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How to Write a Term Paper From Start to Finish

The term paper, often regarded as the culmination of a semester's hard work, is a rite of passage for students in pursuit of higher education. Here's an interesting fact to kick things off: Did you know that the term paper's origins can be traced back to ancient Greece, where scholars like Plato and Aristotle utilized written works to explore and document their philosophical musings? Just as these great minds once wrote their thoughts on parchment, you, too, can embark on this intellectual voyage with confidence and skill.

How to Write a Term Paper: Short Description

In this article, we'll delve into the core purpose of this kind of assignment – to showcase your understanding of a subject, your research abilities, and your capacity to communicate complex ideas effectively. But it doesn't stop there. We'll also guide you in the art of creating a well-structured term paper format, a roadmap that will not only keep you on track but also ensure your ideas flow seamlessly and logically. Packed with valuable tips on writing, organization, and time management, this resource promises to equip you with the tools needed to excel in your academic writing.

Understanding What Is a Term Paper

A term paper, a crucial component of your college education, is often assigned towards the conclusion of a semester. It's a vehicle through which educators gauge your comprehension of the course content. Imagine it as a bridge between what you've learned in class and your ability to apply that knowledge to real-world topics.

For instance, in a history course, you might be asked to delve into the causes and consequences of a significant historical event, such as World War II. In a psychology class, your term paper might explore the effects of stress on mental health, or in an environmental science course, you could analyze the impact of climate change on a specific region.

Writing a term paper isn't just about summarizing facts. It requires a blend of organization, deep research, and the art of presenting your findings in a way that's both clear and analytical. This means structuring your arguments logically, citing relevant sources, and critically evaluating the information you've gathered.

For further guidance, we've prepared an insightful guide for you authored by our expert essay writer . It's brimming with practical tips and valuable insights to help you stand out in this academic endeavor and earn the recognition you deserve.

How to Start a Term Paper

Before you start, keep the guidelines for the term paper format firmly in mind. If you have any doubts, don't hesitate to reach out to your instructor for clarification before you begin your research and writing process. And remember, procrastination is your worst enemy in this endeavor. If you're aiming to produce an exceptional piece and secure a top grade, it's essential to plan ahead and allocate dedicated time each day to work on it. Now, let our term paper writing services provide you with some valuable tips to help you on your journey:

• Hone Your Topic : Start by cultivating a learning mindset that empowers you to effectively organize your thoughts. Discover how to research a topic in the section below.
• Hook Your Readers: Initiate a brainstorming session and unleash a barrage of creative ideas to captivate your audience right from the outset. Pose intriguing questions, share compelling anecdotes, offer persuasive statistics, and more.
• Craft a Concise Thesis Statement Example : If you find yourself struggling to encapsulate the main idea of your paper in just a sentence or two, it's time to revisit your initial topic and consider narrowing it down.
• Understand Style Requirements: Your work must adhere to specific formatting guidelines. Delve into details about the APA format and other pertinent regulations in the section provided.
• Delve Deeper with Research : Equipped with a clearer understanding of your objectives, dive into your subject matter with a discerning eye. Ensure that you draw from reputable and reliable sources.
• Begin Writing: Don't obsess over perfection from the get-go. Just start writing, and don't worry about initial imperfections. You can always revise or remove those early sentences later. The key is to initiate the term papers as soon as you've amassed sufficient information.

Ace your term paper with EssayPro 's expert help. Our academic professionals are here to guide you through every step, ensuring your term paper is well-researched, structured, and written to the highest standards.

Term Paper Topics

Selecting the right topic for your term paper is a critical step, one that can significantly impact your overall experience and the quality of your work. While instructors sometimes provide specific topics, there are instances when you have the freedom to choose your own. To guide you on how to write a term paper, consider the following factors when deciding on your dissertation topics :

• Relevance to Assignment Length: Begin by considering the required length of your paper. Whether it's a substantial 10-page paper or a more concise 5-page one, understanding the word count will help you determine the appropriate scope for your subject. This will inform whether your topic should be broad or more narrowly focused.
• Availability of Resources : Investigate the resources at your disposal. Check your school or community library for books and materials that can support your research. Additionally, explore online sources to ensure you have access to a variety of reference materials.
• Complexity and Clarity : Ensure you can effectively explain your chosen topic, regardless of how complex it may seem. If you encounter areas that are challenging to grasp fully, don't hesitate to seek guidance from experts or your professor. Clarity and understanding are key to producing a well-structured term paper.
• Avoiding Overused Concepts : Refrain from choosing overly trendy or overused topics. Mainstream subjects often fail to captivate the interest of your readers or instructors, as they can lead to repetitive content. Instead, opt for a unique angle or approach that adds depth to your paper.
• Manageability and Passion : While passion can drive your choice of topic, it's important to ensure that it is manageable within the given time frame and with the available resources. If necessary, consider scaling down a topic that remains intriguing and motivating to you, ensuring it aligns with your course objectives and personal interests.

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Term Paper Outline

Before embarking on the journey of writing a term paper, it's crucial to establish a well-structured outline. Be mindful of any specific formatting requirements your teacher may have in mind, as these will guide your outline's structure. Here's a basic format to help you get started:

• Cover Page: Begin with a cover page featuring your name, course number, teacher's name, and the deadline date, centered at the top.
• Abstract: Craft a concise summary of your work that informs readers about your paper's topic, its significance, and the key points you'll explore.
• Introduction: Commence your term paper introduction with a clear and compelling statement of your chosen topic. Explain why it's relevant and outline your approach to addressing it.
• Body: This section serves as the meat of academic papers, where you present the primary findings from your research. Provide detailed information about the topic to enhance the reader's understanding. Ensure you incorporate various viewpoints on the issue and conduct a thorough analysis of your research.
• Results: Share the insights and conclusions that your research has led you to. Discuss any shifts in your perspective or understanding that have occurred during the course of your project.
• Discussion: Conclude your term paper with a comprehensive summary of the topic and your findings. You can wrap up with a thought-provoking question or encourage readers to explore the subject further through their own research.

How to Write a Term Paper with 5 Steps

Before you begin your term paper, it's crucial to understand what a term paper proposal entails. This proposal serves as your way to introduce and justify your chosen topic to your instructor, and it must gain approval before you start writing the actual paper.

In your proposal, include recent studies or research related to your topic, along with proper references. Clearly explain the topic's relevance to your course, outline your objectives, and organize your ideas effectively. This helps your instructor grasp your term paper's direction. If needed, you can also seek assistance from our expert writers and buy term paper .

Draft the Abstract

The abstract is a critical element while writing a term paper, and it plays a crucial role in piquing the reader's interest. To create a captivating abstract, consider these key points from our dissertation writing service :

• Conciseness: Keep it short and to the point, around 150-250 words. No need for lengthy explanations.
• Highlight Key Elements: Summarize the problem you're addressing, your research methods, and primary findings or conclusions. For instance, if your paper discusses the impact of social media on mental health, mention your research methods and significant findings.
• Engagement: Make your abstract engaging. Use language that draws readers in. For example, if your paper explores the effects of artificial intelligence on the job market, you might begin with a question like, 'Is AI revolutionizing our work landscape, or should we prepare for the robots to take over?'
• Clarity: Avoid excessive jargon or technical terms to ensure accessibility to a wider audience.

