how to tell if essay was written by ai

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How to spot AI-generated text

The internet is increasingly awash with text written by AI software. We need new tools to detect it.

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This sentence was written by an AI—or was it? OpenAI’s new chatbot, ChatGPT, presents us with a problem: How will we know whether what we read online is written by a human or a machine?

Since it was released in late November, ChatGPT has been used by over a million people. It has the AI community enthralled, and it is clear the internet is increasingly being flooded with AI-generated text. People are using it to come up with jokes, write children’s stories, and craft better emails. 

ChatGPT is OpenAI’s spin-off of its large language model GPT-3 , which generates remarkably human-sounding answers to questions that it’s asked. The magic—and danger—of these large language models lies in the illusion of correctness. The sentences they produce look right—they use the right kinds of words in the correct order. But the AI doesn’t know what any of it means. These models work by predicting the most likely next word in a sentence. They haven’t a clue whether something is correct or false, and they confidently present information as true even when it is not. 

In an already polarized, politically fraught online world, these AI tools could further distort the information we consume. If they are rolled out into the real world in real products, the consequences could be devastating. 

We’re in desperate need of ways to differentiate between human- and AI-written text in order to counter potential misuses of the technology, says Irene Solaiman, policy director at AI startup Hugging Face, who used to be an AI researcher at OpenAI and studied AI output detection for the release of GPT-3’s predecessor GPT-2. 

New tools will also be crucial to enforcing bans on AI-generated text and code, like the one recently announced by Stack Overflow, a website where coders can ask for help. ChatGPT can confidently regurgitate answers to software problems, but it’s not foolproof. Getting code wrong can lead to buggy and broken software, which is expensive and potentially chaotic to fix. 

A spokesperson for Stack Overflow says that the company’s moderators are “examining thousands of submitted community member reports via a number of tools including heuristics and detection models” but would not go into more detail. 

In reality, it is incredibly difficult, and the ban is likely almost impossible to enforce.

Today’s detection tool kit

There are various ways researchers have tried to detect AI-generated text. One common method is to use software to analyze different features of the text—for example, how fluently it reads, how frequently certain words appear, or whether there are patterns in punctuation or sentence length. 

“If you have enough text, a really easy cue is the word ‘the’ occurs too many times,” says Daphne Ippolito, a senior research scientist at Google Brain, the company’s research unit for deep learning. 

Because large language models work by predicting the next word in a sentence, they are more likely to use common words like “the,” “it,” or “is” instead of wonky, rare words. This is exactly the kind of text that automated detector systems are good at picking up, Ippolito and a team of researchers at Google found in research they published in 2019.

But Ippolito’s study also showed something interesting: the human participants tended to think this kind of “clean” text looked better and contained fewer mistakes, and thus that it must have been written by a person. 

In reality, human-written text is riddled with typos and is incredibly variable, incorporating different styles and slang, while “language models very, very rarely make typos. They’re much better at generating perfect texts,” Ippolito says. 

“A typo in the text is actually a really good indicator that it was human written,” she adds. 

Large language models themselves can also be used to detect AI-generated text. One of the most successful ways to do this is to retrain the model on some texts written by humans, and others created by machines, so it learns to differentiate between the two, says Muhammad Abdul-Mageed, who is the Canada research chair in natural-language processing and machine learning at the University of British Columbia and has studied detection . 

Scott Aaronson, a computer scientist at the University of Texas on secondment as a researcher at OpenAI for a year, meanwhile, has been developing watermarks for longer pieces of text generated by models such as GPT-3—“an otherwise unnoticeable secret signal in its choices of words, which you can use to prove later that, yes, this came from GPT,” he writes in his blog. 

A spokesperson for OpenAI confirmed that the company is working on watermarks, and said its policies state that users should clearly indicate text generated by AI “in a way no one could reasonably miss or misunderstand.” 

But these technical fixes come with big caveats. Most of them don’t stand a chance against the latest generation of AI language models, as they are built on GPT-2 or other earlier models. Many of these detection tools work best when there is a lot of text available; they will be less efficient in some concrete use cases, like chatbots or email assistants, which rely on shorter conversations and provide less data to analyze. And using large language models for detection also requires powerful computers, and access to the AI model itself, which tech companies don’t allow, Abdul-Mageed says. 

The bigger and more powerful the model, the harder it is to build AI models to detect what text is written by a human and what isn’t, says Solaiman. 

“What’s so concerning now is that [ChatGPT has] really impressive outputs. Detection models just can’t keep up. You’re playing catch-up this whole time,” she says. 

Training the human eye

There is no silver bullet for detecting AI-written text, says Solaiman. “A detection model is not going to be your answer for detecting synthetic text in the same way that a safety filter is not going to be your answer for mitigating biases,” she says. 

To have a chance of solving the problem, we’ll need improved technical fixes and more transparency around when humans are interacting with an AI, and people will need to learn to spot the signs of AI-written sentences. 

“What would be really nice to have is a plug-in to Chrome or to whatever web browser you’re using that will let you know if any text on your web page is machine generated,” Ippolito says.

Some help is already out there. Researchers at Harvard and IBM developed a tool called Giant Language Model Test Room (GLTR), which supports humans by highlighting passages that might have been generated by a computer program. 

But AI is already fooling us. Researchers at Cornell University found that people found fake news articles generated by GPT-2 credible about 66% of the time. 

Another study found that untrained humans were able to correctly spot text generated by GPT-3 only at a level consistent with random chance.  

The good news is that people can be trained to be better at spotting AI-generated text, Ippolito says. She built a game to test how many sentences a computer can generate before a player catches on that it’s not human, and found that people got gradually better over time. 

“If you look at lots of generative texts and you try to figure out what doesn’t make sense about it, you can get better at this task,” she says. One way is to pick up on implausible statements, like the AI saying it takes 60 minutes to make a cup of coffee.

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Google DeepMind’s new AI systems can now solve complex math problems

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GPT Essay Checker for Students

How to Interpret the Result of AI Detection

To use our GPT checker, you won’t need to do any preparation work!

Take the 3 steps:

• Copy and paste the text you want to be analyzed,
• Click the button,
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Our AI detector doesn’t give a definitive answer. It’s only a free beta test that will be improved later. For now, it provides a preliminary conclusion and analyzes the provided text, implementing the color-coding system that you can see above the analysis.

It is you who decides whether the text is written by a human or AI:

• Your text was likely generated by an AI if it is mostly red with some orange words. This means that the word choice of the whole document is nowhere near unique or unpredictable.
• Your text looks unique and human-made if our GPT essay checker adds plenty of orange, green, and blue to the color palette.
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🤖 Will AI Replace Human Writers?

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• 🕵 How do GPT checkers work?

Chat GPT in Essay Writing – the Shortcomings

• The tool doesn’t know anything about what happened after 2021. Novel history is not its strong side. Sometimes it needs to be corrected about earlier events. For instance, request information about Heathrow Terminal 1 . The program will tell you it is functioning, although it has been closed since 2015.
• The reliability of answers is questionable. AI takes information from the web which abounds in fake news, bias, and conspiracy theories.
• References also need to be checked. The links that the tool generates are sometimes incorrect, and sometimes even fake.
• Two AI generated essays on the same topic can be very similar. Although a plagiarism checker will likely consider the texts original, your teacher will easily see the same structure and arguments.
• Chat GPT essay detectors are being actively developed now. Traditional plagiarism checkers are not good at finding texts made by ChatGPT. But this does not mean that an AI-generated piece cannot be detected at all.

🕵 How Do GPT Checkers Work?

An AI-generated text is too predictable. Its creation is based on the word frequency in each particular case.

Thus, its strong side (being life-like) makes it easily discernible for ChatGPT detectors.

Once again, conventional anti-plagiarism essay checkers won’t work there merely because this writing features originality. Meanwhile, it will be too similar to hundreds of other texts covering the same topic.

Here’s an everyday example. Two people give birth to a baby. When kids become adults, they are very much like their parents. But can we tell this particular human is a child of the other two humans? No, if we cannot make a genetic test. This GPT essay checker is a paternity test for written content.

❓ GPT Essay Checker FAQ

Updated: Jul 19th, 2024

• Abstracts written by ChatGPT fool scientists - Nature
• How to... use ChatGPT to boost your writing
• Will ChatGPT Kill the Student Essay? - The Atlantic
• ChatGPT: how to use the AI chatbot taking over the world
• Overview of ChatGPT - Technology Hits - Medium
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IvyPanda's free online GPT essay checker is much more effective than traditional plagiarism checkers. Find out if an academic paper was written by a human or a machine. You will also find a detailed guide on how to interpret the analysis results.

How to tell if something is written by AI

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A college student created an app that can tell whether AI wrote an essay

Emma Bowman

GPTZero in action: The bot correctly detected AI-written text. The writing sample that was submitted? ChatGPT's attempt at "an essay on the ethics of AI plagiarism that could pass a ChatGPT detector tool." GPTZero.me/Screenshot by NPR hide caption

GPTZero in action: The bot correctly detected AI-written text. The writing sample that was submitted? ChatGPT's attempt at "an essay on the ethics of AI plagiarism that could pass a ChatGPT detector tool."

Teachers worried about students turning in essays written by a popular artificial intelligence chatbot now have a new tool of their own.

Edward Tian, a 22-year-old senior at Princeton University, has built an app to detect whether text is written by ChatGPT, the viral chatbot that's sparked fears over its potential for unethical uses in academia.

Edward Tian, a 22-year-old computer science student at Princeton, created an app that detects essays written by the impressive AI-powered language model known as ChatGPT. Edward Tian hide caption

Edward Tian, a 22-year-old computer science student at Princeton, created an app that detects essays written by the impressive AI-powered language model known as ChatGPT.

Tian, a computer science major who is minoring in journalism, spent part of his winter break creating GPTZero, which he said can "quickly and efficiently" decipher whether a human or ChatGPT authored an essay.

His motivation to create the bot was to fight what he sees as an increase in AI plagiarism. Since the release of ChatGPT in late November, there have been reports of students using the breakthrough language model to pass off AI-written assignments as their own.

"there's so much chatgpt hype going around. is this and that written by AI? we as humans deserve to know!" Tian wrote in a tweet introducing GPTZero.

Tian said many teachers have reached out to him after he released his bot online on Jan. 2, telling him about the positive results they've seen from testing it.

More than 30,000 people had tried out GPTZero within a week of its launch. It was so popular that the app crashed. Streamlit, the free platform that hosts GPTZero, has since stepped in to support Tian with more memory and resources to handle the web traffic.

How GPTZero works

To determine whether an excerpt is written by a bot, GPTZero uses two indicators: "perplexity" and "burstiness." Perplexity measures the complexity of text; if GPTZero is perplexed by the text, then it has a high complexity and it's more likely to be human-written. However, if the text is more familiar to the bot — because it's been trained on such data — then it will have low complexity and therefore is more likely to be AI-generated.

Separately, burstiness compares the variations of sentences. Humans tend to write with greater burstiness, for example, with some longer or complex sentences alongside shorter ones. AI sentences tend to be more uniform.

In a demonstration video, Tian compared the app's analysis of a story in The New Yorker and a LinkedIn post written by ChatGPT. It successfully distinguished writing by a human versus AI.

A new AI chatbot might do your homework for you. But it's still not an A+ student

Tian acknowledged that his bot isn't foolproof, as some users have reported when putting it to the test. He said he's still working to improve the model's accuracy.

But by designing an app that sheds some light on what separates human from AI, the tool helps work toward a core mission for Tian: bringing transparency to AI.

"For so long, AI has been a black box where we really don't know what's going on inside," he said. "And with GPTZero, I wanted to start pushing back and fighting against that."

The quest to curb AI plagiarism

Untangling Disinformation

Ai-generated fake faces have become a hallmark of online influence operations.

The college senior isn't alone in the race to rein in AI plagiarism and forgery. OpenAI, the developer of ChatGPT, has signaled a commitment to preventing AI plagiarism and other nefarious applications. Last month, Scott Aaronson, a researcher currently focusing on AI safety at OpenAI, revealed that the company has been working on a way to "watermark" GPT-generated text with an "unnoticeable secret signal" to identify its source.

The open-source AI community Hugging Face has put out a tool to detect whether text was created by GPT-2, an earlier version of the AI model used to make ChatGPT. A philosophy professor in South Carolina who happened to know about the tool said he used it to catch a student submitting AI-written work.

The New York City education department said on Thursday that it's blocking access to ChatGPT on school networks and devices over concerns about its "negative impacts on student learning, and concerns regarding the safety and accuracy of content."

Tian is not opposed to the use of AI tools like ChatGPT.

GPTZero is "not meant to be a tool to stop these technologies from being used," he said. "But with any new technologies, we need to be able to adopt it responsibly and we need to have safeguards."

Identifying   AI-Written   Essays:   A   Step-by-Step   Guide   for   Teachers

Students have already started using ChatGPT to assist them in writing essays like maniacs. Instead of spending the effort required to practice their writing skills and come up with their own ideas, they rely on ChatGPT for AI-written Essays. Teachers have been trying to find ways to counter this practice without much success.

In our previous article, we discussed 5 ways that ChatGPT could assist you with your work. In this article, we will show you what you need to do to find out if a student has cheated using AI software.  

Steps for identifying AI-written Essays

Up until now, the software we had at our disposal, even the commercial ones, such as Turnitin, could only help us discover plagiarised content, not AI-written ones. So, what do we do to counter AI-written essays?

Step 1. Look for issues with the content

The first thing you need to look for is signs of unnatural language, such as repetitive sentence structures or overly complex vocabulary, which are common characteristics of text generated by machine learning models.

ChatGPT can’t fully understand the context or meaning of the text it generates and, therefore, often repeats phrases or uses words that may not be suitable for the particular context.

Step 2. Compare the Essay with the student's previous performance

Next, you need to compare the student’s writing style and use of language throughout the academic year with the essay they have submitted, and you suspect trickery. For example, suppose a student has demonstrated a certain language and writing style throughout the academic year and suddenly gives you a significantly more advanced essay or an essay written in a completely different style from their usual one. In that case, this could be a sign that the student has cheated.

Still, this method can be subjective and prone to mistakes. So, what should you do next to confirm if there was cheating?

Step 3. Use an AI-detection software

Now, you have to fight back, using the same weapons as the potential perpetrator. These weapons are the AI-detection software and can increase the likelihood of identifying cheating.

Option 1: AI Content Detector

Let’s begin with our first choice, called AI Content Detector.  To use it:

• First, go to https://writer.com/ai-content-detector/ .
• Next, copy and paste the student’s essay within the “add some text” field.
• Then we click “Analyze Text”.
• After it’s done analysing, it will come up with a result labelled as AI detection score on the top right side of our screen. The AI Content Detector will point out how much AI-generated text was found within the essay.

Obviously, the AI Content Detector is not flawless . But it’s free and works OK, especially if the student hasn’t made any substantial edits to the generated Essay they received from ChatGPT. In any case, you can use AI Content Detector for free as long as the text you input is less than 1500 words. If you want more, you can always upgrade to a paid plan for 162$ per year.

Option 2: ZeroGPT

Our next choice is called ZeroGPT . ZeroGPT is free and was exclusively developed for identifying essays generated by ChatGPT .

ZeroGPT’s developers claim that it has a detection rate of around 98.5% .

Actually, I tested their claim. The results were incredible. ZeroGPT accurately identified all text written by ChatGPT’s AI during my test runs. It is even more potent than the AI Content Detector as it uses advanced algorithms to identify foul plays.

• To use it, first, you have to visit https://www.zerogpt.com/ .
• Next, you copy and paste the text within the empty field. There’s no restriction to the number of words you can input. 
• Now you have to press the Detect Text button. ZeroGPT will analyse your input, and within a few seconds, it will come up with a result defining if the text was written either by ChatGPT or by a real person.

Bottom line

As the AI language models become more sophisticated, they make it increasingly hard to distinguish between human-written and AI-generated text. Thankfully, programmers have already started to come up with new software that can help teachers identify content that was not written by their students. Please note that the AI Content Detector and ZeroGPT aren’t the only choices available at the moment, but they are free and work well in most cases.

