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Why a Doctorate in Business Administration Is Becoming More Valuable

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At the turn of the 20th century, the world was industrializing at a rapid pace. Businesses were growing larger and more complex, with more employees working in more diversified divisions spread across more geographical boundaries.

As a result, demand grew for people who had special training in managing the general operations of a business, which led to the creation and proliferation of the Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree.

More than 100 years later, MBAs have become a commodity that no longer serve organizations’ core needs.

In today’s age of data and information, knowledge has become the most valuable resource. Companies don’t necessarily need more general managers who can assess broad patterns across multiple industries—they need people with deep expertise in specific domains who can analyze data and generate unique insights that lead to better business decisions.

That’s why Doctorate in Business Administration (DBA) holders are becoming increasingly valuable in the modern workplace.

DBA is a professional degree representing the highest level of qualification in management. In contrast to an MBA, it takes students on a different path toward acquiring and using business knowledge.

For an MBA, students spend two years taking a broad range of practical courses to learn about several pillars of business—such as accounting, finance, marketing, leadership, operations, strategy, and ethics—to help them become effective leaders across many industries.

By contrast, DBAs spend up to two years studying academic literature across several domains and up to two additional years designing and executing an original research project: a dissertation focused on one domain. The primary goal of a DBA is to produce scholarly individuals who have deep expertise in a field of management.

When seeking executive-level positions, DBAs’ “Dr.” titles are likely to help them stand out from their peers. DBAs can also pursue high-level positions in areas such as consulting by becoming subject-matter experts—or maintain ties with academia as full-time or adjunct professors.

DBAs’ training gives them diverse career options. The academic literature they read gives them expertise in understanding management theories that can help them analyze real-world situations and differentiate the signal from the noise. A DBA specializing in innovation can assess whether newcomers to a market pose a credible threat as a disruptive innovation to an existing company.

Students then learn advanced scientific techniques in quantitative and/or qualitative methodologies, which trains them in analyzing data to generate valid inferences that their organizations can use for decision-making purposes. Rather than relying on gut feel and graphs, DBAs can use powerful techniques such as sampling data to reduce bias, using statistical regressions to identify the strongest factors that influence an outcome, or designing an experiment to gain 100% certainty over the causal relationship between variables.

Finally, DBAs combine their business knowledge with analytical skills to design and execute original research studies, making them the world’s leading experts in particular domains.

DBAs also stand out because they represent only 2% of all people who hold higher degrees in business. In 2021, more than 250,000 students graduated with MBAs or specialist degrees in business; only 5,000 graduated with doctorates.

While a DBA may represent an attractive option that can be highly valuable to organizations today, they are not necessarily recommended for everyone.

To help you determine whether a DBA is right for you, the most important question to ask yourself centers on whether you’re satisfied with the tools and frameworks you use to analyze data and information to make important business decisions. If you’ve ever found yourself wondering where these frameworks come from—or whether there might be a better way to make decisions—consider applying to a DBA program. These programs are designed to channel deep intellectual interests and passions toward producing business knowledge that’s both theoretically novel and practically relevant.

DBA training may help you develop deeper knowledge than an MBA program will while opening doors to more ambitious careers in industry or academia. While MBA degrees are designed to meet the needs of 20th-century businesses, DBAs can help meet the needs of organizations today—and well into the future.

Learn more about how earning a DBA can help you step up your career.

Earning A Doctor Of Business Administration: What To Know Before You Enroll

Updated: Feb 16, 2023, 7:08am

Successful business executives are defined by their ability to solve pressing, real-world issues with accurate data and precise strategy. If you’re a business professional looking to enhance your career, a doctor of business administration (DBA) can offer a robust intellectual framework for navigating industry trends and organizational management.

Geared toward business leaders of the future, a DBA is a terminal business administration degree that offers immersive training in business analytics and applied research methods. The following guide outlines the details of doctoral programs in business administration and potential career pathways for graduates.

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What Does a Doctor of Business Administration Entail?

A DBA is a doctoral degree catered to business professionals with management experience and a master’s degree. DBA programs are research-oriented and train students to use critical, analytical methods to explore questions and develop solutions in their respective organizations and the field at large.

Some DBA programs are offered exclusively online. Others require in-person attendance through recurring weekend residencies. Most programs begin in the fall, but you should check in with your prospective school to see if it offers rolling admissions and enrollment. DBA degrees tend to be flexible and accommodate the schedules of students with full-time jobs.

Is a DBA the Same as a Ph.D. in Business Administration?

A DBA is different from a Ph.D. in business administration, and many institutions offer both degrees.

Both of these degrees require students to produce original research. DBA programs usually run part time and bolster working professionals’ methodological skills and problem-solving capacities.

A Ph.D. in business administration is a full-time, research-intensive degree geared toward students seeking academic careers—often in teaching or scholarship—or non-academic roles that require expertise in research techniques.

Doctorate of Business Administration Admission Requirements

The admissions process for a DBA program is relatively standard, though precise requirements may vary among programs. To qualify for a DBA or Ph.D. program, prospective students should hold a master’s degree and prepare to submit the following:

• Application fee
• Transcripts
• Letters of recommendation
• Statement of purpose
• Additional essay prompt(s)

Applicants may have to complete admissions interviews, as well. Note that standardized tests like the GMAT or GRE are more commonly required for Ph.D. programs than DBA programs.

Courses in a Doctor of Business Administration Program

Most DBA programs entail about 60 credits, covering core class requirements, research methods credits and development classes for a research project. Depending on the program’s instruction format, classes can be offered in person or online via asynchronous or synchronous modalities.