Craft the Introduction

The introduction sets the stage for your entire term paper and should engage readers from the outset. To craft an intriguing introduction, consider these tips:

• Hook Your Audience: Start with a captivating hook, such as a thought-provoking question or a compelling statistic. For example, if your paper explores the impact of smartphone addiction, you could begin with, 'Can you remember the last time you went a whole day without checking your phone?'
• State Your Purpose: Clearly state the purpose of your paper and its relevance. If your term paper is about renewable energy's role in combating climate change, explain why this topic is essential in today's world.
• Provide a Roadmap: Briefly outline how your paper is structured. For instance, if your paper discusses the benefits of mindfulness meditation, mention that you will explore its effects on stress reduction, emotional well-being, and cognitive performance.
• Thesis Statement: Conclude your introduction with a concise thesis statement that encapsulates the central argument or message of your paper. In the case of a term paper on the impact of online education, your thesis might be: 'Online education is revolutionizing learning by providing accessibility, flexibility, and innovative teaching methods.'

Develop the Body Sections: Brainstorming Concepts and Content

Generate ideas and compose text: body sections.

The body of your term paper is where you present your research, arguments, and analysis. To generate ideas and write engaging text in the body sections, consider these strategies from our research paper writer :

• Structure Your Ideas: Organize your paper into sections or paragraphs, each addressing a specific aspect of your topic. For example, if your term paper explores the impact of social media on interpersonal relationships, you might have sections on communication patterns, privacy concerns, and emotional well-being.
• Support with Evidence: Back up your arguments with credible evidence, such as data, research findings, or expert opinions. For instance, when discussing the effects of social media on mental health, you can include statistics on social media usage and its correlation with anxiety or depression.
• Offer Diverse Perspectives: Acknowledge and explore various viewpoints on the topic. When writing about the pros and cons of genetic engineering, present both the potential benefits, like disease prevention, and the ethical concerns associated with altering human genetics.
• Use Engaging Examples: Incorporate real-life examples to illustrate your points. If your paper discusses the consequences of climate change, share specific instances of extreme weather events or environmental degradation to make the topic relatable.
• Ask Thought-Provoking Questions: Integrate questions throughout your text to engage readers and stimulate critical thinking. In a term paper on the future of artificial intelligence, you might ask, 'How will AI impact job markets and the concept of work in the coming years?'

Formulate the Conclusion

The conclusion section should provide a satisfying wrap-up of your arguments and insights. To craft a compelling term paper example conclusion, follow these steps:

• Revisit Your Thesis: Begin by restating your thesis statement. This reinforces the central message of your paper. For example, if your thesis is about the importance of biodiversity conservation, reiterate that biodiversity is crucial for ecological balance and human well-being.
• Summarize Key Points: Briefly recap the main points you've discussed in the body of your paper. For instance, if you've been exploring the impact of globalization on local economies, summarize the effects on industries, job markets, and cultural diversity.
• Emphasize Your Main Argument: Reaffirm the significance of your thesis and the overall message of your paper. Discuss why your findings are important or relevant in a broader context. If your term paper discusses the advantages of renewable energy, underscore its potential to combat climate change and reduce our reliance on fossil fuels.
• Offer a Thoughtful Reflection: Share your own reflections or insights about the topic. How has your understanding evolved during your research? Have you uncovered any unexpected findings or implications? If your paper discusses the future of space exploration, consider what it means for humanity's quest to explore the cosmos.
• End with Impact: Conclude your term paper with a powerful closing statement. You can leave the reader with a thought-provoking question, a call to action, or a reflection on the broader implications of your topic. For instance, if your paper is about the ethics of artificial intelligence, you could finish by asking, 'As AI continues to advance, what ethical considerations will guide our choices and decisions?'

Edit and Enhance the Initial Draft

After completing your initial draft, the revision and polishing phase is essential for improving your paper. Here's how to refine your work efficiently:

• Take a Break: Step back and return to your paper with a fresh perspective.
• Structure Check: Ensure your paper flows logically and transitions smoothly from the introduction to the conclusion.
• Clarity and Conciseness: Trim excess words for clarity and precision.
• Grammar and Style: Proofread for errors and ensure consistent style.
• Citations and References: Double-check your citations and reference list.
• Peer Review: Seek feedback from peers or professors for valuable insights.
• Enhance Intro and Conclusion: Make your introduction and conclusion engaging and impactful.
• Coherence Check: Ensure your arguments support your thesis consistently.
• Read Aloud: Reading your paper aloud helps identify issues.
• Final Proofread: Perform a thorough proofread to catch any remaining errors.

Term Paper Format

When formatting your term paper, consider its length and the required citation style, which depends on your research topic. Proper referencing is crucial to avoid plagiarism in academic writing. Common citation styles include APA and MLA.

If unsure how to cite term paper for social sciences, use the APA format, including the author's name, book title, publication year, publisher, and location when citing a book.

For liberal arts and humanities, MLA is common, requiring the publication name, date, and location for referencing.

Adhering to the appropriate term paper format and citation style ensures an organized and academically sound paper. Follow your instructor's guidelines for a polished and successful paper.

Term Paper Example

To access our term paper example, simply click the button below.

The timeline of events from 1776 to 1861, that, in the end, prompted the American Civil War, describes and relates to a number of subjects modern historians acknowledge as the origins and causes of the Civil War. In fact, pre-Civil War events had both long-term and short-term influences on the War—such as the election of Abraham Lincoln as the American president in 1860 that led to the Fall of Fort Sumter in April of the same year. In that period, contentions that surrounded states’ rights progressively exploded in Congress—since they were the initial events that formed after independence. Congress focused on resolving significant issues that affected the states, which led to further issues. In that order, the US’s history from 1776 to 1861 provides a rich history, as politicians brought forth dissimilarities, dissections, and tensions between the Southern US & the people of slave states, and the Northern states that were loyal to the Union. The events that unfolded from the period of 1776 to 1861 involved a series of issues because they promoted the great sectional crisis that led to political divisions and the build-up to the Civil War that made the North and the South seem like distinctive and timeless regions that predated the crisis itself.

Final Thoughts

In closing, approach the task of writing term papers with determination and a positive outlook. Begin well in advance, maintain organization, and have faith in your capabilities. Don't hesitate to seek assistance if required, and express your individual perspective with confidence. You're more than capable of succeeding in this endeavor!

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What is the Difference between a Term Paper and a Research Paper?

What is the fastest way to write a term paper.

Daniel Parker

is a seasoned educational writer focusing on scholarship guidance, research papers, and various forms of academic essays including reflective and narrative essays. His expertise also extends to detailed case studies. A scholar with a background in English Literature and Education, Daniel’s work on EssayPro blog aims to support students in achieving academic excellence and securing scholarships. His hobbies include reading classic literature and participating in academic forums.

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VU Moaaz Mid Term Past Papers

Moaaz Siddique, a brilliant student of the  Virtual University Of Pakistan , has completed a Master’s in Computer Science. He is from Faisalabad. Moaaz not only solved Objectives Papers but also solved the subjective Past Papers with References by handouts page. 

Are you searching for  Moaaz All Subjects Mid term papers.  You may also find me a student of the virtual university. I completed a master’s degree in computer science with good marks.  Past papers,  especially those from Mooaz are a great source of information to help you complete your degree with the highest grade.

StudySolution  is a Helping Platform for Students of the  Virtual University Of Pakistan.   Here you can find out Handouts of All subjects.  VU Mid Term Exam Papers. VU Final terrm Exam Papers. Assignment Solutions. Midterm Quiz’s With Solutions. Final term Quiz’s with Solution.  Solved Moaaz Past Papers.  How do you download the past papers? You can get the  Moaaz Mid term papers  by clicking on a link. This is much easier and more efficient.

