does a doctorate in education make you a doctor

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PhD vs. EdD in Education: Nine expert tips to help you choose [with infographic]

If you want to elevate your career in education, an advanced degree can open the door to more job opportunities. Many schools offer graduate programs in education, but before you go down a rabbit hole of research, first decide if you want to get a PhD or EdD degree.

A PhD and EdD in education are both doctoral degrees. The one you choose will have a significant impact on your graduate school experience, and your career as well. (Already know what you want? Visit our Admission and Deadlines and Requirements pages for more information.)

For a quick overview of differences between the two degrees, view the infographic below or download it here .

Before we explore tips to guide your decision, let’s review important context for each degree.

What is a PhD in Education?

A PhD is a doctorate in philosophy. Historically, it was the first degree offered to students in the field of education and is perhaps more well-known than the EdD.

The PhD in Education is ideal for students who are excited by a career in research. Programs train you to interpret existing theory on a subject, identify opportunities for exploration, and advance theory through critical analysis. It is not necessarily a degree that prepares you for an administrative or leadership role.

With a PhD in Education, you will become an authority on a particular topic or range of topics, and make recommendations on how practitioners should approach or implement them. Examples of research topics might include teaching practices, the effect of learning environments on student outcomes, and inequity in education.

What is an EdD in Education?

An EdD is a doctorate in education, and prepares you for a career in educational leadership. Like the PhD degree, you will learn to interpret research. However, EdD programs train you to apply the research in real-world settings.

While pursuing your EdD degree, you will study critical theory and determine how you can implement it to drive change in K–12 classrooms, universities, community colleges and other organizations. You will also reflect on your role as a leader. Top EdD programs encourage you to analyze your relationship to your research topics and work environments. The goal is to ensure that your leadership is fair and equitable for all people.

PhD vs. EdD: What are the main differences?

The table below summarizes the key differences between a PhD and EdD in education:

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PhD vs. EdD: How to choose

To help you figure out which doctorate in education is right for you, check out these nine helpful tips:

1. Follow your passion

Rather than focusing on the title of the degree, think about what motivates you. Why did you get into education in the first place? Do you want to have a direct impact on classrooms or pursue big-picture change behind the scenes? You may assume that one degree is more prestigious than another, but it’s important to choose a path that will bring you personal satisfaction that is consistent with your career goals.

2. Picture your day-to-day

PhD and EdD programs are a significant time investment. If you’re struggling to decide because both degrees sound rewarding, try picturing what your daily life might look like in each program.

A PhD in Education is decidedly more research-heavy. A majority of your study will include—but is not limited to—investigating theory and research methodologies. By contrast, EdD programs include the application of your research. Much of your time will be spent using your knowledge to solve professional challenges.

3. Explore career options with a PhD in Education

Earning your PhD in education will make you a more desirable candidate for a range of research-oriented positions. Your ability to evaluate research and make recommendations will be a valuable skill to many organizations.

Many people with PhD in education degrees secure jobs as:

• University professor
• Research scholar
• Education director
• Policy researcher

Want specific examples? For a list of positions held by recent graduates from USC Rossier’s PhD in Urban Education program (PhD), check out our Benefits and Career Paths page.

4. Explore career options with an EdD in Education

EdD programs prepare you for different kinds of senior positions. You will be eligible for leadership roles primarily in education administration, however your high-level skill-set will be desirable to certain nonprofits and businesses as well.

Position titles for professionals with an EdD degree may include:

• Superintendent
• University or college president
• Director of a research center
• Development manager
• Curriculum developer

5. Compare PhD vs. EdD coursework

Doctor in education programs are rigorous and challenging, and while both are rooted in research, their paths diverge. Coursework in PhD programs highlights qualitative and quantitative research methods, and gives you the tools needed to perform your own research. You will also work on your dissertation, and be required to take oral and written exams.

Additionally, PhD students typically have the chance to work one-on-one with a research faculty member on their research. As you narrow your search for a graduate school, remember to review faculty and consider opportunities for collaboration.

EdD courses in educational leadership train you to view common problems in education from multiple perspectives. Courses early in the program urge you to use research as a tool that can provide practical solutions that promote equity. As you progress, you will then take actionable steps to address a problem of practice.

6. Review PhD vs. EdD specializations at different schools

You want to choose a university that aligns with your personal interests. Start by reviewing schools’ mission statements. Do they seem principle-driven or focused on ushering you through the program?  You also want to check out the concentrations offered by each program. Select a program that is going to let you explore issues and challenges that matter to you.

Concentrations vary by university. For example, some concentrations may include educational leadership in K–12 schools, educational psychology or higher education. Expect universities located in or near cities to offer concentrations exploring urban education settings as well.

7. Consider PhD and EdD online programs

If you’re a working professional and don’t want to commute to a physical campus while you earn a degree, an online doctor of education program may be right for you. Online programs cover the same information as their in-person counterparts, but offer a little more flexibility for students.

However, classes such as those included in USC Rossier’s Doctor of Education in Educational Leadership online program are held live, meaning you are required to attend the online class at a specific day and time.Note: It may be easier to find online options for EdD than PhD programs.

8. Research PhD vs. EdD dissertation requirements

A traditional part of a PhD in education is the dissertation. Dissertation requirements vary by program and school, but generally include thorough investigation of a topic from multiple angles, copious research, and an exam to defend your written work once it’s completed.

By contrast, some EdD programs require you to complete a dissertation in practice. Using research methods learned in the program, you will attempt to resolve a problem in education dealing with equity and access. You may also have the chance to work alongside a group of students and an advisor to tackle the problem. In addition to the different requirements of PhD and EdD dissertations, individual schools may want you to explore issues that fall within their philosophical focus.

9. Estimate your time commitment

Before committing to a doctorate in education program, make sure you understand how much time it will take. A PhD in Education typically requires four to six years to complete, while EdD programs take three years, and may be completed while you work.

Additionally, some PhD programs are full-time commitments. Because of the workload, you can’t work a full-time schedule. However, your tuition is covered by a graduate assistantship. A Master’s degree may also not be necessary for acceptance into a PhD program.

USC Rossier resources

If you’re still unsure about which doctorate in education is right for you, we’re happy to provide personalized guidance .

You can also use USC Rossier’s simple career survey tool.

Curious about the requirements for our doctoral programs ? Check out the list of program comparisons. As a school that has offered doctoral degrees for 100 years, USC Rossier is uniquely positioned to provide insight and expertise on doctoral programs in education

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• Higher education

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Doctor of Education : Doctorate Degree in Education

Johns Hopkins’ newly redesigned, global online Doctor of Education is at the forefront of education doctoral programs with the most innovative, challenging, and student-centered program of its kind.

Celebrating its 10th anniversary, the program continues to lead with the “EdD 2.0” offering, which is ideal for the busy education practitioner within any professional context. Our program recognizes that learning is both lifelong and occurs outside of formal schooling.

The vision of the Johns Hopkins EdD program is to prepare education-practitioners across the country and around the world to think critically about problems within their education environment and develop the insights and capacity to lead positive, sustained change.

Questions? Please reach out and we’ll be in touch soon.

Upcoming admissions events.

Have questions about our degree programs, the application, or financial aid and costs? Join us for an inside look at a graduate experience defined by innovation and driven by evidence-based research. Learn more about your area of interest or career path, meet some of our faculty, and connect to the Johns Hopkins School of Education community. Check out our admissions events and register for a virtual information session today.

Fall 2024 Semester Classes Begin

Core Faculty

Yolanda abel, edd.

Associate Professor

Affiliation

Advanced Studies in Education

Administration, Organization & Leadership, Education Policy & Politics, Social Context of Education

Camille Bryant, PhD

Joshua travis brown, phd.

Assistant Professor

Administration, Organization & Leadership, Education Policy & Politics, Postsecondary Education, Social Context of Education

Marcia Davis, PhD

Associate Professor (Research) Co-Director, Center for Social Organization of Schools Director of Research, Baltimore Education Research Consortium

Center for Social Organization of Schools, SOE Leadership

Learning & Instruction, Research, Evaluation & Assessment

Christine Eith, PhD

Interim Department Chair, Advanced Studies in Education Assistant Professor

Keri M. Guilbault, EdD

Associate Professor Interim Director, Doctor of Education Program Faculty Lead, Gifted Education Programs

Counseling & Educational Studies

Gifted Education, Learning & Instruction

Ranjini Mahinda JohnBull, PhD

Learning & Instruction, Mind, Brain, & Teaching

Olivia Marcucci, PhD

Advanced Studies in Education, Center for Safe and Healthy Schools

Social Context of Education

James Diamond, PhD

Educational Technology, Learning & Instruction

E. Juliana Pare-Blagoev, EdD

Eric rice, phd.

Social Context of Education, Urban Education

Laura Flores Shaw, EdD

Assistant Professor Faculty Lead, Doctor of Education

Learning & Instruction

Henry M. Smith, EdD

Administration, Organization & Leadership, Education Policy & Politics

Program Overview

Exceptional education-practitioners will engage with an internationally renowned faculty to cultivate and practice curiosity, critical discourse, and perspective taking in a unique and rigorous course of study using the lenses of social justice, systems thinking, appropriate research methods, and empirical inquiry.

Coursework includes the latest research on the social determinants of education; mind, brain, and teaching; entrepreneurship; data and measurement; and technology. The redesigned program allows our doctoral students to customize their program by expanding their choice of electives so that they may focus more deeply on their professional interests that align with their problem of practice. Our online EdD prepares education practitioners to be transformational leaders within their professional settings.

The vision of the Johns Hopkins EdD program is to impact complex educational problems across the globe by preparing education practitioners to think critically and systemically about problems within their professional settings and develop deep understanding and insights to lead positive, sustained change within those settings.Our graduates create new areas of research, promote distribution and utilization of research findings in professional practice, and contribute to wider public discourse and policy.

Areas of Interest

The EdD program includes areas of interest. Applicants can indicate one or more areas of interest they think are related to a problem of practice and would like to explore. Current areas of interest are:

Creativity, Advanced Learning, and Twice Exceptionality

Digital age learning and educational technology, entrepreneurial leadership in education, mind, brain, and teaching, urban leadership.