A Ph.D. also requires about 60 credits beyond the master’s level. Ph.D. students must typically declare a concentration in an area such as accounting, finance, organizational behavior or international business. This focus area determines a Ph.D. student’s course trajectory. Given the interactive and collaborative nature of this research degree, Ph.D. students should expect to complete a residency as part of their program.

Note that in addition to credit requirements, DBA and Ph.D. programs typically require dissertations and comprehensive exam(s) in students’ selected topics. Most students complete DBA requirements in three years. The Ph.D. option takes about five years to complete. That said, completion times vary considerably among doctoral programs.

Core courses in a business administration doctoral program might include the following.

Financial Reporting

A course in financial reporting may cover the basics of financial accounting and forecasting. Students learn to use accounting analytics tools and discuss the value and perceived impact of reporting for a business.

Accounting and Multinational Enterprises

This course explores international accounting through a multinational, cultural lens. Studying content related to foreign transactions, taxation and financial statements, students review an array of accounting standards in an increasingly globalized world.

Sociology of Corporate Culture

This course explores sociological research on family dynamics, societal customs and contemporary consumerism patterns in the marketplace. Coursework covers ethnography and other social scientific methods to inspect an organization’s hierarchies, networks and cultural norms.

Managing, Organizing and Negotiating for Value

Negotiation is a central topic in this course. Relying on both theory and practical tactics, students come to understand the value of negotiation in individual, multiparty and even international scenarios.

Careers for a Doctorate of Business Administration

Your career options depend in part on which type of doctorate you pursue. DBA graduates are generally equipped for leadership and executive-level positions. For Ph.D. graduates, roles in academia are common, as are non-academic jobs that require specialized research training.

The following roles may suit candidates with a doctorate in business administration.

Management Analyst

Median Annual Salary: $95,290 Projected Growth Rate (2022–2032): +10% Job Description: Management analysts review organizational workflows and make recommendations to streamline business operations. These professionals advise managers by discussing business solutions that drive greater profits and various ways to cut costs.

Market Research Analyst

Median Annual Salary: $68,230 Projected Growth Rate (2022–2032): +13% Job Description : Market research analysts assess and review current market trends to predict the potential profits of various products. These professionals collect and analyze data, including quantitative measures of demographics and qualitative consumer feedback, via interviews and focus groups.

Median Annual Salary: $80,840 Projected Growth Rate (2022–2032): +8% Job Description: Professors design coursework for college and university students. They typically focus on a particular subject matter, industry or discipline, such as economics or marketing. Professors may also have industry experience outside academia that informs their teaching. Learn more with our guide on how to become a professor .

Median Annual Salary: $113,940 Projected Growth Rate (2022–2032): +6% Job Description: Relying on data and macro-level market trends, economists analyze issues related to supplies, goods and services. Economists specialize in quantitative analysis and may collect their own data. They can also rely on secondary data to study large-scale market patterns. Research partnerships with external organizations, government agencies and think tanks are common in this role.

Chief Executives

Median Annual Salary: $189,520 Projected Growth Rate (2022–2032): -8% Job Description: Executive-level positions entail developing big-picture policies that help businesses remain profitable. C-level leaders in larger organizations are often involved in strategy and goal-setting. In smaller organizations, executives may also contribute to the hiring process and day-to-day logistics.

Frequently Asked Questions About Business Administration (FAQs)

Is a doctor of business administration the same as a ph.d..

No. A doctor of business administration (DBA) is a degree tailored to the needs of full-time business executives. A Ph.D. program is designed for individuals seeking careers as researchers and professors in academia.

Is a DBA better than an MBA?

Not necessarily. A DBA is a top-level business degree that builds on MBA degree coursework and applied experiences in the workplace. DBA programs are usually intended to be the next step for MBA students.

Can I earn a DBA without an MBA?

Yes. Most doctorate programs require a master’s degree but not necessarily an MBA. Students with an MBA, however, are prepared for the training and expertise that comes at the doctorate level.

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Ian (he/him) is a contributing writer and a communications professional. He holds a master’s degree in sociology, and currently, he a is a doctoral candidate completing his dissertation.

Is a Ph.D. in Business Worth It?

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A super common question… Is obtaining a Ph.D. in Business worth the time, effort, and money? In this article, we dive into all of the aspects of taking your business education a giant step further.

More college graduates are deciding to pursue a degree in the master’s, professional, or doctorate level of studies in their fields of discipline. Since 2000, the number of adults aged 25 and higher whose highest educational attainment was a master’s degree has doubled to 21 million. The number of doctoral degree holders has also grown to 4.5 million.

Given the rising development, it provides you with an assurance that completing a Ph.D. in Business is a worthy investment, especially in a competitive job market.

For many students, the decision to pursue a Ph.D. in Business studies is a tough one to make. Many aren’t sure if getting a Ph.D. in Business is even worth it. On the one hand, you are a passionate learner of the subject, and you want to deepen your knowledge as an independent researcher.

On the other hand, some factors can’t be ignored, such as completion time, low compensation, or even mundane career prospects.

In this article, we highlight all the essential information you will need to decide if getting a Ph.D. in Business is worth all the time and effort.

Also, see FAST, ACCREDITED Online Schools for Ph.D. DEGREES

Rising Number of Doctorate Degree Holders

Prospective students pursuing a Ph.D. program in a business-related field are generally highly determined to become an expert in their chosen specialization.

The doctorate program in Business offers you a clear and well-funded pathway to pose a question, perform research, discover something new, and publish your work with your name.