VU Mid Term Past Papers

Hello! Are you finding  VU Mid Term Past Papers ? Here are my details  moaaz past papers  I am here for you. I’m sorry you are having to work all day. We are here to help you prepare for the exam in the most efficient way possible.   VU  Students that provide the right information, trustworthy study material, and trusted news for them.

You are looking for free past papers from Virtual University (VU), by  Moaaz?  VU Mid Term past paper  are a great way to verify the status of your books. The majority of students are not ready for the exam. They have not listened or read the reference books and handouts, nor have they listened to the video lectures.

The best way to get the highest marks in the exams at  Virtual university  is to prepare the  Vu Midl term papers .

Get Virtual University (VU), Mid Term Past Papers

Moaaz has a collection of  VU Past Papers  that you can get. It includes both subjective papers and objective papers. Each paper is approximately 30-40 pages long.   Moaaz’s most recent Papers  are included. However, important papers have been provided by other students. These papers can be used for codes CS, ENG and FIN. The latest  Moaaz Past papers  are available for 2021.

In this section students can find VU Moaaz Mid Term Past Papers of all subject. Here you students can explore Moaaz past papers Stay with us .  Find all old papers which you need. You can also contact us for any problem. Keep visiting StudySolution.

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Fundamentals of auditing and business (acc).

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Human Resources(HRM)

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MCM101    MCM301

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MGT101     MGT201     MGT211     MGT301     MGT401     MGT402     MGT411     MGT501     MGT502     MGT503     MGT510     MGT601    MGT602     MGT603    MGT610    MGT611     MGT613

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What Are Midterm Papers

Many professors decide to use midterm papers as a way to assess your understanding of the subjects covered in class. Any student who understands the significance of midterm papers often feels pressure related to an assignment of this nature, and for good reason. They can have a big effect on your grade while demonstrating what you have learned so far.

How to Structure a Common Midterm Paper?

Some students think that writing a midterm paper is a real headache. Actually, most professors assign it just to see what their students have learned during the first half of the course. To demonstrate it, you need to correctly structure your midterm paper. Usually, professors outline their main requirements. Follow them, and you will be able to get a high score for your assignment. A good midterm paper usually consists of:

• Introduction. All term papers need a good introduction. Otherwise, the impression will be spoiled immediately. Start with some interesting hooks. A midterm paper should also contain the formulation of a research question. Add the reasons you would give for formulating these questions. 
• Body of the paper. The body of the paper is where students present the most important information. It should be divided into several sections. The information here confirms the statement in the introductory section. That's why it's better to add a few examples here. Then your professor will understand how they relate back to the topic sentence and the claim itself. In this section, it is also important to show correct and logical argumentation within the field of research. Use a comparison of different theories, critical reflection of secondary literature, and presentation of different approaches.
• The conclusion should not take up more than 10% of your paper. It can be one paragraph in length, and it should restate the thesis statement. This section should also contain some kind of suggested actions: a call to action, a final question, or some final words of wisdom. A short and precise summary of your findings is the most important thing that should be in this paragraph.
• Documentation and formatting. The use of footnotes and references in the bibliography should be consistent. This will be determined by your college professor. 

The paper must meet at least 3,000 words. The word count doesn’t include the title page, abstract, or references page. There is no word maximum.

Academic Language

The tone used in academic writing is usually formal. This means that you should avoid colloquial speech while writing a midterm paper. If this is difficult for you, try reading books or articles, and see how they use the language.

For example, ‘international business heavyweights’ is too informal. Better wording would be ‘leading international businesses’ or ‘international business leaders’.

General Recommendations

There are a few more tips for writing a high-quality midterm paper:

• Gather everything you’ll need. Refer to a sufficient number of up-to-date sources. You can only arrive at a well-founded midterm paper if you have consulted a sufficient number of them. Regardless of the paper topic, have all the information on hand. Then it will be easier for you to focus and generate ideas for your work. Once you sit down to write, you don’t want to get up again and lose your focus or spend too much time searching for something.
• Write the appropriate thesis statement. If you realize that you have little argumentation for a thesis, do not think about it. Choose the option for which you have different sources. Otherwise, searching for information can take a lot of time, and you will break the deadline.
• If you refer to the works of others in your text, you should use what is known as a parenthetical citation (and not footnotes). Place all the relevant source information in parentheses after a quote or a paraphrase. Use the footnotes only for the information which would be included in your paper, but will disrupt the coherence of your argument.
• Search for a sample on the Internet. They are usually placed on academic homepages, university websites or writing sites. A good example helps to understand how to write such an academic paper. Other students will often know exactly how frustrated you are feeling and may well be very happy to offer their experiences and give you examples of their past work.

What Are Midterm Papers Services?

While searching for a paper format on the Internet, students also come across the writing services. Indeed, such an option exists. When there is not enough time, they turn to professional writers for help. For example, it is convenient when you have a full-time job or need to look after relatives. You can use any approach — write it yourself or ask for help. If you choose the first option, use the tips from this article, and you will be able to create a worthy paper.

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Recommended for you

The 17 easy steps to writing a midterm paper, some helpful tips and tricks that really get the creative juices flowing.

Midterms: they steal our energy, our sanity, and our very life-force every semester. The Midterm Paper ( Thesius perilus ) is of a similar breed to the Final Paper ( Thesius unholius ). But without the promise of summer's sweet relief behind the corner, the midterm can be even deadlier. Here are some tips for writing a perfect midterm paper on time! The trick is to break everything down into small, manageable steps, as I demonstrate below.

Let's write that essay!

1. Choose a prompt.

Stare at your computer screen. Let a single tear drip down your pallid cheek. Decide on whichever prompt will let you sneak in more feminist textual analysis.

2. Read the question carefully.

Highlight keywords. Highlight every word. Doesn't that feel productive? Keep highlighting.

3. Stop highlighting.

You will never stop highlighting.

4. Actually read the book.

You read about half of "The Jew of Malta," because you're in eight other classes and you needed time to catch up on "Master of None. " You wonder if you could do a comparison essay between "The Jew of Malte" and "Master of None." Both contain themes of alienation and engage with cultural stereotypes. Think about this for 15 minutes.

5. Watch another episode of "Master of None."

Are there really only ten episodes? Jesus.

7. Go get dinner.

You wasted the entire afternoon and are a terrible person. Some food in your system will help you think clearly.

6. Develop a thesis.

Unfortunately, you're already in line to get pasta at the dining hall. This will require another two hours of your time, minimum.

7. Write an outline.

You would, but someone invites you to watch an episode of "In The Flesh" after dinner. You think, ' Isn't this college ?' You think, ' Aren't I supposed to be irresponsible sometimes?' Decline the offer, but feel terrible about it. You are not living your Best Life and this essay is to blame.

8. Cry on your dorm room floor.

You have clearly failed everyone in every way possible. You probably should have picked a different major, like Making Fart Noises and Wearing Diapers, because you are an infant instead of a responsible adult.

9. Realize you need to vacuum the floor.

Vacuum up the Dorito dust and dead leaves out of your carpet. Water your plants. Scrub the sink. Clean the entire room. You're being productive!

10. Check the clock.

It's 11:23. The essay is due at 9 am tomorrow morning. Which means you have a whole 9 hours to write it! Easy.

12. Feel the cold grip of despair.

Oh god , you're never going to get this done. Just give up now. Take to the hills.

11. Look up "motivational puppies" on Google images.

There, this is helping.

12. Make a sacrifice to the Dark Ones.

You were trying to go vegan this week, but you already ruined your streak with the pasta. Might as well spill some blood, engage in some unholy rites and see if any demonic beings will help you finish this essay.