Courses in this area of interest are designed to prepare candidates for leadership roles in advanced academics and gifted education with an emphasis on research and application of current best practices in the field. Based on the National Association for Gifted Children (NAGC) and Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) Advanced Standards in Gifted Education Teacher Training, candidates will develop specialization in leading and evaluating programs and services for students who are creative, advanced, gifted, and twice exceptional. This area of interest is appropriate for candidates who: (a) want to deepen their expertise and prepare for leadership roles in their school, district, or state; (b) work in related nonprofit organizations, independent schools, or plan to develop their own educational enrichment programs; and (c) aspire to move into teacher preparation and research roles.

Available Courses:

• Twice Exceptional Learners
• Creativity in Education
• Seminar I in Gifted and Talented Education
• Leadership of Gifted Education and Talent Development Programs
• Seminar II in Gifted Education and Talent Development Programs
• Research in Gifted Education, Creativity, and Twice Exceptionalities

The Digital Age Learning and Educational Technology area of interest in the EdD program provides students opportunities to take courses in educational communication and technology. Select courses are available from the School of Education’s Digital Age Learning and Educational Technology (DALET) master’s degree program. This program prepares aspiring and practicing professionals and entrepreneurs in the field of educational communication and technology to design, develop, implement, and evaluate digital technology-supported tools and environments for learning across the lifespan in a variety of formal and informal settings, including pre-K–12, higher education, industry, government, and museums.

• Computational Thinking for K-12 Educators
• Explorations in Blended and Hybrid Learning
• Foundations of Online Teaching and Learning
• Fundamentals of Design Thinking
• Gaming and Simulations for Learning
• Instructional Design for Online Learning
• Maker Education: Cultivating Curiosity, Creativity, and Problem Solving in Theory and Practice
• Technology for Learner Variability
• Technology Integration for the 21st Century Learner
• Technology and the Science of Learning

Entrepreneurial Leadership in Education offers a unique opportunity for school and other educational organization leaders in both public and private educational environments. Students develop their knowledge, skills, and dispositions as they engage in leading efforts to build new venture opportunities in varied educational organizations. Through multidisciplinary lenses, educational leaders promote innovation in the paradigms, strategies, values and culture in school systems, social entrepreneurial ventures, and education companies. Each of the courses offers an opportunity to explore leadership theoretical frameworks, identify a Problem of Practice, and create a plan of action, through analysis and synthesis of presentations, readings, and discussion of the current state of multiple educational environments and the visions and challenges for the future.

• Entrepreneurship in Education
• Talent Management and Organizational Finance for Entrepreneurial Leaders
• Data Driven Decision Making
• Partnerships and Educational Organizations

Mind, Brain, and Teaching is designed for educators interested in exploring research from cognitive theories and neurosciences and its potential to inform the education field. Courses promote integration of diverse disciplines that investigate human learning and development. This area of interest builds upon basic and applied research from the fields of cognitive science, psychology and brain sciences, neurology, neuroscience, and education. It provides educators with knowledge of how emerging research in the learning sciences can inform teaching and learning. Students gain the knowledge and skills to interpret basic and applied research and apply relevant findings to educational practices and policies. This area of interest is designed to support the development of knowledge, insights, and competencies among students with two different levels of prior knowledge in the learning sciences: those who have had limited formal exposure to the learning sciences, and those who have a master’s degree or master’s certificate in the learning sciences.

• Fundamentals of Cognitive Development
• Neurobiology of Learning Differences
• Cognitive Processes of Literacy and Numeracy
• Special Topics in Brain Sciences

Cities are usually characterized by diverse populations with rich communities made up of many different races, classes, languages, and nationalities, and this dynamism is a chief strength of urban areas. However, urban schools typically serve populations characterized by high concentrations of poverty and therefore face difficult choices about how to allocate scarce resources. Urban Leadership is designed for educational professionals interested in exploring this dual nature of urban schools through a deep understanding of a Problem of Practice based in their unique context of professional practice. This area of interest prepares educational leaders to work in urban environments through a focus on topics such as building a strength-based understanding of the complexities of urban communities, engaging the latest research on urban educational programs, developing strategies for program improvement, and building partnerships with families, communities, and other organizations.

• Approaches to Urban Education
• Individuals in Urban Context
• Organizations and Institutions
• Partnerships and Community Organizing

Graduates from our EdD program work in diverse areas, including executive roles in educational organizations and start-ups, leadership in K-12 school districts and systems, consultancy in specialized education fields, and more.

• Administrator
• Superintendent
• Instructional Designer
• Chief Learning Officer

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Continue your full-time career and apply what you learn in real time as you earn your degree 100% online.

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State-specific information for online students.

Students should be aware of additional state-specific information for online programs . Johns Hopkins University is a member of the Carnegie Project on the Education Doctorate , which is the knowledge forum on the EdD. It has a membership of over 100 schools of education in the U.S., Canada, and New Zealand working collaboratively to improve professional preparation in education at the highest level.

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The Doctorate in Education: Is it Worth It?

At some point along their career track, many educational professionals eventually weigh the decision to earn a Ph.D. or Ed.D. in education.

In our last blog post , we examined the differences between the Ph.D. and Ed.D. and the benefits an Ed.D. can offer those pursuing leadership roles in education—as well as positions in nonprofit and government agencies and private sectors. We also surveyed the differences among Ed.D. programs, how to choose a college or university, and what to expect from the curriculum.

But what about time and cost? After you complete your Ed.D. will you see an increase in career opportunities and salary? In other words, is the juice really worth the squeeze?

Let’s take a look.

How Long Will It Take To Earn a Ed.D.?

If you’re considering earning your Ed.D. in education , you’ve most likely already completed your M.A. or M.A.Ed. Like a master’s degree, a doctorate takes a significant time commitment and a high level of personal dedication. It’s not easy.

While it’s possible to earn the degree in as little as two years of full-time study, most students don’t take this route. Unlike Ph.D. candidates, most Ed.D. candidates are employed full-time in the education field and choose to continue their jobs alongside their studies.

Depending on the course load and the design of the dissertation or capstone project, the degree can take four, five, or up to seven years at most.

How Much Does an Ed.D. Cost?

While the length of time you’ll spend working on your Ed.D. is important, it’s also essential to weigh the financial commitment of the degree. Here are some points to keep in mind when estimating the investment you will need to make to earn an Ed.D.:

• Tuition Costs. A typical Ed.D. program will require 60-66 credits. Tuition costs per credit can range from $350 to $775, resulting in a final price tag of $21,000 to $55,000 for the degree. Also look into any additional fees and the cost of attending orientation and conferences, and any professional memberships or certification programs that may be required.

• Program Location and Cost of Living. If you plan to enroll in a program in another city or state, what will the cost of relocating be? Will there be a change in your overall cost of living in the new location? Will you be able to keep your current job if you move, and if not, will your salary take a hit? More and more schools are now offering Ed.D. degrees entirely online, which can be a great option if there are no good programs in your geographic area and you don’t want to quit your day job.
• Employment Status. If you maintain a full-time job while earning your degree you won’t have to sacrifice your income, healthcare, or 401K savings to go to school.
• Tuition Reimbursement. Many employers offer financial incentives to current employees to advance their education, especially in a field relevant to their job duties. Check to see if your company or organization participates in a tuition reimbursement program. If so, do your research to make sure that the course of study you decide on will qualify.  

Earning a doctorate is challenging and rewarding, but do you know what to really expect? Download this free guide for tips and insights to help you prepare for success.  

How can an ed.d. impact earning potential.

While an Ed.D. can grow your skill set, it can also have a significant impact on your annual earnings. Most senior positions in education and educational administration require an Ed.D., which is one of the main reasons that education professionals choose to pursue the degree. Having an Ed.D. under your belt allows you to advance within your current organization or to acquire a highly sought job at a school or university.

Here’s a look at the top senior education positions and what you can expect to make from each:

The focus of your coursework can also impact your future earnings. Most programs that lead to positions in private schools and companies will likely yield a higher salary than those that lead to nonprofits or public institutions. And a specialization in higher education administration and management will often yield a higher salary than a specialization in early childhood education.

5 Reasons To Earn Your Ed.D. That Have Nothing To Do With an Income Boost

Deciding to pursue an Ed.D. is a big decision that should not be taken lightly. As we’ve seen, it requires a significant commitment of both time and money. However, if you’re looking to advance your career and maximize your earning potential, the degree can open up a range of new possibilities.

Here are the top 5 reasons to earn your Ed.D.:

• You will gain the skills needed to effect change in your organization. An Ed.D. will help you hone your communication, assessment and management skills—skills that are in great demand in today’s educational institutions. If you are interested in taking the wheel, an Ed.D. will prepare you to advance and expand in your school or organization.
• You will develop the tools you need to become a better administrator in today’s educational environments. Education is a rapidly changing field; advanced study into current education trends, including digital literacy and collaborative learning will allow you to apply your knowledge and experience to solve problems and fix gaps in the educational systems around you.
• You can add clout to your résumé to give your new career search a boost. Are you looking to pursue new opportunities in the educational field? Whether you’re hoping to land a job in public education, government or the private sector, an Ed.D. degree will help your résumé stand out from the rest. Many programs offer specializations such as curriculum, instruction and assessment or higher education leadership, allowing you to gain specific skill sets and build your professional network within the area.
• You can learn how to better leverage technology to teach future generations. Educational technology is evolving in new and exciting ways. Learning how to incorporate technology into instructional design will allow you learning challenges in classrooms and training rooms in new ways.
• You will be qualified for senior educational leadership positions. Many elite, well-paying jobs—including superintendent, dean, and college president—require a doctorate. And, according to the Bureau of Labor and Statistics, post-secondary college administration positions will experience faster than average growth in the coming decade.a

Tips on Getting Started

By now you may be 100 percent sure you’re ready to pursue an Ed.D.. Now what? What should you look at when researching programs and an estimating a graduation date? Consider the following factors to help determine a realistic timeline for the degree:

• Transfer Credit. Ed.D. programs typically transfer academic credits earned from any previous doctoral coursework . The amount of credits you can transfer will vary from one university to another. Reaching out to admissions counselors at different schools will help you find the best fit.
• Course Load and Schedule. Whether you will be studying in a classroom or remotely, you’ll need to decide how many classes you will be able to handle per term. This will vary based on the demands of your day job and family commitments, as well as your competence and background in the subject matter. If you are working on an academic schedule you should also look into which programs offer classes during the summer (when you may have more time to commit to your studies).
• Dissertation or Capstone Project. Most Ed.D. programs conclude with a final practicum, where you take what you have learned over the course of your classes and apply it to a real-world problem. The requirements of the dissertation or capstone project will depend on the college or university. If you are able to design your project to focus on your current place of employment, you will likely be able finish in less time than someone who cannot.

