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Argumentative Essays

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What is an argumentative essay?

The argumentative essay is a genre of writing that requires the student to investigate a topic; collect, generate, and evaluate evidence; and establish a position on the topic in a concise manner.

Please note : Some confusion may occur between the argumentative essay and the expository essay. These two genres are similar, but the argumentative essay differs from the expository essay in the amount of pre-writing (invention) and research involved. The argumentative essay is commonly assigned as a capstone or final project in first year writing or advanced composition courses and involves lengthy, detailed research. Expository essays involve less research and are shorter in length. Expository essays are often used for in-class writing exercises or tests, such as the GED or GRE.

Argumentative essay assignments generally call for extensive research of literature or previously published material. Argumentative assignments may also require empirical research where the student collects data through interviews, surveys, observations, or experiments. Detailed research allows the student to learn about the topic and to understand different points of view regarding the topic so that she/he may choose a position and support it with the evidence collected during research. Regardless of the amount or type of research involved, argumentative essays must establish a clear thesis and follow sound reasoning.

The structure of the argumentative essay is held together by the following.

• A clear, concise, and defined thesis statement that occurs in the first paragraph of the essay.

In the first paragraph of an argument essay, students should set the context by reviewing the topic in a general way. Next the author should explain why the topic is important ( exigence ) or why readers should care about the issue. Lastly, students should present the thesis statement. It is essential that this thesis statement be appropriately narrowed to follow the guidelines set forth in the assignment. If the student does not master this portion of the essay, it will be quite difficult to compose an effective or persuasive essay.

• Clear and logical transitions between the introduction, body, and conclusion.

Transitions are the mortar that holds the foundation of the essay together. Without logical progression of thought, the reader is unable to follow the essay’s argument, and the structure will collapse. Transitions should wrap up the idea from the previous section and introduce the idea that is to follow in the next section.

• Body paragraphs that include evidential support.

Each paragraph should be limited to the discussion of one general idea. This will allow for clarity and direction throughout the essay. In addition, such conciseness creates an ease of readability for one’s audience. It is important to note that each paragraph in the body of the essay must have some logical connection to the thesis statement in the opening paragraph. Some paragraphs will directly support the thesis statement with evidence collected during research. It is also important to explain how and why the evidence supports the thesis ( warrant ).

However, argumentative essays should also consider and explain differing points of view regarding the topic. Depending on the length of the assignment, students should dedicate one or two paragraphs of an argumentative essay to discussing conflicting opinions on the topic. Rather than explaining how these differing opinions are wrong outright, students should note how opinions that do not align with their thesis might not be well informed or how they might be out of date.

• Evidential support (whether factual, logical, statistical, or anecdotal).

The argumentative essay requires well-researched, accurate, detailed, and current information to support the thesis statement and consider other points of view. Some factual, logical, statistical, or anecdotal evidence should support the thesis. However, students must consider multiple points of view when collecting evidence. As noted in the paragraph above, a successful and well-rounded argumentative essay will also discuss opinions not aligning with the thesis. It is unethical to exclude evidence that may not support the thesis. It is not the student’s job to point out how other positions are wrong outright, but rather to explain how other positions may not be well informed or up to date on the topic.

• A conclusion that does not simply restate the thesis, but readdresses it in light of the evidence provided.

It is at this point of the essay that students may begin to struggle. This is the portion of the essay that will leave the most immediate impression on the mind of the reader. Therefore, it must be effective and logical. Do not introduce any new information into the conclusion; rather, synthesize the information presented in the body of the essay. Restate why the topic is important, review the main points, and review your thesis. You may also want to include a short discussion of more research that should be completed in light of your work.

A complete argument

Perhaps it is helpful to think of an essay in terms of a conversation or debate with a classmate. If I were to discuss the cause of World War II and its current effect on those who lived through the tumultuous time, there would be a beginning, middle, and end to the conversation. In fact, if I were to end the argument in the middle of my second point, questions would arise concerning the current effects on those who lived through the conflict. Therefore, the argumentative essay must be complete, and logically so, leaving no doubt as to its intent or argument.

The five-paragraph essay

A common method for writing an argumentative essay is the five-paragraph approach. This is, however, by no means the only formula for writing such essays. If it sounds straightforward, that is because it is; in fact, the method consists of (a) an introductory paragraph (b) three evidentiary body paragraphs that may include discussion of opposing views and (c) a conclusion.

Longer argumentative essays

Complex issues and detailed research call for complex and detailed essays. Argumentative essays discussing a number of research sources or empirical research will most certainly be longer than five paragraphs. Authors may have to discuss the context surrounding the topic, sources of information and their credibility, as well as a number of different opinions on the issue before concluding the essay. Many of these factors will be determined by the assignment.

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How to Write an Argumentative Essay

4-minute read

• 30th April 2022

An argumentative essay is a structured, compelling piece of writing where an author clearly defines their stance on a specific topic. This is a very popular style of writing assigned to students at schools, colleges, and universities. Learn the steps to researching, structuring, and writing an effective argumentative essay below.

Requirements of an Argumentative Essay

To effectively achieve its purpose, an argumentative essay must contain:

●  A concise thesis statement that introduces readers to the central argument of the essay

●  A clear, logical, argument that engages readers

●  Ample research and evidence that supports your argument

Approaches to Use in Your Argumentative Essay

1.   classical.

●  Clearly present the central argument.

●  Outline your opinion.

●  Provide enough evidence to support your theory.

2.   Toulmin

●  State your claim.

●  Supply the evidence for your stance.

●  Explain how these findings support the argument.

●  Include and discuss any limitations of your belief.

3.   Rogerian

●  Explain the opposing stance of your argument.

●  Discuss the problems with adopting this viewpoint.

●  Offer your position on the matter.

●  Provide reasons for why yours is the more beneficial stance.

●  Include a potential compromise for the topic at hand.

Tips for Writing a Well-Written Argumentative Essay

●  Introduce your topic in a bold, direct, and engaging manner to captivate your readers and encourage them to keep reading.

●  Provide sufficient evidence to justify your argument and convince readers to adopt this point of view.

●  Consider, include, and fairly present all sides of the topic.

●  Structure your argument in a clear, logical manner that helps your readers to understand your thought process.

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●  Discuss any counterarguments that might be posed.

●  Use persuasive writing that’s appropriate for your target audience and motivates them to agree with you.

Steps to Write an Argumentative Essay

Follow these basic steps to write a powerful and meaningful argumentative essay :

Step 1: Choose a topic that you’re passionate about

If you’ve already been given a topic to write about, pick a stance that resonates deeply with you. This will shine through in your writing, make the research process easier, and positively influence the outcome of your argument.

Step 2: Conduct ample research to prove the validity of your argument

To write an emotive argumentative essay , finding enough research to support your theory is a must. You’ll need solid evidence to convince readers to agree with your take on the matter. You’ll also need to logically organize the research so that it naturally convinces readers of your viewpoint and leaves no room for questioning.

Step 3: Follow a simple, easy-to-follow structure and compile your essay

A good structure to ensure a well-written and effective argumentative essay includes:

Introduction

●  Introduce your topic.

●  Offer background information on the claim.

●  Discuss the evidence you’ll present to support your argument.

●  State your thesis statement, a one-to-two sentence summary of your claim.

●  This is the section where you’ll develop and expand on your argument.

●  It should be split into three or four coherent paragraphs, with each one presenting its own idea.

●  Start each paragraph with a topic sentence that indicates why readers should adopt your belief or stance.

●  Include your research, statistics, citations, and other supporting evidence.

●  Discuss opposing viewpoints and why they’re invalid.

●  This part typically consists of one paragraph.

●  Summarize your research and the findings that were presented.

●  Emphasize your initial thesis statement.

●  Persuade readers to agree with your stance.

We certainly hope that you feel inspired to use these tips when writing your next argumentative essay . And, if you’re currently elbow-deep in writing one, consider submitting a free sample to us once it’s completed. Our expert team of editors can help ensure that it’s concise, error-free, and effective!

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Argumentative Essay vs. Informative Essay

What's the difference.

Argumentative essays and informative essays both aim to present information to the reader, but they have different purposes and approaches. Argumentative essays are meant to persuade the reader to agree with the writer's point of view on a controversial topic, presenting evidence and logical reasoning to support their argument. On the other hand, informative essays are focused on providing objective information on a topic, presenting facts, statistics, and research without trying to persuade the reader to take a specific stance. While both types of essays require thorough research and organization, the tone and purpose of each differ significantly.

Further Detail

Introduction.

Argumentative essays and informative essays are two common types of academic writing that students encounter in their educational journey. While both essays serve different purposes, they also share some similarities in terms of structure and organization. In this article, we will compare the attributes of argumentative essays and informative essays to help students understand the differences between the two.

The primary purpose of an argumentative essay is to persuade the reader to adopt a particular point of view or take a specific action. This type of essay presents a claim or argument and provides evidence to support it. On the other hand, an informative essay aims to educate the reader about a particular topic without persuading them to agree with the author's viewpoint. Informative essays provide facts, data, and information to help readers understand a subject better.