13. Summon the Devil Himself.

How presumptuous of you. Satan is a femme-presenting nonbinary entity, and they are gently disappointed in you for procrastinating. Apologize to Satan. Watch them disappear in a whiff of sulfur and -- is that vanilla? There's a scorch mark on your carpet, but no vacuum will get it out.

14. Write the paper.

First look up a BuzzFeed article on "how to stop procrastinating." Do a few jumping jacks. Check on your Neko Atsume cats. Oh hey, Billy the Kitten gave you a memento!

15. WRITE THE PAPER.

16. proofread the paper..

Right. "Proofread."

17. Turn in the paper.

All is bliss, the shadows have lifted. Somewhere, a songbird gently croons "Ave Maria" to its hatchlings. You are free.

You are free.

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25 beatles lyrics: your go-to guide for every situation, the best lines from the fab four.

For as long as I can remember, I have been listening to The Beatles. Every year, my mom would appropriately blast “Birthday” on anyone’s birthday. I knew all of the words to “Back In The U.S.S.R” by the time I was 5 (Even though I had no idea what or where the U.S.S.R was). I grew up with John, Paul, George, and Ringo instead Justin, JC, Joey, Chris and Lance (I had to google N*SYNC to remember their names). The highlight of my short life was Paul McCartney in concert twice. I’m not someone to “fangirl” but those days I fangirled hard. The music of The Beatles has gotten me through everything. Their songs have brought me more joy, peace, and comfort. I can listen to them in any situation and find what I need. Here are the best lyrics from The Beatles for every and any occasion.

And in the end, the love you take is equal to the love you make

The End- Abbey Road, 1969

The sun is up, the sky is blue, it's beautiful and so are you

Dear Prudence- The White Album, 1968

Love is old, love is new, love is all, love is you

Because- Abbey Road, 1969

There's nowhere you can be that isn't where you're meant to be

All You Need Is Love, 1967

Life is very short, and there's no time for fussing and fighting, my friend

We Can Work It Out- Rubber Soul, 1965

He say, "I know you, you know me", One thing I can tell you is you got to be free

Come Together- Abbey Road, 1969

Oh please, say to me, You'll let me be your man. And please say to me, You'll let me hold your hand

I Wanna Hold Your Hand- Meet The Beatles!, 1964

It was twenty years ago today, Sgt. Pepper taught the band to play. They've been going in and out of style, but they're guaranteed to raise a smile

Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band-1967

Living is easy with eyes closed, misunderstanding all you see

Strawberry Fields Forever- Magical Mystery Tour, 1967

Can you hear me? When it rains and shine, it's just a state of mind

Rain- Paperback Writer "B" side, 1966

Little darling, it's been long cold lonely winter. Little darling, it feels like years since it' s been here. Here comes the sun, Here comes the sun, and I say it's alright

Here Comes The Sun- Abbey Road, 1969

We danced through the night and we held each other tight, and before too long I fell in love with her. Now, I'll never dance with another when I saw her standing there

Saw Her Standing There- Please Please Me, 1963

I love you, I love you, I love you, that's all I want to say

Michelle- Rubber Soul, 1965

You say you want a revolution. Well you know, we all want to change the world

Revolution- The Beatles, 1968

All the lonely people, where do they all come from. All the lonely people, where do they all belong

Eleanor Rigby- Revolver, 1966

Oh, I get by with a little help from my friends

With A Little Help From My Friends- Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, 1967

Hey Jude, don't make it bad. Take a sad song and make it better

Hey Jude, 1968

Yesterday, all my troubles seemed so far away. Now it looks as though they're here to stay. Oh, I believe in yesterday

Yesterday- Help!, 1965

And when the brokenhearted people, living in the world agree, there will be an answer, let it be.

Let It Be- Let It Be, 1970

And anytime you feel the pain, Hey Jude, refrain. Don't carry the world upon your shoulders

I'll give you all i got to give if you say you'll love me too. i may not have a lot to give but what i got i'll give to you. i don't care too much for money. money can't buy me love.

Can't Buy Me Love- A Hard Day's Night, 1964

All you need is love, love is all you need

All You Need Is Love- Magical Mystery Tour, 1967

Whisper words of wisdom, let it be

Blackbird singing in the dead of night, take these broken wings and learn to fly. all your life, you were only waiting for this moment to arise.

Blackbird- The White Album, 1968

Though I know I'll never lose affection, for people and things that went before. I know I'll often stop and think about them. In my life, I love you more

In My Life- Rubber Soul, 1965

While these are my 25 favorites, there are quite literally 1000s that could have been included. The Beatles' body of work is massive and there is something for everyone. If you have been living under a rock and haven't discovered the Fab Four, you have to get musically educated. Stream them on Spotify, find them on iTunes or even buy a CD or record (Yes, those still exist!). I would suggest starting with 1, which is a collection of most of their #1 songs, or the 1968 White Album. Give them chance and you'll never look back.

14 Invisible Activities: Unleash Your Inner Ghost!

Obviously the best superpower..

The best superpower ever? Being invisible of course. Imagine just being able to go from seen to unseen on a dime. Who wouldn't want to have the opportunity to be invisible? Superman and Batman have nothing on being invisible with their superhero abilities. Here are some things that you could do while being invisible, because being invisible can benefit your social life too.

1. "Haunt" your friends.

Follow them into their house and cause a ruckus.

2. Sneak into movie theaters.

Going to the cinema alone is good for your mental health , says science

Considering that the monthly cost of subscribing to a media-streaming service like Netflix is oft...

Free movies...what else to I have to say?

3. Sneak into the pantry and grab a snack without judgment.

Late night snacks all you want? Duh.

4. Reenact "Hollow Man" and play Kevin Bacon.

America's favorite son? And feel what it's like to be in a MTV Movie Award nominated film? Sign me up.

5. Wear a mask and pretend to be a floating head.

Just another way to spook your friends in case you wanted to.

6. Hold objects so they'll "float."

"Oh no! A floating jar of peanut butter."

7. Win every game of hide-and-seek.

Just stand out in the open and you'll win.

8. Eat some food as people will watch it disappear.

Even everyday activities can be funny.

9. Go around pantsing your friends.

Even pranks can be done; not everything can be good.

10. Not have perfect attendance.

You'll say here, but they won't see you...

11. Avoid anyone you don't want to see.

Whether it's an ex or someone you hate, just use your invisibility to slip out of the situation.

12. Avoid responsibilities.

Chores? Invisible. People asking about social life? Invisible. Family being rude? Boom, invisible.

13. Be an expert on ding-dong-ditch.

Never get caught and have the adrenaline rush? I'm down.

14. Brag about being invisible.

Be the envy of the town.

But don't, I repeat, don't go in a locker room. Don't be a pervert with your power. No one likes a Peeping Tom.

Good luck, folks.

19 Lessons I'll Never Forget from Growing Up In a Small Town

There have been many lessons learned..

Small towns certainly have their pros and cons. Many people who grow up in small towns find themselves counting the days until they get to escape their roots and plant new ones in bigger, "better" places. And that's fine. I'd be lying if I said I hadn't thought those same thoughts before too. We all have, but they say it's important to remember where you came from. When I think about where I come from, I can't help having an overwhelming feeling of gratitude for my roots. Being from a small town has taught me so many important lessons that I will carry with me for the rest of my life.

1. The importance of traditions.

Sometimes traditions seem like a silly thing, but the fact of it is that it's part of who you are. You grew up this way and, more than likely, so did your parents. It is something that is part of your family history and that is more important than anything.

2. How to be thankful for family and friends.

No matter how many times they get on your nerves or make you mad, they are the ones who will always be there and you should never take that for granted.

