Weissman and Krosney 1981; pp. 190] .

The notion - expressed by Khan - that his personal access to detailed classified and proprietary ultracentrifuge designs was coincidental to his role in leading Pakistan's enrichment program, that he declined to employ the knowledge he had gained at FDO to assist Pakistan's program in constructing an enrichment plant in five years, and that the wholesale importation of the entire technology suite required to build a European-designed centrifuge plant does not constitute "technical know-how from abroad" cannot be taken seriously, to say the least.

The massive purchases of foreign equipment - continuing up through the purchase of ring magnets from China in the mid-90s, show heavy dependence on foreign technology and components. But even so, the plants themselves are Pakistani developments -- Pakistan had to design and build the facilities, assemble the systems from components, while manufacturing components themselves that they could not obtain in sufficient number. This is quite unlike reactors and plutonium separation plants that other proliferating countries have acquired ready-made and were trained to operate by their suppliers.

Despite the secrecy and security, Khan has taken the public spotlight on numerous occasions, attracting some criticism for seeking publicity in contrast to his more discrete counterpart in India, Abdul Kalam.

It was on such an occasion - an interview in February 1984 - that he first made the claim that Pakistan had achieved nuclear weapons capability.

And when the 1986-87 Exercise Brasstacks crisis was at its height on 28 January 1987 - an outbreak of warfare between India and Pakistan seemed imminent due to a confrontation over military exercises near the border - A.Q. Khan made threatening remarks regarding Pakistani nuclear retaliation to Indian journalist Kuldip Nayar, apparently intending that they be conveyed to the Indian government. Nayar however shopped the story around for a few weeks, and it was not published until 1 March, after the matter had been resolved. Nonetheless it left a lingering sense of nuclear threat with India.

Khan's public pronouncements also helped generate the tense atmosphere in which India's 1998 nuclear tests were conducted. In an inauspiciously timed visit, Bill Richardson led a high level U.S. delegation that visited New Delhi and then Pakistan on 15 April. During the visit Khan, told the Urdu daily Ausaf "We are ready to carry out nuclear explosion anytime and the day this political decision will be made, we will show the world," during an informal chat with journalists. "We have achieved uranium enrichment capability way back in 1978 and after that several times we asked different governments to grant us permission to carry out a nuclear test. But we did not get the permission," the daily quoted him as saying. Asked when Pakistan would carry out a nuclear test, Dr. Khan was quoted as having said, "Get permission from the government." Khan was not a spokesman for the government at the time, but he remained extremely influential and was still closely connected with the corridors of power in Pakistan.

As a result, not everyone in Pakistan holds Khan in awe. Some who have worked with him remember him as a egomaniacal lightweight given to exaggerating his expertise. "Most of the scientists who work on weapons are serious. They are sobered by the weight of what they don't know," said Munir Ahmad Khan, the former head of the PAEC. "Khan is a showman."

Despite his extreme prominence (Khan is one of the most famous men in Pakistan) and undoubted importance in Pakistan's acquisition of nuclear weapons, A. Q. Khan was never in charge of the actual development of nuclear weapons themselves (despite common assumptions to the contrary, which Khan did nothing to discourage). Weapons development, and their eventual testing, was carried out by the PAEC.

During the 1990s Khan lived in a spacious single-story house, located in Islamabad near the Faisal mosque, with his wife Henny and two daughters. The road outside his house is a public thoroughfare, but there are safety bumps in the road surface to slow traffic and a permanent security post is opposite the house. On the road, his car is escorted by four-wheel drive security vehicles with sirens and lights blaring and flashing.

Khan keeps a small menagerie of pets. Each day at sunrise, he takes a sackful of peanuts when he walks into the wooded Margala Hills across from his home and feeds the monkeys. Declared Khan, the day after his country exploded another nuclear device, "I am the kindest man in Pakistan. I feed the ants in the morning. I feed the monkeys."

Abdul Qadeer Khan's official career came to an abrupt end in March 2001, when he and PAEC Chairman Ishfaq Ahmed were suddenly retired by order of General (and now President) Pervez Musharraf. What prompted this move can only be speculated, but the Pakistani weapons program - which has been sponsored, run, and controlled by the military from its outset - is now mature, and it may be that Musharraf, who was busy mending fences with the outside world, wished to tie down some loose cannons that were a source of irritation with India and the United States. Both men were offered the post of "adviser to the chief executive", which Khan eventually rejected after much vacillation. Khan is now described as "Special Adviser to the Chief Executive on Strategic and KRL Affairs" a wholly ceremonial title. ( [Mushtaq 2001] , [Guinnessy 2001] ).