Both argumentative essays and informative essays follow a similar structure, including an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. However, the content and focus of each section differ between the two types of essays. In an argumentative essay, the introduction presents the thesis statement or main argument, while the body paragraphs provide evidence and analysis to support the claim. The conclusion restates the thesis and summarizes the main points. In contrast, an informative essay introduces the topic in the introduction, presents information and facts in the body paragraphs, and concludes with a summary of the key points discussed.

The tone of an argumentative essay is often persuasive and assertive, as the author aims to convince the reader of their viewpoint. This type of essay may use strong language, logical reasoning, and emotional appeals to make a compelling argument. In comparison, the tone of an informative essay is more neutral and objective, focusing on presenting facts and information in a clear and concise manner. Informative essays avoid using biased language or personal opinions to maintain an unbiased perspective on the topic.

Use of Evidence

Both argumentative essays and informative essays rely on evidence to support their claims and arguments. However, the type of evidence used in each type of essay differs. In an argumentative essay, the evidence is used to persuade the reader of the validity of the author's argument. This evidence may include statistics, research studies, expert opinions, and examples. In contrast, an informative essay uses evidence to provide factual information and support the key points discussed. The evidence in an informative essay is used to educate the reader rather than persuade them to agree with a particular viewpoint.

In conclusion, argumentative essays and informative essays serve different purposes and have distinct characteristics. While argumentative essays aim to persuade the reader of a particular viewpoint, informative essays focus on educating the reader about a topic. Both types of essays follow a similar structure but differ in tone, use of evidence, and overall approach. By understanding the differences between argumentative essays and informative essays, students can improve their writing skills and effectively communicate their ideas in academic settings.

Comparisons may contain inaccurate information about people, places, or facts. Please report any issues.

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3 Key Tips for How to Write an Argumentative Essay

General Education

If there’s one writing skill you need to have in your toolkit for standardized tests, AP exams, and college-level writing, it’s the ability to make a persuasive argument. Effectively arguing for a position on a topic or issue isn’t just for the debate team— it’s for anyone who wants to ace the essay portion of an exam or make As in college courses.

To give you everything you need to know about how to write an argumentative essay , we’re going to answer the following questions for you:

• What is an argumentative essay?
• How should an argumentative essay be structured?
• How do I write a strong argument?
• What’s an example of a strong argumentative essay?
• What are the top takeaways for writing argumentative papers?

By the end of this article, you’ll be prepped and ready to write a great argumentative essay yourself!

Now, let’s break this down.

What Is an Argumentative Essay?

An argumentative essay is a type of writing that presents the writer’s position or stance on a specific topic and uses evidence to support that position. The goal of an argumentative essay is to convince your reader that your position is logical, ethical, and, ultimately, right . In argumentative essays, writers accomplish this by writing:

• A clear, persuasive thesis statement in the introduction paragraph
• Body paragraphs that use evidence and explanations to support the thesis statement
• A paragraph addressing opposing positions on the topic—when appropriate
• A conclusion that gives the audience something meaningful to think about.

Introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion: these are the main sections of an argumentative essay. Those probably sound familiar. Where does arguing come into all of this, though? It’s not like you’re having a shouting match with your little brother across the dinner table. You’re just writing words down on a page!

...or are you? Even though writing papers can feel like a lonely process, one of the most important things you can do to be successful in argumentative writing is to think about your argument as participating in a larger conversation . For one thing, you’re going to be responding to the ideas of others as you write your argument. And when you’re done writing, someone—a teacher, a professor, or exam scorer—is going to be reading and evaluating your argument.

If you want to make a strong argument on any topic, you have to get informed about what’s already been said on that topic . That includes researching the different views and positions, figuring out what evidence has been produced, and learning the history of the topic. That means—you guessed it!—argumentative essays almost always require you to incorporate outside sources into your writing.  

What Makes Argumentative Essays Unique?

Argumentative essays are different from other types of essays for one main reason: in an argumentative essay, you decide what the argument will be . Some types of essays, like summaries or syntheses, don’t want you to show your stance on the topic—they want you to remain unbiased and neutral.

In argumentative essays, you’re presenting your point of view as the writer and, sometimes, choosing the topic you’ll be arguing about. You just want to make sure that that point of view comes across as informed, well-reasoned, and persuasive.

Another thing about argumentative essays: they’re often longer than other types of essays. Why, you ask? Because it takes time to develop an effective argument. If your argument is going to be persuasive to readers, you have to address multiple points that support your argument, acknowledge counterpoints, and provide enough evidence and explanations to convince your reader that your points are valid.

Our 3 Best Tips for Picking a Great Argumentative Topic

The first step to writing an argumentative essay deciding what to write about! Choosing a topic for your argumentative essay might seem daunting, though. It can feel like you could make an argument about anything under the sun. For example, you could write an argumentative essay about how cats are way cooler than dogs, right?

It’s not quite that simple . Here are some strategies for choosing a topic that serves as a solid foundation for a strong argument.

Choose a Topic That Can Be Supported With Evidence

First, you want to make sure the topic you choose allows you to make a claim that can be supported by evidence that’s considered credible and appropriate for the subject matter ...and, unfortunately, your personal opinions or that Buzzfeed quiz you took last week don’t quite make the cut.

Some topics—like whether cats or dogs are cooler—can generate heated arguments, but at the end of the day, any argument you make on that topic is just going to be a matter of opinion. You have to pick a topic that allows you to take a position that can be supported by actual, researched evidence.

(Quick note: you could write an argumentative paper over the general idea that dogs are better than cats—or visa versa!—if you’re a) more specific and b) choose an idea that has some scientific research behind it. For example, a strong argumentative topic could be proving that dogs make better assistance animals than cats do.)

You also don’t want to make an argument about a topic that’s already a proven fact, like that drinking water is good for you. While some people might dislike the taste of water, there is an overwhelming body of evidence that proves—beyond the shadow of a doubt—that drinking water is a key part of good health.  

To avoid choosing a topic that’s either unprovable or already proven, try brainstorming some issues that have recently been discussed in the news, that you’ve seen people debating on social media, or that affect your local community. If you explore those outlets for potential topics, you’ll likely stumble upon something that piques your audience’s interest as well.  

Choose a Topic That You Find Interesting

Topics that have local, national, or global relevance often also resonate with us on a personal level. Consider choosing a topic that holds a connection between something you know or care about and something that is relevant to the rest of society. These don’t have to be super serious issues, but they should be topics that are timely and significant.

For example, if you are a huge football fan, a great argumentative topic for you might be arguing whether football leagues need to do more to prevent concussions . Is this as “important” an issue as climate change? No, but it’s still a timely topic that affects many people. And not only is this a great argumentative topic: you also get to write about one of your passions! Ultimately, if you’re working with a topic you enjoy, you’ll have more to say—and probably write a better essay .

Choose a Topic That Doesn’t Get You Too Heated

Another word of caution on choosing a topic for an argumentative paper: while it can be effective to choose a topic that matters to you personally, you also want to make sure you’re choosing a topic that you can keep your cool over. You’ve got to be able to stay unemotional, interpret the evidence persuasively, and, when appropriate, discuss opposing points of view without getting too salty.

In some situations, choosing a topic for your argumentative paper won’t be an issue at all: the test or exam will choose it for you . In that case, you’ve got to do the best you can with what you’re given.

In the next sections, we’re going to break down how to write any argumentative essay —regardless of whether you get to choose your own topic or have one assigned to you! Our expert tips and tricks will make sure that you’re knocking your paper out of the park.

The Thesis: The Argumentative Essay’s Backbone

You’ve chosen a topic or, more likely, read the exam question telling you to defend, challenge, or qualify a claim on an assigned topic. What do you do now?

You establish your position on the topic by writing a killer thesis statement ! The thesis statement, sometimes just called “the thesis,” is the backbone of your argument, the north star that keeps you oriented as you develop your main points, the—well, you get the idea.

In more concrete terms, a thesis statement conveys your point of view on your topic, usually in one sentence toward the end of your introduction paragraph . It’s very important that you state your point of view in your thesis statement in an argumentative way—in other words, it should state a point of view that is debatable.

And since your thesis statement is going to present your argument on the topic, it’s the thing that you’ll spend the rest of your argumentative paper defending. That’s where persuasion comes in. Your thesis statement tells your reader what your argument is, then the rest of your essay shows and explains why your argument is logical.

Why does an argumentative essay need a thesis, though? Well, the thesis statement—the sentence with your main claim—is actually the entire point of an argumentative essay. If you don’t clearly state an arguable claim at the beginning of your paper, then it’s not an argumentative essay. No thesis statement = no argumentative essay. Got it?

Other types of essays that you’re familiar with might simply use a thesis statement to forecast what the rest of the essay is going to discuss or to communicate what the topic is. That’s not the case here. If your thesis statement doesn’t make a claim or establish your position, you’ll need to go back to the drawing board.

Example Thesis Statements

Here are a couple of examples of thesis statements that aren’t argumentative and thesis statements that are argumentative

The sky is blue.