As a result, it proves that you have sufficient understanding and contribution to the subject. It is also a common way to get prepared for an academic career – either teaching at an advanced educational level or as a full-time researcher.

Workforce for Universities

Prospective Ph.D. in Business students are often involved in attending, grading, and teaching to the undergraduate student community at a lesser cost compared to an entry-level full-time professor.

As such, colleges and universities actively encourage a large Ph.D. population, advocate their research works, and earn more grants for the educational system while reducing the need to hire full-time teaching positions.

With the undergraduate student population bringing in immense tuition annually, having low-cost disposable teaching support develops an excellent ROI (Return on Investment) for institutions of higher learning.

Increasing Trend in Research Funding

For several years, funding hasn’t been that much for applied and basic research at colleges and universities. With the increasing budget in recent years, more doctorate candidates provide a consistently motivated workforce to keep research progressing forward, thus advocating even more research investments.

Research funding isn’t only supported by federal agencies but also by private sectors and industries investing in basic and applied research work toward technological innovations.

With enough funding, graduate students in business can find the right infrastructure to specialize in improving their skills and knowledge as a researcher.

Graduate School for Bridging Gap Arrangements

When the global economy takes a significant hit due to recession, admission to colleges and universities increases . The idea is that if career opportunities are low, candidates would prefer to boost their worthiness by completing a higher degree until the economic chaos settles.

The length of time it takes to obtain a Ph.D. generally outpaces the duration taken for any stagnant economy to recover, as proven by historical standards. This is the reason why during the 2008 and 2009 global recession, the number of prospective graduate students grew from 2.4 million to 2.7 million (approximately 12%).

Even in the absence of an economic disaster, enrolling in graduate schools is a common way of deferring a career search or escaping unemployed status.

All About Ph.D. in Business Program

Now that we’ve discussed the general factors that might initially convince you that a Ph.D. in Business is a worthy investment, in this section, we will describe the doctorate programs in various business-related fields.

Here are some quick facts about the Ph.D. in Business program to prepare you for what you’ll need to comply with to complete your doctorate program:

• Credits Required to Graduate – 90
• Number of Specialization Courses – 5
• Number of Core Courses – 8
• Number of Elective Courses – 5
• Number of Research and Dissertation Credits Required to Graduate – 36
• Hours in Subject Per Week – 9

Ph.D. In Business Programs: Prerequisites and Requirements

Prospective students are required to complete a bachelor’s degree in a relevant business-related field or discipline together with satisfactory GRE or GMAT test scores to be enrolled in a specific Ph.D. in Business program. Doctoral business courses are research-intensive.

General coursework includes mathematics and business, as well as elective courses that depend on the student’s chosen concentration.

The coursework is completed during the first two years of the doctorate program. Afterward, they generally spend two years teaching undergraduate courses and performing research work. As a culminating requirement, writing and completing the dissertation can be accomplished in one to three years more. Sample coursework includes:

• Business Research Methods
• Financial Markets
• Microeconomics and Macroeconomics
• Mathematical Statistics

What a Ph.D. in Business Program Entails

Doctorate programs in a business-related field prepare you to perform highly specialized scholarly research work. The majority of graduates with a business doctoral program start their careers as consultants or leaders in the business or government sectors, as junior or senior researchers in a college or university, or as professors.

Ph.D. in Business programs are generally research-centric with an emphasis on the development of new theories or concepts in economics, management, and other related disciplines. Specialized areas of research and study include:

• Healthcare Management
• Human Resource
• Information Systems
• Leadership and Organizational Studies
• Operations Management
• Organizational Systems
• Supply Chain Management

Prospective graduates work closely with a faculty adviser who is a recognized practitioner or scholar in the related field. Graduate students and faculty mentors collaborate on research works and meet regularly to develop the students’ dissertation theories or concepts and research.

Also, they can even co-author papers for publication. The dissertation is the concluding product of a Ph.D. in Business program, and it is typically supplemented by a comprehensive exam or a series of examinations.

Most colleges and universities require graduate students to earn teaching experience to complete their business doctorate program. They often work as teaching assistants for their faculty advisor to accomplish this requirement.

Also, they can pursue additional teaching assignments through their college or university.

Employment Outlook and Salary Information for Ph.D. in Business Graduates

Completing a Ph.D. in Business will provide you with the expertise and skills for an academic profession in any business-related field, as well as scholarly research at the collegiate level. You will also acquire advanced business management knowledge that can be applied to the private industries and sectors.

A Ph.D. in Business emphasizes creating new concepts in consulting, economics, finance, public administration, business management, and related fields.

If you’re pursuing a Ph.D. in business, it will require a lot of effort and time. It is a full-time commitment that requires four to five years to complete the program. That said, it is essential to research what your potential wage could be with this doctorate program.

Additional Resource: FASTEST Online Doctorate (Ph.D.) Programs in BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

Ph.D. in Business Graduates: Working in the Public or Private Sector

Earning a doctorate program in a business-related field will result in a higher wage. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports obtaining a master’s program can provide you with an average $12,000 pay increase over an undergraduate program. In some instances, obtaining a Ph.D. in Business will yield a premium rate over a master’s program.

For instance, some reports indicate obtaining a master’s program in business will result in a median lifetime salary of $3.2 million while completing a doctorate program raises it to $3.5 million. Given this, we can generally conclude that earning a doctorate program will provide you with a higher income.

The primary factor for a wage increase is your employer being in the private or public sector.