In conclusion, keeping an eye out for unnatural language and comparing a student’s writing style throughout the year, as well as using AI detection software, can help you identify AI-written content, at least on some level. 

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New Tool Can Tell If Something Is AI-Written With 99% Accuracy

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A new study found an AI detector developed by the University of Kansas can detect AI-generated content in academic papers with a 99% accuracy rate, one of the only detectors on the market specifically geared toward academic writing.

Genuine human error? Perhaps, but at least not artificial intelligence.

According to a report published Wednesday in the journal Cell Reports Physical Science, researchers created a tool that can prove AI detection in academic papers with 99% accuracy.

The team of researchers selected 64 perspectives (a type of article) and used them to make 128 articles using ChatGPT, which was then used to train the AI detector.

The model had a 100% accuracy rate of identifying human-created articles from AI-generated ones, and a 92% accuracy rate for identifying specific paragraphs within the text.

According to a survey by BestColleges.com, 89% of college students have admitted to using ChatGPT to help with assignments, while 34% of educators believe the software should be banned, though 66% support students having access.

Crucial Quote

“Right now, there are some pretty glaring problems with AI writing," lead author Heather Desaire said in a statement. "One of the biggest problems is that it assembles text from many sources and there isn't any kind of accuracy check—it's kind of like the game Two Truths and a Lie."

AI detectors have not proven to be 100% accurate. A University of California at Davis student alleges she was falsely accused by her university of cheating with AI. After uploading a paper for one of her classes, she received an email from her professor claiming a portion was flagged in the program Turnitin as being AI-generated. Her case was immediately forwarded to the Office of Student Support and Judicial Affairs, which handles discipline for academic misconduct. The student pleaded her case and ultimately won, using time stamps to prove she wrote the paper. This wasn’t the only time educators falsely labeled assignments as AI-generated. A Texas A&M commerce professor attempted to flunk over half of his senior class after using ChatGPT to test whether the students used the chatbot to write their papers. He copied and pasted the papers into ChatGPT and asked if it wrote them, to which it replied yes. This caused their diplomas to be withheld by the university, though the professor offered the opportunity to redo the assignment. However, the university confirmed to Insider no students were failed or barred from graduating.

Key Background

OpenAI’s chatbot, ChatGPT, was opened to the public in November 2022, and in less than a week surpassed the million-users mark, with people using it for things like creating code and writing essays. The AI’s intelligence led to several schools either indefinitely or temporarily banning the software, including New York Public Schools, Seattle Public Schools and the Los Angeles Unified School District.

There are already many existing programs and services that promise to identify AI-written content.

• TurnitIn released an AI detection tool for papers. Before, it only had the capability to check for plagiarism. The feature has been added to its similarity report and shows an overall percentage of the amount of work AI software generated within the paper. The company claims its AI detection tool is 98% accurate at spotting AI-written work. Its detection model is trained to detect content from GPT-3 and GPT-3.5 language models, including ChatGPT. However, it claims that because GPT-4’s writing characteristics are similar to earlier models, it can detect content from this version “most of the time.”
• Copyleaks claims to have an AI detection accuracy rate of 99%. Its software can detect AI-generated text across several models, including GPT-4 and earlier versions, and content created with Jasper AI. It also says it can detect AI content in multiple languages, including Spanish, Russian, French, Dutch and German.
• Winston AI launched in February, and claims it performs this task with 99% accuracy. It only supports detection in English and French, though the company is looking to expand this soon to Spanish and German. It can detect content made using ChatGPT, Bard, Bing Chat, GPT-4 and other text generation tools.
• OpenAI’s Classifier launched in January to distinguish between AI-written and human-written text. Though these are the same makers behind ChatGPT, the tool isn’t very accurate. It has a success rate of around 26% and incorrectly labels human work as AI work 9% of the time. However, OpenAI claims the accuracy increases as the length of the text increases as well. It’s “very unreliable” on texts with 1,000 characters or less, and OpenAI only recommends using the software on documents written in English. The company also warns against using Classifier as the primary decision making tool and suggests using it to complement other methods of detection.
• AI Writing Check was developed by Quill and CommonLit to help teachers check for AI-created work in assignments. Its developers predict its accuracy is between 80% and 90%. It only allows detection for text up to 400 words at a time and for anything longer, users must break it down into sections. The detection software was created by OpenAI and is able to identify language syntactical patterns within text that aren’t quite humanlike.

Further Reading

ChatGPT In Schools: Here’s Where It’s Banned—And How It Could Potentially Help Students (Forbes)

Here’s What To Know About OpenAI’s ChatGPT—What It’s Disrupting And How To Use It (Forbes)

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ChatGPT and similar tools are becoming increasingly popular. While they can be handy for specific purposes, it's still vital to understand that AI-created text may result in various penalties.

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It is vital to know what content has been written by AI or humans, whether you’re looking at a blog post, browsing the Internet, or reading a college essay. Our free ChatGPT detector can help you to check any type of text.

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ChatGPT AI Detector

The first AI chatbot, launched in November 2022, quickly gained users’ attention for its detailed responses. However, it often provides inaccurate facts and false answers.

Our ChatGPT essay checker can easily detect the use of this technology so that you can be sure what was artificially created with the help of this algorithm.

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Our free service is capable of detecting GPT-4, as well as the earlier version of ChatGPT responses. We have implemented a state-of-art algorithm, which incorporates keyword extraction and sentiment analysis. This helps us to determine texts made with pre-trained language models.

The AI-Detector.net model uses contextual and structural clues to recognize machine-generated texts.

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There are many online writing tools that use GPT-3 or similar natural language processing models. We have created our AI Detector with the capability to recognize topic modeling and find flag words and language patterns that are typical for artificial intelligence and uncommon for humans. That’s why it can easily verify whether something was written by AI or real people and show it to you in a detailed report.

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Frequently asked questions

How can i detect ai writing.

Tools called AI detectors are designed to label text as AI-generated or human. AI detectors work by looking for specific characteristics in the text, such as a low level of randomness in word choice and sentence length. These characteristics are typical of AI writing, allowing the detector to make a good guess at when text is AI-generated.

But these tools can’t guarantee 100% accuracy. Check out our comparison of the best AI detectors to learn more.

You can also manually watch for clues that a text is AI-generated—for example, a very different style from the writer’s usual voice or a generic, overly polite tone.

Frequently asked questions: AI tools

Some real-life applications of reinforcement learning include:

• Healthcare. Reinforcement learning can be used to create personalized treatment strategies, known as dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs), for patients with long-term illnesses. The input is a set of clinical observations and assessments of a patient. The outputs are the treatment options or drug dosages for every stage of the patient’s journey.
• Education. Reinforcement learning can be used to create personalized learning experiences for students. This includes tutoring systems that adapt to student needs, identify knowledge gaps, and suggest customized learning trajectories to enhance educational outcomes.
• Natural language processing (NLP) . Text summarization, question answering, machine translation, and predictive text are all NLP applications using reinforcement learning.
• Robotics. Deep learning and reinforcement learning can be used to train robots that have the ability to grasp various objects , even objects they have never encountered before. This can, for example, be used in the context of an assembly line.

Knowledge representation and reasoning (KRR) is the study of how to represent information about the world in a form that can be used by a computer system to solve and reason about complex problems. It is an important field of artificial intelligence (AI) research.

An example of a KRR application is a semantic network, a way of grouping words or concepts by how closely related they are and formally defining the relationships between them so that a machine can “understand” language in something like the way people do.

A related concept is information extraction , concerned with how to get structured information from unstructured sources.

Yes, you can use ChatGPT to summarize text . This can help you understand complex information more easily, summarize the central argument of your own paper, or clarify your research question.

You can also use Scribbr’s free text summarizer , which is designed specifically for this purpose.

Yes, you can use ChatGPT to paraphrase text to help you express your ideas more clearly, explore different ways of phrasing your arguments, and avoid repetition.

However, it’s not specifically designed for this purpose. We recommend using a specialized tool like Scribbr’s free paraphrasing tool , which will provide a smoother user experience.

Yes, you use ChatGPT to help write your college essay by having it generate feedback on certain aspects of your work (consistency of tone, clarity of structure, etc.).

However, ChatGPT is not able to adequately judge qualities like vulnerability and authenticity. For this reason, it’s important to also ask for feedback from people who have experience with college essays and who know you well. Alternatively, you can get advice using Scribbr’s essay editing service .

No, having ChatGPT write your college essay can negatively impact your application in numerous ways. ChatGPT outputs are unoriginal and lack personal insight.

Furthermore, Passing off AI-generated text as your own work is considered academically dishonest . AI detectors may be used to detect this offense, and it’s highly unlikely that any university will accept you if you are caught submitting an AI-generated admission essay.

However, you can use ChatGPT to help write your college essay during the preparation and revision stages (e.g., for brainstorming ideas and generating feedback).

Although the terms artificial intelligence and machine learning are often used interchangeably, they are distinct (but related) concepts:

• Artificial intelligence is a broad term that encompasses any process or technology aiming to build machines and computers that can perform complex tasks typically associated with human intelligence, like decision-making or translating.
• Machine learning is a subfield of artificial intelligence that uses data and algorithms to teach computers how to learn and perform specific tasks without human interference.

In other words, machine learning is a specific approach or technique used to achieve the overarching goal of AI to build intelligent systems.

Traditional programming and machine learning are essentially different approaches to problem-solving.

In traditional programming, a programmer manually provides specific instructions to the computer based on their understanding and analysis of the problem. If the data or the problem changes, the programmer needs to manually update the code.

In contrast, in machine learning the process is automated: we feed data to a computer and it comes up with a solution (i.e. a model) without being explicitly instructed on how to do this. Because the ML model learns by itself, it can handle new data or new scenarios.

Overall, traditional programming is a more fixed approach where the programmer designs the solution explicitly, while ML is a more flexible and adaptive approach where the ML model learns from data to generate a solution.

A real-life application of machine learning is an email spam filter. To create such a filter, we would collect data consisting of various email messages and features (subject line, sender information, etc.) which we would label as spam or not spam. We would then train the model to recognize which features are associated with spam emails. In this way, the ML model would be able to classify any incoming emails as either unwanted or legitimate.

ChatGPT and other AI writing tools can have unethical uses. These include:

• Reproducing biases and false information
• Using ChatGPT to cheat in academic contexts
• Violating the privacy of others by inputting personal information

However, when used correctly, AI writing tools can be helpful resources for improving your academic writing and research skills. Some ways to use ChatGPT ethically include:

• Following your institution’s guidelines
• Critically evaluating outputs
• Being transparent about how you used the tool

Generative AI technology typically uses large language models (LLMs) , which are powered by neural networks —computer systems designed to mimic the structures of brains. These LLMs are trained on a huge quantity of data (e.g., text, images) to recognize patterns that they then follow in the content they produce.

For example, a chatbot like ChatGPT generally has a good idea of what word should come next in a sentence because it has been trained on billions of sentences and “learned” what words are likely to appear, in what order, in each context.

This makes generative AI applications vulnerable to the problem of hallucination —errors in their outputs such as unjustified factual claims or visual bugs in generated images. These tools essentially “guess” what a good response to the prompt would be, and they have a pretty good success rate because of the large amount of training data they have to draw on, but they can and do go wrong.

Supervised learning should be used when your dataset consists of labeled data and your goal is to predict or classify new, unseen data based on the patterns learned from the labeled examples. 

Tasks like image classification, sentiment analysis, and predictive modeling are common in supervised learning.

Unsupervised learning should be used when your data is unlabeled and your goal is to discover the inherent structure or pattern in the data. 

This approach is helpful for tasks like clustering, association, and dimensionality reduction.

I n classification , the goal is to assign input data to specific, predefined categories. The output in classification is typically a label or a class from a set of predefined options.

In regression , the goal is to establish a relationship between input variables and the output. The output in regression is a real-valued number that can vary within a range.

In both supervised learning approaches the goal is to find patterns or relationships in the input data so we can accurately predict the desired outcomes. The difference is that classification predicts categorical classes (like spam), while regression predicts continuous numerical values (like age, income, or temperature).

Generative art  is art that has been created (generated) by some sort of autonomous system rather than directly by a human artist. Nowadays , the term is commonly used to refer to images created by generative AI tools like Midjourney and DALL-E. These tools use neural networks to create art automatically based on a prompt from the user (e.g., “an elephant painted in the style of Goya”).

However, the term has been in use since before this technology existed, and it can also refer to any technique use by an artist (or writer, musician, etc.) to create art according to a process that proceeds autonomously—i.e., outside of the artist’s direct control. Examples of generative art that does not involve AI include serialism in music and the cut-up technique in literature.

Information extraction  refers to the process of starting from unstructured sources (e.g., text documents written in ordinary English) and automatically extracting structured information (i.e., data in a clearly defined format that’s easily understood by computers). It’s an important concept in natural language processing (NLP) .

For example, you might think of using news articles full of celebrity gossip to automatically create a database of the relationships between the celebrities mentioned (e.g., married, dating, divorced, feuding). You would end up with data in a structured format, something like MarriageBetween(celebrity 1 ,celebrity 2 ,date) .

The challenge involves developing systems that can “understand” the text well enough to extract this kind of data from it.

Deep reinforcement learning is the combination of deep learning and reinforcement learning .

• Deep learning is a collection of techniques using artificial neural networks that mimic the structure of the human brain. With deep learning, computers can recognize complex patterns in large amounts of data, extract insights, or make predictions, without being explicitly programmed to do so. The training can consist of supervised learning , unsupervised learning , or reinforcement learning.
• Reinforcement learning (RL) is a learning mode in which a computer interacts with an environment, receives feedback and, based on that, adjusts its decision-making strategy.
• Deep reinforcement learning is a specialized form of RL that utilizes deep neural networks to solve more complex problems. In deep reinforcement learning, we combine the pattern recognition strengths of deep learning and neural networks with the feedback-based learning of RL.

A key challenge that arises in reinforcement learning (RL) is the trade-off between exploration and exploitation . This challenge is unique to RL and doesn’t arise in supervised or unsupervised learning .

Exploration is any action that lets the agent discover new features about the environment, while exploitation is capitalizing on knowledge already gained. If the agent continues to exploit only past experiences, it is likely to get stuck in a suboptimal policy. On the other hand, if it continues to explore without exploiting, it might never find a good policy.

An agent must find the right balance between the two so that it can discover the optimal policy that yields the maximum rewards.

Algorithms and computer programs are sometimes used interchangeably, but they refer to two distinct but interrelated concepts.

• An algorithm is a step-by-step instruction for solving a problem that is precise yet general.
• Computer programs are specific implementations of an algorithm in a specific programming language. In other words, the algorithm is the high-level description of an idea, while the program is the actual implementation of that idea.

Algorithms and artificial intelligence (AI) are not the same, however they are closely related.

• Artificial intelligence is a broad term describing computer systems performing tasks usually associated with human intelligence like decision-making, pattern recognition, or learning from experience.
• Algorithms are the instructions that AI uses to carry out these tasks, therefore we could say that algorithms are the building blocks of AI—even though AI involves more advanced capabilities beyond just following instructions.

In computer science, an algorithm is a list of unambiguous instructions that specify successive steps to solve a problem or perform a task. Algorithms help computers execute tasks like playing games or sorting a list of numbers. In other words, computers use algorithms to understand what to do and give you the result you need.

Algorithms are valuable to us because they:

• Form the basis of much of the technology we use in our daily lives, from mobile apps to search engines.
• Power innovations in various industries that augment our abilities (e.g., AI assistants or medical diagnosis).
• Help analyze large volumes of data, discover patterns and make informed decisions in a fast and efficient way, at a scale humans are simply not able to do.
• Automate processes. By streamlining tasks, algorithms increase efficiency, reduce errors, and save valuable time.

Grammarly Premium is one of the pricier writing assistant subscriptions. For example, QuillBot offers many of the same tools and features that Grammarly does at a more reasonable price.

Read our full Grammarly review .