Reuters and Los Angeles Times news reports were used in preparing this article.

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ڈاکٹر قدیر خان اور ایٹمی پاکستان - شاہد نذیر چوہدری

Chapters / baab of dr. qadeer khan aur aitimi pakistan.

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Bheegi palkon par

سبق: ڈاکٹر عبد القدیر خان، خلاصہ، سوالات و جوابات

Back to: Model Darsi Kitab Urdu Class 8 | Chapterwise Notes

نیشنل بک فاؤنڈیشن “اردو” برائے آٹھویں جماعت۔
سبق نمبر: 05
سبق کا نام: ڈاکٹر عبد القدیر خان۔

اس سبق میں ڈاکٹر عبد القدیر خان کی خدمات کو بیان کیا گیا ہے۔ کسی ملک کی سالمیت معاشی ترقی اور خوشحالی کا دارومدار اس کے مضبوط دفاع پر ہوتا ہے۔ہر ملک اور قوم اپنی دفاعی ضروریات کو کبھی فراموش نہیں کرتی بلکہ اپنی دفاعی صلاحیتوں کو بہتر بنانے کی کوشش میں رہتی ہے۔ہمارا دین بھی ہمیں گھوڑے اور تلواریں ہرلمحہ تیار رکھنے کی تلقین کرتا ہے، جس کا مقصد یہ ہے کہ ہم اپنے دفاع کی صلاحیت اس قدر مستحکم کرلیں کہ کوئی دشمن ہماری طرف میلی آنکھ سے دیکھنے کی جرات نہ کرے۔

قیامِ پاکستان کے فوراً بعد ہمارے ملک کو اپنی سلامتی کی جنگ کرنا پڑی۔ہماری قوم اور مسلح افواج شروع دن ہی سے دفاع وطن کو ناقابلِ تسخیر بنانے میں مصروف عمل ہوگئی۔دفاعی اعتبار سے ملک کو نا قابلِ تسخیر بنانے کے لیے دفاعی سازو سامان اور دیگر دفاعی ضروریات کو خود انحصاری کی سطح پر لانا مقصد تھا اس لیے ایسے دفاعی منصوبوں کا آ غاز کیا گیا جن کی بدولت ملکی دفاع کے شعبے میں خود کفالت کی منزل کو حاصل کیا جا سکے۔جدید ایٹمی صلاحیتوں کو حاصل کرنے کے لیے تحقیق کے منصوبے بنائے گئے۔ تاکہ نہ صرف توانائی کی ضروریات کو پورا کیا جاسکے بلکہ دفاعی تقاضوں کو بھی مدِ نظر رکھا جائے۔

وطن عزیز میں ایسی قابل ، ذہین اور محب وطن شخصیات کی کمی نہیں جو اپنا سب کچھ ملک وقوم پر قربان کرنے کو تیار رہتی ہیں ۔ ڈاکٹرعبدالقدیر خان کا نام بھی انھی قابل قدر شخصیات میں سے ایک ہے جنھوں نے ملکی دفاع کو مضبوط بنانے کے لیے دن رات ایک کر دیا۔ دنیاوی مال و دولت اور آرام و سکون کی پروا کیے بغیر شب و روز کام کیا۔ انھوں نے پاکستانی سائنس دانوں اور ماہرین کے ساتھ مل کر پاکستان کو اسلامی ممالک میں پہلی اور عالمی سطح پر ساتویں جو ہری طاقت بنادیا۔آپ بھوپال میں پیدا ہوئے قیامِ پاکستان کے بعد انڈیا آئے اور کراچی میں منتقل ہوئے۔

ڈاکٹر عبد القدیر خان نے ہالینڈ ،بیلجیم اور جرمنی کی یونیورسٹیوں سے اعلیٰ تعلیم حاصل کی اور طبیعیات اور دھات کاری کے شعبے میں مہارت حاصل کی۔بھارت کے جوہری طاقت بنتے ہی آپ نے ہر ممکن کوشش کی کہ پاکستان کو ایٹمی طاقت بنایا جائے بھٹو کی دعوت پر پاکستان آئے اور جے ایچ کیو لیبارٹری میں تحقیق سے کامیابی حاصل کرتے ہوئے ملک کو ایٹمی قوت بنایا۔1988ء میں بھارت نے جوہری ہتھیاروں کے تجربات کرکے علاقائی طاقت کے توازن کو بگاڑنے کی عملی کوشش کی۔