Most professionals with a Ph.D. in Business work in the educational or public sector, and some are employed in private companies. Here is a general overview of the annual mean salary obtained from a variety of business-related careers in private industries:

• Business Postsecondary Teacher : $108,060 per year
• Distribution Manager : $108,910 per year
• Financial Manager : $139,790 per year
• Market Research Analyst : $78,880 per year
• Marketing Manager : $158,280 per year
• Sales Manager : $150,530 per year

Ph.D. in Business Graduates: Geographic Location

If you are a graduate of a Ph.D. in Business program, you will obtain a higher wage in some parts of the country than in others. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics , the national median annual salary for this sector is $131,200; however, your wage can be higher or lower depending upon which state you reside:

States With The Highest Employment Level:

California – $155,120 per year Texas – $119,540 per year New York – $170,150 per year Florida – $121,170 per year Illinois – $128,340 per year

States With The Highest Concentration of Jobs:

District of Columbia – $163,960 per year Massachusetts – $152,970 per year Illinois – $128,340 per year Connecticut – $144,560 per year Maryland- $130,690 per year

Top-Paying States:

New Jersey – $170,260 per year New York – $ 170,150 per year District of Columbia – $163,960 per year Delaware – $157,600 per year California – $155,120 per year

Ph.D. in Business Graduates: Job Titles

Another influential factor in what your wage can be with a Ph.D. in Business program is the job title. Depending on whether you land a career in a private company or academia, your wage can differ significantly.

Here is a quick sampling of the job titles and wages that people with this specific doctorate have:

• Chief Executive : $246,440 per year
• Computer and Information Systems Manager : $173,670 per year
• Legislator : $71,100 per year
• Public Relations and Fundraising Manager : $150,030 per year
• Human Resources Manager : $145,570 per year
• Medical and Health Services Manager : $127,980 per year
• Emergency Management Director : $88,890 per year
• Food Service Manager : $67,130 per year
• Financial Manager : $166,050 per year

Here is one significant aspect: your wage with a Ph.D. degree in Business will also be influenced by the concentration you choose. Numerous Ph.D. in Business programs provide you with concentrations that may have higher wages than others, such as operations management, accounting, entrepreneurship, finance, general management, and information systems.

This section offers some insights into what your wage could be with a Ph.D. in Business. Numerous career pathways you can pursue will affect your earning potential. Once you have identified what you want to do with your doctorate program, you can obtain a better idea of the wage potential.

With the information provided, the primary question – “ Is a Ph.D. in Business worth it? ” entirely depends upon which path you’ll take when it comes to your return on investment.

Ph.D. in Business Completion Rates

Ph.D. in Business programs presents a distinct profile. Not all doctorate candidates will complete – nor should they. Depending on their preferences, they fall into three categories:

1. Those who complete their doctorate studies.

Fairly self-explanatory.

2. Those who can finish but decide not to.

Some students may pursue alternative academic professions, while others may try to venture into becoming entrepreneurs. In these modern times, some people who initially desire to become part of academia may divert to other courses in life.

3. Those who can’t complete their doctorate programs.

Perhaps they lack the motivation and mindset to work on their own. Unless an excellent admissions team intervenes, some students become unable to fulfill the demands of the program and decide to quit.

Each college and university generally provides Doctoral Program Statistics on their official websites. It is one of the methods where prospective students can assess whether a doctorate program in business is worth their time, effort, and money.

For instance, the Cornell University Graduate School has a one-stop-shop with comprehensive information about the statistics of doctorate programs . In 2019, the doctorate in the management program’s admission and the yield rates were 4% and 77%, respectively.

In terms of program retention, the completion rate for the 2011 to 2015 academic years was 60%, while only 19% withdrew from the program.

Some 80% completed the program, while only 20% withdrew during the academic year 2006 to 2010. For 2024, there is a 100% in-progress rate for students who are completing their management doctorate program.

Top 10 Reasons To Pursue a Ph.D. in Business Program

If you still think a Ph.D. in Business is just an additional burden, here are more reasons why it is one of the noteworthy investments you can pursue, as well as meeting your personal and professional aspirations.

1. Opportunity to Teach in an Academia

Graduate students have the chance to teach undergraduate courses or assist professors with their teaching obligations, and some people find teaching a rewarding profession.

Business-related studies can be exciting and fun, but some individuals would want to slow down in their profession after a few years, especially if they want to pursue other ventures or want to start a family.

If you are currently in this state, earning a Ph.D. and some teaching opportunities is a good stepping stone into academia. Deadlines are generally more relaxed, and the work is still fulfilling and exciting.

2. Meet Inspirational People

The business industry is full of successful personalities who have inspiring and exciting stories to tell and provide you with the motivation and drive to succeed.

Although some individuals are fortunate enough to land a career working with someone they admire, for the majority of people, finding a job means working full-time in one place or one set of responsibilities.

On the contrary, academia is more flexible. Generally, it provides you with the opportunity to attend workshops, events, and lectures from prominent personalities or meet someone that you consider a role model at trade shows and conferences.

The majority of individuals are more likely to respond when someone reaches out to them in academic competence and generally share their knowledge in this setting.

3. Explore Your Passion

Majoring in Business opens up numerous career prospects after your graduation. Some people venture into this industry because they aren’t sure yet what they want to specialize in life. With a Ph.D. in Business, there are several opportunities to choose from.

A graduate program offers you more time to explore and discover your passion while still investing in something that will become a massive advantage to your professional life.

4. Have the Confidence to Become Successful

Self-confidence is essential in every aspect of your life, but when it comes to business ventures, it is your key to success. There are several strategies and ways to improve self-confidence, but confidence that results from entirely knowing your subject is challenging to fake.