Grammarly corrects spelling, grammar, and punctuation errors while also enhancing other areas of your writing. Similar to other writing assistants, including QuillBot, Grammarly incorporates artificial intelligence (AI) and custom-created rules and patterns to revise mistakes and other imperfections in your text.

Grammarly Premium is more expensive than many other writing assistants. QuillBot, for example, provides many of the same tools and features at a more affordable rate.

• Grammarly costs $144 annually, whereas QuillBot costs $99.95 annually.
• Grammarly offers quarterly subscriptions for $60 ($20 per month), whereas QuillBot offers a semi-annual subscription that costs $79.95 ($13.33 per month).
• When billed monthly, Grammarly costs $30 whereas QuillBot costs $19.95

For more information, read our full Grammarly review .

Full access to Originality.ai’s tools requires user registration and payment.

Originality.ai does offer free, limited access to some of its features. For example, its AI checker provides three free scans per day, with a 300-word limit per scan.

Originality.ai offers two pricing options. The pay-as-you-go option costs $30 and includes 3,000 credits, while the base subscription costs $14.95 per month and includes 2,000 monthly credits.

Each credit can be used to check 100 words for plagiarism and AI detection, or 10 words for fact checking.

Writers should strongly consider using the AI checker and additional tools provided by either Originality.ai, QuillBot, or other alternatives. Because of the advancements in AI, many publishers and clients rely on these tools to evaluate and authenticate content. Using these tools allows writers to be proactive and check whether their writing appears to be AI-generated.

Publishers and other businesses managing multiple writers should consider employing the AI checker and various tools offered by Originality.ai, QuillBot, or other alternatives. Despite the advancements in AI, relying solely on AI-generated text can be detrimental to any business. These tools make it easy to ensure that the content you publish is credible, original, and human-written.

No, it’s not a good idea to do so in general—first, because it’s normally considered plagiarism or academic dishonesty to represent someone else’s work as your own (even if that “someone” is an AI language model). Even if you cite ChatGPT , you’ll still be penalized unless this is specifically allowed by your university . Institutions may use AI detectors to enforce these rules.

Second, ChatGPT can recombine existing texts, but it cannot really generate new knowledge. And it lacks specialist knowledge of academic topics. Therefore, it is not possible to obtain original research results, and the text produced may contain factual errors.

However, you can usually still use ChatGPT for assignments in other ways, as a source of inspiration and feedback.

No, it is not possible to cite your sources with ChatGPT . You can ask it to create citations, but it isn’t designed for this task and tends to make up sources that don’t exist or present information in the wrong format. ChatGPT also cannot add citations to direct quotes in your text.

Instead, use a tool designed for this purpose, like the Scribbr Citation Generator .

But you can use ChatGPT for assignments in other ways, to provide inspiration, feedback, and general writing advice.

ChatGPT is a chatbot based on a large language model (LLM). These models are trained on huge datasets consisting of hundreds of billions of words of text, based on which the model learns to effectively predict natural responses to the prompts you enter.

ChatGPT was also refined through a process called reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), which involves “rewarding” the model for providing useful answers and discouraging inappropriate answers—encouraging it to make fewer mistakes.

Essentially, ChatGPT’s answers are based on predicting the most likely responses to your inputs based on its training data, with a reward system on top of this to incentivize it to give you the most helpful answers possible. It’s a bit like an incredibly advanced version of predictive text. This is also one of ChatGPT’s limitations : because its answers are based on probabilities, they’re not always trustworthy .

ChatGPT is owned by OpenAI , the company that developed and released it. OpenAI is a company dedicated to AI research. It started as a nonprofit company in 2015 but transitioned to for-profit in 2019. Its current CEO is Sam Altman, who also co-founded the company.

In terms of who owns the content generated by ChatGPT , OpenAI states that it will not claim copyright on this content , and the terms of use state that “you can use Content for any purpose, including commercial purposes such as sale or publication.” This means that you effectively own any content you generate with ChatGPT and can use it for your own purposes.

Be cautious about how you use ChatGPT content in an academic context. University policies on AI writing are still developing, so even if you “own” the content, you’re often not allowed to submit it as your own work according to your university or to publish it in a journal. AI detectors may be used to detect ChatGPT content.

ChatGPT was created by OpenAI, an AI research company. It started as a nonprofit company in 2015 but became for-profit in 2019. Its CEO is Sam Altman, who also co-founded the company. OpenAI released ChatGPT as a free “research preview” in November 2022. Currently, it’s still available for free, although a more advanced premium version is available if you pay for it.

OpenAI is also known for developing DALL-E, an AI image generator that runs on similar technology to ChatGPT.

GPT  stands for “generative pre-trained transformer,” which is a type of large language model: a neural network trained on a very large amount of text to produce convincing, human-like language outputs. The Chat part of the name just means “chat”: ChatGPT is a chatbot that you interact with by typing in text.

The technology behind ChatGPT is GPT-3.5 (in the free version) or GPT-4 (in the premium version). These are the names for the specific versions of the GPT model. GPT-4 is currently the most advanced model that OpenAI has created. It’s also the model used in Bing’s chatbot feature.

AI writing tools can be used to perform a variety of tasks.

Generative AI writing tools (like ChatGPT ) generate text based on human inputs and can be used for interactive learning, to provide feedback, or to generate research questions or outlines.

These tools can also be used to paraphrase or summarize text or to identify grammar and punctuation mistakes. Y ou can also use Scribbr’s free paraphrasing tool , summarizing tool , and grammar checker , which are designed specifically for these purposes.

Using AI writing tools (like ChatGPT ) to write your essay is usually considered plagiarism and may result in penalization, unless it is allowed by your university . Text generated by AI tools is based on existing texts and therefore cannot provide unique insights. Furthermore, these outputs sometimes contain factual inaccuracies or grammar mistakes.

However, AI writing tools can be used effectively as a source of feedback and inspiration for your writing (e.g., to generate research questions ). Other AI tools, like grammar checkers, can help identify and eliminate grammar and punctuation mistakes to enhance your writing.

ChatGPT conversations are generally used to train future models and to resolve issues/bugs. These chats may be monitored by human AI trainers.

However, users can opt out of having their conversations used for training. In these instances, chats are monitored only for potential abuse.

OpenAI may store ChatGPT conversations for the purposes of future training. Additionally, these conversations may be monitored by human AI trainers.

Users can choose not to have their chat history saved. Unsaved chats are not used to train future models and are permanently deleted from ChatGPT’s system after 30 days.

The official ChatGPT app is currently only available on iOS devices. If you don’t have an iOS device, only use the official OpenAI website to access the tool. This helps to eliminate the potential risk of downloading fraudulent or malicious software.

Yes, using ChatGPT as a conversation partner is a great way to practice a language in an interactive way.

Try using a prompt like this one:

“Please be my Spanish conversation partner. Only speak to me in Spanish. Keep your answers short (maximum 50 words). Ask me questions. Let’s start the conversation with the following topic: [conversation topic].”

AI detectors aim to identify the presence of AI-generated text (e.g., from ChatGPT ) in a piece of writing, but they can’t do so with complete accuracy. In our comparison of the best AI detectors , we found that the 10 tools we tested had an average accuracy of 60%. The best free tool had 68% accuracy, the best premium tool 84%.

Because of how AI detectors work , they can never guarantee 100% accuracy, and there is always at least a small risk of false positives (human text being marked as AI-generated). Therefore, these tools should not be relied upon to provide absolute proof that a text is or isn’t AI-generated. Rather, they can provide a good indication in combination with other evidence.

You can use ChatGPT to assist in the writing process for your research paper , thesis , or dissertation in the following ways:

• Developing a research question
• Creating an outline
• Generating literature ideas
• Paraphrasing text
• Getting feedback

Our research into the best summary generators (aka summarizers or summarizing tools) found that the best summarizer available is the one offered by QuillBot.

While many summarizers just pick out some sentences from the text, QuillBot generates original summaries that are creative, clear, accurate, and concise. It can summarize texts of up to 1,200 words for free, or up to 6,000 with a premium subscription.

Try the QuillBot summarizer for free

Deep learning models can be biased in their predictions if the training data consist of biased information. For example, if a deep learning model used for screening job applicants has been trained with a dataset consisting primarily of white male applicants, it will consistently favor this specific population over others.

Deep learning requires a large dataset (e.g., images or text) to learn from. The more diverse and representative the data, the better the model will learn to recognize objects or make predictions. Only when the training data is sufficiently varied can the model make accurate predictions or recognize objects from new data.

ChatGPT prompts   are the textual inputs (e.g., questions, instructions) that you enter into ChatGPT to get responses.

ChatGPT predicts an appropriate response to the prompt you entered. In general, a more specific and carefully worded prompt will get you better responses.

A good ChatGPT prompt (i.e., one that will get you the kinds of responses you want):

• Gives the tool a role to explain what type of answer you expect from it
• Is precisely formulated and gives enough context
• Is free from bias
• Has been tested and improved by experimenting with the tool

Yes, ChatGPT is currently available for free. You have to sign up for a free account to use the tool, and you should be aware that your data may be collected to train future versions of the model.

To sign up and use the tool for free, go to this page and click “Sign up.” You can do so with your email or with a Google account.

A premium version of the tool called ChatGPT Plus is available as a monthly subscription. It currently costs $20 and gets you access to features like GPT-4 (a more advanced version of the language model). But it’s optional: you can use the tool completely free if you’re not interested in the extra features.

It’s not clear whether ChatGPT will stop being available for free in the future—and if so, when. The tool was originally released in November 2022 as a “research preview.” It was released for free so that the model could be tested on a very large user base.

The framing of the tool as a “preview” suggests that it may not be available for free in the long run, but so far, no plans have been announced to end free access to the tool.

A premium version, ChatGPT Plus, is available for $20 a month and provides access to features like GPT-4, a more advanced version of the model. It may be that this is the only way OpenAI (the publisher of ChatGPT) plans to monetize it and that the basic version will remain free. Or it may be that the high costs of running the tool’s servers lead them to end the free version in the future. We don’t know yet.

ChatGPT is currently free to use. You just have to sign up for a free account (using your email address or your Google account), and you can start using the tool immediately. It’s possible that the tool will require a subscription to use in the future, but no plans for this have been announced so far.

A premium subscription for the tool is available, however. It’s called ChatGPT Plus and costs $20 a month. It gets you access to features like GPT-4 (a more advanced version of the model) and faster responses. But it’s entirely optional: you only need to subscribe if you want these advanced features.

ChatGPT was publicly released on November 30, 2022. At the time of its release, it was described as a “research preview,” but it is still available now, and no plans have been announced so far to take it offline or charge for access.

ChatGPT continues to receive updates adding more features and fixing bugs. The most recent update at the time of writing was on May 24, 2023.

You can access ChatGPT by signing up for a free account:

• Follow this link to the ChatGPT website.
• Click on “Sign up” and fill in the necessary details (or use your Google account). It’s free to sign up and use the tool.
• Type a prompt into the chat box to get started!

A ChatGPT app is also available for iOS, and an Android app is planned for the future. The app works similarly to the website, and you log in with the same account for both.

According to OpenAI’s terms of use, users have the right to reproduce text generated by ChatGPT during conversations.

However, publishing ChatGPT outputs may have legal implications , such as copyright infringement.

Users should be aware of such issues and use ChatGPT outputs as a source of inspiration instead.

According to OpenAI’s terms of use, users have the right to use outputs from their own ChatGPT conversations for any purpose (including commercial publication).

However, users should be aware of the potential legal implications of publishing ChatGPT outputs. ChatGPT responses are not always unique: different users may receive the same response.

Furthermore, ChatGPT outputs may contain copyrighted material. Users may be liable if they reproduce such material.

ChatGPT can sometimes reproduce biases from its training data , since it draws on the text it has “seen” to create plausible responses to your prompts.

For example, users have shown that it sometimes makes sexist assumptions such as that a doctor mentioned in a prompt must be a man rather than a woman. Some have also pointed out political bias in terms of which political figures the tool is willing to write positively or negatively about and which requests it refuses.

The tool is unlikely to be consistently biased toward a particular perspective or against a particular group. Rather, its responses are based on its training data and on the way you phrase your ChatGPT prompts . It’s sensitive to phrasing, so asking it the same question in different ways will result in quite different answers.

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The Scribbr Citation Generator is developed using the open-source Citation Style Language (CSL) project and Frank Bennett’s citeproc-js . It’s the same technology used by dozens of other popular citation tools, including Mendeley and Zotero.

You can find all the citation styles and locales used in the Scribbr Citation Generator in our publicly accessible repository on Github .

How To Check If Something Was Written with AI (ChatGPT)

Anyone who has spent a few minutes playing around with ChatGPT is undoubtedly blown away. But with this comes the spam of AI-written content. It's getting harder and harder to tell what samples of writing have actually been written by people like you and me.

If you're looking to reword and humanize something you've written with AI because it reads funky, you should check out Undetectable AI . It helps make AI-generated writing more human-like to get the most out of tools like ChatGPT & Claude

It's not always clear, and unfortunately, it's also not something you can prove, but there are tools that can assist this process. After over a year of researching how to detect AI, here are my technical and non-technical methods for checking if something was written or generated using AI.

How To Tell If An Article Was Written With AI

Detecting AI-generated content requires multiple samples of writing and various tools and still involves an aspect of predictability. Please do not rely on a single method of AI content detection to claim something was written with AI.

Even I still find myself getting stumped depending on the complexity of the AI used, especially as AI gets better. But here are tools and methods to help you spot an AI’s writing:

Use CopyLeaks AI Detector

A free AI detector that's popped up with good reliability has been Copyleaks . The detector alerts you if it believes something is AI-written or human-generated with no extra fluff.

You input texts, at least 350 characters minimum, and it’ll check for AI content in seconds. The best part: you can check up to 2000 pages worth of content with no character limits. All for free!

The tool supports GPT-4 in addition to older GPT versions, along with other generative AI outputs like Bloom, Jaspr, and Rytr. You can check out their published report if you want to read about their accuracy studies.

They also offer a basic and enhanced detection model. For the latter, you'll be asked to create an account. This doesn't change anything regarding the AI Content Detector tool, but it does give you an overview of other features Copyleaks has to offer. 

They also have a free Chrome extension that allows you to check directly within your browser. Compared to its Web-based platform, the extension can only account for a maximum of 25,000 characters.

Utilize Undetectable AI's Multi-Detection Tool

Undetectable AI is my next suggestion to help predict if something was written with AI. The tool works by checking content through a fine-tuned model that’s been trained off batched documents submitted to each of the AI detectors they feature (Sapling, GPTZero, etc).

Behind the scenes, the tool assigns a likelihood based on its training to give a predictable result. So, when using Undetectable AI, it basically detects whether the sample writing is AI-writing. This is done based on 8 different variations of detectors at once.

To use Undetectable's AI Checker , paste your sample of writing inside the input box & submit it for testing! You'll see results from popular detection tools like GPTZero , Writer, Crossplag, Copyleaks , Sapling, Content At Scale , and ZeroGPT .

It’s also free to use until you hit the word limit, then it’ll ask you to make an account.

Originality.ai's Detector & Text Visualizer

If you want to go a step further than testing your article across various detection tools, you could use Originality AI to both check & visualize the writing progression. Originality is the harshest AI detection software I've ever used (take that as you wish).

The text visualizer feature is what sets it apart from many other AI writing detectors. If you are getting anything submitted to you through Google Docs, you can check the writing with Originality & then rebuild the article using their visualizer to see if it involved a lot of copy-pasting.

It looks something like this:

Combine this with their writing detection tool and you'll have some really good intuition as to the origins of your suspected writing. In the example above, I actually gave a task to a writer I hired and they used AI to generate about half of it.

You can see it clearly when things get copied and pasted before getting tweaked.

Originality uses a combination of GPT-4 and other natural language models (all trained on a massive amount of data) to determine if submitted writing seems predictable.

You can install their Chrome extension to test their AI detector tool on your writings. However, it’s limited to 500 words as you are given only 50 free credits (1 credit scans 100 words).