The thesis statement above conveys a fact, not a claim, so it’s not argumentative.

To keep the sky blue, governments must pass clean air legislation and regulate emissions.

The second example states a position on a topic. What’s the topic in that second sentence? The best way to keep the sky blue. And what position is being conveyed? That the best way to keep the sky blue is by passing clean air legislation and regulating emissions.

Some people would probably respond to that thesis statement with gusto: “No! Governments should not pass clean air legislation and regulate emissions! That infringes on my right to pollute the earth!” And there you have it: a thesis statement that presents a clear, debatable position on a topic.

Here’s one more set of thesis statement examples, just to throw in a little variety:

Spirituality and otherworldliness characterize A$AP Rocky’s portrayals of urban life and the American Dream in his rap songs and music videos.

The statement above is another example that isn’t argumentative, but you could write a really interesting analytical essay with that thesis statement. Long live A$AP! Now here’s another one that is argumentative:

To give students an understanding of the role of the American Dream in contemporary life, teachers should incorporate pop culture, like the music of A$AP Rocky, into their lessons and curriculum.

The argument in this one? Teachers should incorporate more relevant pop culture texts into their curriculum.

This thesis statement also gives a specific reason for making the argument above: To give students an understanding of the role of the American Dream in contemporary life. If you can let your reader know why you’re making your argument in your thesis statement, it will help them understand your argument better.

An actual image of you killing your argumentative essay prompts after reading this article! 

Breaking Down the Sections of An Argumentative Essay

Now that you know how to pick a topic for an argumentative essay and how to make a strong claim on your topic in a thesis statement, you’re ready to think about writing the other sections of an argumentative essay. These are the parts that will flesh out your argument and support the claim you made in your thesis statement.  

Like other types of essays, argumentative essays typically have three main sections: the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. Within those sections, there are some key elements that a reader—and especially an exam scorer or professor—is always going to expect you to include.

Let’s look at a quick outline of those three sections with their essential pieces here:

• Introduction paragraph with a thesis statement (which we just talked about)
• Support Point #1 with evidence
• Explain/interpret the evidence with your own, original commentary (AKA, the fun part!)
• Support Point #2 with evidence
• Explain/interpret the evidence with your own, original commentary
• Support Point #3 with evidence
• New paragraph addressing opposing viewpoints (more on this later!)
• Concluding paragraph

 Now, there are some key concepts in those sections that you’ve got to understand if you’re going to master how to write an argumentative essay. To make the most of the body section, you have to know how to support your claim (your thesis statement), what evidence and explanations are and when you should use them, and how and when to address opposing viewpoints. To finish strong, you’ve got to have a strategy for writing a stellar conclusion.

This probably feels like a big deal! The body and conclusion make up most of the essay, right? Let’s get down to it, then.

How to Write a Strong Argument

Once you have your topic and thesis, you’re ready for the hard part: actually writing your argument. If you make strategic choices—like the ones we’re about to talk about—writing a strong argumentative essay won’t feel so difficult.

There are three main areas where you want to focus your energy as you develop a strategy for how to write an argumentative essay: supporting your claim—your thesis statement—in your essay, addressing other viewpoints on your topic, and writing a solid conclusion. If you put thought and effort into these three things, you’re much more likely to write an argumentative essay that’s engaging, persuasive, and memorable...aka A+ material.

Focus Area 1: Supporting Your Claim With Evidence and Explanations

So you’ve chosen your topic, decided what your position will be, and written a thesis statement. But like we see in comment threads across the Internet, if you make a claim and don’t back it up with evidence, what do people say? “Where’s your proof?” “Show me the facts!” “Do you have any evidence to support that claim?”

Of course you’ve done your research like we talked about. Supporting your claim in your thesis statement is where that research comes in handy.

You can’t just use your research to state the facts, though. Remember your reader? They’re going to expect you to do some of the dirty work of interpreting the evidence for them. That’s why it’s important to know the difference between evidence and explanations, and how and when to use both in your argumentative essay.

What Evidence Is and When You Should Use It

Evidence can be material from any authoritative and credible outside source that supports your position on your topic. In some cases, evidence can come in the form of photos, video footage, or audio recordings. In other cases, you might be pulling reasons, facts, or statistics from news media articles, public policy, or scholarly books or journals.

There are some clues you can look for that indicate whether or not a source is credible , such as whether:

• The website where you found the source ends in .edu, .gov, or .org
• The source was published by a university press
• The source was published in a peer-reviewed journal
• The authors did extensive research to support the claims they make in the source

This is just a short list of some of the clues that a source is likely a credible one, but just because a source was published by a prestigious press or the authors all have PhDs doesn’t necessarily mean it is the best piece of evidence for you to use to support your argument.

In addition to evaluating the source’s credibility, you’ve got to consider what types of evidence might come across as most persuasive in the context of the argument you’re making and who your readers are. In other words, stepping back and getting a bird’s eye view of the entire context of your argumentative paper is key to choosing evidence that will strengthen your argument.

On some exams, like the AP exams , you may be given pretty strict parameters for what evidence to use and how to use it. You might be given six short readings that all address the same topic, have 15 minutes to read them, then be required to pull material from a minimum of three of the short readings to support your claim in an argumentative essay.

When the sources are handed to you like that, be sure to take notes that will help you pick out evidence as you read. Highlight, underline, put checkmarks in the margins of your exam . . . do whatever you need to do to begin identifying the material that you find most helpful or relevant. Those highlights and check marks might just turn into your quotes, paraphrases, or summaries of evidence in your completed exam essay.

What Explanations Are and When You Should Use Them

Now you know that taking a strategic mindset toward evidence and explanations is critical to grasping how to write an argumentative essay. Unfortunately, evidence doesn’t speak for itself. While it may be obvious to you, the researcher and writer, how the pieces of evidence you’ve included are relevant to your audience, it might not be as obvious to your reader.

That’s where explanations—or analysis, or interpretations—come in. You never want to just stick some quotes from an article into your paragraph and call it a day. You do want to interpret the evidence you’ve included to show your reader how that evidence supports your claim.

Now, that doesn’t mean you’re going to be saying, “This piece of evidence supports my argument because...”. Instead, you want to comment on the evidence in a way that helps your reader see how it supports the position you stated in your thesis. We’ll talk more about how to do this when we show you an example of a strong body paragraph from an argumentative essay here in a bit.

Understanding how to incorporate evidence and explanations to your advantage is really important. Here’s why: when you’re writing an argumentative essay, particularly on standardized tests or the AP exam, the exam scorers can’t penalize you for the position you take. Instead, their evaluation is going to focus on the way you incorporated evidence and explained it in your essay.

Focus Area 2: How—and When—to Address Other Viewpoints

Why would we be making arguments at all if there weren’t multiple views out there on a given topic? As you do research and consider the background surrounding your topic, you’ll probably come across arguments that stand in direct opposition to your position.

Oftentimes, teachers will ask you to “address the opposition” in your argumentative essay. What does that mean, though, to “ address the opposition ?”

Opposing viewpoints function kind of like an elephant in the room. Your audience knows they’re there. In fact, your audience might even buy into an opposing viewpoint and be waiting for you to show them why your viewpoint is better. If you don’t, it means that you’ll have a hard time convincing your audience to buy your argument.

Addressing the opposition is a balancing act: you don’t want to undermine your own argument, but you don’t want to dismiss the validity of opposing viewpoints out-of-hand or ignore them altogether, which can also undermine your argument.

This isn’t the only acceptable approach, but it’s common practice to wait to address the opposition until close to the end of an argumentative essay. But why?

Well, waiting to present an opposing viewpoint until after you’ve thoroughly supported your own argument is strategic. You aren’t going to go into great detail discussing the opposing viewpoint: you’re going to explain what that viewpoint is fairly, but you’re also going to point out what’s wrong with it.

It can also be effective to read the opposition through the lens of your own argument and the evidence you’ve used to support it. If the evidence you’ve already included supports your argument, it probably doesn’t support the opposing viewpoint. Without being too obvious, it might be worth pointing this out when you address the opposition.

Focus Area #3: Writing the Conclusion

It’s common to conclude an argumentative essay by reiterating the thesis statement in some way, either by reminding the reader what the overarching argument was in the first place or by reviewing the main points and evidence that you covered.

You don’t just want to restate your thesis statement and review your main points and call it a day, though. So much has happened since you stated your thesis in the introduction! And why waste a whole paragraph—the very last thing your audience is going to read—on just repeating yourself?

Here’s an approach to the conclusion that can give your audience a fresh perspective on your argument: reinterpret your thesis statement for them in light of all the evidence and explanations you’ve provided. Think about how your readers might read your thesis statement in a new light now that they’ve heard your whole argument out.

That’s what you want to leave your audience with as you conclude your argumentative paper: a brief explanation of why all that arguing mattered in the first place. If you can give your audience something to continue pondering after they’ve read your argument, that’s even better.

One thing you want to avoid in your conclusion, though: presenting new supporting points or new evidence. That can just be confusing for your reader. Stick to telling your reader why the argument you’ve already made matters, and your argument will stick with your reader.