3. How to give back.

When tragedy strikes in a small town, everyone feels obligated to help out because, whether directly or indirectly, it affects you too. It is easy in a bigger city to be able to disconnect from certain problems. But in a small town those problems affect everyone.

4. What the word "community" really means.

Along the same lines as #3, everyone is always ready and willing to lend a helping hand when you need one in a small town and to me that is the true meaning of community. It's working together to build a better atmosphere, being there to raise each other up, build each other up, and pick each other up when someone is in need. A small town community is full of endless support whether it be after a tragedy or at a hometown sports game. Everyone shows up to show their support.

5. That it isn't about the destination, but the journey.

People say this to others all the time, but it takes on a whole new meaning in a small town. It is true that life is about the journey, but when you're from a small town, you know it's about the journey because the journey probably takes longer than you spend at the destination. Everything is so far away that it is totally normal to spend a couple hours in the car on your way to some form of entertainment. And most of the time, you're gonna have as many, if not more, memories and laughs on the journey than at the destination.

6. The consequences of making bad choices.

Word travels fast in a small town, so don't think you're gonna get away with anything. In fact, your parents probably know what you did before you even have a chance to get home and tell them. And forget about being scared of what your teacher, principle, or other authority figure is going to do, you're more afraid of what your parents are gonna do when you get home.

7. To trust people, until you have a reason not to.

Everyone deserves a chance. Most people don't have ill-intentions and you can't live your life guarding against every one else just because a few people in your life have betrayed your trust.

8. To be welcoming and accepting of everyone.

While small towns are not always extremely diverse, they do contain people with a lot of different stories, struggle, and backgrounds. In a small town, it is pretty hard to exclude anyone because of who they are or what they come from because there aren't many people to choose from. A small town teaches you that just because someone isn't the same as you, doesn't mean you can't be great friends.

9. How to be my own, individual person.

In a small town, you learn that it's okay to be who you are and do your own thing. You learn that confidence isn't how beautiful you are or how much money you have, it's who you are on the inside.

10. How to work for what I want.

Nothing comes easy in life. They always say "gardens don't grow overnight" and if you're from a small town you know this both figuratively and literally. You certainly know gardens don't grow overnight because you've worked in a garden or two. But you also know that to get to the place you want to be in life it takes work and effort. It doesn't just happen because you want it to.

11. How to be great at giving directions.

If you're from a small town, you know that you will probably only meet a handful of people in your life who ACTUALLY know where your town is. And forget about the people who accidentally enter into your town because of google maps. You've gotten really good at giving them directions right back to the interstate.

12. How to be humble .

My small town has definitely taught me how to be humble. It isn't always about you, and anyone who grows up in a small town knows that. Everyone gets their moment in the spotlight, and since there's so few of us, we're probably best friends with everyone so we are as excited when they get their moment of fame as we are when we get ours.

13. To be well-rounded.

Going to a small town high school definitely made me well-rounded. There isn't enough kids in the school to fill up all the clubs and sports teams individually so be ready to be a part of them all.

14. How to be great at conflict resolution.

In a small town, good luck holding a grudge. In a bigger city you can just avoid a person you don't like or who you've had problems with. But not in a small town. You better resolve the issue fast because you're bound to see them at least 5 times a week.

15. The beauty of getting outside and exploring.

One of my favorite things about growing up in a rural area was being able to go outside and go exploring and not have to worry about being in danger. There is nothing more exciting then finding a new place somewhere in town or in the woods and just spending time there enjoying the natural beauty around you.

16. To be prepared for anything.

You never know what may happen. If you get a flat tire, you better know how to change it yourself because you never know if you will be able to get ahold of someone else to come fix it. Mechanics might be too busy , or more than likely you won't even have enough cell service to call one.

17. That you don't always have to do it alone.

It's okay to ask for help. One thing I realized when I moved away from my town for college, was how much my town has taught me that I could ask for help is I needed it. I got into a couple situations outside of my town where I couldn't find anyone to help me and found myself thinking, if I was in my town there would be tons of people ready to help me. And even though I couldn't find anyone to help, you better believe I wasn't afraid to ask.

18. How to be creative.

When you're at least an hour away from normal forms of entertainment such as movie theaters and malls, you learn to get real creative in entertaining yourself. Whether it be a night looking at the stars in the bed of a pickup truck or having a movie marathon in a blanket fort at home, you know how to make your own good time.

19. To brush off gossip.

It's all about knowing the person you are and not letting others influence your opinion of yourself. In small towns, there is plenty of gossip. But as long as you know who you really are, it will always blow over.

Grateful Beyond Words: A Letter to My Inspiration

I have never been so thankful to know you..

I can't say "thank you" enough to express how grateful I am for you coming into my life. You have made such a huge impact on my life. I would not be the person I am today without you and I know that you will keep inspiring me to become an even better version of myself.

You have taught me that you don't always have to strong. You are allowed to break down as long as you pick yourself back up and keep moving forward. When life had you at your worst moments, you allowed your friends to be there for you and to help you. You let them in and they helped pick you up. Even in your darkest hour you showed so much strength. I know that you don't believe in yourself as much as you should but you are unbelievably strong and capable of anything you set your mind to.

Your passion to make a difference in the world is unbelievable. You put your heart and soul into your endeavors and surpass any personal goal you could have set. Watching you do what you love and watching you make a difference in the lives of others is an incredible experience. The way your face lights up when you finally realize what you have accomplished is breathtaking and I hope that one day I can have just as much passion you have.

SEE MORE: A Letter To My Best Friend On Her Birthday

The love you have for your family is outstanding. Watching you interact with loved ones just makes me smile . You are so comfortable and you are yourself. I see the way you smile when you are around family and I wish I could see you smile like this everyday. You love with all your heart and this quality is something I wished I possessed.

You inspire me to be the best version of myself. I look up to you. I feel that more people should strive to have the strength and passion that you exemplify in everyday life.You may be stubborn at points but when you really need help you let others in, which shows strength in itself. I have never been more proud to know someone and to call someone my role model. You have taught me so many things and I want to thank you. Thank you for inspiring me in life. Thank you for making me want to be a better person.

Waitlisted for a College Class? Here's What to Do!

Dealing with the inevitable realities of college life..

Course registration at college can be a big hassle and is almost never talked about. Classes you want to take fill up before you get a chance to register. You might change your mind about a class you want to take and must struggle to find another class to fit in the same time period. You also have to make sure no classes clash by time. Like I said, it's a big hassle.

This semester, I was waitlisted for two classes. Most people in this situation, especially first years, freak out because they don't know what to do. Here is what you should do when this happens.

Don't freak out

This is a rule you should continue to follow no matter what you do in life, but is especially helpful in this situation.

Email the professor

Around this time, professors are getting flooded with requests from students wanting to get into full classes. This doesn't mean you shouldn't burden them with your email; it means they are expecting interested students to email them. Send a short, concise message telling them that you are interested in the class and ask if there would be any chance for you to get in.

Attend the first class

Often, the advice professors will give you when they reply to your email is to attend the first class. The first class isn't the most important class in terms of what will be taught. However, attending the first class means you are serious about taking the course and aren't going to give up on it.

Keep attending class

Every student is in the same position as you are. They registered for more classes than they want to take and are "shopping." For the first couple of weeks, you can drop or add classes as you please, which means that classes that were once full will have spaces. If you keep attending class and keep up with assignments, odds are that you will have priority. Professors give preference to people who need the class for a major and then from higher to lower class year (senior to freshman).