If you are a mid-career education professional looking to advance your career, raise your salary, and impact real change, then the answer is: Yes, it’s worth getting the degree. An Ed.D. requires a significant investment of both time and money—and it isn’t for everyone. But by doing the research and making the investment in the right way, you can position yourself to grow your career in a meaningful, financially rewarding way.

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Home > Blog > Tips for Online Students > Tips for Students > What Is An Ed.D. And Why Is It Important For Your Future?

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What Is An Ed.D. And Why Is It Important For Your Future?

Updated: June 19, 2024

Published: May 26, 2020

Many students who are seeking a career in education find themselves at a crossroads when presented with earning a Doctor of Education or a PhD in Education. Both levels of education are equal, yet their outcomes in terms of careers are very different. Depending on your career goals, you’ll want to understand these nuances before enrolling in either an EdD program or a PhD in Education.

Here, we will outline the differences, expectations, and outcomes for both program types.

What Is An EdD?

EdD stands for Doctor of Education. It is a professional degree that those pursuing a career in educational leadership roles will possess.

Doctor of Education programs include research curricula that prepares graduates to be able to impact practice and policy in the world of education. Not only is there research involved, but the degree is highly practical such that students can apply their knowledge to real-world scenarios to effect change.

With an EdD, graduates can work in K-12 education, non-profits, and the government. Additionally, those with this degree may enter healthcare or the military.

Photo by  Tra Nguyen  on  Unsplash

What is a phd in education.

A PhD in Education stands for a Doctor of Philosophy in Education. This terminal degree is intended for those who want to work in academia itself.

For example, postsecondary teachers and researchers tend to earn PhDs as opposed to EdDs. Rather than practical and research-heavy, the degree focuses on theory and is mostly study-based.

Those who take part in earning their PhD are often published in respected journals and speak at conferences while fulfilling program requirements.

EdD Vs. PhD In Education: Understanding The Differences

While an EdD is meant for administration and leadership and a PhD is meant for professors and teaching, there are even more differences.

Here’s a direct breakdown of an EdD vs. PhD in Education:

• Administration focused
• Practical more than philosophical
• Peers are typically professionals
• Can hold full-time jobs while pursuing the degree
• Research intensive
• Funding may be granted for those in the program
• More program options to choose from
• Prepare students for a faculty career in higher education
• Jobs include: Postsecondary Teachers and Academic Researchers

What To Expect In A Doctor Of Education Program

When enrolled in an EdD program, you can expect to begin with coursework that includes subjects like quantitative analysis and the future of education. These classes are practice-oriented and research-based so that you are prepared for a field-based doctoral project.

For example, you may be required to redesign a school district’s policy. Here’s what you can expect in terms of the program:

Length Of Study

On average, EdD programs take about 2 years to complete. However, the program can take 4 or 5 years if working, even up to 7.

Costs Of Ed.D

60-66 units, around $20K-$50K

Earning Potential

Depending on your location and job title, the earning potential varies. However, some of the most common job titles and expected average salaries are:

• Education Administrator – $97,640
• Provost – $147,100
• Academic Dean – $90,330

What Can You Do With An EdD?

Once you graduate with an EdD, there are many career opportunities that you will be qualified for. Here’s a look at some jobs you may be interested in pursuing:

1. Postsecondary Education Administrators

Postsecondary education administrators oversee the faculty in higher education institutions. They often start their careers as professors and then become provosts or deans.

2. Elementary And Secondary School Education Administrators

Like the aforementioned position, these administrators oversee faculty and staff, but in elementary and high school settings.

3. Top Executives

Executives like Chief Learning Officers help devise plans to meet organizational goals.

4. Instructional Coordinators

Creating curriculums, instructional coordinators also help teachers implement how to teach effectively.

5. School Principal

In primary and secondary school, principals monitor operations, train staff, hire teachers, and manage budgets. A lot of principals have experience as teachers and then earn their EdD to obtain the position of school principal.

6. Postsecondary Teacher

Although it’s more likely for a postsecondary teacher (professor) to earn their PhD, some may earn their EdD too.

What Can You Do With A PhD In Education?

Like an EdD, a PhD affords graduates with a wide range of lucrative and fulfilling career opportunities. The most common career paths for those with a PhD in Education include:

Postsecondary Teacher

Also known as professors, postsecondary teachers are those who teach in universities and colleges. When they aren’t lecturing, they may also conduct research, contribute to academic journals and lecture at conferences.

Academic Researcher

Academic researchers may work for institutions or independently to conduct their research.

Benefits Of An EdD (Besides Money)

Besides the great earning potential for those with their EdD, the career options are filled with impact and benefits, like:

• Honing skills for organizational change
• Supporting educational change
• Boosting one’s resume
• Leveraging technology
• Working in top positions within companies or education

Photo by  Jasmine Coro  on  Unsplash

Where can i study edd.

For those interested in earning an EdD, there are many online programs to choose from. Online programs offer increased flexibility and lower cost compared to traditional campuses.

On your journey towards these terminal degrees, you may be interested in earning a Master’s in Education (M.Ed). For those seeking an online and tuition-free program, the University of the People offers exactly that!

The Wrap Up

Earning your M.Ed , EdD or PhD will provide you with the knowledge and skills to enter a career within education. With a PhD, you can become a professor or researcher. An EdD program will provide you with practical knowledge to work in administration and educational policy.

Regardless of the route that you decide is right for you, you will be able to make a difference in one of the most important fields in the world — education!

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Can PhDs legitimately claim to be doctors?

I’ve frequently heard people claim that individuals who hold PhDs are not “real” doctors. These people assert that only physicians can rightfully claim this title, and that it’s inappropriate for PhD-holders to use this term. For some reason, many also think that the MD is much more difficult to attain than a PhD for example in computer science.

So - should Ph.D.s Be Referred To As ‘Doctor?

Ps: currently i am a PhD student and don't know why the question is being devoted!

• 25 The answer is "Yes". –  Michael Commented Mar 27, 2017 at 15:07
• 1 Yes they can legitimately claim that, just not that they are medical doctors (or doctors in any other field they are no doctor in). –  skymningen Commented Mar 27, 2017 at 15:07
• 2 The people I know who say this (of themselves) are usually being somewhat sarcastic and say this as a form of irony . –  Dave L Renfro Commented Mar 27, 2017 at 16:30
• 2 This is possibly country dependent, but for Germany this is utterly wrong: "many also think that the MD is much more difficult to attain than a PhD" - Medical doctors get the equivalent of a "paper doctorate" thrown after them so they can be called "doctor" as part of their degree, while "real doctors" have to start a doctorate and carry out rigorous research to obtain the degree/academic title. Now other countries may handle this very differently and there this statement may or may not be true. –  DetlevCM Commented Aug 23, 2018 at 6:45
• 3 One of my former colleagues long ago told me: "The only time I call myself Dr Friedman is when I make a reservation at a restaurant." –  GEdgar Commented Aug 23, 2018 at 14:28

7 Answers 7

In the modern USA the title of doctor is valid for both medical doctors and holders of PhDs in the US, but particular customs may vary by institution. The general rule of thumb for etiquette is to refer to someone however they wish to be referred to. If you have a PhD that insists they be referred to as doctor it would be very impolite to not do so. Likewise if you have an MD who insists that you do not use their title it would be similarly impolite.

In situations where it is important to avoid confusion it is common to spell it out explicitly. Rather than using the honorific use the explicit degree, for example it is very common for email signatures to look like:

John Doe, Ph.D. in Computer Science

Dr. John Doe

Similarly, an MD would tend to say:

Jane Doe, MD, Cardiologist

Jane Doe, MD, Ph.D., Cardiology

I suspect that your question has another component, which is essentially whether or not it is "fair" for a Ph.D. holder to refer to themselves as doctor. This requires an assumption that the MD is more challenging to attain than a Ph.D., and that calling oneself a doctor is somehow illegitimately taking the status of a medical doctor. Let me just say that the people who have earned these degrees are generally less concerned about this than those who have not, and that the title someone puts after their name doesn't tell you very much about their individual ability, dedication, or experience.

One of the original meanings for the word "doctor" is teacher or scholar. It literally is derived from the Latin verb docēre which means to teach. As such, a medical doctor is literally a teacher or scholar of medicine. A Computer Science doctor is a teacher or scholar of computer science. The title "Dr" is just a recognition of level of knowledge that a person has obtained in a giving field through recognized academic challenges.

In France the situation is somewhat complex. The overall answer is "yes". But hear me out.

Let me first spell out the theory. It is important to make the distinction between the diploma , the degree , and the title .

• At the end of a " doctorat " (PhD), you are awarded a PhD diploma , which confers you the university degree of doctor. For this you must write a research thesis . This is the fourth and highest university degree. (The other three degrees are, in order, baccalauréat = high school degree, licence = bachelor, and master , none of which grant a title).
• At the end of studies of medicine, you are awarded a State diploma of "doctor of medicine" (MD). However, this diploma does not confer the university degree of doctor. To obtain the diploma, you must write a "practice thesis" ( thèse d'exercice ), which is not at all like a PhD thesis (no requirement of originality, lasts a much smaller time – writing a bibliographical survey is sufficient to obtain it for example). This means that someone who "only" has a diploma of doctor must do an actual PhD in medicine before teaching in university, or doing medical research, and write an actual research thesis. (Hence some people are "double doctors", a title I just made up.)

On a PhD diploma it is explicitly written "The national diploma of doctor is awarded to XXX and confers the degree of doctor , to enjoy the associated rights and prerogatives". The part in italics is not written on diplomas for medical doctors.

Both diplomas give you the title of "doctor". By law, only these diplomas give you the right of using this title. So yes, certainly, a PhD holder has the right to be called " docteur ". MD too. But no one else.