Business partners, clients, investors, and interviewers appreciate dealing with a person who thoroughly knows their craft and subject inside and out, as well as comfortable talking and answering questions satisfactorily.

Being aware of what it takes to complete a Ph.D. in Business provides you with enough confidence to show you how you portray yourself on your resume.

5. Progress in Your Career

It takes several months or years to progress in your career. The majority of people spend the beginning stages of their profession exploring their footing in the business setting and getting used to how things work.

Your new experience from a business school indicates that you will have the capacity to succeed quickly and will also open opportunities for climbing the corporate ladder within your organization.

6. Improve Earning Potential

In terms of profitability, education is directly proportional to potential income. Numerous businesses and organizations automatically pay higher wages to someone with post-baccalaureate degrees.

Even companies that generally don’t may be willing to negotiate a higher starting wage for a candidate with extensive credentials, and you may be confident enough to ask for a higher range.

7. Specialize in a Field

If you are interested in non-profit management, supply chain management, business ethics, corporate social responsibility, or other business-related industries, a Ph.D. in Business is your key to being proficient in these areas!

8. Develop More Skills

Becoming proficient and competent is more than just a few courses you take in your undergraduate program; it takes a lot of perseverance and practice.

A Ph.D. in Business will provide you with the opportunity and time to develop your skills and expertise in a setting where you have open access to industry experts and high-quality learning resources and tools.

9. Enjoy Networking Opportunities

In the business world, having comprehensive coverage of contacts and a good knowledge of the business industry will provide you with a more significant advantage.

The people you study with will soon become your competitors and colleagues in the future. With that, academic workshops, events, conferences, and symposiums offer excellent opportunities to meet and collaborate with new people and eventually expand your network.

10. Stand Out From the Competition

In today’s modern economy, most career prospects in business and management require some form of business studies. As a result, most job seekers already have a business diploma, certificate, or degree.

Several colleges and universities provide you with accelerated MBA programs, whether traditional or online learning. With a Ph.D. in Business, it is a rare commodity. It provides you with a better advantage and makes you stand out from the rest. Also, it highlights that you are serious about your profession.

Related Links:

• Best Online Schools for Doctorate in BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
• Best Online Schools for Doctors in ACCOUNTING Degree Programs

Rowan Jones Chief Editor

• Jul 22, 2022
• 11 min read

Is a PhD Worth It? The Pros and Cons of Getting a Doctorate

To get a PhD or not to get a PhD? That is the question.

Valerie David

Lifestyle and Career Expert

Reviewed by Hayley Ramsey

Entering the job market for the first time can be a stressful experience, especially if you don't feel completely prepared. When deciding how to take those first steps toward your ultimate career , and how to give yourself a chance at the best jobs, you may find yourself asking: “Should I do a PhD?”.

While academics looking forward to a life of learning may consider this a no-brainer, there are important factors for everyone to consider. Finances, job prospects and quality of life issues can greatly affect the success of furthering your education.

To help you decide if the time and effort of a PhD is worth it, here are the major benefits and disadvantages of getting that doctorate.

After four or more years of intellectual pursuits, adding a PhD may seem like overkill. Before you make your choice, let's look at all the benefits that are exclusive to earning the most advanced degree.

1. You can contribute new knowledge to the world

Embarking on a PhD programme means delving into your preferred subject in a much deeper way than you have in any of your previous studies. The beauty of this advanced degree is that it allows you to sail in uncharted waters. Your goal is to find new information, draw new conclusions and, hopefully, make a significant contribution to your field.

Your intensive research, travel, collaboration and study will lead you on an unpredictable path to telling a story that no one has heard before. For some students, this pursuit of knowledge and discovery is enough to make all the hard work of earning a PhD worth it.

2. You'll have access to more prestigious jobs

One of the key benefits of a PhD is that it opens doors to careers at the highest levels. This can include leadership positions in science and engineering, government roles in economics and political science, and prestigious teaching posts for English and arts majors. Even if an advanced degree isn't required for the job you want, that PhD can give you an extra air of authority in your field and an edge over other candidates.

Another obvious upside to continuing your postgraduate studies is that landing these powerful positions can lead to large financial rewards. Some areas of study, like medicine and the law, tend to be more lucrative, but it can also depend on the type of job. For example, a university professor or researcher post can pay well for a wide variety of disciplines. Check out sites like the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the National Careers Service to investigate potential salaries.

3. Employers look for candidates with your superior writing skills

A study arranged by the National Commission on Writing discovered that blue-chip businesses (long-standing companies with stable stock growth) are spending more than $3 billion a year on remedial writing course for current employees. This includes staff with undergraduate degrees.

So, when a hiring manager peruses your résumé and sees that you've earned a PhD, they'll know immediately that you've spent years honing your skills at compiling research, organizing mountains of data and writing about your results in a cohesive and persuasive way. This will clearly set you apart from your competition, while landing your dream job will prove that pursuing that advanced degree was worth it.

4. You'll improve on all your soft skills

While pursuing your undergraduate degree, you likely noticed that you were learning more than just the subject matter taught in each class. Completing your studies also required time management skills , focus and problem solving .

Getting a doctorate degree requires even more of the soft skills that employers look for in applicants . Your intensive study and finished thesis should lead to improvements in your problem solving, critical thinking , patience and adaptability . These desirable skills won't just help you land a job but also excel in whatever career you choose to pursue .