Have a backup plan

For two weeks, or until I find out whether I get into my waitlisted class, I will be attending more than the usual number of classes. This is so that if I don't get into my waitlisted class, I won't have a credit shortage and I won't have to fall back in my backup class. Chances are that enough people will drop the class, especially if it is very difficult like computer science, and you will have a chance. In popular classes like art and psychology, odds are you probably won't get in, so prepare for that.

Remember that everything works out at the end

Life is full of surprises. So what if you didn't get into the class you wanted? Your life obviously has something else in store for you. It's your job to make sure you make the best out of what you have.

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VIRTUAL UNIVERSITY PAPERS

Download Past Papers All Subjects in Pdf

Midterm Past Papers

Virtual university midterm papers .

Here You can download  Virtual University papers, handouts, and quizzes All subjects with references by Moaaz Siddique, Waqar Siddhu, and other students and everyone needs past papers for their better preparation for Exam days.  But they didn’t find the right place for past papers. We are working to collect and prepare past papers on every subject of the virtual university. I am also a student of Virtual University; according to my observation, about 70% of the paper has come from past papers . Going through past year’s papers is best to study for exams because then you will be able to know the types of questions, their level, exam pattern, how much time you need to spend on particular marks questions, and so on but you should not just rely on past year paper you should also need to revise the topic. This is a great opportunity for you to get prepare for the exam through past papers and get good marks on your exams. Download Midterm Papers here…

DOWNLOAD VIRTUAL UNIVERSITY MIDTERM PAPERS 

• Download Midterm Short Notes All Subjects in Pdf 
• Download Waqar Siddhu Midterm Past Papers All Subjects

DOWNLOAD VIRTUAL UNIVERSITY MIDTERM QUIZZES

• Download Midterm Quizzes All Subjects in Pdf
• Download Midterm Grand Quizzes All Subjects in Pdf

PRACTICING PAST PAPERS IS THE BEST WAY TO STUDY FOR EXAMS.

Candidates can have the following benefits:- •

Experience with exam-style questions and the way they expect you to think. • Exposure to “model” answers. This gives you a good idea of what the markers look for. Hence, in the exam, you will save a lot of time thinking about how to articulate what you want to say. • Improvement of time management. • Provides you with greater knowledge about what topics and questions frequently come out. This gives your revision a lot more direction. • Provides you with greater knowledge about how marks tend to be allocated. This will help with time management. This will also give your revision more direction because you will notice which topics tend to be worth more marks. • Helps to indicate small gaps in your knowledge of certain topics. Once again, this can give your final revision some direction. As I hope you have now realized, Practicing the past papers will make life a lot easier for you in the exam.

Introduction

CDHE Nomination

AUCC Requirements

Course Description

Sample Policy Statements

Syllabus Sequencing Strategies

Sample Daily Syllabi

Lesson Plans

Reading Selection Recommendations

Assignments

Response Papers and Discussion Forums

Presentations

Discusssion, Group, WTL Questions

Variations, Misc.

Curbing Plagiarism

Additional Teaching & Course Design Resources

Guide Contributors

Midterm and Final Exam Examples

Exams are a great way to reinforce and evaluate students' understanding of the course content and main ideas. There are several different ways to approach exams including an in-class essay, short essays, multiple choice, short answer, fill in the blank, matching, quote/passage identification, character identification, etc. with plenty of flexibility for what an instructor deems important. Most instructors that choose to assign exams give both a midterm and final, though some just choose a comprehensive final. Of those who do give both, the midterm and final exam often look similar in style and content so students can expect consistency in the testing methods. Many instructors choose to test the first half of the course's information in the middle of the semester through a midterm and the rest of the semester at the final. In other words, the course's information is not cumulative and lets students focus on the most current concepts so they do not need to remember trivial details such as minor characters from the first text at the end of the semester.

Midterm Exams: Midterm exams often come at the midpoint in the semester. As stated previously in the overview, instructors sometimes divide the class into two sections so that the course's information is not cumulative. This strategy emphasizes making the overall picture or most recent concepts most important instead of testing on characters or plot lines from the first text of the semester.

Midterm Exam Examples:

• Midterm Exam Example
• Midterm Exam Study Guide Example

Final Exams: Final exams are similar to midterms except given at the end of the semester. Keep in mind that according to university policy,

"Final examination week is part of the regular semester. Student attendance shall be consistent with University policy. The final in-class examination period is intended for the end-of-semester examination. No in-class examination constituting more than 10% of the final course grade may be given in undergraduate courses during the week preceding the final examination period of the semester; laboratory, performance and other alternative classes (e.g., courses in the individualized mathematics program) excluded."

This does not indicate that instructors must give a final, only that they must use the time. If you do decide to give a final, here are a few sample finals to give you ideas for your own. Many of them follow the same format and structure of the midterm exams.

Final Exam Examples:

• Final Exam Example
• Final Exam Study Guide Example
• Final Exam Example with Study Guide

History of Information S10

Spring 2010, guidelines for the midterm paper.

1. Selection of sources. Selecting the appropriate sources for your research topic will be critical to your paper’s success.  You may have to go through a lot of material before you find the relevant sources for your topic.   Many times we have had the experience of thinking that an article or book is going to be about something based on it’s title and we were wrong.  Be patient.  Invest the time in the library and email us with questions.  Read bibliographies and footnotes from relevant work and follow those leads.  Engage in critical reading.  Ask: Who is the author?  What is their intention with this book, article or document?  Who is the author talking to?  What argument are they making?  How do they make this argument? Why is this important to examining my topic?  How does this work relate to other sources I am engaged with?  There are two different kinds of sources that you might engage with:

• Secondary sources are scholarly analysis of your topic.  Pick secondary sources that are of high quality.  A “scholarly source” would be a journal article or a book published by a scholar or researcher — but not, for example, an article in a popular magazine, a web site or blog, and not, it goes without saying, an article from Wikipedia, though that may be useful in locating scholarly references.  This often means that scholarly sources are cited by others and been debated.  Again, you might have to go through a lot of sources before you find the “right” ones for your paper.
• Primary sources get you as close to your topic as you can possibly get (e.g. images, newspaper articles, diaries, oral histories, government documents, maps, census data, movies, television transcripts, letters, comics, etc.).  Ideally we would like you to include primary sources in your paper.

2.  Citing and citations :

• The work that you hand in must be your own.  You are not allowed to collaborate or work with anyone in the class. You may show your work to someone outside of the class ONLY for the purposes of correcting grammar and spelling.
• You can use MLA, APA, or Chicago Manual of Style Author-Date formatted citations, but please pick only one format, and be consistent .
• A) “parenthetical citations” in the body of the text and then including a proper “works cited” section at the end, OR
• B) properly formatted footnotes for each citation with a bibliography at the end of the paper.
• In either case, make sure to include specific page numbers when you are quoting an author or referring to a specific passage. (Finn and Perkel 2009:22-24)
• If you aren’t sure on formatting rules, look them up online!
• You may paraphrase ideas from readings, videos, or lectures, but you must properly cite these passages as well. In other words, use citations even if you don’t quote .
• If you represent work as your own that is not, by failing to cite quotes and paraphrased ideas, it will be considered plagiarism in violation of the student code.
• When in doubt… send us an email.  If you have any questions about what needs to be cited, please let us know.