In fact, there is a famous story here. Someone got a " chargé de recherche " ("scientist") position at CNRS. This is somewhat prestigious in French academia, and very competitive. It is essentially a rank of "research-only associate professor". Then he wrote an article in a magazine, signing his name "Docteur XXX". A regional journal called him out on him, saying he was not a real doctor, but only a "mere scientist" (an inane statement once you know that a PhD is required to get this "scientist" position * ). This eventually went to the approximate equivalent of the Supreme Court ( Cour de cassation ), and the regional journal was condemned for defamation of character in 2009. You can read more about it here (in French). In 2013, the law was changed to explicitly state that PhD holders have the right to call themselves and be called "doctor" in professional settings.

So unless you want to get sued and lose (and we don't do plea deals here), you better call PhD holders "doctor" if they ask for it in France.

Now there is the practice. As you know, in theory, practice and theory are the same, but in practice, they differ :)

In ordinary situations, only medical doctors are called "docteur" . It is extremely rare for PhD holders to actually use the title, and then, only in writing (usually in very formal documents). I cannot recall ever hearing someone call a PhD holder "docteur", while I have heard it numerous times for medical doctors. I have a PhD since a few months ago, and only foreigners have called me "doctor". On doors, on faculty directories, on websites... nobody ever write "Dr X". It just doesn't happen.

So it is extremely unlikely that someone would insist that you call them "docteur" if they are not a medical doctor. (In fact even for a medical doctor it would be in bad taste for them to ask... anyway.) But if they do ask, you should oblige.

* Honesty makes me want to amend this a little. The French name for the position, " chargé de recherches ", literally means "someone who has been tasked with research". It sounds a bit bad, because it makes it sound like the person in question is a mere subordinate who does as they are told and nothing else. As I said, it's actually a permanent, research-only position, and a very competitive one at that. It's the same kind of deal as "assistant professor", who are not the assistant of anyone nowadays but still have this somewhat bad-sounding title. (In the private sector, someone with the level of responsibility of an assistant professor would certainly have a grandiose title like "Team manager"... but I digress.)

• Very informative and quite different from the US. And congratulations on your new degree. Here you would likely be called "Doc" by your students. –  Buffy Commented Aug 23, 2018 at 12:11
• @Buffy Thanks! (To be fair I've had it since November but I'm still happy about it :) ). The students just call me "Sir". On the other hand, the use of "professor" is much more relaxed, and I was sometimes called the "exercise session professor" when I was basically a TA, and should have been called " chargé de TD " = "someone tasked with exercise sessions"... Even though the actual title of "professor" is theoretically reserved for full professors. –  user9646 Commented Aug 23, 2018 at 12:13

For Germany the situation should be as follows, IANAL.

If you have your PhD degree from any university as listed in the Carnegie list (find the list here: https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/ ), then generally you can use the Dr. prefix instead of the PhD abbreviation.

(See FAQ item #18 here: https://www.berlin.de/sen/wissenschaft/studium/abschluesse-und-titelfuehrung/haeufige-fragen/ )

This should generalize in my opinion to the whole country.

I would like to refer to a dictionary to answer https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/doctor

The word doctor (in English) can refer to

A physician; a member of the medical profession; one who is trained and licensed to heal the sick or injured. The final examination and qualification may award a doctor degree in which case the post-nominal letters are D.O., DPM, M.D., DMD, DDS, DPT, DC, Pharm.D., in the US or MBBS in the UK. quotations ▼ If you still feel unwell tomorrow, see your doctor. A person who has attained a doctorate, such as a Ph.D. or Th.D. or one of many other terminal degrees conferred by a college or university.

Outside of academic circles, the former is the commonly used definition, so without context, "doctor" will be understood as "physician". And thus a PhD who isn't a physician appears to be a "doctor (PhD) who isn't a doctor (physician)" and this contradiction is commonly refered to as "not a real doctor" or "not that kind of doctor".

So I would say referring to a PhD as doctor is technically correct (and might be unambiguous with some context as in "doctor in computer science") but without context you do risk being misunderstood.

For languages other than English I don't have a good overview, but the same overload of meanings occurs e.g. in German ("Herr Doktor" is probably a male physician) while in Italian it is common to refer to your self as "dottore" after the master already (and then afaik the upper case / lower case spelling disambiguates the master from the PhD).

I've encountered this argument before. Remember, It's not as if the term 'doctor' is protected. Two cases in point:

• A two year law degree is called a 'juris doctor'. Newly minted JDs will be quick to remind you that they, too, are doctors.
• In parts of the U.K., calling a surgeon a 'doctor' is an insult, as historically the surgeons were barbers (who'd 'doctor you up'), because barbers had the sharp tools necessary for surgery. Many U.K. Surgeons go by 'Mr.'

My advice - relying on titles is pointless. Use your intellectual prowess to impress.

If all else fails, insist you go by 'Professor'....or if in or from Germany, 'Professor Doktor'.

• 7 All PhDs are Doctors (specifically, of Philosophy). Not all PhDs are Professors. –  Bryan Krause ♦ Commented Mar 28, 2017 at 22:26
• 4 Actually in some parts of the world the term doctor is protected. Germany is famous for it -- even people with PhDs from outside Germanu can't just call themselves Dr. Related to that a juris doctor is normally a post-graduate degree, but they don't call themselves doctors based on historical laws that once forbid lawyers from advertising (and so claiming to be a doctor was consider to promotional). Surgeons as I understand it normally complete medical school and become Dr , then when they complete there further training at a surgical college, they become Mister –  Frames Catherine White Commented Aug 23, 2018 at 7:11
• @LyndonWhite Yes, but only in the UK. –  Azor Ahai -him- Commented Aug 23, 2018 at 17:47
• @LyndonWhite if the university is on the Carnegie list, you can call yourself Dr. in Germany with a Ph. D. from a US university. –  stephanmg Commented Feb 3, 2021 at 14:31

Only Ph.D holders must be referred to as doctors. Physicians have only bachelors degrees, although the medical degree was divided into two stages in the U.S universities, still, Physicians only have bachelors degree. Doctors are researchers who have finished their dissertations and became scholars in their fields. Physicians don’t write a dissertation and all what they do is to “treat” people from illness, not to “teach” students in universities. Note: The word “Doctor” is a latin word that means “I teach”, and it has nothing to do with treatment or medicine.

• 2 That is country specific - in the European programs I'm familiar with, the physicians' degree is at least Master equivalent (not bachelor) and it is hard to find physicians who don't stay a little longer to write a dissertation and earn the "Dr. med". –  pseyfert Commented Aug 23, 2018 at 6:32

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Reasons To Enroll in a Doctor of Education Program

Industry Advice Education

Why professionals choose to pursue a Doctor of Education varies. Some want to fulfill a personal goal, while others want to gain credibility in their field, build on their master’s degree, or advance their career. No matter the rationale, making the decision to take the next step requires careful consideration. But, according to current and former Doctor of Education students who spent the last week of July on Northeastern’s Boston campus, it’s a decision that pays off.

Download Our Free Guide to Earning Your EdD

Learn how an EdD can give you the skills to enact organizational change in any industry.

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The university’s Doctor of Education (EdD) program recently held its summer residency—an intensive week of workshops, networking, group activities, and presentations. Students engaged with faculty on a diverse range of research topics and theories, while talking with fellow classmates about how they’ve applied their coursework to their own career.

“I researched what I was doing [in library science] and could then improve what I was doing based on my research,” said Georgina Trebbe, an alumna who presented her thesis on building stronger student researchers at the summer residency’s alumni poster session. “The degree gives you credibility among your peers. Now when I speak, I speak with evidence.”

Fellow alumni and students explained why they chose to pursue an EdD and shared candid advice for those currently enrolled in the program. For those interested in earning an EdD of their own, here are some factors and tips to consider.

Patricia Corbett, Mary Jo Rendon, and Scott Morrison on the Student Panel | Image via Julio Chuy

A Doctorate Takes Sacrifice and Perseverance

“Getting your EdD takes resilience, grit, and perseverance,” said EdD candidate Scott Morrison, superintendent of the Tri-Town School Union, during the summer residency student panel. “It’s a true test of your strength to see something from the beginning to the end. There’s such a sense of pride when you make it to the end.”

Fellow panelist Mary Jo Rendon, a family and community engagement specialist for the Finish Strong Program at Waltham High School, echoed Morrison’s sentiment. “There’s a lot of sacrifice,” she said, acknowledging, “There were a lot of beautiful weekends I spent in the library from nine to five, but my role as a scholar-practitioner has stimulated me.”

Enrolling in an EdD program is as much an emotional investment as it is financial. Most EdD candidates are balancing full-time jobs, busy family lives, and rigorous coursework. “Life gets in the way” was repeated throughout the student panel, but so was, “and that’s OK.” Students were encouraged to take their time and not chastise themselves if they get stuck on their topic or slow down their studies.

“Don’t equate duration with difficulty,” Morrison said. “Let yourself manipulate the ideas in your mind. You’ll figure it out. Your goal shouldn’t be to get [your thesis] done. Your goal should be to get it done well.”

Know Your Topic May Change

For those who do waver on their topic, know it’s normal to change course.

“I struggled and switched my topic,” acknowledged Patricia Corbett, chair of the social science and education departments at Great Bay Community College. “But once I got it, I fell in love with it.”

Although switching topics seems like it would require extra work, students will have laid the foundation. Because they’ve already completed some of the steps, the process will be easier the second time around.

“You need to be somewhat flexible with your topic and work with your [dissertation chair],” said Art LaMan at the summer residency’s alumni poster session.

LaMan finished defending his thesis at Northeastern nearly two years ago, noting, “The degree changed the way I approached teaching. It changed the way I view the world. It was the hardest thing I’ve ever done, but also the most intellectually rewarding.”

Stay Confident

The idea of defending your thesis can seem daunting—and for good reason. You’ve spent years researching a particular topic and constructing a compelling argument. That’s the same reason, however, why you shouldn’t lose confidence.

“I would really challenge you to be confident,” said Robert Lilley, who recently, and successfully, defended his thesis on career and technical education programs. “You’re the expert of your work. Any questions they ask you, you know the answer.”

Kelly Conn, an assistant teaching professor in the Doctor of Education program, assured students that, “As dissertation chairs, we would not let you defend your thesis unless you were ready.” Although some might need to revisit their work after their defense, it’s typically to “enhance” the content, according to Conn, rather than rewrite it completely.