They have 2 pricing options:

• $30 for a one-time fee, giving you 3000 credits and a 2-year expiry date.
• $14.95 monthly, providing you with 2000 credits. It also saves you about 25% and can be canceled anytime. 

As a bonus feature, you can also fact-check information at 10 words per credit. Plagiarism also gets detected by default at 100 words per credit.

Remember, 5% AI doesn't mean 5% of the sample was written with AI. It means if you flipped 100 coins to predict whether something was written with AI, the detection tool would guess it was AI 5 out of those 100 times.

Teachers have been confusing these percentage values, and it's ended up getting students in trouble , which hasn't been too good to hear.

Regarding plagiarism, it's also very impressive. Originality was able to find the exact blog I "copied" the content from and marked the text as being copied from a website (this one!!!). For what it's worth, combining AI detection with a plagiarism checker is an additional measure to be even more confident about the origins of written content.

Originality has been my go-to tool for anyone looking to bulk test writing.

They will also keep your scans saved in your account dashboard for easy access in the future.

Acceptable Detection Scores

According to the CEO of Originality AI, their AI detector only tells the probability of a text written by an AI or Human. So he suggests a range of acceptable detection scores depending on a company’s practice:  

• Zero AI Usage: 65-90%+ Human
• AI-assisted Research: 50-75% Human
• Edited AI-generated Content: 50-60% Human

The longer sample you input increases the chance of detection being more reliable (larger sample sizes = more reliable detection). But reliability doesn't mean accuracy! Also, the more content you scan by the same writer, the better you will know when deciding if their writing is legitimate.

Just be careful, as some results end up with false positives and false negatives. It is best to review a series of articles and make a call on a writer/service. Which is far better than passing judgment on a single article or text snippet.

Run It Through GPTZero

I like GPTZero because they seem to be one of the only AI detection companies that really cares about what they flag. While they can't promise 100% accurate detection, they only tend to mark something as AI if they're confident about it. You can read our full review if you want to learn more.

They focus more on academic and educational writing, with a goal of being used in the classroom. The tool is run by a team of talented ML & software engineers and built on 7 "components" of tech, likely making it the most accurate and reliable AI detection tool that is publicly available today. You can also upload files to it, which makes it even more efficient.

Content at Scale AI Detector (casual writing & free)

The team over at Content at Scale released a free AI detector that is also super quick and efficient. It can also test up to 2,500  characters at a time, which is about 300-500 words. 

To use the tool, paste the writing into the detection field and submit it. In just a few seconds, you'll see an overall score on the right. 

These scores are a simplified explanation of what's going on behind the scenes. Human-produced writing is not very predictable because it doesn't always follow patterns. AI writing is the opposite, it only knows patterns.   

A big part of how AI prediction works is by trying to recreate patterns . They are great indicators because AI generators are literally trained to recognize them to produce what "fits" existing patterns the best. The more your text matches existing formats of writing, the higher the probability it was generated.

The tool will also show you a line-by-line breakdown highlighting which parts of your content have been flagged as human, suspicious, or blatant AI. It will also give tips on how to improve each part!

Below are two screenshots of a ChatGPT output compared to human writing. 

The Technical & Syntactical Signs

The next way to tell if an AI has generated a piece of content is to look at the technical aspects of the writing. This isn't as concrete & may seem obvious, but if you're having trouble with the previous tools or just want to break down further writing you've come across, you should look deep at the content. Here are a few things to look for:

1. Watch out for Transitional Words. ChatGPT loves to use transitional words. Every few lines, it'll insert another one. Words like ‘Furthermore,’ ‘Additionally,’ ‘Moreover,’ ‘Consequently,’ and ‘Hence’ are frequently written but don't always appear in human writing. We don't really "transition" our writing unless it's something more formal or professional.

2. Big vocabulary words are suspicious.

‘Utilized,’ ‘implemented,’ ‘leveraged,’ ‘elucidated,’ and ‘ascertained’ are often overused. But what human talks like that in a general article they would write? Almost none.

In human conversations, simpler terms like ‘used’, ‘explained,’ and ‘found’ are more common and relatable.

If you've tested creative and unique content using one of the detection tools, I'd say it's in the clear. You need to look further into the technical content that comes off as confidently fishy.

3. Repetition of words and phrases: Another way to spot AI-generated content is by looking for repetition of words and phrases. This is the result of the AI trying to fill up space with relevant keywords (aka – it doesn't really know what it's talking about).

So, if you're reading an article and it feels like the same word is being used over and over again, there's a higher chance an AI wrote it. Some of the spammy AI-generation SEO tools love keyword-stuffing articles. Keyword stuffing is when you repeat a word or phrase so many times that it sounds unnatural.

Some articles have their target keyword in what feels like every other sentence. Once you spot it, you won't be able to focus on the article. It's also extremely off-putting for readers.

4. Lack of analysis: A third way to tell if an AI wrote an article is if it lacks complex analysis. Machines are good at collecting data, but they're not so good at turning it into something meaningful.

If you're reading an article and it feels like it's just a list of facts with no real insight or analysis, there's an even higher chance it was written with AI. With ChatGPT , we're nearing the point where AI is able to start to analyze writing, but I still find responses to be very "robotic."

People are starting to use AI to reply to tweets but don't realize how painfully cookie-cutter their responses are! You'll notice AI-generated writing is a lot better for static writing (like about history, facts, etc) compared to creative or analytical writing. The more information a topic has, the better AI can write & manipulate it.

5. Hallucination of Inaccurate data: This one is more common in AI-generated product descriptions but can also be found in blog posts and articles. THIS IS A HUGE INDICATOR! Since machines collect data from various sources, they sometimes make mistakes or use outdated information.

If a machine doesn't know something but is required to give an output, it'll predict numbers based on patterns (which aren't accurate). This happens all the time and is (in my opinion) the easiest predictor of AI.

So, if you're reading an article and you spot several discrepancies between the facts and the numbers, you can be very confident that what you just read was written using AI. If you come across spammy content, report it to Google. Save someone else the pain of having to waste their time reading something that is clearly inaccurate!

Verify The Sources & Author's Credibility

This one might seem a bit unnecessary for a single blog, but it's still worth mentioning. If you're reading an article and the domain seems to be randomly associated with the content posted, that's your first red flag.

But more importantly, you should check the sources that are being used in the article (if any). If an author is using sources from questionable websites or simply declares things without any source, it's either:

• The author isn't doing their research, or 
• They could simply be automating a bunch of AI-generated content.

If you're trying to check an article on Google, click the menu and see all the information Google has on the site. Here's what that looks like for us:

You can see we were indexed by Google about 2 years ago, but Google doesn't really know too much about us yet. Combine this with your own judgment to make your decision if something seems to be trustworthy.

OpenAI Even Discontinued Their Official AI Detector

The company behind the madness themselves, OpenAI, released a tool a few months ago to help detect writing. Using the official tool, OpenAI had initially claimed only 26% of AI-written samples they tested were identified properly as AI.

With some doubt from the online marketing & writing community about the tool's accuracy, it seems like they were actually correct as OpenAI discontinued & removed their own AI detection tool from the website on July 20th, 2023:

As of July 20, 2023, the AI classifier is no longer available due to its low rate of accuracy. We are working to incorporate feedback and are currently researching more effective provenance techniques for text, and have made a commitment to develop and deploy mechanisms that enable users to understand if audio or visual content is AI-generated. https://openai.com/blog/new-ai-classifier-for-indicating-ai-written-text

My initial thoughts on the detection tool were it really looked like a coin toss. I tested many outputs from ChatGPT and got "unable to tell" and "unlikely written by AI." I never used the tool.

Gold Penguin's AI Detection Tool

A few weeks ago I got together with a development team and had them create us our very own AI detection tool . I was not happy using tools that over-detected a lot of writing. If it's THAT hard to decipher if something was written with AI or not – I'll just leave it as it is.

I didn't want anything to get detected when it wasn't, even if that meant I would let some actual AI get through. But that's fine, this technology can't accurately detect everything anyways.

The tool is free and, like every other tool, should only be taken with a grain of salt. It's great for letting you know if something is OBVIOUSLY AI, but for more intricate tools, you should probably use another tool.

What's Going To Happen Next?

It's not the easiest to tell if an AI wrote an article because you truthfully can't be sure. To make matters worse, AI just gets so much better each day. What is GPT-5 going to look like in a few months? I can't even imagine.

That said if you're questioning whether an article was written by an AI, your best bet is to use a combination of all of these tools and your own judgment. Test multiple papers by the same author for further reliability.

Make sure to remember to take the results you see with a grain of salt. Nothing you see is conclusive in any way, shape, or form since there's no concrete way to detect AI. Keep in mind that what you're working with leaves no watermark; you're just looking at words on a screen.

Hopefully, these new tools will benefit us, primarily by allowing skeptics to filter out AI-generated content on the Internet, in the news, and in school systems worldwide.

As AI becomes more sophisticated, the line between human and machine-generated content becomes increasingly blurry. It's only a matter of time until everything reaches the point where AI-generated content becomes indistinguishable.

Related Articles

Student Creates App to Detect Essays Written by AI

In response to the text-generating bot ChatGPT, the new tool measures sentence complexity and variation to predict whether an author was human

Margaret Osborne

Daily Correspondent

In November, artificial intelligence company OpenAI released a powerful new bot called ChatGPT, a free tool that can generate text about a variety of topics based on a user’s prompts. The AI quickly captivated users across the internet, who asked it to write anything from song lyrics in the style of a particular artist to programming code.

But the technology has also sparked concerns of AI plagiarism among teachers, who have seen students use the app to write their assignments and claim the work as their own. Some professors have shifted their curricula because of ChatGPT, replacing take-home essays with in-class assignments, handwritten papers or oral exams, reports Kalley Huang for the New York Times . 

“[ChatGPT] is very much coming up with original content,” Kendall Hartley , a professor of educational training at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, tells Scripps News . “So, when I run it through the services that I use for plagiarism detection, it shows up as a zero.” 

Now, a student at Princeton University has created a new tool to combat this form of plagiarism: an app that aims to determine whether text was written by a human or AI. Twenty-two-year-old Edward Tian developed the app, called GPTZero , while on winter break and unveiled it on January 2. Within the first week of its launch, more than 30,000 people used the tool, per NPR ’s Emma Bowman. On Twitter, it has garnered more than 7 million views. 

GPTZero uses two variables to determine whether the author of a particular text is human: perplexity, or how complex the writing is, and burstiness, or how variable it is. Text that’s more complex with varied sentence length tends to be human-written, while prose that is more uniform and familiar to GPTZero tends to be written by AI.

But the app, while almost always accurate, isn’t foolproof. Tian tested it out using BBC articles and text generated by AI when prompted with the same headline. He tells BBC News ’ Nadine Yousif that the app determined the difference with a less than 2 percent false positive rate.

“This is at the same time a very useful tool for professors, and on the other hand a very dangerous tool—trusting it too much would lead to exacerbation of the false flags,” writes one GPTZero user, per the Guardian ’s Caitlin Cassidy. 

Tian is now working on improving the tool’s accuracy, per NPR. And he’s not alone in his quest to detect plagiarism. OpenAI is also working on ways that ChatGPT’s text can easily be identified. 

“We don’t want ChatGPT to be used for misleading purposes in schools or anywhere else,” a spokesperson for the company tells the Washington Post ’s Susan Svrluga in an email, “We’re already developing mitigations to help anyone identify text generated by that system.” One such idea is a watermark , or an unnoticeable signal that accompanies text written by a bot.

Tian says he’s not against artificial intelligence, and he’s even excited about its capabilities, per BBC News. But he wants more transparency surrounding when the technology is used. 

“A lot of people are like … ‘You’re trying to shut down a good thing we’ve got going here!’” he tells the Post . “That’s not the case. I am not opposed to students using AI where it makes sense. … It’s just we have to adopt this technology responsibly.”

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Margaret Osborne | | READ MORE

Margaret Osborne is a freelance journalist based in the southwestern U.S. Her work has appeared in the  Sag Harbor Express  and has aired on  WSHU Public Radio.

AI Detector By Copyleaks

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Have full visibility of your content, identifying potential plagiarism or paraphrasing within AI-generated text.

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The AI Detector thoroughly scans AI-generated code for potential issues, including licensing violations and security vulnerabilities.

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The Copyleaks AI text detector can accurately spot AI-generated text, even when it’s carefully mixed with human writing.

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Bring the power of the Copyleaks AI Detector to your native platform with seamless, fully white-labeled  API integration .

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See a full list of  supported languages & accuracy .

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Ai model training.

Safeguard your AI system by ensuring your models are trained exclusively on human-written content, not AI-generated. 

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Check for AI writing and verify authenticity within all your academic content, from long-form essays to source code.

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Learn how Oakland University adopted Copyleaks and changed the conversation around AI and plagiarism among their faculty and staff.

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Frequently Asked Questions

When a Language Model writes a sentence, it uses all its pre-training data to make a response based on statistics. This is significantly different from how humans write. To our AI writing detector, the presence of an AI text generator becomes clear when compared to a large collection of human writing.

We can detect the latest models of the following LLMs:

• ChatGPT  

You can experience free AI detection on a trial basis by registering for a free Copyleaks account . 

We can recognize AI text patterns utilizing multiple techniques.

Since 2015, we’ve collected, ingested, and analyzed trillions of crawled and user-sourced content pages. Our data comes from thousands of universities and enterprises worldwide. We use that data to train our models to understand how humans write.

Also, utilizing AI technology, the AI detector can accurately recognize the presence of other AI-generated text. It knows how to identify and flag the signals it leaves behind. That attention to detail adds a layer of accuracy to the process.

Learn more about our  AI Detector testing methodologies .

Several significant differences exist between other AI detector tools and ours.

For example:

• We use large-scale, credible data combined with machine learning and broad adoption to refine our understanding of text patterns. This results in over 99% accuracy—better than any other AI detector, and it’s improving daily.
• As an enterprise platform, we offer seamless API and LMS integrations, allowing you to bring AI Detector directly into your system at scale.
• The AI Detector is one of the most advanced platforms for reading and analyzing source code, including AI-generated code. It detects plagiarism even when code has been modified, such as altering variables or entire sections.
• Our AI Detector doesn’t flag non-AI features of Grammarly, like spell check and grammar. In contrast, another AI detector incorrectly flagged 20% of Grammarly’s non-AI features as AI content—a significant 20% false positive rate. 
• All Copyleaks products, including the AI Detector, are fully GDPR-compliant and SOC 2 and SOC 3-certified, ensuring the privacy and security of personal data audited by KPMG.

Our models need a certain volume of text to accurately determine the presence of AI. The higher the character count, the easier it is for our technology to determine irregular patterns, which results in a higher confidence rating for AI detection. 

The ideal text requirements for each of our AI offerings are as follows: 

AI Detector Browser Extension 

Minimum : 350 characters 

Maximum : 25,000 characters 

AI Detector Web-Based Platform

Minimum : 255 characters 

Maximum : 2,000 pages (There is no character maximum)

The likelihood of human-written content being mistakenly labeled as AI-generated is just 0.2%—the lowest among AI detectors.

We’re committed to fostering authenticity and digital trust by creating secure environments for idea-sharing and confident learning. Ensuring complete accuracy, especially in avoiding false accusations, is vital to this mission.

To address this, we’ve taken several precautions:

• Our algorithms are designed to recognize human-generated text. Focusing on AI detection alone tends to lower accuracy and increase false positives.
• We’ve implemented a feedback loop where users can rate result accuracy. This helps us learn from rare false positives and continuously improve our models.
• We only introduce new model detection after thorough testing. We use beta testers for added assurance once internal testing meets a high confidence threshold.

Yes. In July 2023, four researchers worldwide published a study on the Cornell Tech-owned arXiv. The study declared Copyleaks AI Detector the most accurate for checking and detecting large language models (LLM) generated text. 

Since then, additional independent third-party studies have been released. Each one has highlighted the AI detector’s accuracy and efficiency. Read more about these third-party studies .

Only certain features of writing assistants can cause your content to be flagged by the AI Detector.