3. Formatting and Writing :

• The paper should be no longer than 2000 words not including references, footnotes, endnotes or bibliography.
• Please submit one electronic copy submitted via bSpace in the following format: FIRSTNAME-LASTNAME-103.doc.
• All essays must be typed and printed on 8.5″x11″ white/off-white paper.
• The first page of your essay will be a cover sheet.  On this page you will write your name and nothing else.  This is the only place where your name should appear on your essay.
• The second page of your essay will have  the TITLE of your essay.
• Please staple all sheets together in the top left hand corner
• Please use Times, Times New Roman, or Georgia, in 10, 11, or 12pt. No lower, no higher.
• Please use 1.5 or double spacing
• Please hand in well written prose with proper grammar and spelling. Take advantage of those spell checkers and grammar checkers that you have at your disposal.
• Please page number your essay in the header or footer. To avoid loose pages getting lost, put the title of your essay ( not your name ) in the header or footer.

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• 01. Google Email
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• 01-Apple Developer
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Examples of Term Papers that Got an A

Listed below are links to some term papers that got an "A" grade last year. When you compare these examples with each other, you will notice that there are three important aspects of an “A” paper. First, they are passionately written and captivating to read. Second, they have good grammar and style (following MLA, APA, or CMS style). Third, they are well documented with in-text references (in parentheses) linking their assertions to scholary articles in the list of references at the end of the paper. You will see what I mean when you follow these links to student papers that earned an “A” last year. All of these papers are copyrighted by their authors. Please respect these copyrights.

• Aisha-McCormick-Digital-Marketing
• Allie-Modica-Effectiveness
• Allison-Winters-Technology-And-Learning-Styles
• Amanda-Yanez-Social-Media-Advertising
• Amanda-Warren-Social-Media-Likes
• Austin-Abbruzzesi-Computer-Science-Classes-in-High-School-Curricula
• Ben-Rohe-MOOCs
• Brianna-Patrizio-Gender-Equality
• Collette-Small-Social-Media
• Danielle-Piha-CyberBullying
• Danielle-Ragno-LinkedIn
• David-Palgon-Facebook-and-Employers
• Donna-Muchio-Self-Esteem
• Ebenezer-Riverson-3D-Printing
• Elizabeth-Hansen-WII-Physical-Therapy
• Faith-Lumpkin-LinkedIn
• Giselle-Malenchek-Digital-Piracy
• Jessica-Morris-Healthy-Lifestyles
• Katy-Snyder-Social-Media-Advertisers
• Jillian-Loeffler-Social-Media-in-Your-Job-Search
• Lauren-Vandaniker-Technology-Impact-On-Nursing-Practice
• Lisa-Plumley-Multimedia-Young-Children
• Madison-Gamble-Technology-As-A-Means-For-Therapeutic-Modalities
• Maria-Medved-Hospitality-Industry
• Lisa-Tossey-POV-Cameras-Education
• Paul-Page-Copyright-IP-Public-Good
• Sarah-Ibarguen-Twitter
• Taylor-Soave-Social-Media-Classroom
• Tim-Ware-Social-Media-News-Outlet

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How to Write a Mid Term Paper

Actually, a mid term paper is a very convenient thing for students. Usually, students are very busy with different activities and a lot of them do not think beforehand about their term papers and what are these exact papers going to be about.

Mid term paper gives you a chance to make it clear for yourself something about your future term paper.

So, here we go, you have a task to write a mid term paper. Perhaps, it was unexpected for you, but do not delay this task till the last moment. Start working on your mid term paper right now.

First you have to decide on a term paper’s topic that is most interesting for you. Maybe you have special interests in some areas. If so, then work on this topic and develop it properly. Later all the materials that you have found for your mid term paper will be helpful for your term paper.

If you do not have some special interests, then do not choose any topic for your mid term papers, since you will not be able to conduct good research and use this information further. You should better ask your teacher or professor for an advice, maybe he will help you decide on a topic.

Keep in mind that by making your mid term paper you put a basis for your future term paper and writing it will be much easier for you. A lot of helpful information can be found in the Internet, since you can discuss your problem in chats and forums with those students who are experienced in writing a mid term paper.

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Jamelle Bouie

The Real Reason Trump and Vance Hate Being Called ‘Weird’

By Jamelle Bouie

Opinion Columnist

In 2016, Democrats taunted Donald Trump as “ dangerous Donald .” In 2020, they moved on from dangerous to say that Trump’s Republican Party was a threat to the “ soul of America .” Both messages — one relatively successful, one much less so — emphasized the threat that Trump posed to America and the world.

This year, as it mounts its third national campaign against Trump and his MAGA acolytes, the Democratic Party has abandoned the language of peril and danger in favor of something that is a little less heated.

Trump and JD Vance, Kamala Harris and her allies say, are “weird.”

It started with Gov. Tim Walz of Minnesota, now Harris’s running mate. Making the case against Trump and the Republican ticket in an interview on MSNBC, an almost bemused Walz said that the Republican Party was so outside the mainstream that it was off-putting to most Americans: “These are weird people on the other side. They want to take books away. They want to be in your exam room.”

Democrats immediately embraced Walz’s characterization of the former president and his running mate. Pete Buttigieg, the secretary of transportation, said Trump was getting “older and stranger.” Gov. Josh Shapiro of Pennsylvania called Trump “weird” at a rally for Harris, as did Senator Chuck Schumer of New York, who also said that Vance was “erratic.”

“Weird” doesn’t sound like much. But of all the attacks Democrats have levied against Republicans since Trump came down that escalator, this one appears to hit the hardest. Republican politicians seem taken aback by the idea that they’re outside the mainstream, by the charge that their interests and priorities are alienating to the average American.

Now, stepping back a bit, they shouldn’t be. The signature obsessions of Republican politics since 2020 — election denialism, book banning, abortion bans and the crusades against trans and other gender-nonconforming people — are either unpopular with most Americans or electoral dead weight. Democrats in local, state and federal elections have scored win after win in opposition to these and similar preoccupations. In fact, if not for its commitment to this divisive, far-right cultural agenda, the Republican Party might have gotten the “red wave” of its dreams in the 2022 midterm elections.

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How secretary of state elections became the new battleground for election deniers

Kari Estes made a 25-minute journey from her home in Festus, Missouri, to the suburbs of St. Louis County on a hot summer evening to mingle with Democratic Secretary of State candidate Barbara Phifer.

Estes was among a few dozen voters who gathered for an ice cream social to hear Phifer less than a week from the state’s primary election on Aug. 6. It was her first time seeing Phifer in person – and she said she felt an air of “hopefulness” in the room that day.

“What she said when she addressed all of us is that the secretary of state position should be boring … (and) nonpartisan,” she said. "Since the 'big lie' and steal the election and all of that, people now are more aware of the importance of the secretary of state to be nonpartisan and neutral on the subject of certifying elections."

For Estes and many voters paying close attention to secretary of state races around the country, the stakes couldn't be higher.

Secretary of state races have become more competitive this year as former President Donald Trump runs at the top of the Republican ticket in the presidential race. He was indicted twice over his alleged efforts to overturn the 2020 election and has repeatedly made false claims that the 2020 election was stolen. 

And most of the seven states where elections are held this year – Missouri, Montana, North Carolina, Oregon, Vermont, Washington and West Virginia – feature prominent Trump supporters questioning the validity of the 2020 election and vowing to reform the elections process in a way that some experts say could keep voters from the polls. 

Anita Manion, an assistant professor in political science at the University of Missouri-St. Louis, said that in 2020, secretaries of state stood by the results of their elections "in the face of great pressure."

“If those officials are replaced with election deniers, the administration and certification of elections could be negatively impacted," she said. "While it is unlikely that the secretary of state acting alone could overturn the results of their state’s election, they can influence the processes of election administration and help to combat or amplify false narratives about elections."