Karina Maroney | Image via Julio Chuy

Keep Your Motive in Mind

Going into an EdD program with a clear goal of what you hope to achieve will help keep you focused and inspired. Whenever you’re stuck, asking yourself, “Why did I start this?” can be reenergizing.

“I enrolled in the Doctor of Education program because I wanted to push myself personally and as an educator,” said Mary Ellen Janeiro, an English language arts teacher at Andover Public Schools, who defended her thesis in 2015. “I was encouraged to be a voice for the underserved student.”

Karina Money, the founder of career and educational consulting firm Right Path New England, wanted to speak for a different underserved audience and decided to pursue her doctorate so she could build on her master’s degree.

“I wanted to be able to take what I was learning, put it into practice, and apply it to my career,” said Money, whose thesis focused on what colleges nationwide are doing to help veterans. “Now I have a textbook coming out to help student veterans.”

As alumni reminisced on their journey, Steven Smith, a first-year EdD student, has started looking ahead at what’s next in his career. “I want to be a college president,” Smith said. “I want to be in a position where I can make a difference to a large amount of people.”

And Smith is leveraging Northeastern’s Doctor of Education program to help him take that next step.

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What's the Difference Between a PhD and a Doctorate?

Ria Ghosh ,

Aug 16, 2024 | PhD

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PhD vs Doctorate degrees implies that students willing to pursue the career path of research and academics may pursue a PhD, and those who are looking for leadership and advanced roles may pursue a doctorate.

PhD vs Doctorate: The primary difference between a PhD and a Doctorate is that a PhD focuses on academic research while professional doctorate makes a significant and original contribution turning into a further professional practice.

A doctorate combines both coursework and a thesis of between 70,000 and 100,000 words. The PhD and Doctorate have academic requirements may be similar, but there are slight differences in career opportunities.

The difference between a PhD and a doctorate is that PhD programmes offer studies in a particular field with research aspects, providing opportunities in the academic field or any other field, including the government sector and doctorate programmes offer more advanced while a doctorate is a profession of leadership-focused and field-specified research, leading to even more progressive career paths.

Table of Contents

What is a PhD?

What is a doctorate, phd vs doctorate purpose, phd vs doctorate goals and outcomes, phd vs doctorate academic requirements/ eligibility, phd vs doctorate duration, phd vs doctorate completion requirements.

• PhD vs Doctorate Career Prospects 
• PhD vs Doctorate: What to choose?

Top 5 Universities Offering PhD Courses

The Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) is a university degree, which focuses on research, analysis, and theory. A PhD degree is earned in a specialized field of engineering, medicine, humanities, science, arts, management and so on. 

A student can earn multiple PhDs to expand their knowledge and expertise in multiple domains. The Doctor of Philosophy is an branch of the academic doctorate degree.  The PhD programs usually take at least 2 years of course work and 3-4 additional years of research and publication of the dissertation. The PhD programs in India 

Read more: PhD Full Form

The Doctorate degree is a graduate-level college degree for individuals aspiring to work in a more practical environment, like leadership and managerial positions. This degree is considered the terminal degree, as this is the final level of education a professional can achieve in their respective field. There are 2 types of doctorate degrees such as academic and professional. 

The professional doctorate is an applied doctorate with a specific profession, like medicine, surgery, and law. Here are some of the examples of the professional doctorate: 

• Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)
• Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS)
• Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD)
• Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (DPM)
• Doctor of Chiropractic (DC)
• Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM)
• Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine (ND)
• Juris Doctor (JD)

An academic doctorate is often referred as the following titles: 

• Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
• Doctor of Education (EdD)
• Doctor of Design (DDes)
• Doctor of Fine Arts (DFA)
• Doctor of Nursing Science (DNS)
• Doctor of Theology (ThD)

Read more: Top 5 PhD Fields After MBBS

Difference between PhD and Doctorate

Learning about a PhD or doctorate which is better, can be bewildering for students willing to pursue higher education. 

PhD vs Doctorate in terms of research implies that the former is a particular type that majorly focuses on contribution to academics and original research, whereas the latter focuses on a broader category and comprises advanced degrees.

The purpose of a PhD is to conduct in-depth research through data analysis and assess related theories and ideas. A PhD student aims to test out their theories to contribute information and data findings to a specific discipline or field of study.

On the other hand, the main purpose of a Doctorate is to transform students into working professionals by providing them with practical knowledge in their preferred field of study. For working professionals, this degree helps to emphasize their credibility, influence and leadership capabilities.

The goal of a PhD student is to analyze theories accurately and create philosophical concepts in their field of study. They have to evaluate relevant information from contemporary and innovative sources to use in their research work. Finally, they must contribute to their field of study through their own research by analyzing current research material for informational gaps.

The goal and outcome of the Doctorate degree is to be able to apply academic knowledge to real-life situations and environments. This can be done when a student achieves a firm understanding of how to use existing solutions or create innovative solutions to solve complex problems.

The academic requirements for a PhD or Doctorate degree are almost similar. Aspiring students must have a Master’s degree with at least 55% aggregate marks in the field that is relevant to PhDs, or to the Doctorate. In some cases, candidates might require an Master of Philosophy (M.PHil) or Master of Psychology degree. There is also a selection process conducted by many educational institutions, where students need to appear for an entrance exam and interviews. Candidates having relevant working experience were given priority.

The duration of a PhD degree depends on various factors. The total time to complete the study can depend on the status of a student as a full or part-time student, timely completion of research stages, willingness to take up summer courses, etc. Hence, it can be expected for a student to complete the degree maximum within eight years, or a minimum of three to six years.

The time it takes to get a doctorate can depend on the specific course of study. Candidates can finish the degree within four to seven years if they are done with the initial academic requirements. Whereas, some educational institutions allow their students up to 10 years to complete the doctorate degree.

A PhD student has to submit a dissertation paper, which involves preparing, drafting and orally defending the argument of the dissertation in front of a committee of academic professionals. To achieve the required results, they have to do an extensive amount of research and documentation of the findings, literature, materials, reviews and conclusions.

To complete a doctorate program, a student has to draft a proposal that identifies and solves a problem. Based on this, they design a method to conduct their research and develop the solution. Similar to the PhD program, students must conduct extensive research, collect data, and defend their proposal orally in front of a committee.

PhD vs Doctorate Career Prospects

A PhD graduate can work in primary roles related to academics and research and other industries as well, such as Government and Nonprofits, Analysts, etc. This is because they have high expertise and opportunities in various career fields, including academics and research.

On the other hand, a doctorate is involved in advanced practice roles, including leadership roles in the fields of business, education, law, and medicine. They are well-suited for these roles as they have specific industry-centric knowledge that leads to more leadership roles and opportunities in specified sectors.

Read more: Ph.D vs MBBS

PhD vs Doctorate: What to Choose?

Candidates must have questions like "PhD or doctorate which is better", "Choosing between PhD and Doctorate", etc. Hence, here are some pointers that will help candidates to make a well-informed decision regarding this.

• Career Goals: Candidates must closely analyze their career goals while making the decision. They must think thoroughly about whether they want a career in academic research or opportunities for working in a practical environment.
• Budget: Students must also determine the costs of pursuing the degree program. They must know that the doctorate program is generally more expensive. For this, they need to compare and analyse both programs and select the one that best suits their academic goals and budget.
• Academic Progress: Aspirants must also consider how far along they are in their academic journey to decide between a Ph.D. vs. a doctorate. They must opt for the one that helps them achieve their career goals in the least amount of time.
• Coursework: Candidates must do thorough research on the coursework of their desired program to understand if that fits their career and academic interests or not. They can do so by researching about the professors, lectures, course offerings, academic opportunities, etc.
• Time Commitments: Students must be aware of the fact that both PhD and Doctorate degrees   require an extensive amount of time for completion.

Read also: Ph.D Jobs, Scope, Salary in India

The top universities offering PhD courses are All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi Technological University, Ambedkar University Delhi, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, and IIT Delhi.

Some of the various PhD courses offered by the mentioned institutes are listed in the table below:

Also Read:  PhD Entrance Exam Syllabus

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Top phd [doctor of philosophy] colleges.

Chennai,Tamil Nadu

IISc Bangalore

Bangalore,Karnataka

Mumbai,Maharashtra

Delhi,Delhi NCR

Kanpur,Uttar Pradesh

IIT Kharagpur

Kharagpur,West Bengal

IIT Roorkee

Roorkee,Uttarakhand

IIT Guwahati

Guwahati,Assam

PhD Fee Structure

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Olympic Breakdancer Raygun Has PhD in Breakdancing?

Rachael gunn earned a zero in breakdancing at the paris 2024 olympic games., aleksandra wrona, published aug. 13, 2024.

About this rating

Gunn's Ph.D. thesis, titled "Deterritorializing Gender in Sydney's Breakdancing Scene: a B-girl's Experience of B-boying," did cover the topic of breakdancing. However ...

... Gunn earned her Ph.D. in cultural studies. Moreover, a "PhD in breakdancing" does not exist as an academic discipline.

On Aug. 10, 2024, a rumor spread on social media that Rachael Gunn (also known as "Raygun"), an Australian breakdancer who competed in the 2024 Paris Olympics, had a Ph.D. in breakdancing. "This australian breakdancer has a PhD in breakdancing and dance culture and was a ballroom dancer before taking up breaking. I don't even know what to say," one X post on the topic read .

"Australian Olympic breakdancer Rachael Gunn has a PhD in breakdancing and dance culture," one X user wrote , while another asked, "Who did we send? Raygun, a 36-year-old full-time lecturer at Sydney's Macquarie University, completed a PhD in breaking culture and is a lecturer in media, creative arts, literature and language," another X user wrote .

The claim also spread on other social media platforms, such as Reddit and Instagram . 

"Is she the best break dancer? No. But I have so much respect for going on an international stage to do something you love even if you're not very skilled at it," one Instagram user commented , adding that, "And, I'm pretty sure she's using this as a research endeavor and will be writing about all our reactions to her performance. Can't wait to read it!"

In short, Gunn's Ph.D. thesis, titled "Deterritorializing Gender in Sydney's Breakdancing Scene: A B-girl's Experience of B-boying," indeed focused on the topic of breakdancing. However, Gunn earned her Ph.D. in cultural studies, not in breakdancing. Furthermore, it's important to note that a "PhD in breakdancing" does not exist as an academic discipline. 