A Strong Argumentative Essay: Examples

For some aspiring argumentative essay writers, showing is better than telling. To show rather than tell you what makes a strong argumentative essay, we’ve provided three examples of possible body paragraphs for an argumentative essay below.

Think of these example paragraphs as taking on the form of the “Argumentative Point #1 → Evidence —> Explanation —> Repeat” process we talked through earlier. It’s always nice to be able to compare examples, so we’ve included three paragraphs from an argumentative paper ranging from poor (or needs a lot of improvement, if you’re feeling generous), to better, to best.

All of the example paragraphs are for an essay with this thesis statement: 

Thesis Statement: In order to most effectively protect user data and combat the spread of disinformation, the U.S. government should implement more stringent regulations of Facebook and other social media outlets.

As you read the examples, think about what makes them different, and what makes the “best” paragraph more effective than the “better” and “poor” paragraphs. Here we go:

A Poor Argument

Example Body Paragraph: Data mining has affected a lot of people in recent years. Facebook has 2.23 billion users from around the world, and though it would take a huge amount of time and effort to make sure a company as big as Facebook was complying with privacy regulations in countries across the globe, adopting a common framework for privacy regulation in more countries would be the first step. In fact, Mark Zuckerberg himself supports adopting a global framework for privacy and data protection, which would protect more users than before.

What’s Wrong With This Example?

First, let’s look at the thesis statement. Ask yourself: does this make a claim that some people might agree with, but others might disagree with?

The answer is yes. Some people probably think that Facebook should be regulated, while others might believe that’s too much government intervention. Also, there are definitely good, reliable sources out there that will help this writer prove their argument. So this paper is off to a strong start!  

Unfortunately, this writer doesn’t do a great job proving their thesis in their body paragraph. First, the topic sentence—aka the first sentence of the paragraph—doesn’t make a point that directly supports the position stated in the thesis. We’re trying to argue that government regulation will help protect user data and combat the spread of misinformation, remember? The topic sentence should make a point that gets right at that, instead of throwing out a random fact about data mining.

Second, because the topic sentence isn’t focused on making a clear point, the rest of the paragraph doesn’t have much relevant information, and it fails to provide credible evidence that supports the claim made in the thesis statement. For example, it would be a great idea to include exactly what Mark Zuckerberg said ! So while there’s definitely some relevant information in this paragraph, it needs to be presented with more evidence.

A Better Argument  

This paragraph is a bit better than the first one, but it still needs some work. The topic sentence is a bit too long, and it doesn’t make a point that clearly supports the position laid out in the thesis statement. The reader already knows that mining user data is a big issue, so the topic sentence would be a great place to make a point about why more stringent government regulations would most effectively protect user data.

There’s also a problem with how the evidence is incorporated in this example. While there is some relevant, persuasive evidence included in this paragraph, there’s no explanation of why or how it is relevant . Remember, you can’t assume that your evidence speaks for itself: you have to interpret its relevance for your reader. That means including at least a sentence that tells your reader why the evidence you’ve chosen proves your argument.

A Best—But Not Perfect!—Argument  

Example Body Paragraph: Though Facebook claims to be implementing company policies that will protect user data and stop the spread of misinformation , its attempts have been unsuccessful compared to those made by the federal government. When PricewaterhouseCoopers conducted a Federal Trade Commission-mandated assessment of Facebook’s partnerships with Microsoft and the makers of the Blackberry handset in 2013, the team found limited evidence that Facebook had monitored or even checked that its partners had complied with Facebook’s existing data use policies. In fact, Facebook’s own auditors confirmed the PricewaterhouseCoopers findings, despite the fact that Facebook claimed that the company was making greater attempts to safeguard users’ personal information. In contrast, bills written by Congress have been more successful in changing Facebook’s practices than Facebook’s own company policies have. According to The Washington Post, The Honest Ads Act of 2017 “created public demand for transparency and changed how social media companies disclose online political advertising.” These policy efforts, though thus far unsuccessful in passing legislation, have nevertheless pushed social media companies to change some of their practices by sparking public outrage and negative media attention.

Why This Example Is The Best

This paragraph isn’t perfect, but it is the most effective at doing some of the things that you want to do when you write an argumentative essay.

First, the topic sentences get to the point . . . and it’s a point that supports and explains the claim made in the thesis statement! It gives a clear reason why our claim in favor of more stringent government regulations is a good claim : because Facebook has failed to self-regulate its practices.

This paragraph also provides strong evidence and specific examples that support the point made in the topic sentence. The evidence presented shows specific instances in which Facebook has failed to self-regulate, and other examples where the federal government has successfully influenced regulation of Facebook’s practices for the better.

Perhaps most importantly, though, this writer explains why the evidence is important. The bold sentence in the example is where the writer links the evidence back to their opinion. In this case, they explain that the pressure from Federal Trade Commission and Congress—and the threat of regulation—have helped change Facebook for the better.

Why point out that this isn’t a perfect paragraph, though? Because you won’t be writing perfect paragraphs when you’re taking timed exams either. But get this: you don’t have to write perfect paragraphs to make a good score on AP exams or even on an essay you write for class. Like in this example paragraph, you just have to effectively develop your position by appropriately and convincingly relying on evidence from good sources.

Top 3 Takeaways For Writing Argumentative Essays

This is all great information, right? If (when) you have to write an argumentative essay, you’ll be ready. But when in doubt, remember these three things about how to write an argumentative essay, and you’ll emerge victorious:

Takeaway #1: Read Closely and Carefully

This tip applies to every aspect of writing an argumentative essay. From making sure you’re addressing your prompt, to really digging into your sources, to proofreading your final paper...you’ll need to actively and pay attention! This is especially true if you’re writing on the clock, like during an AP exam.

Takeaway #2: Make Your Argument the Focus of the Essay

Define your position clearly in your thesis statement and stick to that position! The thesis is the backbone of your paper, and every paragraph should help prove your thesis in one way or another. But sometimes you get to the end of your essay and realize that you’ve gotten off topic, or that your thesis doesn’t quite fit. Don’t worry—if that happens, you can always rewrite your thesis to fit your paper!

Takeaway #3: Use Sources to Develop Your Argument—and Explain Them

Nothing is as powerful as good, strong evidence. First, make sure you’re finding credible sources that support your argument. Then you can paraphrase, briefly summarize, or quote from your sources as you incorporate them into your paragraphs. But remember the most important part: you have to explain why you’ve chosen that evidence and why it proves your thesis.

What's Next?

Once you’re comfortable with how to write an argumentative essay, it’s time to learn some more advanced tips and tricks for putting together a killer argument.

Keep in mind that argumentative essays are just one type of essay you might encounter. That’s why we’ve put together more specific guides on how to tackle IB essays , SAT essays , and ACT essays .

But what about admissions essays? We’ve got you covered. Not only do we have comprehensive guides to the Coalition App and Common App essays, we also have tons of individual college application guides, too . You can search through all of our college-specific posts by clicking here.

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Argumentative Essay Structure: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction.

Writing an argumentative essay can seem like a daunting task, but with the right structure and approach, it becomes much more manageable. An argumentative essay is all about presenting a well-reasoned argument supported by evidence, and it’s essential to structure your essay effectively to convey your message convincingly. If you’re struggling with how to organize your thoughts, you might want to consider taking my class for a more in-depth understanding and personalized guidance.

Understanding the Basics

What is an argumentative essay.

An argumentative essay is a type of writing that requires you to take a position on a topic and support that position with evidence and reasoning. The goal is to persuade your reader to see things from your perspective.

Key Components of an Argumentative Essay

• Introduction : Introduces the topic and presents the thesis statement.
• Body Paragraphs : Each paragraph presents a separate piece of evidence supporting the thesis.
• Counterarguments and Rebuttals : Addressing opposing viewpoints and refuting them.
• Conclusion : Summarizes the main points and restates the thesis in light of the evidence presented.

Differences Between Argumentative and Persuasive Essays

While both aim to persuade the reader, an argumentative essay relies more on logic and evidence, whereas a persuasive essay may appeal more to emotions and personal beliefs.

Choosing a Topic

Importance of a strong topic.

A compelling topic is crucial for an argumentative essay. It should be debatable, relevant, and interesting to you and your audience.

Tips for Selecting a Topic

• Choose something you are passionate about.
• Ensure there is enough evidence available to support your argument.
• Pick a topic that is relevant to current events or ongoing debates.

Examples of Argumentative Essay Topics

• Should the death penalty be abolished?
• Is climate change the greatest threat to humanity?
• Do social media platforms negatively impact mental health?

Crafting a Thesis Statement

Definition of a thesis statement.

A thesis statement is a concise summary of the main point or claim of the essay. It typically appears at the end of the introduction.

Importance of a Strong Thesis

A strong thesis statement provides direction for the essay and makes a clear and specific argument.

How to Write an Effective Thesis Statement

• Be clear and specific.
• Take a definitive stance.
• Make sure it is debatable and not a statement of fact.

Introduction Paragraph

Hooking the reader.