For example, Grammarly has a genAI-driven feature that rewrites your content to help improve it, shorten it, etc. As a result, this reworked content could get flagged as AI since it was rewritten by genAI. 

However, the Copyleaks Writing Assistant does not get flagged as AI. It won’t flag content that Grammarly changed to fix grammatical errors, mechanical issues, etc. This is because it does not use (or uses minimal) genAI to power these features.

Read the full analysis blog post here.

At Copyleaks, our products routinely verify privacy, security, and compliance control independently. We aim to achieve certifications against global standards. We believe this is the clearest way to earn and retain the trust of the millions of Copyleaks users worldwide. 

Our current Copyleaks certifications and compliance standards include: 

• SOC2 & SOC3
• PCI Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard
• NIST Risk Management Framework (RMF)

Please visit our  Compliance and Certifications  and  Security Practices  pages to learn more.

Yes. Our detection report highlights the specific elements of text written by humans and labels these separately from those written by AI, even if the text has been interspersed.

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AI Content Detector

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• Check in real time
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We Can Turn Your Paper Into a Perfect One

Why do we stand out.

AI DETECTOR FOR AI WRITTEN CONTENT

Content crafting has always been an uneasy task for most students, especially when dealing with different types of essays. It is a time- and effort-consuming activity to which you should devote your time. Advanced Artificial Intelligence technology today has brought more opportunities to simplify the process of writing an essay. It generates the necessary content when typing in a detailed and correct request. But the matter of a non plagiarised essay is still of high priority. Using a ChatGPT checker tool makes sense for detecting AI content and turning your work into a unique one. So how can you benefit from AI content detection tools? Follow us to learn more.

This guide will give you insightful information about an AI content detection tool. Uniqueness is an essential part of writing, and you can make your work accurate with the help of our AI detection tool free. It allows you to identify AI written content to paraphrase it and make it human written content. If you find it hard to cope, you can always get online essay help from our customer service. Our experts are there for you to assist you and give a hand when you need it most. So, let’s find out the benefits of using this tool.

What is an AI Content Detector

AI text detector tool is a software that can recognize content generated by OpenAI Chat GPT through machine learning algorithms containing natural language processing techniques. It uses a huge dataset of human and AI-generated texts. This is one of the after-sought tools every student should implement for their academic purpose.

Leveraging ChatGPT in writing an essay saves you precious time. However, teachers and professors are also aware of AI content generators. They estimated the capabilities of such tech products and are very considerate of the essay’s originality. They also use an AI checker to identify whether a work is written by humans.

For this reason, an AI essay checker free tool is the best solution today to make your work slick and unique. Even if you craft an essay independently, an AI writer detector helps you to detect AI content that needs proofreading. So, you should deliver an original text when handing out your essay.

Accuracy Is Above All

By using GPT-3 output detector, you will gain only benefits and chances to polish up your work. The OpenAI Chat GPT detector highlights parts of the content recognized as machine content by AI algorithms. So, let’s look at the main advantages of implementing a free AI content detector.

• AI detection tool accuracy. This feature is number one for this tool though the level of accuracy might depend on the AI writing detector you choose. Our content checker guarantees accuracy in detecting AI content and plagiarism.
• Simplicity in usage. It takes only a few steps to identify whether your essay contains AI-generated text: open our tool to detect ChatGPT, copy and paste your text. If you use our service to write your essay , you can be sure that our expert writers always check your work with an AI GPT detector.
• Speed checking. You won’t have to wait long to receive results about your text originality. Regardless of the huge data set it processes, the OpenAI detector tool manages it pretty fast.

Thanks to the high accuracy of our AI content checker, you can finalize your essay and improve its uniqueness.

Benefits to Check Text with AI Essay Detector

AI essay detector free is deployed along with plagiarism checkers today. These two instruments are crucial in crafting original and engaging content that will be highly valued. That’s why it is worth checking your text with this tool, as AI generates a myriad of information. You can’t even know whether you are reading an article written by a human or an AI.

Using a GPT content generator is not a crime. It brings some positive things to writers, like time-saving, correct grammar and spelling, and a solid content search to make your essay complete. But the uniqueness and data accuracy of such essays suffers as AI analyses much training data that can be outdated or presented in a complex way to comprehend. For this reason, AI content detectors are the best solution for improving the uniqueness of your content. 

Steps to Bypass AI Detection

We know how crucial it is for you to cope with your academic writing. We use our Chat GPT detector when dealing with students’ work, like any type of essay, research paper, coursework, dissertation, etc. If you are working on your essay individually, you can visit our website PapersOwl.com and check it with our detector for free. You will find all you need there and contact real experts to help you with any questions or concerns.

Here are a few steps we take to bypass AI essay detection:

• Alternative paraphrasing. AI-generated text can be hard to read. So, it is better to change the phrases highlighted by the detector and add simple and understandable sentences.
• Using synonyms. The phenomenon of tautology can be found in any text, including AI-written text. In this case, we offer to use proper synonyms where there are many repetitions of the same word form.
• Including natural language. To add more creativity to your text, it is a good idea to use idioms, rhetorical questions, or colloquialisms. But don’t overuse them, and consider the type of essay you are writing.

We also offer editing and proofreading services. You can approach us to rewrite essay for you if you feel a lack of creativity or have no idea how to increase the uniqueness of your assignment.

How does AI detector work?

AI detectors are software that detects any data generated by an AI chatbox. It uses billions of training data on the web to detect AI content. Thus, AI technology is a reliable tool trained to analyze written content for specific patterns, language model, etc. to find AI generated texts for any user.   

Is it only ChatGPT detector ?

No. Our Chat GPT detector includes a wide diapason of language models to identify AI-generated texts. Among them are ChatGPT, GPT-4, GPT-3, Jasper, Google Bard, and other language models.

How accurate is AI detection?

Our AI detector ChatGPT is highly accurate as it recognizes the latest AI programs like ChatGPT, GPT-4, and other language models. They are trained on the updated information stored on the Internet to see any probability of plagiarism in the articles.

What languages does the AI detector support?

The AI checker currently supports only English. Its development focused only on one language to polish up its functioning. Other languages are in the process of integration.

HOW DOES AI DETECTOR WORK?

• Paste text and our AI detector ensures if your content is generated by ChatGPT, GPT4, GPT3, Bard, Claude, Gemini, and other advanced large language models (LLMs).
• When you run your text through the AI Detector, you will get an overall probability of ai generated content in your text.
• Transform AI-generated text into human-like content.
• Turn on to our editors if you find it tough to modify AI-generated content, our editor offers guidance for refining your material!

Advantages of Our AI content detector

No need to pay anything and view irritating advertisements. Our AI content detector is free!

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AI checker provides insight into writing as the learning process evolves

Turnitin’s AI content checker helps educators, publishers, and researchers identify when an AI writing tool such as ChatGPT or text spinners may have been used in students’ submissions.

Academic integrity in the age of AI writing

Over the years, technology has supported and tested academic integrity. Today, educators and students face a new frontier with AI-generated text and ChatGPT.

We believe that AI models can be positive forces that, when used responsibly, can support and enhance the learning process. We also believe that equitable access to AI tools is vital. We’re working with educators and students to develop technology that can support and enhance the learning process. However, it’s important to acknowledge new challenges alongside the opportunities.

We recognize that educators need to know when and where students have likely used AI writing tools. That’s why we now offer an AI content detector and more capabilities for educators in our products.

Our AI checker provides valuable insights on how much of a student’s submission is authentic, human-written content versus likely AI-generated from ChatGPT or likely AI-generated and likely AI-paraphrased.

Reporting identifies likely AI-written content or likely AI-paraphrased text and provides information educators need to determine their next course of action. We’ve designed our AI essay checker with educators, for educators.

Our AI essay detector complements our similarity checking workflow and is integrated with your LMS, providing a seamless, familiar experience.

Our AI content detection capability, which is available with Originality, helps educators detect likely AI-generated content in student work while also safeguarding students’ interests.

Turnitin ai innovation lab.

Welcome to the Turnitin AI Innovation Lab, a hub for new and upcoming product developments in the area of AI writing. You can follow our progress on detection initiatives for AI-written content, ChatGPT, and AI paraphrasing.

Understanding the false positive rate in our AI sentence detection capabilities

We’d like to share more insight into our false positive rate and tips on using our AI detection tool and data-driven metrics.

Understanding false positives within our AI checker

We’d like to share some insight into how our AI detection model deals with false positives and what constitutes a false positive.

Have questions? Read these FAQs on our AI writing checker capabilities

Helping solve the ai writing puzzle — one piece at a time.

AI-generated text has transformed every aspect of our lives, including the classroom. However, detecting likely AI-generated content in students’ submissions is just one piece in the broader, complex, ever-evolving AI writing puzzle.

Research corner

Check out the links below if you’re interested in the additional research we performed against English Language Learners and what an independent research study has revealed about Turnitin's AI-writing detection capabilities.

Research shows our AI scanner shows no statistically significant bias against English Language Learners

• In response to customer feedback and papers claiming that AI detector tools are biased against writers whose first language is not English, we expanded our false positive evaluation to include writing samples of English Language Learners (ELL). We tested another nearly 2,000 writing samples of ELL writers.
• We found that in documents meeting the 300-word count requirement, ELL writers received a 0.014 false positive rate, and native English writers received a 0.013.
• This means that there is no statistically significant bias against non-native English speakers.

Independent research shows the “Turnitin [AI writing detector] achieved very high accuracy”

• Two of the 16 detectors, Turnitin and Copyleaks, correctly identified the AI- or human-generated status of all 126 documents, with no incorrect or uncertain responses.
• Three AI text detectors — Turnitin, Originality, and Copyleaks — have very high accuracy with all three sets of documents examined for this study: GPT-3.5 papers, GPT-4 papers, and human-generated papers.
• Of the top three detectors identified in this investigation, Turnitin “achieved very high accuracy” in all five previous evaluations. Copyleaks, included in four earlier analyses, performed well in three of them.

Teaching in the age of AI writing

As AI text generators like ChatGPT quickly evolve, so will educator resources. Curated and created by our team of veteran educators, our resources help educators meet these new challenges. They’re built for professional learning and outline steps educators can take immediately to guide students in maintaining academic integrity when faced with AI writing tools.

A guide to help educators determine which resource is more applicable to their instructional situation: the AI misuse checklist or the AI misuse rubric.

A guide sharing strategies educators can consider to help when confronted with a false positive.

A guide sharing strategies students can consider to help when confronted with a false positive.

The Turnitin Educator Network is a space to meet, discuss and share best practices on academic integrity in the age of AI.

Learn more about ai writing in our blog.

Written by experts in the field, educators, and Turnitin professionals, our blog offers resources and thought leadership in support of students, instructors, and administrators. Dive into articles on a variety of important topics, including academic integrity, assessment, and instruction in a world with machine learning algorithms and artificial intelligence.

In this blog post, we’re going to address frequently asked questions about AI writing tool misuse for students. Specifically, what does AI writing tool misuse look like? How can you self-check to make sure you’re using AI writing tools properly?

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Cheat GPT? Turnitin CEO Chris Caren weighs in on combating A.I. plagiarism | CNBC Squawk Box

Since the inception of AI-generated writing, educators and institutions are learning how to navigate it in the classroom. Turnitin’s CEO Chris Caren joins ‘Squawk Box’ to discuss how it is being used in the classroom and how educators can identify AI writing in student submissions.

Trouble viewing? View the video on YouTube or adjust your cookie preferences .

Some U.S. schools banning AI technology while others embrace it | NBC Nightly News

ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence program, can write college-level essays in seconds. While some school districts are banning it due to cheating concerns, NBC News’ Jacob Ward has details on why some teachers are embracing the technology.

BestColleges

Artificial intelligence, it seems, is taking over the world. At least that's what alarmists would have you believe . The line between fact and fiction continues to blur, and recognizing what is real versus what some bot concocted grows increasingly difficult with each passing week.

ThriveinEDU Podcast

On this episode of the ThriveinEDU podcast, host Rachelle Dené Poth speaks with Turnitin’s Chief Product Officer Annie Chechitelli about her role in the organization, her experience as a parent with school-age children learning to navigate AI writing, and the future of education and original thought.

District Administration

Following the one year anniversary of the public launch of ChatGPT, Chief Product Officer Annie Chechitelli sits down with the publication to discuss Turnitin’s AI writing detection feature and what the educational community has learned.

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• AI in Content Creation

Ways AI Content Detectors Work to Spot AI Content

• Aug 31, 2024

In today’s rapidly evolving digital landscape, the line between AI-generated content and human-written text is becoming increasingly blurred. This has given rise to a new challenge: identifying whether a piece of content was created by an AI or a human. AI content detectors have emerged as essential tools for businesses, educators, and publishers to ensure the integrity and quality of their content. But how exactly do these detectors work? Let’s dive into the four primary methods AI content detectors use to identify AI-generated text.

What Is an AI Content Detector?

AI content detectors are specialized tools that analyze text to determine whether it was generated by an AI or written by a human. These detectors examine various linguistic and structural features of the text, such as sentence complexity, vocabulary usage, and the overall flow of ideas. By comparing the analyzed content to known patterns of AI and human writing, these tools can classify the text accordingly.

AI detectors are becoming increasingly popular in various fields, from ensuring academic integrity in education to verifying the authenticity of content in digital marketing. They help users avoid the pitfalls of relying too heavily on AI-generated content, which can sometimes be misleading or of lower quality.

How Accurate Are AI Content Detectors?

The accuracy of AI content detectors varies, typically being reliable about 70% of the time. This means that while they are useful tools, they are not infallible and can produce false positives (identifying human-written content as AI-generated) or false negatives (failing to identify AI-generated content). The rapid development of AI text generators, such as GPT models, makes it increasingly challenging for detectors to keep up, highlighting the need for continual updates and improvements to these tools.

4 Ways AI Content Detectors Work

AI detectors rely on a combination of advanced technologies to differentiate between AI-generated and human-written content. Here are the four primary methods they use:

1. Classifiers

Classifiers are machine learning models designed to categorize text into predefined groups based on learned patterns. These models are trained on large datasets containing both AI-generated and human-written content. By analyzing the linguistic features of a given text, such as tone, grammar, and style, classifiers can determine the likelihood that the text was written by an AI.

There are two types of classifiers:

Supervised Classifiers: These models are trained on labeled data, meaning they learn from examples that have already been categorized as either human or AI-written. Supervised classifiers tend to be more accurate but require extensive labeled data.

Unsupervised Classifiers: These models analyze patterns in data without prior labeling, discovering structures on their own. They are less resource-intensive but may not be as precise as supervised models.

While classifiers are powerful tools, they are not immune to errors, especially if they are overfitted to specific types of writing or fail to adapt to new AI-generated content styles.

2. Embeddings

Embeddings are a way of representing words and phrases as vectors in a high-dimensional space, capturing their semantic relationships. This method allows AI detectors to analyze the content at a deeper level, considering the meaning and context of the words used.

Key analyses within embeddings include:

Word Frequency Analysis: Detects common word usage patterns, which can indicate AI-generated content when excessive repetition or lack of variability is present.

N-gram Analysis: Looks at sequences of words (n-grams) to identify common phrase structures. Human writing typically shows more varied n-grams, while AI content may rely on more predictable patterns.

Syntactic Analysis: Examines sentence structure and grammar. AI-generated text often displays uniform syntax, whereas human writing tends to be more diverse and complex.

Semantic Analysis: Focuses on the meaning of the text, taking into account metaphors, cultural references, and other nuances that AI may miss.

Embeddings provide a sophisticated way to differentiate between AI and human writing, but they can be computationally intensive and challenging to interpret.

3. Perplexity

Perplexity is a measure of how predictable a piece of text is. In the context of AI detection, it gauges how "surprised" an AI model would be by the given text. Higher perplexity suggests that the text is less predictable and, therefore, more likely to have been written by a human.