Since Gunn's research focused on the breakdancing community, but her degree is actually in the broader field of cultural studies, we have rated this claim as a "Mixture" of truths.

Gunn "secured Australia's first ever Olympic spot in the B-Girl competition at Paris 2024 by winning the QMS Oceania Championships in Sydney, NSW, Australia," the Olympics official website informed . 

Gunn earned a zero in breakdancing at the Paris 2024 Olympic Games and clips of her routine went viral on social media, with numerous users creating memes or mocking dancer's moves. "As well as criticising her attire, social media users mocked the Australian's routine as she bounced around on stage like a kangaroo and stood on her head at times," BBC article on the topic read . 

The website of the Macquarie University informed Gunn "is an interdisciplinary and practice-based researcher interested in the cultural politics of breaking" and holds a Ph.D. in cultural studies, as well as a bachelor of arts degree (Hons) in contemporary music: 

Rachael Gunn is an interdisciplinary and practice-based researcher interested in the cultural politics of breaking. She holds a PhD in Cultural Studies (2017) and a BA (Hons) in Contemporary Music (2009) from Macquarie University. Her work draws on cultural theory, dance studies, popular music studies, media, and ethnography. Rachael is a practising breaker and goes by the name of 'Raygun'. She was the Australian Breaking Association top ranked bgirl in 2020 and 2021, and represented Australia at the World Breaking Championships in Paris in 2021, in Seoul in 2022, and in Leuven (Belgium) in 2023. She won the Oceania Breaking Championships in 2023.

Gunn's biography further revealed that she is a member of the Macquarie University Performance and Expertise Reasearch Centre, and has a range of teaching experience at undergraduate and postgraduate levels "across the areas of media, creative industries, music, dance, cultural studies, and work-integrated learning." 

Moreover, it informed her research interests included, "Breaking, street dance, and hip-hop culture; youth cultures/scenes; constructions of the dancing body; politics of gender and gender performance; ethnography; the methodological dynamics between theory and practice."

Gunn earned her Ph.D. from the Department of Media, Music, Communications, and Cultural Studies within the Faculty of Arts at Macquarie University. Below, you can find the abstract of her paper, shared by the official website of Macquarie University:

This thesis critically interrogates how masculinist practices of breakdancing offers a site for the transgression of gendered norms. Drawing on my own experiences as a female within the male-dominated breakdancing scene in Sydney, first as a spectator, then as an active crew member, this thesis questions why so few female participants engage in this creative space, and how breakdancing might be the space to displace and deterritorialise gender. I use analytic autoetthnography and interviews with scene members in collaboration with theoretical frameworks offered by Deleuze and Guttari, Butler, Bourdieu and other feminist and post-structuralist philosophers, to critically examine how the capacities of bodies are constituted and shaped in Sydney's breakdancing scene, and to also locate the potentiality for moments of transgression. In other words, I conceptualize the breaking body as not a 'body' constituted through regulations and assumptions, but as an assemblage open to new rhizomatic connections. Breaking is a space that embraces difference, whereby the rituals of the dance not only augment its capacity to deterritorialize the body, but also facilitate new possibilities for performativities beyond the confines of dominant modes of thought and normative gender construction. Consequently, this thesis attempts to contribute to what I perceive as a significant gap in scholarship on hip-hop, breakdancing, and autoethnographic explorations of Deleuze-Guattarian theory.

In a response to online criticism of her Olympics performance, Gunn wrote on her Instagram profile: "Don't be afraid to be different, go out there and represent yourself, you never know where that's gonna take you":

We have recently investigated other 2024 Paris Olympics' -related rumors, such as:

• Lifeguards Are Present at Olympic Swimming Competitions?
• Hobby Lobby Pulled $50M in Ads from 2024 Paris Olympics?
• 2024 Paris Olympics Are 'Lowest-Rated' Games in Modern History?

Gunn, Rachael Louise. Deterritorializing Gender in Sydney's Breakdancing Scene: A B-Girl's Experience of B-Boying. 2022. Macquarie University, thesis. figshare.mq.edu.au, https://doi.org/10.25949/19433291.v1.

---. Deterritorializing Gender in Sydney's Breakdancing Scene: A B-Girl's Experience of B-Boying. 2022. Macquarie University, thesis. figshare.mq.edu.au, https://doi.org/10.25949/19433291.v1.

Ibrahim, Nur. "Lifeguards Are Present at Olympic Swimming Competitions?" Snopes, 8 Aug. 2024, https://www.snopes.com//fact-check/lifeguards-paris-olympics-swimming/.

"Olympic Breaking: Criticism of Viral Breakdancer Rachael Gunn - Raygun - Condemned by Australia Team." BBC Sport, 10 Aug. 2024, https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/articles/c2dgxp5n3rlo.

ORCID. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1069-4021. Accessed 12 Aug. 2024.

Paris 2024. https://olympics.com/en/paris-2024/athlete/-raygun_1940107. Accessed 12 Aug. 2024.

Saunders, Grant Leigh, and Rachael Gunn. "Australia." Global Hip Hop Studies, vol. 3, no. 1–2, Dec. 2023, pp. 23–32. Macquarie University, https://doi.org/10.1386/ghhs_00060_1.

Wazer, Caroline. "2024 Paris Olympics Are 'Lowest-Rated' Games in Modern History?" Snopes, 1 Aug. 2024, https://www.snopes.com//fact-check/paris-olympics-lowest-rated-games/.

---. "Hobby Lobby Pulled $50M in Ads from 2024 Paris Olympics?" Snopes, 8 Aug. 2024, https://www.snopes.com//fact-check/olympics-hobby-lobby-ads/.

By Aleksandra Wrona

Aleksandra Wrona is a reporting fellow for Snopes, based in the Warsaw, Poland, area.

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Become a Doctor In US 2024: Cost, Salaries and Universities

• Last Updated On October 11, 2023
• Published In Courses 📖 , Study in US 🇺🇸

Becoming a Doctor in US is a dream of many, but it’s also a journey that requires dedication, diligent work and a clear roadmap. Medicine is considered one of the highest-paying occupations in the US, according to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. 

Table of Content

The criteria for becoming a doctor may vary based on specialisation. You should complete a four-year undergraduate degree program, four years of medical school, and up to seven years of residency training. You can only obtain a medical license and start working after completing these requirements.

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From education to licensing and beyond, we’ll cover everything you need to know to embark on this rewarding path.

Why choose the US?

The US is an excellent destination if you are looking for a top-quality education and a culturally diverse environment. Its universities are known for their academic excellence, research opportunities, and a wide range of programs to cater to different interests and career goals.

The country’s commitment to innovation and technology ensures access to advanced facilities and resources, while numerous scholarship and financial aid opportunities make education more accessible. Moreover, graduates from US institutions are highly valued by employers worldwide, thanks to the prestige associated with a US degree. 

The US’s diverse landscapes and vibrant cities provide a dynamic, enriching lifestyle beyond the classroom. The US offers a well-rounded and globally recognised education, making it an attractive choice.

Steps to Become a Doctor in the US

Before you don the white coat, you must lay a strong foundation through education.

Becoming a Doctor in US is lengthy and requires extreme dedication and strong willpower. You can start preparing for medical school from the high school level by completing the Advanced Placement (AP) courses in biology, chemistry, physics, etc. 

It can meet your undergraduate coursework requirements later. You can also go for extracurricular activities such as volunteer work that can contribute to your extracurricular at the medical school.

The complete procedure of becoming a doctor in US, along with the top colleges and courses for securing a medical degree, are as given below:

1. Complete Your Undergraduate Degree

You must start with a bachelor’s degree, typically a four-year program. While there’s no specific major required, many pre-medical students choose majors in biology, chemistry, or related fields. 

It is essential that you complete the necessary prerequisite courses in subjects like biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics. Some schools specifically offer pre-med programs that include classes to prepare you to take the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT).

Top undergraduate courses to become a Doctor In the US

The top undergraduate courses and specialisations that one can opt for to become a Doctor In the US are:

• BA in Biology
• Medical Anthropology and Global Health
• Mechanisms of Disease
• BA in Health and Societies
• Global Health
• Disease and Culture
• Human Biology and Society
• Neuroscience
• Paramedicine

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2. pass the mcat examination.

You must pass the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) after college to practice medicine. It is a standardised test that admits students to medical schools. 

These 5 hours of computerised test, tests your verbal skills, critical thinking, biology, and physical science. Most medical schools, in their admission process, consider MCAT scores.

The requirements for Indian students to take the MCAT and apply to US universities are

• Clear English language proficiency tests like TOEFL or IELTS.
• Submit a Letter of Recommendation (LOR) and Statement of Purpose (SOP).
• Get a suitable Graduate Record Examination (GRE) score.

In addition to these test scores, medical school admissions committees look for well-rounded candidates. You must engage in extracurricular activities, volunteer work, and other experiences to showcase your commitment to healthcare and community.

3. Complete the 4 Years of Medical School

Medical education and training typically last four years, with the first two years devoted to laboratory work and book study to equip you with the skills to diagnose and treat various diseases and illnesses. During the second year of medical school, you are expected to take the first part of the US Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE Step 1), which tests your knowledge of basic medical principles.

In the remaining two years of medical school, you can gain practical experience through rotations at hospitals and clinics, working alongside experienced physicians. The second part of the USMLE licensing test is typically taken in the fourth year of medical school. It assesses your understanding of disease development and clinical diagnosis as you begin residency training. Some institutions also offer a combined six-year program consolidating academic and medical training.

You can also opt for a research-oriented medical institution or a medical school solely focusing on primary care. The two medical degree options available are:

• Medical Doctor, or MD degree
• Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine

Top postgraduate and doctorate degrees to become a Doctor In the US

For further studies in the field of medicine, you can opt for a postgraduate (Doctor of Medicine) program and doctorate courses in the specialised fields of their interest, such as:

Postgraduate Degrees

• Ophthalmology
• Paediatrics
• Gynaecology
• Medical Technology Quality
• Community Nutrition

Doctorate Degrees

• Public Health
• Dental Surgery
• Human Medicine
• Clinical Psychology

4. Find Residency Along With the Niche

In the US, doctors undergo a residency program under the guidance of a proficient and knowledgeable physician. The program duration ranges from 3 to 7 years, depending on their area of expertise.