بھارت کے ان مذموم عزائم کو ناکام بنانے کے لیے حکومت پاکستان نے اپنی اپنی صلاحیت کے اظہار کا فیصلہ کیا۔ پاکستان اٹامک انرجی کمیشن کو یہ ذمے داری دی گئی کہ وہ پاکستان کی ایٹمی صلاحیت کا مظاہر کریں۔ اس ٹیم میں ڈاکٹر عبدالقدیر خان پیش پیش رہے۔ چنانچہ پاکستان نے بلوچستان کے علاقے چاغی کے مقام پر مجھے کام یاب ایٹمی دھماکے کر کے دنیا کو یہ پیغام دیا کہ پاکستان کا دفاع ناقابل تسخیر بنایا جاچکا ہے اور ہم اپنے دشمن کو اینٹ کا جواب پتھر سے دینے کی بھر پور صلاحیت رکھتے ہیں۔ان کی خدمات کے عوض انھیں ہلال امتیاز ، ستارہ امتیاز اور نشان امتیاز سے نوازا گیا۔آپ کی خدمت خلق ہے کہ ملک کو ان سات ممالک کی فہرست میں شامل کیا جو ایٹمی قوت رکھتے ہیں۔ 10 اکتوبر2021ء میں پھیپھڑوں کے مرض کے باعث وفات پائی۔آپ ایچ ایٹ قبرستان اسلام آباد میں مدفون ہیں۔

دیے گئے سوالات کے جوابات لکھیں:

کسی ملک کی ترقی کا دارومدار کس بات پر ہے؟.

کسی ملک کی سالمیت معاشی ترقی اور خوشحالی کا دارومدار اس کے مضبوط دفاع پر ہوتا ہے۔ہر ملک اور قوم اپنی دفاعی ضروریات کو کبھی فراموش نہیں کرتی بلکہ اپنی دفاعی صلاحیتوں کو بہتر بنانے کی کوشش میں رہتی ہے۔

اپنے قیام کے پہلے دن سے پاکستان کی کوششیں کیا تھی؟

قیامِ پاکستان کے فوراً بعد ہمارے ملک کو اپنی سلامتی کی جنگ کرنا پڑی۔ہماری قوم اور مسلح افواج شروع دن ہی سے دفاع وطن کو ناقابلِ تسخیر بنانے میں مصروف عمل ہوگئی۔

دفاعی اعتبار سے ملک کو نا قابلِ تسخیر بنانے کے لیے کیا اقدامات کیے گئے؟

دفاعی اعتبار سے ملک کو نا قابلِ تسخیر بنانے کے لیے دفاعی سازو سامان اور دیگر دفاعی ضروریات کو خود انحصاری کی سطح پر لانا مقصد تھا اس لیے ایسے دفاعی منصوبوں کا آ غاز کیا گیا جن کی بدولت ملکی دفاع کے شعبے میں خود کفالت کی منزل کو حاصل کیا جا سکے۔جدید ایٹمی صلاحیتوں کو حاصل کرنے کے لیے تحقیق کے منصوبے بنائے گئے۔ تاکہ نہ صرف توانائی کی ضروریات کو پورا کیا جاسکے بلکہ دفاعی تقاضوں کو بھی مدِ نظر رکھا جائے۔

ڈاکٹر عبد القدیر خان نے یورپ میں قیام کے دوران کہاں سے تعلیم حاصل کی؟

ڈاکٹر عبد القدیر خان نے ہالینڈ ،بیلجیم اور جرمنی کی یونیورسٹیوں سے اعلیٰ تعلیم حاصل کی اور طبیعیات اور دھات کاری کے شعبے میں مہارت حاصل کی۔