5. You'll collect an extensive network of professional colleagues

When weighing the pros and cons of earning a PhD, consider all the professional contacts you'll make during the course of your studies. Working closely with professors, department heads, experts in your field, as well as fellow researchers, helps you develop an important resource. This network of colleagues can provide continual assistance with references, job leads, career advice and collaboration.

6. You can wait for a more favorable job market

Job prospects may not look that promising when you've completed your undergraduate degree, or even after you've been in the workforce for a few years. While there's no guarantee things will improve after a delay, some students may appreciate the benefit of a steady graduate assistant salary while they work on enhancing their résumé with a doctorate.

If you couldn't get a good internship during or after your undergrad studies, the PhD work also gives you the time to build that professional network . These contacts could prove to be the key to breaking into a specialized or highly competitive field.

You may still be thinking about all that time and commitment and wondering, “Is a PhD worth it?”. While there are always positive results from improving your education, there are some downsides to getting your doctorate.

1. It's expensive

This is a substantial factor for many students when weighing the merits of pursuing a PhD versus entering the job market right away. If you already have student loans , continuing your education will just increase your burden and add substantial pressure when you eventually begin your job search.

If cost is a concern, investigate graduate assistant jobs that help with expenses. Some programmes offer tuition assistance in return for teaching or research work. For those who already work full time and are hoping a PhD will help them advance in their career, consider keeping that job and pursuing your studies on a part-time basis.

2. Getting a PhD can be a lonely experience

Despite your interactions with professors and other students, pursuing a doctoral degree is ultimately a solitary pursuit. Your thesis topic is unique to you, and you'll spend a lot of time alone doing research and writing. Your social life can suffer, especially if you're also working in addition to your studies.

Career experts often talk about the necessity of work-life balance for physical and mental health, and this is just as important for PhD students as anyone else. It may take you a little longer to complete your degree, but it's worth taking the time to visit family and hang out with your friends. These positive interactions can help you stay motivated through the most tedious parts of your work.

3. You'll experience extreme stress and frustration

Pursuing a PhD may seem like a noble and interesting endeavor, and extended life as a student can appear more attractive than wading into the job market. You must be aware, however, that getting a doctorate can be a very stressful and frustrating experience.

A topic that seemed intriguing at first may not live up to years of scrutiny, causing boredom at best or requiring a complete thesis change at worst. Not all programmes are well-run, either, and you may have a supervisor who is too critical, offers poor advice or is just unavailable and unhelpful.

The difficulties of a PhD programme lead to rather substantial dropout rates. In the US alone, only 57% of PhD students obtained their degree within a decade of enrolling. If you want to be in the successful half of those stats, take extra time to review your choice of supervisor and topic focus. Ask every professor you have for advice on making the right decisions and talk with current graduate students to see what their experience has been.

4. There may be limited job openings

While getting a PhD can qualify you for better and higher-paying jobs , it can also put you in a position where you're competing for an extremely limited number of job openings. This is especially true of university jobs, where the number of advanced degree graduates far outpaces the need for full-time instructors, researchers and administrators.

Earning your PhD with a very obscure thesis in a niche speciality can also limit your options. When there are only a handful of jobs that suit your expertise, and they're already occupied, it can make you feel that your doctorate was a waste of time. Consider the job market before you make decisions about getting another degree. If you're determined to study in a niche area, think ahead of time about related fields or industries where your knowledge and skills will also prove useful to employers.

5. There may be little to no financial reward

While most studies concur that having a PhD increases your income potential substantially over the lifetime of your career, it's not a guarantee of job security or a financial windfall. A study by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) found that 5 years after earning their doctorates , 45% of grads in Germany were still on temporary contracts and 13% ended up in lowly occupations.

Other European countries, including Slovakia, Belgium and Spain, had similar results. In the US, in fields like engineering, the difference in pay scales between employees with a master's degree and a PhD was a mere 7%. When that small bump in salary is weighed against the amount of debt taken on in order to get your degree, you may decide it's not worth it.

6. You could lose out on valuable job experience

New forms of technology continue to change how organizations operate, and those changes can happen fast. If you've already spent several years in school, toiling away in solitary study of obscure subjects can cause you to fall further behind in learning the skills you'll actually need for a future career.

Before you invest in getting a PhD, research your chosen field and learn which type of degree will give you the most value. Many scientific, financial and computing careers rely more on skills acquired on the job, rather than in coursework that can quickly become outdated.

Questions to ask yourself

You’ve listed out the pros and cons, but that still may not be enough to help make your decision. When it comes to a life-altering change like getting a doctorate, it’s okay to take enough time to ask yourself specific questions to ensure you’re making the right move. Consider asking yourself the following:

• Why do I want to get a PhD?
• Do I have the pre-requisites to move forward to a PhD?
• What are my strengths and limitations?
• Am I financially prepared?
• Am I mentally prepared?
• How will this affect my relationship with my family or friends?
• Where will I study?
• What am I trying to achieve?
• What jobs will be available to me after I get my PhD?
• Are there other options or avenues to consider?

Unfortunately, you may not have the answer to every one of these questions, because let’s face it, you don’t know what you don’t know. You might not know how it will affect your relationship with family or friends, but why not ask them? Reach out to those closest to you and see how you pursuing this degree could trickle down to them and allow that to play into your decision. Evaluate the answers to these questions and use it to help you make an educated decision on your future moving forward.

The best PhD degrees

If you’ve weighed out the pros and cons, asked all the important questions, and now you’re set on getting your PhD, congratulations! To help you along the way, let’s look at a list of the most valuable PhD programs to start you on your way to this degree.