While perplexity is a useful indicator, it is not foolproof. For example, text that is intentionally complex or nonsensical may have high perplexity, but that does not necessarily mean it was written by a human. Conversely, simple, clear writing by a human might have low perplexity and be mistaken for AI-generated content.

4. Burstiness

Burstiness measures the variation in sentence structure, length, and complexity within a text. Human writing is typically more dynamic, with a mix of short and long sentences, varying complexity, and diverse structures. In contrast, AI-generated content often displays a more uniform, monotonous pattern.

However, burstiness alone is not enough to accurately detect AI content. With the right prompts, AI models can be trained to produce text with varied sentence structures, potentially misleading detectors that rely too heavily on this factor.

Key Technologies Behind AI Content Detection

Two primary technologies underpin AI content detection:

Machine Learning (ML): ML models are essential for identifying patterns in large datasets, enabling detectors to differentiate between AI-generated and human-written text based on learned characteristics.

Natural Language Processing (NLP): NLP allows AI detectors to understand and analyze the linguistic nuances of the text, such as syntax, semantics, and context, which are crucial for accurate detection.

Supporting technologies, like data mining and text analysis algorithms, also play a significant role in enhancing the effectiveness of AI detectors.

AI Detectors vs. Plagiarism Checkers

While both AI detectors and plagiarism checkers aim to identify dishonest writing practices, they operate very differently. AI detectors analyze the linguistic and structural features of the text to determine its origin, whereas plagiarism checkers compare the content against a database of existing work to find direct matches or similarities.

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AI detectors are generally more sophisticated and can identify content that has been paraphrased or restructured by AI, whereas plagiarism checkers are more straightforward and primarily detect exact or near-exact matches.

How to Pass AI Content Detection

If you’re concerned about your content being flagged as AI-generated, there are tools and strategies you can use to humanize AI-created text. Surfer’s AI Humanizer tool, for instance, helps convert AI-generated content into more natural, human-like writing.

Here’s how you can use it:

Generate Content with AI: Use an AI writer to create your content.

Humanize the Content: Paste the content into Surfer’s AI Humanizer tool, which will evaluate and adjust the text to make it sound more natural.

Verify with AI Detection Tools: After humanizing the content, check it with an AI detector to ensure it passes as human-written.

Using these steps can help you avoid detection by AI content detection tools while still benefiting from the efficiency of AI in content creation.

AI content detectors are becoming increasingly important as the use of AI in writing grows. However, while these tools are powerful, they are not infallible. It’s crucial to use them alongside human judgment to ensure the quality and authenticity of your content. By understanding how AI detectors work and how to navigate their limitations, you can better manage the balance between AI-generated content and human creativity.

In a world where the lines between AI and human-generated content are increasingly blurred, staying informed and using the right tools can make all the difference in maintaining the integrity and quality of your content.

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Can AI Detect AI?: Tips and Pitfalls of AI Detection

Learn how AI Detectors work, some pitfalls you’ll cross, and how AI detectors can help find the joy of teaching again, not harmful.

What’s your Professional Development trigger? 

It feels like teachers are forced into a magistrate’s wig lately. I’ve seen more friends’ passion for the classroom dim because of grading, and the ways that students are incentivized to grub for grades. Unfortunately, one side effect of Generative AI is that it lowers the barrier for academic dishonesty. Studies have shown a negative correlation between AI use and students’ willingness to think for themselves . How do we navigate helping students think critically when they’re further incentivized by AI’s allure to complete tasks quickly, without thinking?

How do we encourage our students to think for themselves when every incentive exists for them to move through tasks faster, and what tools can help us?

But, the cheating!

One of the first questions I always get when I talk to teachers about AI is some version of “how can I tell if my students cheated with AI?” My last piece for CEA Today details how that question misses the mark, but the teacher is always well-intentioned in asking it. It’s easy to say that we need to supplement writing with assessments that are harder to use AI dishonestly.

It is convenient that many of the people making that argument don’t have to actually do it. Change is a trade off, and teachers are the only people who fully have to grapple with what’s lost when we fundamentally change assessment modalities. There are many reasons writing has survived for thousands of years as the medium for serious intellectual discourse. Simply replacing it with an assessment that’s harder to evaluate and more time consuming to give feedback on isn’t an option if teaching is going to get more sustainable.

Here are some ways to tell if your students might be using AI less-than-ethically.

Your Sherlock Holmes Hat: Detecting AI-Generated Text: Signs to Look For

While AI detectors can be a helpful, they’re certainly not foolproof. I’m going to address AI Detectors and share my experimentation. As teachers, we can typically rely on our own professional judgment to identify potential AI-generated text , without over relying on flawed AI detection technology.

Some common red flags to watch out for include:

• Language that seems too sophisticated or polished compared to the student’s usual writing style.

This one is pretty straightforward and doesn’t need much detail. As teachers, we get to know our students’ writing. If your student is turning something in that doesn’t sound like them at all, it’s a sign there might have been AI usage when writing the essay. When one of my entrepreneurial students decided to pontificate ad nauseum about the eponymous nature of existential angst in an essay about a choice novel. When it came time to talk about what most of those words meant, our conversation was shorter than his verbose opening sentence.

• Essays that are generic, vague, or lack specifics.

A lot of my students’ writing sounded great in their writing, but said nothing. I’m a believer that most writing problems are really reading problems. Often, the venn diagram of students who struggled with writing and students who skimmed, skipped, or missed much of the reading was a circle. Because they missed the segments of learning where we really engaged with the ideas, they struggled to articulate what they wanted to say and how they wanted to say it. Then, they got desperate and tried to take a shortcut. Usually, what happens is that students didn’t have any original ideas that built on what we learned in class, didn’t really understand the assignment, and they couldn’t give ChatGPT enough information to write a specific answer.

So when it came time to write, AI had nothing to write for them. Then they turned in essays that were generic, vague, or lacked specific examples to support whatever claims they were making, or essays that have a thesis that is never actually addressed in the rest of the writing. I like to think of AI as a sort of Golden Retriever: it’s trying it’s damndest to do what it thinks you want it to. Oftentimes, this manifests as refusing to commit to a point of view because it may conflict with yours.

• Odd or irrelevant tangents that an AI might produce based on misunderstanding the context

We as teachers really love to have a special unique way of teaching certain things. I like to use thought experiments and literary allusions. I also started my 10th grade with the social contract, and every unit that semester built on specific applications of that contract. No other teacher, even the rest of my PLC, taught that semester exactly like me. Despite it’s vast knowledge, our unique idiosyncrasies of teaching this subject doesn’t exist online, the AI is not going to know what to do with it.

For example, if I were teaching about Mark Twain and discussed how he derived ideas from the tangents in his stories, an AI might mistakenly conclude that we were discussing a calculus class . It might then start explaining derivatives and limits, which would be irrelevant to our literature discussion. It would start talking about all of this nonsense that has nothing to do with the tangential journeys of Mark Twain’s writing . That’s because, just like Twain said, “Truth is stranger than fiction, because fiction is obliged to stick to possibilities; Truth isn’t.”

AI is obliged to stick to possibilities too. The truth is too random for AI to predict, so it’ll just give you whatever it thinks you want. It’s trying to make you happy.

• Inconsistencies in tone, formatting, or quality from one paragraph to the next

We all know what it looks like when a student has copied and pasted from Wikipedia because they leave the hyperlinks in. Well… They do the same thing with AI. 😂 For me, they usually forgot to even change the highlighting, the font, etc. I asked them if they switched their default font to Roboto, which is what it came up as in Google Docs. When they forget to change everything, that’s kind of a dead giveaway to me if there’s random font size changes because they forgot to fix it.

• Large copy-and-paste sections

If you are using Google Docs to write, you can use the Revision History tool to figure out if a student just copy-pasted the whole thing all at once. Many AI Detectors have that tool built in.

Here’s a video of a teacher explaining how to do that.

By familiarizing ourselves with these telltale signs, we can better identify when students might be relying too heavily on AI and initiate constructive conversations about ethical use.

A word of caution:

AI Detectors typically work by comparing the “perplexity” or a series of quantifiable traits common within and between various Generative AI models. AI typically has a default voice that’s pretty distinct unless students tell it to write in a different style. AI detectors don’t actually “detect” anything. Rather, they compare the writing to their algorithm that’s familiar with AI writing.

No two detectors use the same measurement, the percentages don’t always mean the same thing, their reports may look different, and there’s little transparency about why a passage was flagged as AI or not. It is a mistake to trust AI detectors carte blanche. 

The problem is that AI writing actually sounds a lot like a student writing with scaffolds. AI prefers certain sentence structures, just like many of my students preferred sentence starters and frames. The transitions are often robotic, like how I used to write when I was learning transition words and phrases. The paragraphs often follow a specific structure, like a graphic organizer that helps developing writers produce academic writing in later grades.

The problem with AI Detectors is that they flag students who struggle with writing, or students learning English as an additional language. Often, my students who struggled cheated far less than students who liked to get good grades. AI detectors will falsely identify the writing of struggling students more often.

Additionally, many of the tools these same students are told to use to help them are using AI to revise their writing. Grammarly uses AI to make suggestions. One of my students had assistive technology written into their IEP. If they can an F for utilizing one of their accommodations, that’s a massive problem.

AI Detectors: Comparing the Top Tools

Now, let’s take a closer look at three popular AI detection tools : GPTZero , Originality.ai , and CoGrader .

First, let’s compare the three.

I ran a series of experiments to test their accuracy and reliability, using five different iterations of the same essay:

• 100% AI-generated essay from GPT-4
• 100% AI-generated essay from Claude
• 100% human-written essay from a student ethically opposed to using AI
• AI-assisted essay where AI provided finishing touches and revisions to the human-written essay. This was revised by AI, so AI did ultimately write the words that were submitted.
• Essay put through a “humanizer” tool called Stealth Writer that attempts to disguise AI writing. They advertise to students on Youtube.

The results were interesting:

All three tools were fairly accurate in identifying GPT4o, Claude-3, and Human written essays.

Notably, all three tools struggled to detect the essay that had been put through the “humanizer” tool, with confidence levels ranging from 3% to 18%.

While these tools can be helpful in identifying potential AI use, it’s important to remember that they’re not 100% reliable and can produce both false positives and false negatives. As educators, we should use them as a starting point rather than relying on them as the sole determinant of academic integrity.

The best practice is to use a couple tools, consider your student, then ask the student to describe their writing process. If something seems glaring or inconsistent, then it’s worth asking why the story that the report is telling me doesn’t match their process. The conversation and consequences are very similar from any other conversation about academic honesty.

I learned a lot.

Embracing the Future of Education: AI as a Tool, Not a Threat

The premise of AI Detection technology is flawed. They purport to determine what is human, and what is AI, but the line between the two authors is blurrier than that. There’s a whole murky middle ground that’s far too slippery for any AI Detector to navigate.

How our students use AI changes the Academic Integrity behind their process. By guiding our students through the spectrum of AI use, clearly communicating the purpose of our assignments, and staying vigilant for signs of unethical AI reliance, we can help them navigate this brave new world of education with confidence and integrity. Remember, our role as teachers is not just to impart knowledge, but to equip our students with the skills and values they need to succeed in an ever-changing world.

AI can be a tool for learning and growth, but if we fear its use, we might overcorrect. Companies like Turn It In profit off this fear by promising a technology that actually can harm our students. They’re like the consultants trying to tell us teaching is a question of headgear.

We’re actually in the classroom, with our students. Learning these new technologies can be complicated, but there’s nobody else to help our students rise to the challenges of the future and become the ethical, innovative leaders of tomorrow. The good thing is that none of us have to do it alone.

So, let’s continue this conversation and work together to find the best ways to integrate AI into our classrooms. Share your experiences, insights, and strategies in the comments below, and let’s learn from each other as we navigate this exciting new frontier of education.

Happy teaching!

By Andrew Gitner, JCEA member

The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policies or positions of the Colorado Education Association. This piece was written by a CEA member to provide personal insights and experiences.

Please send questions, comments, criticisms, or ideas to [email protected]

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How to Know If a Text Is AI-Written – Is It Science or Just a Guessing Game?

• Posted by by Verica Gavrillovic

Artificial intelligence has become a powerful tool in many fields, especially in content creation. With AI systems generating articles, reports, and even creative writing, a new challenge has emerged: how to tell if a text is written by AI or by a human.

The increasing concern over AI-generated content has prompted the creation of artificial intelligence detector tools, which aim to analyze text and identify its source. Among the most widely used tools is Zero GPT .  As AI continues to evolve, it becomes more difficult to distinguish between human-generated and AI-generated content. But is identifying AI-written text a science, or is it more of a guessing game?

The Basics of AI-Generated Text

This content is created by algorithms trained on large datasets of human-written text. These algorithms, often called language models, can produce text that mimics human language patterns and styles. The most advanced artificial intelligence models can create content that is almost indistinguishable from text written by a human. This level of sophistication makes it challenging to identify AI-generated text.

Language models work by predicting the next word in a sentence based on the previous words. They use this method to construct sentences , paragraphs, and entire articles. The more advanced the model, the more natural the text appears.

Signs That a Text Might Be AI-Written

AI-generated text may repeat certain phrases or sentences, especially in longer pieces. This happens because the artificial intelligence tries to maintain coherence but lacks the ability to truly understand context as a human would.

Another clue is the use of overly formal or unnatural language. AI models are trained on a wide range of texts, including academic papers, which can result in the use of stiff, formal language in contexts where a more casual tone would be appropriate. If a text feels overly polished or lacks the nuances of casual human speech, it might be artificially generated.

A third sign is a lack of genuine emotion or personal experience. AI can simulate human emotions by using certain phrases or words, but it cannot truly express feelings. Texts that feel flat or impersonal might be generated, especially if they discuss topics that typically evoke strong emotions.

AI-written content often lacks creativity. These  models excel at mimicking existing text but struggle with producing truly original ideas. If a text feels derivative or lacks a unique perspective, it might be AI-generated.

The Role of AI Detection Tools

To help identify content generated by artificial intelligence, various tools have been developed. These tools work by comparing the text in question to patterns and markers commonly found in AI-generated texts.

Detection tools use algorithms that look for specific characteristics in the text. For example, they may analyze sentence structure, word usage, and coherence to detect whether artificial intelligence wrote it. The goal is to provide a percentage score indicating the likelihood that AI generated the text.

While these tools can be helpful, they are not infallible. As AI models improve, they become better at mimicking human writing, making it harder for detection tools to accurately identify AI-written content. Users should approach the results of artificial intelligence detection tools with caution and consider them as one piece of the puzzle rather than a definitive answer.

The Challenges of Accurate Detection

Detecting AI-generated content is not an exact science. One of the main challenges is that AI models are constantly evolving. What might work to detect AI text today may not be effective tomorrow. Language models are continuously being refined, learning to produce more natural and human-like text, which complicates the detection process.

Another challenge is the diversity of AI models. Different models have different strengths and weaknesses, so a detection tool that works well for one model might not be as effective for another. This variation makes it difficult to create a one-size-fits-all solution for identifying AI-generated text.

Human judgment also plays a role in detection. People have different levels of familiarity with AI and varying abilities to spot the subtle clues that might indicate AI-written texts. What one person considers a clear sign of AI involvement, another might overlook. This subjectivity adds another layer of complexity to the process.

The Importance of Context

Context is crucial when assessing whether a text is AI-generated. Artificial intelligence models generate text based on patterns learned from vast amounts of data, but they do not truly understand context. This lack of understanding can lead to awkward or out-of-place content, especially in more complex or nuanced discussions.

For example, an AI might generate a perfectly coherent paragraph about a technical topic but struggle when asked to connect that topic to a broader, more abstract concept. Humans, on the other hand, can draw from personal experience and intuition to make those connections naturally. If a text seems to miss these connections, it could be a sign that AI generated it.

The Ethical Implications of AI-Generated Content

As AI becomes more capable of generating high-quality text, ethical questions arise. One major concern is transparency. Should readers always know when AI has created the text they are consuming? Some argue that transparency is crucial for maintaining trust, especially in fields like journalism or academia, where the authenticity of the content is paramount.