پاکستان کو ایٹمی دھماکے کیوں کرنے پڑے؟

1988ء میں بھارت نے جوہری ہتھیاروں کے تجربات کرکے علاقائی طاقت کے توازن کو بگاڑنے کی عملی کوشش کی۔ بھارت کے ان مذموم عزائم کو ناکام بنانے کے لیے حکومت پاکستان نے اپنی اپنی صلاحیت کے اظہار کا فیصلہ کیا۔ پاکستان اٹامک انرجی کمیشن کو یہ ذمے داری دی گئی کہ وہ پاکستان کی ایٹمی صلاحیت کا مظاہر کریں۔ اس ٹیم میں ڈاکٹر عبدالقدیر خان پیش پیش رہے۔ چنانچہ پاکستان نے بلوچستان کے علاقے چاغی کے مقام پر مجھے کام یاب ایٹمی دھماکے کر کے دنیا کو یہ پیغام دیا کہ پاکستان کا دفاع ناقابل تسخیر بنایا جاچکا ہے اور ہم اپنے دشمن کو اینٹ کا جواب پتھر سے دینے کی بھر پور صلاحیت رکھتے ہیں۔

دفاعی حوالے سے پاکستان کو ہر وقت تیار رہنے کی ضرورت کیوں ہے؟

کسی ملک کی سالمیت ، معاشی ترقی اور خوشحالی کا دارو مدار اس کے مضبوط دفاع پر ہوتا ہے اس لیے ہر ملک اور قوم اپنی دفاعی ضروریات کو کبھی فراموش نہیں کرتی بلکہ اپنی دفاعی صلاحیتوں کو بہترین بنانے کے لیے کوشاں رہتی ہے۔ہمارا دین بھی ہمیں گھوڑے اور تلواریں ہرلمحہ تیار رکھنے کی تلقین کرتا ہے، جس کا مقصد یہ ہے کہ ہم اپنے دفاع کی صلاحیت اس قدر مستحکم کرلیں کہ کوئی دشمن ہماری طرف میلی آنکھ سے دیکھنے کی جرات نہ کرے۔

ڈاکٹر عبد القدیر خان نے پاکستان کے دفاع کے حوالے سے کیا خدمات انجام دیں؟

پاکستان اپنے ہمسایہ ممالک کے ساتھ دوستانہ تعلقات کا خواہشمند ہے کیوں؟

قیام پاکستان سے ہی پاکستان نے اپنے ہمسایہ ممالک کے ساتھ دوستانہ تعلقات کو فروغ دینے کی کوشش کی مگر اس کی خیر سگالی کو ہمیشہ اس کی کمزوری سمجھا گیا۔ مگر پھر بھی ہمارا ملک پر امن حالات کے کیے دوستانہ تعلقات کا خواہشمند ہے۔

بطور طالب علم آپ ملکی تعمیر و ترقی میں کیا کردار ادا کر سکتے ہیں؟

به طور طالب علم ہمارا فرض ہے کہ ہم اُن کے کارناموں کو یاد رکھیں۔ انھیں خراج تحسین پیش کرنے کا بہترین طریقہ ہے یہ ہے کہ ہم اپنی تمام صلاحیتوں کو بہ روئے کارلا میں وقت کا صیح استعمال کریں اور ملکی ترقی میں بڑھ چڑھ کر حصہ لیں ۔ اپنا ، اپنے خاندان اور ملک وقوم کا نام روشن کریں۔

مندرجہ ذیل جملوں میں سے فعل معروف اور فعل مجہول کے جملوں کو الگ الگ کریں۔

آمنہ نے میچ جیتا	(فعل معروف)
بات کی گئی	(فعل مجہول)
سچ بولا گیا	(فعل مجہول)
جولیا کو دعوت دی گئی	(فعل معروف)
راہول سے نظم سنی گئی	(فعل معروف)
شانتی نے بھی بولا	(فعل معروف)

مندرجہ ذیل الفاظ و محاورات کے معنی لغت میں تلاش کریں اور ان کے جملے بھی بنائیں۔

الفاظ	معنی	جملے
خیر سگالی	اچھا جذبہ	پاکستانی صدر نے ہندوستان کا دورہ خیر سگالی کیا۔
تگ و دو	کوشش	احمد نجانے کب سے ڈبہ کھولنے کی تگ و دو کر رہا ہے۔
خود کفالت	اپنی دیکھ بھال	ہمیں خود اپنی کفالت کی کوشش کرنی چاہیے۔
دن رات ایک کرنا	بہت محنت کرنا	علینہ نے امتحان میں اول آنے کے لیے دن رات ایک کر دیا۔
قابل قدر	قابلِ تعریف	احمد کا جذبہ خدمت خلق قابل قدر ہے۔
مذموم	عزائم	ناپاک ارادے ہمیں دشمن کے مذموم عزائم کو خاک میں ملانا ہے۔
بروئے کار لانا	کام میں لانا	اس نے گھر کی سجاوٹ کے لیے پرانے سامان کو بروئے کار لانے کی کوشش کی۔
اینٹ کا جواب پتھرسےدینا	برابر مقابلہ کرنا	پاکستانی فوج ںے دشمن کے حملے پر اینٹ کا جواب پتھر سے دیا۔
جان جانِ	آفریں کے سپر کرنا	اپنی جان خالق کو دینا اس نے اپنی جان جان آفریں کے سپرد کر دی۔