• Criminal Justice
• Engineering
• Cybersecurity
• Business Administration

These fields are rapidly growing and are among the highest-paying doctorate degrees in 2022 , so they might be worth considering as you start your journey.

Key takeaways

Pursuing your PhD requires an incredible amount of commitment, and it's important to take the necessary time to make the decision. As you’re evaluating a doctorate degree, remember the following:

• Evaluate the pros and cons list right from the beginning to ensure you’re weighing out both sides of the coin.
• Ask yourself the necessary questions. A doctorate degree commitment can affect more than just you, so be sure you’re factoring that into your decision.
• Review specifically which PhD would be best for you and your field progression.
• Research your chosen field carefully and evaluate the job market before you finalize your degree choice.
• Once you’ve selected your degree, stay focused and stay driven. It’s going to be a hard few years, but it will be worth the work!

Who knows, this may prompt you to move on to postgraduate study — never stop achieving!

Have you decided to pursue your PhD, or are you still considering your options? Join us in the comments below and let us know what’s stopping or encouraging you from getting a PhD.

Originally published on July 24, 2019. Updated by Shalie Reich.

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Is PhD worth it when considering your career in industry

I'm a beginning doctoral student in the field of Machine Learning and I've been given several contradicting opinions on whether a PhD is worth it or not. I don't want to spend the rest of my life in front of a desk doing research, but I would like to deepen my understanding on my field. I am interested for a career on industry. Some people say I'm wasting my time for doing the PhD and some people say it is worth it. My plan at the moment is to finish PhD as fast as possible and then continue my career in industry when I'm still young. Any opinions or recommendations on what I should do? :)

I want to add to this that I have already 2,5 years of work experience on industry (IT) already. For example I designed and implemented an online language skill tester for my university and have worked as a software engineer. So I wouldn't be entirely newbie in programming after I finish my PhD...

My subject is about applying the techniques of Machine Learning on Big Data.

Thank you for any suggestions and guidelines :)

• career-path

• 2 related, not necessarily a dupe academia.stackexchange.com/questions/11149/… –  user7130 Commented Aug 20, 2013 at 9:53
• 2 If you do a PhD in a more practical side of Machine Learning, something related to Big Data, then this surely would be beneficial to a career in Industry. –  Dave Clarke Commented Aug 20, 2013 at 10:15
• 1 You might have an answer here workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/13191/… –  zzzzz Commented Aug 20, 2013 at 13:44

6 Answers 6

You haven't really defined what you mean by "...when considering your career" in the subject of this post. On the one hand, you say,

I would like to deepen my understanding on my field.

If your goal is to deepen your understanding, one way to do that is to get a PhD. You can also do this on your own, without getting a PhD, but you'll find a more structured path and (possibly) more resources if you go down the PhD route.

On the other hand, you say,

I am interested for a career on industry.

Are you interested in industry because of the money? If that is the case, you're most likely better off earning a full income and "moving up the ladder" during the time you would spend in graduate school, which means you should forego getting a PhD to concentrate on the money.

If you're interested in a career in industry because of reasons outside of financial considerations, then you have to think about what kinds of jobs you're looking to take in industry. If you're satisfied that your current skills and educational level will make you competitive for the jobs you want, you should probably reconsider the PhD, and to "deepen your understanding" in a different way. Then again, a certain percentage of people want to get a PhD for the challenge and for strictly personal reasons, removed from the job details themselves.

If the jobs you want to get are generally given to PhDs, then you have your answer already -- get the PhD to make yourself competitive for those positions.

I suggest writing down all of your long-term goals, and then weighing them against the time and cost (and opportunity costs) of getting your PhD. If after all that you still don't have a good answer, you might consider continuing with your program for another year and just postponing the decision until then. Eventually, either you will get your PhD, or you will be convinced that it is better off that you stop the program (but the decision may get harder the closer you are to finishing).

It is impossible to answer your question unless you tell in which country you intend to work in the industry.

In France, for example, a PhD is not very highly considered by industry, where the one important criteria is which engineering school you did. This is slowly evolving.

I heard that in Germany, a PhD is highly valued in industry, even if its content has nothing to do with the job.

I have little knowledge for other countries.

• 4 Re: Germany. It is. The idea is that a PhD holder has at least managed one large complex project till the very end: his/her own PhD project. –  Oleg Lobachev Commented Jul 21, 2018 at 23:03

I completed my PhD recently and I am currently working in the industry. Mine is a PhD in CS and my thesis was on development of newer techniques for real time prediction. Before PhD, I had 5 years of work experience in the analytics sector. Personally, I found the entire experience of the PhD to be intellectually satisfying and worth the effort. Yes, I had to forgo 4 years of income or earning opportunities and survived on an adequate stipend. But I believe PhD in a technical field like Machine Learning will always be in demand in the industry. Post PhD, I got the job as a data scientist with the largest online retailer. I think it varies from individual to individual and one should find their own way. In my country, PhD is not that highly valued in the industry. But I guess one should do a PhD in an area for which they have some passion so that they can develop the skill sets that will make them competitive in the job market.

This is not an 'official' answer, but one of a revelation of sorts I have had recently.

One thing that occurred to me as I complete my PhD (submit in the next fortnight), is that my PhD is a very practical and successful application of existing technology into very specific scientific functions that the technology was not designed to do. This, and the community benefit aspects have formed the basis of the papers that I have been able to get published. If you can make a focus on practical applications alongside the theoretical constructs - then the PhD may be of benefit of both you and a future employer.

However, this varies from discipline to discipline (as the answers in my other thread linked in the comments suggest).