Secretary of state role under increased scrutiny in recent years

Though the secretary of state role varies in each state, most officials typically oversee the administration of elections, including setting up guidelines and rules for local officials to follow in running elections, said Peverill Squire, a professor in the department of political science at the University of Missouri. They also often have a role in how ballot initiatives, referendums and recall elections are administered.

But “as questions have been raised about voter registration, election mechanics, and ballot measures, greater public attention is now given to the office's agenda,” he said.

These questions stem from false allegations of rigged elections, widespread voter fraud and manipulated voting machines that have been espoused by political leaders on the right and others in recent years, Manion said.

She pointed to the infamous phone call between Trump and Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger on Jan. 2, 2021, days before the Jan. 6 Capitol attack, in which the former president allegedly pressured Raffensperger to find “11,780 votes” and alter the election's outcome in the Peach State.

Raffensperger pushed back on Trump's claims and testified before the U.S. House in 2022 when Trump was under investigation for the Capitol attack. This year, he's taken efforts he says will bolster election security , such as allowing voters to cancel their voter registration online through a web portal.

“This is an example of the important role that secretaries of state can play in these times of heightened scrutiny on election administration,” Manion said. 

Election deniers aim for victories

In the 2022 midterm elections, Trump endorsed four candidates in crucial battleground states running for secretary of state: Jim Marchant in Nevada, Kristina Karamo in Michigan, Mark Finchem in Arizona, and Kim Crockett in Minnesota. All four of them lost the election to Democratic incumbents Jocelyn Benson in Michigan, Steve Simon in Minnesota, Cisco Aguilar in Nevada and Adrian Fontes in Arizona.

This year, Trump supporters are hoping to reverse that loss, with some boosted by the former president running on a national ticket. In deep-red Missouri, Republican candidates already have a long list of initiatives they will pursue if elected to the position.

Denny Hoskins, for one, said he believes “the most secure elections are in person on Election Day with a voter ID and a paper ballot.” 

As Missouri state senator, he supported a bill signed by Gov. Mike Parson in 2022 that banned ballot drop boxes and certain electronic voting machines, required every resident to have photo ID and banned what Republicans call “Zuckerbucks ,” private grants given to understaffed and underfunded election offices. Hoskins was endorsed by Mike Lindell, the founder and CEO of My Pillow and prominent election denier.

Republican candidate Valentina Gomez said that she’s made the secretary of state race the most “coveted one” after Trump’s 2024 presidential campaign. 

“I look forward to accepting President Trump's endorsement so that nobody can ever cheat again, because Joe Biden definitely did not get 81 million votes,” she claimed in an emailed statement to USA TODAY.

She said if she’s elected, she would get rid of mail in ballots, implement same day voting, hand count paper ballots and deploy the National Guard to “secure the chain of custody.”

Experts previously told USA TODAY that mail-in-voting and drop boxes are safe, and Manion said there's evidence both can increase voter turnout. She also pointed to research that's shown ballots counted by hand are less accurate than those conducted by machine.

Hoskins and Gomez are running against six other Republican candidates: Mike Carter, Mary Elizabeth Coleman, Jamie Corley, Shane Schoeller, Adam Schwadron and Dean Plocher. 

Other Republican secretary of state candidates have also cast doubt on the 2020 election results in interviews with USA TODAY, including West Virginian Kris Warner and Vermont's H. Brooke Paige – both of whom are lone GOP candidates in their state's race. Paige is facing off against Democrat incumbent Sarah Copeland Hanzas while Warner is going head to head with Democrat Thornton Cooper.

Democrats say 'democracy' is on the ballot

Democratic candidates, on the other hand, have provided counter-messaging on the campaign trail. 

Phifer argued that her Republican opponents are “creating chaos that is a fundamental risk to democracy.” Besides the election integrity issue, she’s also campaigning for abortion and against banning books. She is running against two lesser known candidates, Monique Williams and Haley Jacobsen, in the Aug. 6 primary.

In Oregon, Democratic candidate Tobias Read said he wants to make sure people have “little to no barrier” to voting. He pointed to how his opponent, Republican Dennis Linthicum, filed a lawsuit in 2022 along with other plaintiffs that sought to end Oregon’s vote-by-mail system. It was dismissed.

“We want to make sure that people … have the confidence that the results will stand up to scrutiny," he said. "We want someone to say, ‘I didn't like that outcome. But I have confidence that that's an accurate count.'"

The current Democratic secretary of state in Oregon, LaVonne Griffin-Valade, is not running for reelection.

Jesse James Mullen, a former journalist and Democratic candidate in Montana, knocked Republican incumbent Christi Jacobson for sending out voter pamphlets that contained inaccurate information during the 2022 midterm elections.

“You don't have to send out blatantly false information,” he said. “But they wanted to dissuade people on the reservations from voting. They wanted to dissuade people in university towns from voting because they knew that it would not work in their best interest. Misinformation when it comes to our elections isn't something that you can fix overnight.”

USA TODAY reached out to Jacobsen’s office for comment.

Will voters reject election deniers in 2024?

Numerous polls indicate that voters will likely be casting their ballots along party lines.

An exclusive USA TODAY/Suffolk University poll from January found that 62% of those supporting Trump said they didn't believe Biden had been legitimately elected in 2020. Fifty-two percent of Trump supporters said they had no confidence that the results of the 2024 election would be accurately counted and reported. 

A Pew Research Center survey also found that only 6% of voters crossed party lines in the 2022 midterm elections. With most states that candidates are running in this year being reliably red or blue, some parties already have a built-in advantage over others. 

Nevertheless, organizing efforts on the ground are underway to boost voter turnout, especially in Missouri which has the most crowded primary this year on both sides. 

Susan Marner Sides, a retired United Methodist Church pastor in Bernie, Missouri, hosted a meet-and-greet for Phifer in June, inviting mostly local residents. 

“I've known her for many, many years, about as long as I've been in ministry – nearly 40 years, I think. And so I know her character, and I know her well. I also know that she stands for free and open elections,” Sides, 68, said.

About a dozen people came to the event, she said, who have like-minded interests to hers.

Travis Brimm, the executive director for the Democratic Association of Secretaries of State, said in an interview that the Missouri race is different this year because there is an open seat.

“That doesn't even take into account how great our candidate is, Barbara Phifer. I mean, she is Missouri in a nutshell. Her family's been there since the 1820s. … It's just a really, really great opportunity for us," he said.

Republicans, on the other hand, have been holding competing events. Karson Weymuth, 20, and a volunteer on Hoskins' campaign, said he’s spoken on the candidate’s behalf at least 15 or 20 times at this point. “We've seen record high turnouts at these events,” he said.

Edward Ray Hylton, 63 and a retiree, said he’ll be voting for Hoskins because “he is for election integrity and making sure that the votes count.”

“It’s more just a visceral feel,” he said. “I've never missed voting in any election I was eligible to vote in. And sometimes you just get a feel for a candidate.”

In other states, candidates from both parties have also taken grand efforts to reach out to voters, such as Washington Republican candidate Dale Whitaker who has appeared on podcasts and spoken at meet and greets.

“There's no evidence for wide scale fraud in Washington state in 2020. The issue isn't an issue of evidentiary findings. It's that the electorate have a distrust towards the process, and when you have a secretary of state who is not being transparent with the electorate, isn't conducting town halls, isn't speaking to people. … These things continue to build distrust in the electoral process," Whitaker said.

Mullen said he has campaigned almost “exclusively” in rural communities. "They (voters) understand that when somebody truly cares about their community and is willing to sit and listen and engage with them, they will vote across party lines," he said.