ااس سبق کا خلاصہ اپنے الفاظ میں لکھیے۔

ملاحظہ کیجیے سبق کا خلاصہ۔

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Essay on Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan in Urdu / Hindi
Dr Abdul qadeer khan key halat e zindgi Urdu essay
20 Powerful Quotes by Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan in Urdu
dr abdul qadeer khan pakistan
Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan essay #Essay ten lines on dr Abdul Qadeer khan 2021
Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan Life History In Urdu

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Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan Essay in Urdu
Born in 1936 in Bhopal, India, Dr Khan moved to Pakistan in 1952. He studied metallurgy at the Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands, before returning to Pakistan in 1976 to work on the country's nuclear program. Today, we will write an essay on Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan in Urdu for classes 5, 6 and others.
عبد القدیر خان
ڈاکٹر عبد القدیر خان(پیدائش: 1 اپریل 1936ء - وفات:10 اکتوبر 2021ء) پاکستانی سائسندان اور پاکستانی ایٹم بمکے خالق تھے۔. پیدائش. [ترمیم] ڈاکٹر عبد القدیر خان ہندوستانکے شہر بھوپالمیں ایک اردوبولنے ...
Abdul Qadeer Khan
Abdul Qadeer Khan, Pakistani engineer, a key figure in Pakistan's nuclear-weapons program who was also involved for decades in a black market of nuclear technology and know-how whereby uranium-enriched centrifuges, nuclear warhead designs, missiles, and expertise were sold or traded to various other countries.
Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan Essay
Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan Essay | Essay Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan| Abdul Qadeer Khan Essay in Urdu handwriting Star Calligraphy 287K subscribers 16K views 1 year ago #drabdulqadeer #drabdulqadeerkhan #cutmarker
Abdul Qadeer Khan
Abdul Qadeer Khan was born on 1 April 1936, in Bhopal, a city then in the erstwhile British Indian princely state of Bhopal State, and now the capital city of Madhya Pradesh. He was a Muhajir of Urdu-speaking Pashtun origin. [14] [15] [2] [5] [16] His maternal ancestors hailed from the Tirah Valley (now in the Khyber District of Khyber ...
Abdul Qadeer Khan
Abdul Qadeer Khan Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan is a famous Pakistani nuclear scientist and a metallurgical engineer. He is widely regarded as the founder of gas-centrifuge enrichment technology for Pakistan's nuclear deterrent program. Pakistan's nuclear weapons program is a source of extreme national pride. As its "father", A.Q. Khan, who headed Pakistan's nuclear program for some 25 years ...
Informative Essay On Dr Abul Qadeer khan
Informative Essay On Dr Abul Qadeer khan | DR A Q KHAN kay Halat E Zindagi | Death Of Dr A Q Khan Learn With Amna 52K subscribers Subscribed 169
Abdul Qadeer Khan
Abdul Qadeer Khan ( Urdu: عبدالقدیر خان; April 1, 1936 - October 10, 2021) was a Pakistani scientist and metallurgical engineer. He was a controversial figure.
Abdul Qadeer Khan
Abdul Qadeer Khan (1936 - 2021) Abdul Qadeer Khan (A.Q. Kahn) was born on April 1, 1936, in Bhopal, India. As a Muslim, Khan immigrated to Pakistan in 1952. He earned his doctorate in metallurgical engineering from the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium. There he pioneered studies in phase transitions of metallic alloys, uranium metallurgy, and isotope separation based on gas centrifuges.
The father of Pakistan's nuclear weapon
Islamabad - When Pakistan commemorates May 28 as Youm-e-Takbeer, it also remembers the unforgettable role of nuclear scientist Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan in building Pakistan's nuclear programme and its success in the form of country's nuclear weapons tests in 1998.
Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan
Bangladesh Mein Tabdeeli, 6 Aham Pehlu By Amir Khakwani Bangladeshi Tehreek Ke Pakistan Par Asraat By Najeeb ur Rehman Aise Zakhmon Ka Kya Ilaj Karoon By Syed Mehdi Bukhari 47 Baras Pehle Aalam e Bala Ko Gaye Abba Ke Naam Khat By Mojahid Mirza Aalmi Adalt e Insaf Se Maskhara Pan By Wusat Ullah Khan Paan Ki Dilchasp Rangeen Dastan By Azhar ...
Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan
What did Abdul Qadeer Khan invent? Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan is credited with inventing gas-centrifuge enrichment technology for Pakistan's nuclear program.
Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan (pdf Books)
Download free islamic/urdu pdf books written by Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan ...
A Tale of Nuclear Proliferation: How Pakistani Built His Network
Story of Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan's transformation from Pakistani national hero to largest and most sophisticated exporter in nuclear black market is gradually emerging; nuclear proliferation experts ...
Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan as a poet
KARACHI: Eminent scientist Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan, who passed away on Sunday morning in Islamabad at the age of 85, studied and specialised in metallurgical engineering. But like many men and women ...
Essay on Doctor Abdul Qadeer Khan is a Great Scientist
Doctor Abdul Qadeer Khan is Great Scientist. He was physically very fit. His eyes and hair are black. He is tall-statured. His physically appearance is quite impressive. Qadeer Khan is a great patriot. As a child he had such a good training that he developed in to a good Muslim and a great human being. He always wished and planned to serve ...
Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan
Long celebrated as the "Father of the Pakistani Bomb", A. Q. Khan deserves credit for providing Pakistan with the means for producing nuclear weapons, for without the uranium enrichment gas centrifuge plant built under Khan's leadership, using classified and proprietary plans and technology that he stole from his former employer URENCO, Pakistan would not now have the ability to build dozens ...
Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan Biography in Urdu history
Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan Biography in Urdu history #Dr .abdulqadeerkhan #AQKhan Dekho Suno Sikho 9 subscribers 1 23 views 2 years ago
Dr. Qadeer Khan Aur Aitimi Pakistan By Shahid Nazir Ch
Read Book Dr. Qadeer Khan Aur Aitimi Pakistan By Shahid Nazir Ch in Urdu. This is Politics Book, and available to read online for free. Download in PDF or read online in multiple episodes. Also Read dozens of other online by famous writers.
Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan
نیشنل بک فاؤنڈیشن "اردو" برائے آٹھویں جماعت۔ سبق نمبر: 05 سبق کا نام: ڈاکٹر عبد القدیر خان۔
Essay on Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan in Urdu / Hindi
Essay on Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan in Urdu / Hindi | Short Essay on Dr Qadeer | by Essay Home#drabdulqadeerkhan #Essay#Drabdulqadeerkhanessay#DrQadeerKhanEssayinU...
Essay on Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan 20 lines in English
Essay on Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan 20 lines in English | Dr Qadeer Khan | Essay Who is Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan 20 lines on Abdul Qadeer Khan dr abdul qadeer khan essay in english dr abdul qadeer khan ...

Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan Essay in Urdu | ڈاکٹر عبدالقدیر خان کا اردو میں مضمون

Pakistani Nuclear Physicist and Metallurgical Engineer

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Author of Over 270 Research Papers and Twice Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize

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Abuse, Torture, Rape As Collection Punishment: What ICC Could Do?

Top City: Case Behind Faiz Hameed’s Court Martial

Can Dr. Yunus Steer Bangladesh Through This Crisis?

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“An ISI Chief Is Held Accountable”

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Pakistan, perhaps an opportunity not fully utilised, but not a paradise lost

National identity and national security

Editorial: Quaid’s blueprint on how state should be run has been ignored by successive rulers

What the proceedings against ex-spymaster Faiz Hameed mean

Trial and retribution

Striving to hope

Pakistan at 77

Beyond the javelin

Broken politics

Rebuilding a dream

School massacre in Gaza

Essay on Doctor Abdul Qadeer Khan is a Great Scientist

To download this essay please click the link below:

Conclusion:

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EDITOR PICKS

Dr. Qadeer Khan Aur Aitimi Pakistan By Shahid Nazir Ch

ڈاکٹر قدیر خان اور ایٹمی پاکستان - شاہد نذیر چوہدری

سبق: ڈاکٹر عبد القدیر خان، خلاصہ، سوالات و جوابات