Another ethical consideration is the potential for AI-generated content to spread misinformation. AI models can generate plausible-sounding text that is factually incorrect. Without careful oversight, these texts can be mistaken for legitimate information, leading to the spread of false or misleading ideas.

Practical Tips for Spotting AI-Written Text

There are also practical tips you can use to spot it yourself. Start by paying attention to the overall tone and style of the text. AI-generated content often lacks the subtle variations in tone that characterize human writing. If a text feels overly uniform or robotic, it might be AI-generated.

Next, look for inconsistencies in the text. AI models can sometimes produce content that contradicts itself or contains logical errors. These inconsistencies can be a red flag that it is AI generated.

Another tip is to consider the originality of the ideas presented. AI can produce coherent and well-structured text, but it often struggles with originality. If a text feels derivative or lacks a fresh perspective, it could be AI-generated.

Determining whether a text is AI-written or not is both a science and a guessing game. While detection tools provide valuable insights, they are not foolproof. Understanding the nuances of AI-generated content and using practical tips can help you make more informed judgments.

As AI technology continues to advance, staying aware of its capabilities and limitations will be crucial for anyone involved in content creation or consumption. The line between human and AI-generated text is blurring, but with the right tools and knowledge, it is still possible to tell them apart.

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I'm Verica Gavrillovic, a Content Editor at The Digi Teachers, with over 3 years of marketing experience. Alongside my passion for my work, I hold a diploma in gastronomy and have diverse interests—from makeup and photography to choir singing and coffee appreciation. Whether at my desk or on a coffee break, I indulge in these hobbies. Beyond that, I love traveling, long conversations, shopping, and music.

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AI is writing convincing fake research papers. How one scientist is fighting back

By StudyFinds Staff

Reviewed by Chris Melore

Research led by Ahmed Abdeen Hamed, Binghamton University and Xindong Wu, Hefei University of Technology

Sep 04, 2024

AI robot writing (© Emmy Ljs - stock.adobe.com)

BINGHAMTON, N.Y. —  “Publish or perish” has long been the mantra of academia. But what happens when the publications are penned not by perishing professors but by perpetually productive AIs? As artificial intelligence muscles its way into scientific writing, one researcher is fighting back with a tool that could change the game.

Large language models like ChatGPT continue to become increasingly sophisticated, and there’s growing concern about their potential misuse in academic and scientific circles. These models can produce text that mimics human writing, raising fears about the integrity of scientific literature. Now, Ahmed Abdeen Hamed, a visiting research fellow at Binghamton University, has developed a groundbreaking algorithm that might just be the silver bullet in this high-stakes game of academic authenticity.

Hamed’s creation, aptly named xFakeSci, is not just another run-of-the-mill detection tool. It’s a sophisticated machine-learning algorithm that can sniff out AI-generated papers with an astonishing accuracy of up to 94%. This isn’t just a marginal improvement; it’s a quantum leap, nearly doubling the success rate of conventional data-mining techniques.

“My main research is biomedical informatics, but because I work with medical publications, clinical trials, online resources and mining social media, I’m always concerned about the authenticity of the knowledge somebody is propagating,” Hamed explains in a statement.

His concern isn’t unfounded. The recent global pandemic saw a surge in false research, particularly in biomedical articles, highlighting the urgent need for robust verification methods.

In a study published in Scientific Reports , Hamed and his collaborator, Professor Xindong Wu from Hefei University of Technology in China, put xFakeSci through its paces. They created a testbed of 150 fake articles using ChatGPT , evenly distributed across three hot medical topics: Alzheimer’s, cancer, and depression. These AI-generated papers were then pitted against an equal number of genuine articles on the same subjects.

The algorithm uncovered distinctive patterns that set apart the AI-generated content from human-authored papers. One key difference lies in the use of bigrams – pairs of words that frequently appear together, such as “clinical trials” or “biomedical literature.” Surprisingly, the AI-generated papers contained fewer unique bigrams but used them more pervasively throughout the text.

“The first striking thing was that the number of bigrams were very few in the fake world, but in the real world, the bigrams were much more rich,” Hamed notes. “Also, in the fake world, despite the fact that were very few bigrams, they were so connected to everything else.”

This pattern, the researchers theorize, stems from the fundamental difference in the objectives of AI models and human scientists . While ChatGPT aims to produce convincing text on a given topic, real scientists focus on accurately reporting their experimental methods and results.

“Because ChatGPT is still limited in its knowledge, it tries to convince you by using the most significant words,” Hamed explains. “It is not the job of a scientist to make a convincing argument to you. A real research paper reports honestly about what happened during an experiment and the method used. ChatGPT is about depth on a single point, while real science is about breadth.”

Study authors warn that as AI language models grow more sophisticated , the line between genuine and fake scientific literature could blur further. Tools like xFakeSci could become crucial gatekeepers, helping maintain the integrity of scientific publications in an age of ubiquitous AI-generated content.

However, Hamed remains cautiously optimistic. While proud of xFakeSci’s impressive 94% detection rate, he’s quick to point out that this still leaves room for improvement.

“We need to be humble about what we’ve accomplished. We’ve done something very important by raising awareness,” the researcher notes, acknowledging that six out of 100 fake papers still slip through the net.

Looking ahead, Hamed plans to expand xFakeSci’s capabilities beyond medicine, venturing into other scientific domains and even the humanities. The ultimate goal? A universal algorithm capable of detecting AI-generated content across all fields — regardless of the AI model used to create it.

Meanwhile, one thing is clear: the battle against AI-generated fake science is just beginning. With tools like xFakeSci, however, the scientific community is better equipped to face this challenge head-on, ensuring that the pursuit of knowledge remains firmly in human hands.

Paper Summary

Methodology.

The researchers employed a two-pronged approach in their study. First, they used ChatGPT to generate 150 fake scientific abstracts, equally distributed across three medical topics: Alzheimer’s, cancer, and depression. These AI-generated abstracts were then compared to an equal number of genuine scientific abstracts from PubMed on the same topics.

The xFakeSci algorithm was developed to analyze these texts, focusing on two main features: the frequency and distribution of bigrams (pairs of words that often appear together) and how these bigrams connect to other words and concepts in the text. The algorithm uses machine learning techniques to identify patterns that differentiate AI-generated text from human-written scientific articles.

Key Results

The study revealed significant differences between AI-generated and human-written scientific articles. AI-generated texts tended to have fewer unique bigrams but used them more extensively throughout the document. The xFakeSci algorithm demonstrated an impressive accuracy rate of up to 94% in identifying AI-generated fake science, substantially outperforming traditional data analysis methods, which typically achieve accuracy rates between 38% and 52%.

Study Limitations

The research primarily focused on scientific abstracts rather than full-length articles, which might exhibit different patterns. The AI-generated content was created using a specific version of ChatGPT, and results may vary with different AI models or as these models evolve.

Additionally, the study currently covers only three medical topics, and its applicability to other scientific fields remains to be tested. The researchers also acknowledge that even with its high accuracy, xFakeSci still misses 6% of fake papers, indicating room for improvement.

Discussion & Takeaways

The study highlights the growing challenge of maintaining scientific integrity in an era of advanced AI language models. It suggests that tools like xFakeSci could play a crucial role in the scientific publishing process, helping to filter out AI-generated fake science. The researchers emphasize the need for ongoing development of such tools to keep pace with evolving AI capabilities. They also stress the importance of raising awareness about this issue in the scientific community and call for the development of ethical guidelines and policies regarding the use of AI in scientific writing and publishing.

Funding & Disclosures

The research was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, the Foundation for Polish Science, the European Regional Development Fund, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The authors declared no competing interests. Ahmed Abdeen Hamed’s work was conducted as part of the Complex Adaptive Systems and Computational Intelligence Lab at Binghamton University, under the supervision of George J. Klir Professor of Systems Science Luis M. Rocha.

About StudyFinds Staff

StudyFinds sets out to find new research that speaks to mass audiences — without all the scientific jargon. The stories we publish are digestible, summarized versions of research that are intended to inform the reader as well as stir civil, educated debate. StudyFinds Staff articles are AI assisted, but always thoroughly reviewed and edited by a Study Finds staff member. Read our AI Policy for more information.

Our Editorial Process

StudyFinds publishes digestible, agenda-free, transparent research summaries that are intended to inform the reader as well as stir civil, educated debate. We do not agree nor disagree with any of the studies we post, rather, we encourage our readers to debate the veracity of the findings themselves. All articles published on StudyFinds are vetted by our editors prior to publication and include links back to the source or corresponding journal article, if possible.

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What is ChatGPT? The world's most popular AI chatbot explained

What is ChatGPT?

ChatGPT is an AI chatbot with advanced natural language processing (NLP) that allows you to have human-like conversations to complete various tasks. The  generative AI  tool can answer questions and assist you with composing text, code, and much more.

Also :  How to use ChatGPT

It's currently  open to use for free . OpenAI launched a paid subscription version called ChatGPT Plus  in February 2023, which guarantees users access to the company's latest models, exclusive features, and updates.

What is ChatGPT used for?

ChatGPT offers many functions in addition to answering simple questions. ChatGPT can compose essays , have philosophical conversations, do math, and even code for you . 

The tasks ChatGPT can help with also don't have to be so ambitious. For example, my favorite use of ChatGPT is for help creating basic lists for chores, such as packing and grocery shopping, and to-do lists that make my daily life more productive. The possibilities are endless. 

ZDNET has published many ChatGPT how-to guides. Below are some of the most popular ones. 

Use ChatGPT to: 

• Write an essay
• Create an app
• Build your resume
• Write Excel formulas
• Summarize content
• Write a cover letter
• Start an Etsy business
• Create charts and tables
• Browse the web
• Create custom AI assistants
• Analyze PDFs
• Digitize handwritten notes
• Write Arduino drivers

Is ChatGPT available for free?

ChatGPT is free, regardless of what you use it for, including writing, coding, and much more. 

There is a subscription option , ChatGPT Plus, that costs $20 per month. The paid subscription model gives you extra perks, such as priority access to GPT-4o , DALL-E 3 , and the latest upgrades. 

Also: ChatGPT vs ChatGPT Plus: Is it worth the subscription fee?

Although the subscription price may seem steep, it is the same amount as Microsoft Copilot Pro and Google One AI Premium , which are Microsoft's and Google's paid AI offerings. 

How can you access ChatGPT?

On April 1, 2024, OpenAI stopped requiring you to log in to ChatGPT. Now, you can access ChatGPT simply by visiting  chat.openai.com . You can also access ChatGPT  via an app on your iPhone  or  Android  device.

Once you visit the site, you can start chatting away with ChatGPT. A great way to get started is by asking a question, similar to what you would do with Google. You can ask as many questions as you'd like.

Also: ChatGPT no longer requires a login, but you might want one anyway. Here's why

Creating an OpenAI account still offers some perks, such as saving and reviewing your chat history, accessing custom instructions, and, most importantly, getting free access to GPT-4o. Signing up is free and easy; you can use your existing Google login.

For step-by-step instructions, check out ZDNET's guide on  how to start using ChatGPT . 

Is there a ChatGPT app?

Yes, an official ChatGPT app is available for  iPhone and Android users. Make sure to download OpenAI's app, as many copycat fake apps are listed on Apple's App Store and the Google Play Store that are not affiliated with OpenAI.

Also: ChatGPT dropped a free app for iPhones. Does it live up to the hype?

There's also a ChatGPT app for  MacOS , which lets you access the chatbot quickly via a keyboard shortcut. The Mac app was initially only available for ChatGPT Plus subscribers, but OpenAI recently made it available to all users.

Is ChatGPT safe?

People have expressed concerns about AI chatbots replacing or atrophying human intelligence. 

For example, chatbots can write an entire essay in seconds, raising concerns about students cheating and not learning how to write properly. These fears even led  some school districts to block access  when ChatGPT initially launched.

Now, not only have many of those schools decided to unblock the technology, but some higher education institutions have been  catering their academic offerings  to AI-related coursework. 

Also:  Generative AI can be the academic assistant an underserved student needs

Another concern with AI chatbots is the possible spread of misinformation. ChatGPT says: "My responses are not intended to be taken as fact, and I always encourage people to verify any information they receive from me or any other source." OpenAI also notes that ChatGPT sometimes writes "plausible-sounding but incorrect or nonsensical answers."

Lastly, there are ethical and privacy concerns regarding the information ChatGPT was trained on. OpenAI scraped the internet to train the chatbot without asking content owners for permission to use their content, which brings up many copyright and intellectual property concerns. 

Also: OpenAI and Anthropic to collaborate with US government on AI safety

There are also privacy concerns regarding generative AI companies using your data to fine-tune their models further, which has become a common practice. OpenAI lets you turn off training in ChatGPT's settings.

So, is ChatGPT safe? If your main concern is privacy, OpenAI has implemented several options to give users peace of mind that their data will not be used to train models. The company even allows you to turn off your chat history. If you are concerned about the moral and ethical problems, those are still being hotly debated.

Will my conversations with ChatGPT be used for training?

Companies train generative AI models on user inputs. Therefore, when familiarizing yourself with how to use ChatGPT, you might wonder if your specific conversations will be used for training and, if so, who can view your chats.

Also:  This ChatGPT update fixed one of my biggest productivity issues with the AI chatbot

OpenAI will, by default, use your conversations with the free chatbot to train data and refine its models. You can opt out of it using your data for model training by clicking on the question mark in the bottom left-hand corner, Settings, and turning off "Improve the model for everyone."

Can ChatGPT help me apply for jobs?

Yes, ChatGPT is a great resource for helping with job applications. Undertaking a job search can be tedious and difficult, and ChatGPT can help you lighten the load. ChatGPT can build your resume  and write a cover letter .

Also :  How to use ChatGPT to write an essay

If your application has any written supplements, you can use ChatGPT to help you write those essays or personal statements . You can also use ChatGPT to prep for your interviews by asking ChatGPT to provide you mock interview questions, background on the company, or questions that you can ask. 

Can you use ChatGPT for schoolwork?

ChatGPT can be an excellent resource in assisting students with their work. A popular misconception is that ChatGPT and other AI resources will do students' work for them. However, it can be used as a personal tutor or editor, giving students assistance outside of the classroom. 

Also: 5 free AI tools for school that students, teachers, and parents can use, too

For example, a student can drop their essay into ChatGPT and have it copyedit it, upload class handwritten notes and have them digitized, or even generate study outlines from class materials. 

What does ChatGPT stand for?

The last three letters in ChatGPT's namesake stand for Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT), a family of large language models created by OpenAI that uses deep learning to generate human-like, conversational text. 

Also: What does GPT stand for? Understanding GPT 3.5, GPT 4, GPT-4 Turbo, and more

The "Chat" part of the name is simply a callout to its chatting capabilities. 

Can ChatGPT generate images?

Yes, ChatGPT can generate images using DALL-E 3. However, the limits vary depending on whether you are a ChatGPT Plus subscriber or a free user. ChatGPT Plus subscribers are allowed 50 generations per day, while free users are allotted two. 

Also: Free ChatGPT users can now create images with DALL-E 3, but there's a catch

Since OpenAI discontinued DALL-E 2 in February 2024, the only way to access its most advanced AI image generator, DALL-E 3, through OpenAI's offerings is via its chatbot.

Microsoft's Copilot offers free image generation, also powered by DALL-E 3, in its chatbot. This is a great alternative if you don't want to pay for ChatGPT Plus but want high-quality image outputs.

How does ChatGPT work?

ChatGPT runs on a large language model (LLM) architecture created by OpenAI called the  Generative Pre-trained Transformer  (GPT). Since its launch, the free version of ChatGPT ran on a fine-tuned model in the GPT-3.5 series until May 2024, when OpenAI upgraded the model to GPT-4o. Now, the free version runs on GPT-4o mini, with limited access to GPT-4o. 

Also:   How does ChatGPT actually work?  

With a subscription to ChatGPT Plus , you can access GPT-4, GPT-4o mini or  GPT-4o . Plus, users also have priority access to GPT-4o, even at capacity, while free users get booted down to GPT-4o mini. 