Start with a hook to grab the reader’s attention. This could be a startling fact, a quote, or a rhetorical question.

Providing Background Information

Give the reader some context about the topic. This helps them understand the significance of the issue being discussed.

Presenting the Thesis Statement

Clearly state your thesis at the end of the introduction. This sets up the main argument that will be developed in the body of the essay.

Body Paragraphs

Structure of a body paragraph.

Each body paragraph should start with a topic sentence that introduces the main idea of the paragraph. This is followed by evidence and analysis.

Developing Arguments

Each paragraph should present a single argument that supports the thesis. Use logical reasoning and credible evidence to make your case.

Using Evidence and Examples

Support your arguments with facts, statistics, examples, and quotes from experts. This adds credibility to your essay.

Counterarguments and Rebuttals

Importance of addressing counterarguments.

Acknowledging and refuting opposing viewpoints shows that you have considered different perspectives and strengthens your argument.

How to Present Counterarguments

Introduce the counterargument fairly and respectfully. This demonstrates your understanding of the issue.

Crafting Effective Rebuttals

Refute the counterargument with evidence and reasoning. Explain why your position is more valid or preferable.

Conclusion Paragraph

Summarizing the main points.

Briefly recap the main points made in the body of the essay. This reinforces your argument.

Restating the Thesis

Restate your thesis in light of the evidence presented. This shows how the evidence supports your overall argument.

Providing a Final Thought or Call to Action

End with a strong closing statement. This could be a call to action, a prediction, or a thought-provoking question.

Transitions Between Paragraphs

Importance of smooth transitions.

Smooth transitions help the essay flow logically and make it easier for the reader to follow your argument.

Techniques for Effective Transitions

• Use transitional phrases (e.g., “Furthermore,” “In addition,” “However”).
• Refer back to previous points to create a logical link.
• Introduce the next point at the end of the current paragraph.

Examples of Transitional Phrases

• “In contrast…”
• “Moreover…”
• “As a result…”

Using Evidence

Types of evidence.

• Facts : Verifiable information.
• Statistics : Numerical data.
• Expert Opinions : Statements from authorities in the field.
• Examples : Specific instances that illustrate a point.

Integrating Evidence into Your Essay

Introduce evidence with a signal phrase, explain its relevance, and analyze it to show how it supports your argument.

Citing Sources Properly

Proper citation gives credit to the original authors and adds credibility to your essay. Follow the required citation style (e.g., APA, MLA).

Maintaining a Formal Tone

Importance of tone in an argumentative essay.

A formal tone helps to convey your argument with authority and professionalism.

Tips for Maintaining a Formal Tone

• Avoid slang and colloquialisms.
• Use precise and clear language.
• Write in the third person (e.g., “The study shows…” instead of “I think…”).

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

• Overusing complex vocabulary.
• Being overly emotional or biased.
• Straying from the main argument.

Editing and Proofreading

Importance of revising your essay.

Editing and proofreading help to refine your arguments, correct errors, and improve clarity.

Tips for Effective Editing

• Take a break before revising.
• Read your essay out loud.
• Use editing tools and checklists.

Common Errors to Watch For

• Grammatical mistakes.
• Spelling errors.
• Logical inconsistencies.

Formatting Your Essay

Proper essay format.

Follow the required formatting guidelines for your essay (e.g., font type, size, margins).

Guidelines for Formatting

• Use a standard font (e.g., Times New Roman, 12 pt).
• Double-space your text.
• Include a header with your name and page number.

Tips for a Clean and Professional Look

• Use headings and subheadings.
• Ensure consistent spacing and indentation.
• Include a title page if required.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Overview of common errors.

• Failing to address counterarguments.
• Using weak or irrelevant evidence.
• Ignoring the importance of editing.

How to Avoid These Mistakes

• Plan and outline your essay before writing.
• Use credible sources for evidence.
• Allocate time for revising and proofreading.

Examples of Corrected Mistakes

• Corrected: “Evidence shows that climate change poses significant threats to global ecosystems.”

Writing an effective argumentative essay requires careful planning, a clear structure, and strong evidence. By following the guidelines outlined in this article, you can craft a compelling essay that persuades your readers to see things from your perspective. Remember, practice makes perfect, so keep honing your skills and experimenting with different topics and arguments.

How long should an argumentative essay be?

The length of an argumentative essay can vary, but it typically ranges from 1,500 to 2,500 words, depending on the complexity of the topic and the depth of analysis required.

Can I use first-person pronouns in an argumentative essay?

While it’s generally recommended to use third-person pronouns to maintain a formal tone, first-person pronouns can be used sparingly if they enhance the argument and clarity.

How many sources should I use?

The number of sources depends on the assignment requirements, but a well-researched argumentative essay typically includes at least 5-10 credible sources.

What is the difference between a fact and an opinion?

A fact is a statement that can be verified with evidence, while an opinion is a personal belief or judgment that may not be based on evidence.

How can I make my essay more persuasive?

To make your essay more persuasive, use strong evidence, address counterarguments, maintain a formal tone, and use clear and logical reasoning.

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• The four main types of essay | Quick guide with examples

The Four Main Types of Essay | Quick Guide with Examples

Published on September 4, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on July 23, 2023.

An essay is a focused piece of writing designed to inform or persuade. There are many different types of essay, but they are often defined in four categories: argumentative, expository, narrative, and descriptive essays.

Argumentative and expository essays are focused on conveying information and making clear points, while narrative and descriptive essays are about exercising creativity and writing in an interesting way. At university level, argumentative essays are the most common type. 

In high school and college, you will also often have to write textual analysis essays, which test your skills in close reading and interpretation.

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Table of contents

Argumentative essays, expository essays, narrative essays, descriptive essays, textual analysis essays, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about types of essays.

An argumentative essay presents an extended, evidence-based argument. It requires a strong thesis statement —a clearly defined stance on your topic. Your aim is to convince the reader of your thesis using evidence (such as quotations ) and analysis.

Argumentative essays test your ability to research and present your own position on a topic. This is the most common type of essay at college level—most papers you write will involve some kind of argumentation.

The essay is divided into an introduction, body, and conclusion:

• The introduction provides your topic and thesis statement
• The body presents your evidence and arguments
• The conclusion summarizes your argument and emphasizes its importance

The example below is a paragraph from the body of an argumentative essay about the effects of the internet on education. Mouse over it to learn more.

A common frustration for teachers is students’ use of Wikipedia as a source in their writing. Its prevalence among students is not exaggerated; a survey found that the vast majority of the students surveyed used Wikipedia (Head & Eisenberg, 2010). An article in The Guardian stresses a common objection to its use: “a reliance on Wikipedia can discourage students from engaging with genuine academic writing” (Coomer, 2013). Teachers are clearly not mistaken in viewing Wikipedia usage as ubiquitous among their students; but the claim that it discourages engagement with academic sources requires further investigation. This point is treated as self-evident by many teachers, but Wikipedia itself explicitly encourages students to look into other sources. Its articles often provide references to academic publications and include warning notes where citations are missing; the site’s own guidelines for research make clear that it should be used as a starting point, emphasizing that users should always “read the references and check whether they really do support what the article says” (“Wikipedia:Researching with Wikipedia,” 2020). Indeed, for many students, Wikipedia is their first encounter with the concepts of citation and referencing. The use of Wikipedia therefore has a positive side that merits deeper consideration than it often receives.

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An expository essay provides a clear, focused explanation of a topic. It doesn’t require an original argument, just a balanced and well-organized view of the topic.

Expository essays test your familiarity with a topic and your ability to organize and convey information. They are commonly assigned at high school or in exam questions at college level.

The introduction of an expository essay states your topic and provides some general background, the body presents the details, and the conclusion summarizes the information presented.

A typical body paragraph from an expository essay about the invention of the printing press is shown below. Mouse over it to learn more.

The invention of the printing press in 1440 changed this situation dramatically. Johannes Gutenberg, who had worked as a goldsmith, used his knowledge of metals in the design of the press. He made his type from an alloy of lead, tin, and antimony, whose durability allowed for the reliable production of high-quality books. This new technology allowed texts to be reproduced and disseminated on a much larger scale than was previously possible. The Gutenberg Bible appeared in the 1450s, and a large number of printing presses sprang up across the continent in the following decades. Gutenberg’s invention rapidly transformed cultural production in Europe; among other things, it would lead to the Protestant Reformation.

A narrative essay is one that tells a story. This is usually a story about a personal experience you had, but it may also be an imaginative exploration of something you have not experienced.

Narrative essays test your ability to build up a narrative in an engaging, well-structured way. They are much more personal and creative than other kinds of academic writing . Writing a personal statement for an application requires the same skills as a narrative essay.

A narrative essay isn’t strictly divided into introduction, body, and conclusion, but it should still begin by setting up the narrative and finish by expressing the point of the story—what you learned from your experience, or why it made an impression on you.

Mouse over the example below, a short narrative essay responding to the prompt “Write about an experience where you learned something about yourself,” to explore its structure.