For example, paediatricians complete their residency in three years, while urologists have residences of five years. You can submit your applications through the National Residency Matching Program (NRMP).

5. Pass Part 3 of USMLE and Finish Residency

Upon completing your residency, individuals must take the final part of the USMLE. This step is typically taken last, as you must obtain certification from the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG) before being eligible to take the USMLE Step 3. The exam evaluates your proficiency in handling clinical and patient management issues and your ability to practice medicine safely and effectively.

6. Opting for Fellowships or Continuing Education

After obtaining ECFMG certification, you can pursue a fellowship to specialise in a subspecialty related to your residency, which takes an additional year. This allows you to develop advanced clinical skills and become an expert. In the US, practising doctors must undergo continuing education to stay up-to-date with clinical knowledge and advancements in their area, even after being licensed.

7. Earn Board Certification

Once the medical school and the residency are completed, you have to select a specialisation from 24 American Board of Medical Specialties subjects and then appear in front of a board regarding the field. Some of those specialisations are:

• Forensic medicine
• Anaesthesia
• General medicine
• Pharmacology

8. Get a State License

To legally practice medicine, you must obtain medical licensure from the state after completing training and board certification. The requirements for obtaining a physician’s license vary depending on the state. However, passing all four tests of the US Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) is a crucial requirement for obtaining a license, which includes:

• Step 1: Multiple-choice exam to test basic clinical concepts and scenarios.
• Step 2: Clinical Knowledge Exams (2 separate exams)
• Step 3: Multiple-choice exam to test the ability to apply medical knowledge

Top Universities for Medical Degrees

US institutions have a well-known reputation for diversity, academic excellence, and research contributions. 

The combination of quality education, research opportunities, cultural diversity, and a lively campus atmosphere makes US universities a top choice for students seeking a top-tier education. 

The top universities that offer medical courses in the US, along with their average course fees, are:

Specialisations for Doctors in US

There are many opportunities for doctors to specialise in the medical field. The AMA lists over 200 special categories; over 140 specialities and subspecialties are recognised by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. 

You can find some examples of these specialities below:

• Internal Medicine : Internal Physicians are primary care physicians whose main focus is diagnosing and treating adult patients. They handle various medical conditions, ranging from simple illnesses to complicated diseases. As the initial point of contact for adults seeking medical care, they offer complete and long-term care.
• Paediatrics: Medical professionals specialising in the health of children, adolescents, and infants are known as paediatricians. They oversee the growth and progress of children, administer immunisations, and tackle a range of pediatric health issues. The contributions of paediatricians are vital in promoting the health and welfare of children.
• Surgery : Surgeons are specialists who perform surgical procedures to treat injuries and severe deformities. Their area of specialise in general surgery, orthopaedic surgery, cardiovascular or neurosurgery.
• Obstetrics and Gynecology : OB/GYNs focus on childbirth and women’s reproductive health. They deliver babies, provide prenatal care, and offer gynaecological care for women, which includes annual check-ups, contraception counselling and more.
• Dermatology : They specialise in diagnosing and treating skin, hair and nail disorders. They also address skin conditions, from common skin conditions like acne to skin cancer.
• Psychiatry: Psychiatrists specialise in the treatment and diagnosis of mental health disorders. They offer therapy, prescribe medications, and support individuals dealing with depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.
• Neurology : They diagnose and treat nervous system disorders, including spinal cord, brain and peripheral nerves. They also manage conditions such as multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, stroke and Alzheimer’s.
• Cardiology : They diagnose and treat cardiovascular conditions such as heart disease, hypertension and arrhythmias and perform cardiac catheterisation and angioplasty procedures.

These specialisations have a broad spectrum of healthcare, allowing you to choose fields that align with their interests and expertise while contributing to patients’ overall well-being.

Salary of a Doctor in US

A doctor’s salary in the US depends on location, specialisation, experience, etc. The highest-paid domain in doctorate is plastic surgery, cardiology or orthopaedic surgery. 

Also, Doctors in US are paid the most in Kentucky. Some of the top companies for physicians in the US include Aspen Medical, Centura Health, Groups Recover Together, Inc., and Envision Physician Services.

The annual median salary of a Doctor in US is INR 14,040,029 (approximately). 

Future opportunities for a Doctor in US

The US has a growing and ageing population, leading to increased healthcare needs. The constant demand for healthcare services ensures job stability for doctors in various specialities.

You can typically earn competitive salaries , depending on your specialisation and location. Some specialities, like surgeons and anesthesiologists, often command higher incomes.

The US healthcare system offers many options, from primary care to highly specialised fields like neurosurgery or radiology. This diversity allows you to choose a career path which aligns with your interests and skills.

Many US institutions are at the forefront of medical research, providing you with opportunities to engage in groundbreaking studies and clinical trials. This can enhance your career prospects and contribute to the advancements in healthcare.

You can also choose between various practice settings, healthcare administration, academic medicine, and hospital employment. You are given flexibility , which allows them to tailor their careers to their preferences.

There is a significant investment of time and resources in becoming a doctor, including medical school, residency and licensing exams. Becoming a Doctor in US offers substantial opportunities for doctors.

Wrapping Up

In conclusion, we learned more about becoming a Doctor in US . Being a Doctor in US is a path filled with dedication, hard work, and perseverance. US healthcare is known for its excellence and innovation, making it an attractive destination for doctors worldwide.

Specialisation, board certification, and state license flexibility provide numerous career avenues. The steps of becoming a Doctor in US are rigorous. However, they ensure that medical professionals are highly skilled and well-prepared.

Also Read: Salary of US Doctors in 2024 – Most Important Guide on Annual Salaries in America

Study in US for Indian Students in 2024: Fees, Accommodation & Best Jobs

Frequently Asked Questions

Q. how much do doctors earn in the us.

A. The average annual salary of a doctor in US is INR 14,040,029. A doctor’s salary in the US depends on various factors, including specialisations, experience, location and expertise.

Q. How many doctors are in the US?

A. In May 2023, the total number of professionally active Doctors in US amounted to 1,077,115 physicians. From a state perspective, California had the most doctors, followed by New York.

Q. What are doctors called in the US?

A. The American Medical Association uses the term physician to describe members of all specialities.

Q. Are there any Indian Doctors in US?

A. In a recent development, Indian medical graduates have been granted the opportunity to practice medicine in the US, Canada and Australia. This marks a significant milestone in the global recognition of Indian medical qualifications.

Q. Are doctors in demand in the US?

A. More than 83 million people in the US reside in areas that provide access to primary care physicians abundantly. According to data from AAMC, the US could see an estimated shortage of up to 124,00 doctors across all specialities by 2034.

Q. How are Indian Doctors in US?

A. As of 2020, there were about 938,980 active physicians in the US. Indian-origin physicians account for at least 8.5% of the total doctors population. India provides the most number of International Medical Graduates to the US.

Q. Is MBBS in the US valid in India?

A. Pursuing an MBBS in the US is valid in India. In the last few decades, many Indians have chosen to study medicine abroad for various reasons. One of the main reasons is the scarcity of medical seats in Government Medical Medical Colleges in India.

Q. Which is better, MBBS in US or India?

A. When it comes to pursuing further studies, the level of education, theoretically and practically, is always better in countries abroad, like the US. The recruitment is high for students with an MBBS in a foreign country.

Q. Is MBBS cheap in the US?

A. The tuition fees to study MBBS in the US range from 18,000 USD to 86,000 USD annually, which is INR 17 Lakhs to 55 Lakhs per year. The living costs in the US are around INR 99,000 to 2,07,000 annually.

Q. What is MBBS called in the US?

A. An MBBS equals an MD degree in the US, a professional degree you earn after completing your bachelor’s degree. If you have an MBBS, you do not need to make a traditional bachelor’s degree.

Q. At what age do you become a doctor in US?

A. The journey to become a doctor in US is full of hard work and deviation. However, it is all worth it once you don that white coat. The average age of a medical student is 24, which means they become licensed doctors in their mid to late 30s.

Q. Do doctors get paid during residency in the US?

A. Doctors get paid during residency, given the long hours and hard work. The salary will be less than what you get after finishing residency, but it is enough to cover your cost of living expenses.

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Choosing the Right Path in Advanced Healthcare Education: Master’s or Doctorate?

If you already have a master’s degree in your healthcare profession, should you continue on for a terminal degree? Understanding the distinctions between a Doctor of Health Science (DHSc) degree, a Master's degree, and a PhD is crucial for making an informed decision. As a graduate school focused exclusively in the health professions, we have the expertise to help you decide what degree might be best for your career and life goals.

Understanding the DHSc Degree

A Doctor of Health Science (DHSc) degree is designed for healthcare practitioners and leaders who aim to enhance their knowledge, assume leadership roles, and drive innovation in the healthcare industry. You also may want to obtain a doctoral degree before your professional organization (e.g., PA) mandates an entry-level doctorate, to compete with peers or peer professions in similar roles, or to prepare for entry into academia. The DHSc degree focuses on the practical application of theoretical knowledge, preparing graduates to address real-world challenges in healthcare settings.

Masters or Doctorate: Key Differences

Master's Degree in Healthcare

A Master's degree in healthcare, such as a Master of Public Health (MPH) or a Master of Health Administration (MHA), is typically pursued by those looking to gain specialized knowledge and skills in specific areas of healthcare. These programs usually take two years to complete and are designed to provide a deep dive into particular fields.

• Shorter Duration : Typically completed in 1-2 years.
• Specialized Knowledge: Focuses on specific areas like public health, administration, or clinical practice.
• Immediate Applicability : Often provides skills that can be directly applied to current job roles.
• Limited Scope : May not cover the broad range of topics necessary for high-level leadership roles.
• Career Advancement : While valuable, may not open as many doors for advancement as a doctorate.
• Professional Requirements : Your professional healthcare organization may require a doctoral level degree to practice in your field.

Doctorate in Health Science (DHSc)

A DHSc degree, on the other hand, is designed to prepare healthcare professionals for advanced leadership roles, research, and teaching positions. This program is ideal for those who wish to combine clinical expertise with leadership and research capabilities. The program is not a research doctorate program and does not involve a dissertation.  