Generative AI models of this type are trained on vast amounts of information from the internet, including websites, books, news articles, and more.

Who owns ChatGPT currently?

OpenAI launched ChatGPT on November 30, 2022. OpenAI has also developed  DALL-E 2  and  DALL-E 3 , popular  AI image generators , and Whisper, an automatic speech recognition system. 

Also: OpenAI inks deal with ride-sharing operator to develop AI tools

As a result, OpenAI owns ChatGPT. Microsoft is a major investor in OpenAI thanks to multiyear, multi-billion dollar  investments. Elon Musk was an investor when OpenAI was first founded in 2015 but has since completely severed ties with the startup and created his own AI chatbot, Grok .

Is ChatGPT better than a search engine?

ChatGPT is an AI chatbot created to converse with the end user. A search engine indexes web pages on the internet to help users find information. One is not better than the other, as each suit different purposes. 

When searching for as much up-to-date, accurate information as possible, your best bet is a search engine. It will provide you with pages upon pages of sources you can peruse. 

Also: The best AI search engines of 2024: Google, Perplexity, and more

As of May 2024, the free version of ChatGPT can get responses from both the GPT-4o model and the web. It will only pull its answer from, and ultimately list, a handful of sources instead of showing nearly endless search results.

For example, I used GPT-4o to ask, "What is the weather today in San Francisco?" In its response, ChatGPT told me that it searched four sites and provided links to them. 

Also: How to get ChatGPT to browse the web for free

If you are looking for a platform that can explain complex topics in an easy-to-understand manner, then ChatGPT might be what you want. If you want the best of both worlds, plenty of AI search engines combine both.

What is SearchGPT?

SearchGPT is an experimental offering from OpenAI that functions as an AI-powered search engine that is aware of current events and uses real-time information from the Internet. The experience is a prototype, and OpenAI plans to integrate the best features directly into ChatGPT in the future.

Also: You wanted to try OpenAI's SearchGPT? It's time to look for AI alternatives

Upon launching the prototype, users were given a waitlist to sign up for. However, shortly after,  OpenAI closed its waitlist. 

What are ChatGPT's limitations?

Despite its impressive capabilities, ChatGPT still has limitations. Users sometimes need to reword questions multiple times for ChatGPT to understand their intent. A bigger limitation is a lack of quality in responses, which can sometimes be plausible-sounding but are verbose or make no practical sense.

Also: How AI hallucinations could help create life-saving antibiotics

Instead of asking for clarification on ambiguous questions, the model guesses what your question means, which can lead to poor responses. Generative AI models are also subject to hallucinations, which can result in inaccurate responses.

Does ChatGPT give wrong answers?

As mentioned above, ChatGPT, like all language models, has  limitations  and can give nonsensical answers and incorrect information, so it's important to double-check the answers it gives you.

Also: 8 ways to reduce ChatGPT hallucinations

OpenAI recommends you provide feedback on what ChatGPT generates by using the thumbs-up and thumbs-down buttons to improve its underlying model. You can also join the startup's Bug Bounty program , which offers up to $20,000 for reporting security bugs and safety issues.

Can ChatGPT refuse to answer my prompts?

AI systems like ChatGPT can and do reject  inappropriate requests . The AI assistant can identify inappropriate submissions to prevent unsafe content generation.

Also:  6 things ChatGPT can't do (and another 20 it refuses to do)

These submissions include questions that violate someone's rights, are offensive, are discriminatory, or involve illegal activities. The ChatGPT model can also challenge incorrect premises, answer follow-up questions, and even admit mistakes when you point them out.

These guardrails are important. AI models can generate advanced, realistic content that can be exploited by bad actors for harm, such as spreading misinformation about public figures and influencing elections .

Does ChatGPT plagiarize?

Yes, sort of. OpenAI scraped the internet to train ChatGPT's models. Therefore, the technology's knowledge is influenced by other people's work. Since there is no guarantee that ChatGPT's outputs are entirely original, the chatbot may regurgitate someone else's work in your answer, which is considered plagiarism. 

Also, technically speaking, if you, as a user, copy and paste ChatGPT's response, that is an act of plagiarism because you are claiming someone else's work as your own. This act could have repercussions. 

Is there a ChatGPT detector?

In short, the answer is no, not because people haven't tried, but because none do it efficiently. 

In January 2023, OpenAI released a free tool to detect AI-generated text. Unfortunately, OpenAI's classifier tool could only correctly identify 26% of AI-written text with a "likely AI-written" designation. Furthermore, it provided false positives 9% of the time, incorrectly identifying human-written work as AI-produced. 

Also: I tested 7 AI content detectors - they're getting dramatically better at identifying plagiarism

The tool performed so poorly  that, six months after its release, OpenAI shut it down "due to its low rate of accuracy." Despite the tool's failure, the startup claims to be researching more effective techniques for AI text identification.

Other AI detectors exist on the market, including GPT-2 Output Detector ,  Writer AI Content Detector , and Content at Scale's AI Content Detection  tool. ZDNET tested these tools, and the results were underwhelming: all three were unreliable sources for spotting AI, repeatedly giving false negatives. Here are  ZDNET's full test results .

What is GPT-4?

GPT-4 is OpenAI's language model, much more advanced than its predecessor, GPT-3.5. GPT-4 outperforms GPT-3.5 in a series of simulated benchmark exams and produces fewer hallucinations. 

What is GPT-4o?

GPT-4o is OpenAI's latest, fastest, and most advanced flagship model. As the name implies, GPT-4o has the same intelligence as GPT-4. However, the "o" in the title stands for "omni", referring to its multimodal capabilities, which allow the model to understand text, audio, image, and video inputs and output text, audio, and image outputs.

Also:  6 ways OpenAI just supercharged ChatGPT for free users

The model is 50% cheaper in OpenAI's API than GPT-4 Turbo while still matching its English and coding capabilities and outperforming it in non-English language, vision, and audio understanding -- a big win for developers.

What are the best ChatGPT alternatives?

Although ChatGPT gets the most buzz, other options are just as good—and might even be better suited to your needs.  ZDNET has created a list of the best chatbots , all of which we have tested to identify the best tool for your requirements.

Also: 4 things Claude AI can do that ChatGPT can't

Despite ChatGPT's extensive abilities, other chatbots have advantages that might be better suited for your use case, including  Copilot , Claude , Perplexity ,  Jasper , and more.

What are GPTs?

OpenAI once offered plugins for ChatGPT to connect to third-party applications and access real-time information on the web. The plugins expanded ChatGPT's abilities , allowing it to assist with many more activities, such as planning a trip or finding a place to eat. 

Also:  My two favorite ChatGPT Plus features and the remarkable things I can do with them

However, on March 19, 2024, OpenAI stopped letting users install new plugins or start new conversations with existing ones. Instead, OpenAI replaced plugins with GPTs , which are easier for developers to build. 

With the latest update, all users, including those on the free plan, can access the GPT Store and find 3 million customized ChatGPT chatbots. Unfortunately, there is also a lot of spam in the GPT store, so be careful which ones you use.

What is Microsoft's involvement with ChatGPT?

Microsoft was an early investor in OpenAI, the AI startup behind ChatGPT, long before ChatGPT was released to the public. Microsoft's first involvement with OpenAI was in 2019 when the company invested $1 billion. The company invested another $2 billion in the years after. In January 2023, Microsoft extended its partnership with OpenAI through a multiyear, multi-billion dollar investment .

Also: ChatGPT vs. Copilot: Which AI chatbot is better for you?

Neither company disclosed the investment value, but unnamed sources told Bloomberg that it could total $10 billion over multiple years. In return, OpenAI's exclusive cloud-computing provider is Microsoft Azure, powering all OpenAI workloads across research, products, and API services.

Microsoft has also used its OpenAI partnership to revamp its Bing search engine and improve its browser. On February 7, 2023, Microsoft unveiled a new Bing tool , now known as Copilot, that runs on OpenAI's GPT-4, customized specifically for search.

How does Copilot compare to ChatGPT?

Copilot uses OpenAI's GPT-4, which means that since its launch, it has been more efficient and capable than the standard, free version of ChatGPT, which was powered by GPT 3.5 at the time. At the time, Copilot boasted several other features over ChatGPT, such as access to the internet, knowledge of current information, and footnotes.

Also: I was a Copilot diehard until ChatGPT added these 5 features

In May 2024, however, OpenAI supercharged the free version of its chatbot with GPT-4o. The upgrade gave users GPT-4 level intelligence, the ability to get responses from the web, analyze data, chat about photos and documents, use GPTs, and access the GPT Store and Voice Mode. After the upgrade, ChatGPT reclaimed its crown as the best AI chatbot.

What is Gemini and how does it relate to ChatGPT?

Gemini is Google's AI chat service, a rival to ChatGPT. On February 6, 2023, Google introduced its experimental AI chat service, which was then called Google Bard. 

Also: ChatGPT vs. Microsoft Copilot vs. Gemini: Which is the best AI chatbot?

Over a month after the announcement, Google began rolling out  access to Bard first via a waitlist . Now, the tool is available to the public. The biggest perk of Gemini is that it has Google Search at its core and has the same feel as Google products. Therefore, if you are an avid Google user, Gemini might be the best AI chatbot for you. 

What is Apple's involvement with OpenAI?

At Apple's Worldwide Developer's Conference  in June 2024, the company announced a partnership with OpenAI that will integrate ChatGPT with Siri. With the user's permission, Siri can request ChatGPT for help if Siri deems a task is better suited for ChatGPT.

Artificial Intelligence

Chatgpt is (obviously) the most popular ai app - but the runners up may surprise you, my 5 favorite ai chatbot apps for android - see what you can do with them, how i test an ai chatbot's coding ability - and you can, too.

Types Of Thesis Statements

Different Types of Thesis Statements Explained with Examples

Published on: Sep 3, 2024

Last updated on: Sep 3, 2024

People also read

If you’ve come to this, You might be asking yourself, "How many types of thesis statements are there?"

Well, there are different types of thesis statements, each designed for a specific kind of essay. If you’re looking to inform, persuade, or analyze, picking the right type of thesis statement is key.

We’ll explore the main types and even some you might not be familiar with, giving you clear examples to guide you along the way.

By the end of this blog, you'll know all about the different types of thesis statements in essays and how to use them in your writing.

Let's get started and make your essays more structured and impactful!

The 3 Major Types of Thesis Statements

A thesis statement is a single sentence that tells the main idea or point of your essay. A good thesis statement clearly explains what your essay is about and what you’re trying to show or argue.

Depending on the nature and the type of paper you’re writing, thesis statements can be divided into three primary types. 

Expository/Explanatory Thesis Statement

An explanatory or expository thesis statement is all about giving information and explaining something. When you use this type, you’re setting up your essay to provide details, describe a process, or clarify a concept. Your goal is to inform the reader rather than to argue or analyze.

Example: “The process of photosynthesis involves the conversion of sunlight into energy, which plants use to grow and produce oxygen.”

In this example, the thesis statement clearly indicates that the essay will explain how photosynthesis works. It doesn’t try to persuade the reader or analyze different aspects; it simply provides information on a topic.

Argumentative Thesis Statement

In this example, the thesis statement clearly indicates that the argumentative essay will explain how photosynthesis works. It doesn’t try to persuade the reader or analyze different aspects; it simply provides information on a topic.

Example: “Implementing a four-day workweek would increase productivity and improve employee well-being, making it a beneficial change for modern businesses.”

Here, the thesis statement makes a clear argument that the four-day workweek is a positive change. The essay will then focus on providing evidence and reasons to support this point of view, as well as addressing any opposing views.

Analytical Thesis Statement

An analytical thesis statement breaks down a topic into its components and examines them. It’s used when you want to analyze how something works or evaluate different parts of a subject. This type of thesis statement is great for essays that involve analyzing literature, processes, or events.

Example: “In Shakespeare’s Hamlet , the use of soliloquies reveals the internal conflicts of the characters, illustrating their struggles with morality and action.”

This thesis statement sets up an essay that will analyze how soliloquies in Hamlet reflect the characters’ inner conflicts. It shows that the essay will dissect the use of these soliloquies and explain their significance.

Other Commonly Used Types

Besides the major types of thesis statements, there are several others that you might come across. Each type serves a different purpose and helps shape your essay in specific ways. Here’s a quick look at some commonly used kinds of thesis statements:

Persuasive Thesis Statement

• When your goal is to convince your reader of your viewpoint, a persuasive thesis statement comes into play. This type clearly presents the argument you'll support with evidence throughout your essay.

Narrative Thesis Statement

• A narrative thesis statement introduces the story or personal experience you'll describe in your essay. It sets the stage for the main event or plot of your narrative.

Descriptive Thesis Statement

• If your essay focuses on painting a vivid picture of a person, place, object, or event, you’ll use a descriptive thesis statement. This type emphasizes detailed and sensory-rich descriptions to help readers visualize the subject.

Comparative Thesis Statement

• To analyze and contrast different subjects, a comparative thesis statement is what you need. It compares two or more things, highlighting their similarities and differences.

Cause and Effect Thesis Statement

• Exploring how one event leads to another calls for a cause and effect thesis statement. This type examines the relationship between causes and their outcomes.

Evaluative Thesis Statement

• When making a judgment about the value or significance of something, an evaluative thesis statement is used. It involves assessing and critiquing the subject based on specific criteria.

Open Thesis Statement:

• An open thesis statement is broad and allows for exploring various aspects of a topic. It’s flexible and doesn’t limit the scope of the essay too much.

Closed Thesis Statement:

• A closed thesis statement is more specific and outlines the exact points or arguments that will be addressed in the essay. It gives a clear direction and indicates the structure of the argument or analysis.

How to Choose the Right Type of Thesis Statement 

Choosing the right thesis statement is essential for guiding your essay in the right direction. To find the best fit, consider the following steps:

• Know Your Goal: Decide if you’re trying to inform, argue, analyze, or compare.
• Match the Format: Choose a thesis that fits the style of your essay, like narrative, descriptive, or cause and effect.
• Align with Your Points: Make sure your thesis reflects what you’ll be discussing or comparing.
• Be Clear: Your thesis should clearly show the direction of your essay.
• Be Flexible: Adjust your thesis if your focus changes during writing.

In Summary, 

So, what’s the takeaway from all these different types of thesis statements? Understanding and choosing the right one can make a huge difference in how you communicate your ideas. Each type has its own role in shaping your essay.

If you need a helping hand with writing thesis statements, don’t worry—there’s help available. Try using the thesis statement generator from MyEssayWriter.ai . It’s a powerful tool that can guide you in creating a strong, clear thesis statement tailored to your essay’s needs. 

Give our essay writer a try and take the guesswork out of your writing process!

Commonly Asked Questions

What is the 3 parts of a thesis statement.

• Topic: This tells the reader what the essay is about. It’s the subject you’ll be discussing.
• Claim: This is your main point or argument about the topic. It’s what you want to prove or explain.
• Reasons: These are the main reasons or points that support your claim. They outline how you’ll back up your argument in the essay.

What are the different types of thesis claims?

• Fact Claim: Asserts that something is true or false. It’s based on verifiable evidence.
• Value Claim: Argues whether something is good or bad, right or wrong. It’s based on personal or cultural values.
• Policy Claim: Suggests a course of action or change. It proposes what should be done or how things should be done differently.
• Definition Claim: Defines a term or concept in a specific way. It clarifies what something means or how it should be understood.

What is a theme statement and what are its types?

A theme statement is a sentence that shows the main message or big idea of a story. Instead of just summarizing what happens, it explains what the author wants to say about life, society, or people through the story. 

Its types are:

• Universal theme statement
• Specific theme statement
• Complex theme statement
• Implicit theme statement
• Explicit theme statement

Caleb S. (Mass Literature and Linguistics, Masters)

Caleb S. is an accomplished author with over five years of experience and a Master's degree from Oxford University. He excels in various writing forms, including articles, press releases, blog posts, and whitepapers. As a valued author at MyEssayWriter.ai, Caleb assists students and professionals by providing practical tips on research, citation, sentence structure, and style enhancement.

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