Since elementary school, I have always favored subjects like science and math over the humanities. My instinct was always to think of these subjects as more solid and serious than classes like English. If there was no right answer, I thought, why bother? But recently I had an experience that taught me my academic interests are more flexible than I had thought: I took my first philosophy class.

Before I entered the classroom, I was skeptical. I waited outside with the other students and wondered what exactly philosophy would involve—I really had no idea. I imagined something pretty abstract: long, stilted conversations pondering the meaning of life. But what I got was something quite different.

A young man in jeans, Mr. Jones—“but you can call me Rob”—was far from the white-haired, buttoned-up old man I had half-expected. And rather than pulling us into pedantic arguments about obscure philosophical points, Rob engaged us on our level. To talk free will, we looked at our own choices. To talk ethics, we looked at dilemmas we had faced ourselves. By the end of class, I’d discovered that questions with no right answer can turn out to be the most interesting ones.

The experience has taught me to look at things a little more “philosophically”—and not just because it was a philosophy class! I learned that if I let go of my preconceptions, I can actually get a lot out of subjects I was previously dismissive of. The class taught me—in more ways than one—to look at things with an open mind.

A descriptive essay provides a detailed sensory description of something. Like narrative essays, they allow you to be more creative than most academic writing, but they are more tightly focused than narrative essays. You might describe a specific place or object, rather than telling a whole story.

Descriptive essays test your ability to use language creatively, making striking word choices to convey a memorable picture of what you’re describing.

A descriptive essay can be quite loosely structured, though it should usually begin by introducing the object of your description and end by drawing an overall picture of it. The important thing is to use careful word choices and figurative language to create an original description of your object.

Mouse over the example below, a response to the prompt “Describe a place you love to spend time in,” to learn more about descriptive essays.

On Sunday afternoons I like to spend my time in the garden behind my house. The garden is narrow but long, a corridor of green extending from the back of the house, and I sit on a lawn chair at the far end to read and relax. I am in my small peaceful paradise: the shade of the tree, the feel of the grass on my feet, the gentle activity of the fish in the pond beside me.

My cat crosses the garden nimbly and leaps onto the fence to survey it from above. From his perch he can watch over his little kingdom and keep an eye on the neighbours. He does this until the barking of next door’s dog scares him from his post and he bolts for the cat flap to govern from the safety of the kitchen.

With that, I am left alone with the fish, whose whole world is the pond by my feet. The fish explore the pond every day as if for the first time, prodding and inspecting every stone. I sometimes feel the same about sitting here in the garden; I know the place better than anyone, but whenever I return I still feel compelled to pay attention to all its details and novelties—a new bird perched in the tree, the growth of the grass, and the movement of the insects it shelters…

Sitting out in the garden, I feel serene. I feel at home. And yet I always feel there is more to discover. The bounds of my garden may be small, but there is a whole world contained within it, and it is one I will never get tired of inhabiting.

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Though every essay type tests your writing skills, some essays also test your ability to read carefully and critically. In a textual analysis essay, you don’t just present information on a topic, but closely analyze a text to explain how it achieves certain effects.

Rhetorical analysis

A rhetorical analysis looks at a persuasive text (e.g. a speech, an essay, a political cartoon) in terms of the rhetorical devices it uses, and evaluates their effectiveness.

The goal is not to state whether you agree with the author’s argument but to look at how they have constructed it.

The introduction of a rhetorical analysis presents the text, some background information, and your thesis statement; the body comprises the analysis itself; and the conclusion wraps up your analysis of the text, emphasizing its relevance to broader concerns.

The example below is from a rhetorical analysis of Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech . Mouse over it to learn more.

King’s speech is infused with prophetic language throughout. Even before the famous “dream” part of the speech, King’s language consistently strikes a prophetic tone. He refers to the Lincoln Memorial as a “hallowed spot” and speaks of rising “from the dark and desolate valley of segregation” to “make justice a reality for all of God’s children.” The assumption of this prophetic voice constitutes the text’s strongest ethical appeal; after linking himself with political figures like Lincoln and the Founding Fathers, King’s ethos adopts a distinctly religious tone, recalling Biblical prophets and preachers of change from across history. This adds significant force to his words; standing before an audience of hundreds of thousands, he states not just what the future should be, but what it will be: “The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.” This warning is almost apocalyptic in tone, though it concludes with the positive image of the “bright day of justice.” The power of King’s rhetoric thus stems not only from the pathos of his vision of a brighter future, but from the ethos of the prophetic voice he adopts in expressing this vision.

Literary analysis

A literary analysis essay presents a close reading of a work of literature—e.g. a poem or novel—to explore the choices made by the author and how they help to convey the text’s theme. It is not simply a book report or a review, but an in-depth interpretation of the text.

Literary analysis looks at things like setting, characters, themes, and figurative language. The goal is to closely analyze what the author conveys and how.

The introduction of a literary analysis essay presents the text and background, and provides your thesis statement; the body consists of close readings of the text with quotations and analysis in support of your argument; and the conclusion emphasizes what your approach tells us about the text.

Mouse over the example below, the introduction to a literary analysis essay on Frankenstein , to learn more.

Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is often read as a crude cautionary tale about the dangers of scientific advancement unrestrained by ethical considerations. In this reading, protagonist Victor Frankenstein is a stable representation of the callous ambition of modern science throughout the novel. This essay, however, argues that far from providing a stable image of the character, Shelley uses shifting narrative perspectives to portray Frankenstein in an increasingly negative light as the novel goes on. While he initially appears to be a naive but sympathetic idealist, after the creature’s narrative Frankenstein begins to resemble—even in his own telling—the thoughtlessly cruel figure the creature represents him as. This essay begins by exploring the positive portrayal of Frankenstein in the first volume, then moves on to the creature’s perception of him, and finally discusses the third volume’s narrative shift toward viewing Frankenstein as the creature views him.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

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At high school and in composition classes at university, you’ll often be told to write a specific type of essay , but you might also just be given prompts.

Look for keywords in these prompts that suggest a certain approach: The word “explain” suggests you should write an expository essay , while the word “describe” implies a descriptive essay . An argumentative essay might be prompted with the word “assess” or “argue.”

The vast majority of essays written at university are some sort of argumentative essay . Almost all academic writing involves building up an argument, though other types of essay might be assigned in composition classes.

Essays can present arguments about all kinds of different topics. For example:

• In a literary analysis essay, you might make an argument for a specific interpretation of a text
• In a history essay, you might present an argument for the importance of a particular event
• In a politics essay, you might argue for the validity of a certain political theory

An argumentative essay tends to be a longer essay involving independent research, and aims to make an original argument about a topic. Its thesis statement makes a contentious claim that must be supported in an objective, evidence-based way.

An expository essay also aims to be objective, but it doesn’t have to make an original argument. Rather, it aims to explain something (e.g., a process or idea) in a clear, concise way. Expository essays are often shorter assignments and rely less on research.

The key difference is that a narrative essay is designed to tell a complete story, while a descriptive essay is meant to convey an intense description of a particular place, object, or concept.

Narrative and descriptive essays both allow you to write more personally and creatively than other kinds of essays , and similar writing skills can apply to both.

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Informative Essay — Purpose, Structure, and Examples

What is informative writing.

Informative writing educates the reader about a certain topic. An informative essay may explain new information, describe a process, or clarify a concept. The provided information is objective, meaning the writing focuses on presentation of fact and should not contain personal opinion or bias.

Informative writing includes description, process, cause and effect, comparison, and problems and possible solutions:

Describes a person, place, thing, or event using descriptive language that appeals to readers’ senses

Explains the process to do something or how something was created

Discusses the relationship between two things, determining how one ( cause ) leads to the other ( effect ); the effect needs to be based on fact and not an assumption

Identifies the similarities and differences between two things; does not indicate that one is better than the other

Details a problem and presents various possible solutions ; the writer does not suggest one solution is more effective than the others

Purpose of informative writing

The purpose of an informative essay depends upon the writer’s motivation, but may be to share new information, describe a process, clarify a concept, explain why or how, or detail a topic’s intricacies.

Informative essays may introduce readers to new information .

Summarizing a scientific/technological study

Outlining the various aspects of a religion

Providing information on a historical period

Describe a process or give step-by-step details of a procedure.

How to write an informational essay

How to construct an argument

How to apply for a job

Clarify a concept and offer details about complex ideas.

Explain why or how something works the way that it does.

Describe how the stock market impacts the economy

Illustrate why there are high and low tides

Detail how the heart functions

Offer information on the smaller aspects or intricacies of a larger topic.

Identify the importance of the individual bones in the body

Outlining the Dust Bowl in the context of the Great Depression

Explaining how bees impact the environment

How to write an informative essay

Regardless of the type of information, the informative essay structure typically consists of an introduction, body, and conclusion.

Introduction

Background information

Explanation of evidence

Restated thesis

Review of main ideas

Closing statement

Informative essay introduction

When composing the introductory paragraph(s) of an informative paper, include a hook, introduce the topic, provide background information, and develop a good thesis statement.