• Comprehensive Curriculum : Covers a wide range of topics, including leadership, research, and clinical practice.
• Career Advancement : Opens up higher-level positions in clinical practice, administration, academia, and research.
• Leadership Focus : Emphasizes skills necessary for managing healthcare organizations and leading multidisciplinary teams.
• Higher Cost: More expensive than a master's degree.

DHSc Degree or PhD: Which is Right for You?

PhD in Health Sciences

A PhD in Health Sciences is a research-intensive degree aimed at those who wish to pursue a career in academia or advanced research. This degree focuses on creating new knowledge and contributing to the academic field through original research.

• Research Focus : Ideal for those interested in conducting original research and contributing to academic knowledge.
• Academic Careers: Prepares graduates for tenure-track positions and advanced research roles.
• Funding Opportunities : Often includes opportunities for research grants and fellowships.
• Lengthy Commitment : Typically takes 4-7 years to complete and often require in-person training or time away from one’s professional career to complete
• Narrow Focus : May not provide the practical skills needed for leadership roles in clinical or administrative settings.
• Limited Immediate Applicability : The research focus might not translate directly to practical applications in the healthcare industry.

DHSc Degree

In contrast, the DHSc degree is tailored for healthcare professionals who wish to integrate clinical practice with leadership and research. It balances theoretical knowledge with practical application, making it a versatile choice for those looking to advance their careers in various healthcare settings.

• Balanced Curriculum : Combines leadership, clinical practice, and research.
• Practical Application : Designed to address real-world healthcare challenges.
• Versatility : Prepares graduates for roles in advanced clinical practice, administration, clinical leadership, and education.
• Less Research-Intensive: While it includes research and quality improvement components, it is not as focused on original research as a PhD.

Deciding between a Master's, a DHSc degree, and a PhD in healthcare depends on your career goals, interests, and the type of impact you wish to make. The DHSc degree stands out for its balanced approach, combining leadership, clinical practice, and research, making it a versatile and practical choice for advancing your career.

The question of "masters vs. doctorate" and "is a PhD/doctorate worth it" ultimately comes down to your professional aspirations. If you are looking to enhance your clinical expertise while gaining leadership and research skills, the DHSc degree offers unique advantages. And with MGH Institute of Health Professions offering a top-tier DHSc program , you can be assured of receiving a high-quality education  founded on principles of interprofessional collaboration and practice in the delivery of healthcare and health professions education.

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A breaking hero emerges: Meet Australia's Raygun

An australian professor had some breaking moves, and people had thoughts., by nbc staff • published august 9, 2024 • updated on august 9, 2024 at 3:19 pm.

As Dr. Rachel Gunn, she's a 36-year-old lecturer at Macquarie University in Australia . She holds a PhD in cultural science. She researches and lectures on the cultural politics of breaking .

As Raygun, she's an Olympian breaker, competing for Australia.

Raygun lost all three of her matches, against B-Girls named Nicka, Syssy and Logistx. Yes, that sentence is accurate.

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But Raygun had some moves. And people had some thoughts.

What my nephew does after telling all of us to “watch this” pic.twitter.com/366LjIRl4j — Liz Charboneau (@lizchar) August 9, 2024

There has not been an Olympic performance this dominant since Usain Bolt’s 100m sprint at Beijing in 2008. Honestly, the moment Raygun broke out her Kangaroo move this competition was over! Give her the #breakdancing gold 🥇 pic.twitter.com/6q8qAft1BX — Trapper Haskins (@TrapperHaskins) August 9, 2024

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All I can think about when I see this is the hip hop dance teacher from Bob’s Burgers but if instead she was from Australia and was a 36 year old woman named Raygun https://t.co/nUwYVLnrms pic.twitter.com/Wl5FResHw7 — Shereef Sakr (@ShereefKeef) August 9, 2024

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when Raygun hit the kangaroo jawn I couldn't see the screen I was crying so hard pic.twitter.com/jcICfTu11d — Bradford Pearson (@BradfordPearson) August 9, 2024

I think I found the source of inspiration for the Raygun breakdance at the Olympics. https://t.co/t94Iyu1dPZ pic.twitter.com/a7DL9etwRz — Noodson (@noodson) August 9, 2024

Raygun was like pic.twitter.com/KvXVPVGScx — Charles J. Moore (@charles270) August 9, 2024

Raygun did THE SPRINKLER at this breakdance thing, this is the worst thing Australia has ever done. — Luis Paez-Pumar (@lppny) August 9, 2024

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‘Will this degree lead to a job?’ is the wrong question. Here’s what you should ask instead

Associate Head of School, School of Design, University of Technology Sydney

Disclosure statement

Cherine Fahd does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

University of Technology Sydney provides funding as a founding partner of The Conversation AU.

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It is the season of university open days and study decisions for Year 12 students.

As an academic, the question I get asked most by students and parents is, “will this degree lead to a job?”.

It is understandable. However, it isn’t necessarily the right question to ask as young people consider what course will suit them best.

Focusing solely on immediate job prospects (“degree equals job”) can limit the understanding of what university courses actually provide.

Read more: Uni is not just about lectures. When choosing a degree, ask what supports are available to you

What is a degree for?

A degree isn’t merely a gateway to employment, it’s the foundation for a life of professional and personal development.

Students often begin a university course with a specific career path in mind, only to discover new interests that lead them in unexpected directions.

For example, a student might start a design degree dreaming of becoming a fashion designer, only to find the demands of the industry clash with their introverted nature. Instead, they might discover a passion for sustainable textiles, a field requiring meticulous material research.

Their design degree didn’t lead to one end point, but gave them the opportunities to learn what they were really suited to, and the skills to pursue this.

Not about becoming an expert in one thing

University education is also not just about mastering a subject, it’s about acquiring transferable skills , such as problem solving, communication and the ability to work in diverse situations with diverse people.

It is also about developing critical thinking and the ability to assess evidence. These skills can then be applied to many ideas and issues.

In today’s unpredictable, technology-driven world, new jobs emerge quickly , while others fade away. A university degree should equip students with the adaptability to navigate these changes, rather than simply slotting into existing job categories.

So, instead of asking whether a degree will directly lead to a job, consider these following five questions.

1. What skills will I develop in this program?

Creative degrees, for example, encourage critical thinking, creativity, technical skills, and the ability to articulate and present ideas, skills that are highly valued across many fields.

An arts or health sciences degree may also encourage valuable critical thinking and research skills.

2. Are there opportunities for practical experience?

Look for courses that offer internships, industry projects and practical workshops. These experiences help students build professional networks and gain insights about what they really like (and don’t like) about different types of work.

3. Will the course expose me to diverse cultural contexts?

Consider programs that offer international exchange opportunities. These experiences can be transformative , broadening students’ cultural perspectives and enhancing their sensitivity and awareness to diverse cultural environments. They also cultivate maturity and independence by challenging students to navigate unfamiliar environments with their peers.

4. How does this course encourage resilience and lifelong learning?

Seek out courses that emphasise creativity , experimentation, independent thinking and teach in hands-on learning environments.

Such courses teach students to cope with change – a skill they will need in fast-evolving workplaces. It also prepare students for a lifetime of continuous learning , which is essential for sustained career growth and personal development.

5. What have recent graduates done with this degree?

Exploring the diverse paths of graduates can provide a realistic view of a degree’s possibilities.

On open days, seek out workshops and current students and staff. Ask about further study options – do students in a certain course often need (or want) to do postgraduate study?

And remember

Whatever students choose to study it’s important they do something they are truly interested in. Education can and should be enjoyable.

Read more: Unsure what to study next year? 6 things to consider as you make up your mind

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More From Forbes

Raygun, the australian breakdancer in the olympics: explained.

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Raygun competes during the Breaking B-Girls Round Robin Group B battle between Logistx and Raygun on ... [+] Day 14 of the Olympic Games Paris 2024 at La Concorde on August 9, 2024 in Paris, France. (Photo by Harry Langer/DeFodi Images via Getty Images)

Aussie breaker Rachael Gunn , known as B-girl Raygun, took the internet by storm after her brief but memorable time on stage at the Paris 2024 Olympics. In head-to-head battles against b-girls from the USA, France, and Lithuania, she pulled out some unique moves like kangaroo hopping and swimming on the ground.

Some netizens were less than impressed, posting messages like “There’s 27.7 million Australians in the world and that’s who they send to the Olympics for this inaugural event??? C’mon now!” Others expressed doubt about breaking’s inclusion in the Olympics.

While the memes are admittedly funny, there are two misconceptions about breaking and B-girl Raygun that are important to clear up.

Misconception No.1: “This Is What Olympic Breaking Looks Like”

The beauty of breaking lies in its freedom of self-expression. Among all the Olympic sports, breaking has perhaps the most opportunity for creativity. At the same time, there is a sky-high ceiling for physical and technical ability. Look at the performances of the medal winners Ami, Nicka , and 671—you’ll see more gravity-defying, dynamic sequences than you can throw a shoe at.

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On the other hand, there’s Raygun’s approach. She herself told reporters , “I was never going to beat these girls on what they do best, the dynamic and the power moves, so I wanted to move differently, be artistic and creative because how many chances do you get that in a lifetime to do that on an international stage.”

She came into the competition with a goal of making her own mark, and in a sense, she accomplished that.

Misconception No.2: “Raygun Should Not Have Qualified For The Olympics”

In the IOC’s own words , “the Olympic Games are the world’s most powerful symbol of unity in all our diversity.” The Olympics include diverse participants from almost every part of the world, which naturally leads to situations where certain athletes are outclassed by others. No country excels in every single sport, and in breaking’s case, Australia is simply not as competitive.

That doesn’t take anything away from the time and effort that it took Raygun to get to the Olympics. She secured a spot by winning the 2023 Oceania Breaking Championship , and she represented Australia at the 2021 and 2022 World Championships. Her style wasn’t enough to pass the group stage in Paris, but she is undoubtedly a qualified representative for her region. The 36-year-old has been breaking since her 20’s and is known as Dr. Gunn when she’s at her day job: lecturing on dance and gender politics at Macquarie University.

At the end of the day, it’s all about positivity:

“It was amazing. Such an amazing experience,” Gunn told Yahoo Sports after the event. “What a stage, what an arena, what a crowd. Music was great. Like, oh, so, so grateful for the opportunity.”

Breaking will take the Paris Olympics stage again on August 10 with the B-Boy (Men’s) event.

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