If the hook or introduction creates interest in the first paragraph, it will draw the readers’ attention and make them more receptive to the essay writer's ideas. Some of the most common techniques to accomplish this include the following:

Emphasize the topic’s importance by explaining the current interest in the topic or by indicating that the subject is influential.

Use pertinent statistics to give the paper an air of authority.

A surprising statement can be shocking; sometimes it is disgusting; sometimes it is joyful; sometimes it is surprising because of who said it.

An interesting incident or anecdote can act as a teaser to lure the reader into the remainder of the essay. Be sure that the device is appropriate for the informative essay topic and focus on what is to follow.

Directly introduce the topic of the essay.

Provide the reader with the background information necessary to understand the topic. Don’t repeat this information in the body of the essay; it should help the reader understand what follows.

Identify the overall purpose of the essay with the thesis (purpose statement). Writers can also include their support directly in the thesis, which outlines the structure of the essay for the reader.

Informative essay body paragraphs

Each body paragraph should contain a topic sentence, evidence, explanation of evidence, and a transition sentence.

A good topic sentence should identify what information the reader should expect in the paragraph and how it connects to the main purpose identified in the thesis.

Provide evidence that details the main point of the paragraph. This includes paraphrasing, summarizing, and directly quoting facts, statistics, and statements.

Explain how the evidence connects to the main purpose of the essay.

Place transitions at the end of each body paragraph, except the last. There is no need to transition from the last support to the conclusion. A transition should accomplish three goals:

Tell the reader where you were (current support)

Tell the reader where you are going (next support)

Relate the paper’s purpose

Informative essay conclusion

Incorporate a rephrased thesis, summary, and closing statement into the conclusion of an informative essay.

Rephrase the purpose of the essay. Do not just repeat the purpose statement from the thesis.

Summarize the main idea found in each body paragraph by rephrasing each topic sentence.

End with a clincher or closing statement that helps readers answer the question “so what?” What should the reader take away from the information provided in the essay? Why should they care about the topic?

Informative essay example

The following example illustrates a good informative essay format:

Identify the kind of text being used in the following paragraphs A. INFORMATIVE B. PERSUASIVE C. ARGUMENTATIVE ___1.) Are you tired of seeing your paychecks slashed by unjust tax deductions? We work hard to provide for our families and then wind up only being able to live paycheck to paycheck. If you vote for me, I'll make sure you taxes are lowered and you get the government services that you depend on Imagine everything you'll be al to do with more wiggle room in your monthly income. Cast your vote today. ___2.) "We've become accustomed to a new way of being alone together". Technology-enabled, we are able to be another, and also elsewhere. connected to wherever we want to be. We want to customize our lives. We wa move in and out of where we are because the thing we value most is control over where we focus our attent have gotten used to the idea of being in a tribe of one, loval to our own party." - A dialogue by Sherry Turkle ❌NONSENSE➪ REPORT❌​

1.B persuasive

2.C argumentative

hope this helps

Explanation:

you can tell by the tone of language and the way it is written out that the first is persuasive attempting to get you on board so to say, and the second one i can just tell its argumentative from the way it is worded

Related Questions

Mona loved reading Shakespeare's Hamlet, but she knows that Luis found Hamlet boring. Mona's point of view________. O is incorrect: Hamlet is too long and gets very boring. O explains why she and Luis are not friends O is correct: everyone should love Hamlet. O provides a starting place for a discussion with Luis.​

provides a starting place for a discussion with Luis.​

The first option may be incorrect because everyone has different views on things, it's doubted Luis disliking Hamlet due to it being lengthy would change Mona's opinion. Second option, it's not likely someone would not be friends with another just because they disagree on Hamlet. The third option is far from correct, everyone does not have to love Hamlet just because a lot including Mona enjoy it, and her view doesn't say anything about everyone having to like it.

Her point of view provides a starting place for speaking with Luis, perhaps changing Luis from finding it boring to maybe considering it. Luis may still find it boring but they would have had a discussion on why Mona likes it and the good aspects of it despite what may bore Luis.

provides a starting place for a discussion with Luis.

Disagreement about art can be a great way to explore diverse points of view and opinions.

How are some modern biographies and autobiographies different from classic biographies and autobiographies in terms of content? A They tend to stress the ordinariness in the lives of extraordinary people. B They focus more on the ordinary events in the lives of the famous people. C They often are about people who lead relatively ordinary lives and have not done anything famous. D They use exaggerations to make their points.

C They often are about people who lead relatively ordinary lives and have not done anything famous.

In the past, biographies and autobiographies were only written about important people, Kings, or noble men and rarely of the common man. However, in recent times, more autobiographies and biographies have been written about the commoner.

Therefore, some modern biographies and autobiographies are different from classic biographies and autobiographies in terms of content because they often are about people who lead relatively ordinary lives and have not done anything famous.

Please help me, I'll give brainliest!

None of the others make sense.

If someone is disappointed in another person, they aren't going to do something positive for them. They're most likely going to give reasoning as to why they are disappointed or make it clear they are.

What are the central ideas of "How Archaeologists Found the Lost City of Troy"? Select the two correct answers. A. Odysseus concocts the strategy of using a wooden horse to infiltrate Troy. B. Ancient poetry explained the fall of Troy before archaeology could. C. Homer's two epic poems tell the complete true story of Troy's destruction. D. No one in the city of Troy suspects that the wooden horse is a trick.

It makes sense and I took the test

An internal conflict features character vs. character self nature society

An internal conflict is character vs self

I passed 6th grade english

The answer to this question is C.) self

Good luck!!!!!!!!

How does the structure of the story create suspense?

Four factors are necessary for suspense—reader empathy, reader concern, impending danger and escalating tension. We create reader empathy by giving the character a desire, wound or internal struggle that readers can identify with. The more they empathize, the closer their connection with the story will be

Four factors are necessary for suspense—reader empathy, reader concern, impending danger and escalating tension. We create reader empathy by giving the character a desire, wound or internal struggle that readers can identify with. The more they empathize, the closer their connection with the story will beExplanation:

Read this prompt. Create a multimedia presentation for the claim that countries around the world need to increase food production to support a continually growing population. Use research and evidence to support your opinion. Use persuasive techniques and a variety of visual aids in your presentation. Which statement provides the best support for this claim? Large grocery chains are expanding operations, so farms need to fulfill orders from them. Small farmers are getting pushed out so that food production is limited to large farms. On average, 83 million people are added to the world’s population every year. Most farms produce chemical waste that is harmful to the environment and to people.

C. On average, 83 million people are added to the world’s population every year.

(Photo for proof at the bottom.)

Answer C is the best choice because it is implying the fact that the world population is rapidly growing every year. 83 million people per year is a lot. This can make the claim, "countries around the world need to increase food production to support a continually growing population", more credible and supported. Surely, food production has to increase if 83 million people are added every year.

Here's a photo of Edge to make things easier.

The  statement  which provides the best support for this claim is that most farms produce chemical waste that is harmful to the environment and to people.

The natural environment or natural world encompasses all living and non-living things occurring naturally, meaning in this case not artificial. The term is most often applied to the Earth or some parts of Earth. This environment encompasses the interaction of all living species, climate, weather and natural resources that affect human survival and economic activity. The concept of the natural environment can be distinguished as components:

Complete ecological units that function as natural systems without massive civilized human intervention, including all vegetation, microorganisms, soil, rocks , the atmosphere, and natural phenomena that occur within their boundaries and their nature.

Universal natural resources and physical phenomena that lack clear-cut boundaries, such as air, water, and climate, as well as energy, radiation, electric charge, and magnetism, not originating from civilized human actions.

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we should obey the teacher into passive voice​

Teacher should be obeyed by us.

Which of these questions represents a debatable topic?

should schools get rid of standardized testing?

Please complete your question next time

your answers are probably...

What is your favorite subject in school?

Should schools get rid of standardized testing?

How do you correctly study for tests?

Is ice cream better for you than broccoli?

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Please help me with 20,21,22 please someone help me

help pls question is from the book divergent ​

The answers that would make the most sense are Erudite and Dauntless.

I need the best topic to do a speech? and some quote also a beat of introduction

I think the best topic for a speech would be Perseverance. Everything in life is about perseverance, overcoming any and all obstacles in order to achieve your dreams/goals in life. Regardless of how difficult things may get, and they will because thats just life, you need to keep persevering forward and fight for what you want. I think its a great topic and can be incredibly motivational for a speech. One great quote for this would be the following...

"The world ain't all sunshine and rainbows. It's a very mean and nasty place, and I don't care how tough you are, it will beat you to your knees and keep you there permanently if you let it. You, me, or nobody is gonna hit as hard as life. But it ain't about how hard you hit. It's about how hard you can get hit and keep moving forward; how much you can take and keep moving forward. That's how winning is done! Now, if you know what you're worth, then go out and get what you're worth. But you gotta be willing to take the hits, and not pointing fingers saying you ain't where you wanna be because of him, or her, or anybody. Cowards do that and that ain't you. You're better than that!”

― Sylvester Stallone, Rocky Balboa

(Great movie too!)

In the following sentences, add semicolons or replace commas with semicolons where needed. 1. The two sides could not reach an agreement, however, they were willing to meet again. 2. Mr. Harrell, the cook, Mrs. Chang, the gardener, and Ms. Klein, the electrician, were all suspects. 3. We bring our own rackets, shoes, and bottled water, and the balls, I believe, are provided at the gym. 4. The elevator is broken we will have to take the stairs. B In the following sentences, add semicolons or replace commas with semicolons where needed. 1. My uncle has traveled to San Juan, Puerto Rico, London, England, and Madrid, Spain. 2. The spring rains have begun soon the hillside will be covered with wildflowers. 3. Close the lid tightly otherwise, the paint will dry out. 4. I missed several days of school because of illness, as a result, I am behind on my work.

1. The two sides could not reach an agreement; however, they were willing to meet again.

2. Mr. Harrell, the cook; Mrs. Chang, the gardener; and Ms. Klein, the electrician, were all suspects.

3. We bring our own rackets, shoes, and bottled water; and the balls, I believe, are provided at the gym.

4. The elevator is broken; we will have to take the stairs.

B In the following sentences, add semicolons or replace commas with semicolons where needed.

1. My uncle has traveled to San Juan, Puerto Rico; London, England; and Madrid, Spain.

2. The spring rains have begun; soon the hillside will be covered with wildflowers.

3. Close the lid tightly; otherwise, the paint will dry out.

4. I missed several days of school because of illness; as a result, I am behind on my work.

Semicolons are symbols used in writing that signify a pause. While they are not as final as the full stop, they are much stronger than the comma and help us to understand the sequence of things better. Semicolons are used to separate items in a list as well as to separate independent clauses. They can also be used to separate independent clause joined by a conjunction as seen in the first sentence where the two independent sentences are separated by the conjunction, however.

In the second sentence, the use of semicolons help us to recognize the professions applicable to each individual. This is an example of the separation of items in a list.

Context Clues, Prefixes, and Suffixes 1 Identify which is MOST helpful to determine the meaning of the underlined word in each sentence, the prefix of the word the word, or context clues. ITEM BANK: Move to Bottom It is so frustrating to see the total lack of interest and concern our peers have for the recycling program. They couldn't care less. Such apathy! Jadi could not believe that her sister was training so hard, until she learned that Sarah wants to be a triathlete. Ted could not decide if he wanted to be a politician or a musician.. You bet I'm frugal! I save half my paycheck and spend money VERY carefully. Economy is the name of the game. Context Clues Prefixes Suffixes Even though he was generally respons ne Ragin was not very dependable en it came to showing up on time.

The underlined words have been indicated below and the factors that help us to decipher their meanings are provided . The answers are;

Prefixes are words that are coined before the main word with varying dentations.

The "a" in apathy means the lack of something while " pathy" refers to emotions or feelings . This helps us to understand that the people lacked feelings or interest in the recycling program.

Suffixes are added after the main word. " Athlete " in triathlete helps us to know that Sarah wants to be an athlete .

In the last example, frugal is explained by the fact that the narrator hardly spent his money.

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Answer:I took it on Usa Test Prep and got them all right

Explanation:Answer Key as proof.

How did Gandhi personally demonstrate non-cooperation? fasting starting riots supporting government taking up arms

PLS ANSWER THIS QUESTION!

Answer: The answer is D

It is A and B combined. It sounds more  Scientific and like there is research to back up their claim

2. News programs on controversial issues usually encourage viewers to accept one side rather than the other. True False

Answer: most of the time yes

might be wrong

Write about what you can do to promote world peace. What can you do now? What will you be able to do when you are an adult? Is it something important to you?

I would probably promote recycling more, by doing that I would convince more of my neighbours and friends to recycle, and when I'm in adult I would most likely donate to charities that help reviews and reduce Plastic and make better use of it. its Something that's really important to To me since we should protect out planet.

Story: The Giver Which of the following BEST expresses Jonas’s point of view about the upcoming assignment process? 1. Terrified 2. Excited 3. Resistant 4. Compliant

On the day I was born, the Dallas Cowboys won the Super Bowl, at least that is what my parents told me. Once, while I was researching my thesis, I pulled up old issues of the Dallas Morning News on microfilm. None of the papers from the week I was born had any articles about the Cowboys playing in the Super Bowl, much less winning. I never mentioned it to my parents. It would break their hearts. My parents also believe that they took me to my first concert when I was seven years old. It was a Rolling Stones concert. They believe that the event was responsible for my love of The Rolling Stones and my musical talent. Though I do love The Stones and consider myself to be a talented musician, neither has anything to do with that concert, which never happened. The Stones toured when I was four, they toured when I was eleven, but they never toured when I was seven. These are two examples of cherished memories which never happened with me. The rightful owners of these memories are my brother and my parents. These memories are some of my parents' favorites, so I let them enjoy them. It doesn't really matter to me because I like to hear the stories and have my own favorite memories. My parents took me to meet pro skater, Jeff Phillips. They always fostered my musical talent, supported my love of skateboarding, and attended my high school and college graduations. Those are the memories I will cherish always. 1 How does the tone of the passage change from the beginning to the end? A. The tone changes from being melancholic to cheerful. B. The tone changes from being agitated to hopeful. correct - C. The tone changes from being considerate to reflective. D. The tone changes from being irritated to boring.

Based on the given narration about how on the day the was born, the Dallas Cowboys won the Super Bowl, at least that is what his parents told him, the way the tone of the passage changes from the beginning to the end is B. The tone changes from being agitated to hopeful.

This refers to the attitude of an author that he uses when writing in order to influence the general atmosphere of the story, otherwise known as the mood.

Hence, we can see that from the given narration , it is said that the narrator has his brother's memories which his parents erroneously think are his and the tone changes towards the end as he talks about how he met pro skater, Jeff Phillips and how his parents always fostered his musical talent

With this, it can be seen that the correct answer to the question is option B.

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A theme statement for Anne Frank

what does "this change" refer to? choose the word or phrase that completes the idea

what is a poem and a film by an australian about tall poppy syndrome??

"Tall poppy" is the poem and film

I'm pretty sure the poem is the name of the syndrome

What is the central idea of the text? i don't know how to put a picture :) <3

THE CENTERAL IDEA IS THE MAIN PUROSE OF THE TEXT

(main idea)

somebody deleted my comment b/c it was "unhelpful" so ty to whoever reported it! </3

Please help me ASAP thank you <3 Question 1: Change the active voice to passive voice The committee is looking for a solution to the problem Question 2: change the active voice to passive voice Alice has interviewed more than forty people for this job

i am confusion

Identify in which word the apostrophe should be placed in the following sentence. (5 points) Mrs. Travis car is due to have its oil changed next week. Group of answer choices Travis's car's it's Mrs.'s

When used to include direct quotes in a report, what is the MAIN purpose of a "tag phrase?" to help readers find related quotes in the paper to indicate who said or wrote the direct quote to summarize the quote's main idea to make the direct quote more memorable

This will help readers find related quotes in the paper. It will make the direct quote more memorable. It will tell the audience who said or wrote the quote. It will summarize the direct quote's main point.

The main purpose of a “ tag phrase ”  is to help the readers find related quotes in the paper . Thus, option A is correct .

A report is a formally written document that has various points of view into consideration. It is an elaboration on the given topic with all the details and its relation to the other topic that crosses it too. It is often created by students, college kids, or higher-level officers.

The main purpose of using the Tag phrase in a report is to make the phrase verified and said by that particular author. that phrase is typically given the credit that it is being taken from this person or from this book.

It also creates a sense of emphasis on the given text and that the text or phrase taken is not edited, or the meaning is not changed. Therefore, option A is the correct option.

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Write an essay explaining the effect of one new technology on people's lives.​

What is the purpose of a literary analysis?

the person above me is correct

Why was Henry VIII so disappointed in both Katharine and Anne for bearing daughters instead of sons? Provide an explanation for hereditary government and elected government. Tell whether you agree or disagree with each.

in the times the reason all  kings needed male children is beacuse the crown had only been held by a male. So for henry's first born and second born not counting the children coming from mistresses this is not very good odds And with the amounts of stillborn and miscarried children he had from those wifes he needed a new wife not realizing it was something wrong with himself in the bedroom. So he moved on to Jane Seymour who did bare a male child but she died during the 22 hours of childbirth.  

What makes argumentative, persuasive, and informative essays helpful in writing a research

Anne2023 is waiting for your help., expert-verified answer.

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These essays improve research by presenting evidence , persuading readers, and providing organized information on the topic. Argumentative, persuasive, and informative essays are helpful in research writing as they serve different purposes to convey information effectively.

Argumentative essays focus on presenting evidence and reasoning to support a particular stance, honing critical thinking and analysis skills.

Persuasive essays aim to convince readers using logical arguments and emotional appeal, improving communication and persuasion abilities.

Informative essays provide structured, factual information on a subject, allowing writers to develop clear and concise explanations.

Utilizing these essay types in research writing enhances the presentation, organization, and clarity of ideas, leading to a comprehensive and impactful piece.

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