You have got to look at what benefits are there for you in pursuing a PhD, both in the short and long term.

If you have an opportunity to finish your Phd then do so. Failing to continue with a Phd is something that is difficult to change your mind on later in life. In the big scheme of things what you see yourself doing just after graduating is so different from what you may find yourself doing in 10, 20, 30 or 40 years later.

You will never regret having a Phd. You may regret not having a Phd when you could have completed it!

• 1 Thank you Brian :) appreciate your help. In fact, I recently graduated as a fresh PhD :) –  jjepsuomi Commented Jul 20, 2018 at 16:21

In my opinion, the key defining feature of Ph.D. research is to understand a subject in its most fundamental aspects and push the boundary of collective human understanding and knowledge. There are some things that you only get to explore while going through a Ph.D. degree and some results you only get to publish in academia.

Consider what you have said in your post:

I don't want to spend the rest of my life in front of a desk doing research, but I would like to deepen my understanding on my field.

The question is what do you mean by deepening your understanding of your field. If by deepening your understanding, you mean, deepening your understanding of the technologies that are used in machine learning, then industry could be a good option. But if you mean that deepening your understanding of how and why things work, then perhaps the industry is not a good place for that.

My plan at the moment is to finish Ph.D. as fast as possible and then continue my career in the industry when I'm still young.

I think you should examine whether you want to get a Ph.D. solely to satisfy some requirement on a job application, and perhaps to get a higher starting salary, or do you want to create something that lasts and make a name for yourself in the research community. The key question is: "will the impact of my thesis be felt long after I finish the Ph.D. degree"? And if your Ph.D. research cannot provide a satisfactory answer to this question, then it is better to go into industry.

I have observed that there seems to be a collective rush to finish Ph.D. in machine learning and computer science departments. In my opinion, this collective habit has greatly cheaped the value of their degrees, and this can be reflected in the quality of their thesis, which consists nothing more than a few equations, some hand-wavy explanation as to why their new equations are better, and some simulations with highly controlled experiments.

I have seen the statistics; nobody cares about their research at all (view count less than some double digit number, years after publishing thesis), because everybody else is also putting up a few equations and doing their own simulation and hoping to get into industry asap - the level of toxicity is high, nobody is building upon or examining each other's work. This kind of research is unsustainable in the long run.

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Is it worth doing a PhD when an academic career is not the goal?

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Is Getting a PhD Degree Worth It? (In-Depth Guide)

Deciding whether to pursue a PhD is a major life decision that requires careful consideration of the costs and benefits. This comprehensive guide examines multiple angles to help you determine if a PhD is right for you.

A PhD, or Doctor of Philosophy degree, represents the highest level of academic achievement. It typically takes 5-7 years of intense study and research to earn a PhD.

Pursuing a PhD is an enormous commitment that involves significant personal and financial sacrifices. So is it ultimately worthwhile to embark on the long, challenging road to a doctorate? There are good arguments on both sides.

This article analyzes the pros and cons of getting a PhD from multiple perspectives: career prospects, financial outlook, personal fulfillment, and work-life balance. We also provide helpful tips and alternative options to PhD study.

By evaluating all these factors, you can make an informed decision on whether the high demands of PhD programs align with your professional and life goals.

Career Prospects

A major reason people pursue PhDs is to advance their careers, especially in academia or research. However, the job market and career trajectories for PhDs vary greatly by field.

Academic Job Market

The academic job market is infamously tough across most disciplines. Tenure-track professor positions are extremely competitive, with hundreds of applicants per opening.

PhD graduates far outnumber available faculty jobs. Only 20-30% of PhDs ultimately end up as tenured or tenure-track professors.

The oversaturation of PhDs applies to both sciences and humanities. However, academic prospects do differ by field:

• Sciences:  Research-focused careers in industry, government agencies, think tanks, or private R&D labs provide reasonable alternatives to faculty positions.
• Humanities/social sciences:  There are relatively few non-academic jobs where a humanities or social science PhD is expected or required.

Overall, most PhDs will not achieve tenure-track professorships like they envisioned. Be prepared for a competitive job hunt or alternative career options outside academia.

Non-Academic Careers

While academic jobs are scarce, PhDs can impart useful transferable skills for industry positions:

• In-depth expertise in a specialized field
• Research, data analysis, and critical thinking abilities
• Project management from overseeing long-term dissertations
• Perseverance through difficult objectives
• Communication from teaching, presentations, and publishing

However, simply having an advanced degree does not guarantee better job prospects outside academia. Pursuing a PhD solely for non-academic careers is risky without substantial industry experience.

You need to intentionally develop hard business skills. Network extensively. Seek internships and learn to translate your expertise to practical real-world applications.

With deliberate efforts to prepare for industry jobs, PhDs can thrive in sectors like:

• Business/Finance:  Data science, analytics, management consulting
• Government:  Policy research, intelligence analysis, science advisor roles
• Non-profits/NGOs:  Program evaluation, grant writing
• Writing/Journalism:  Freelance subject matter expert
• Law:  Patent attorney, education law
• Technology:  Research scientist, UX research

If considering a PhD for non-academic advancement, research job prospects in your specific field first. Assess whether the time investment is justified by the career boost for your goals.

Financial Considerations

Between tuition and living expenses, PhD programs require a major financial commitment. However, most STEM (science, technology, engineering, math) PhDs in the US receive funding. Humanities/social science funding is less common but also available at many universities.

PhD Funding Packages

Typical PhD funding provides:

• Tuition remission
• Stipend for living costs (~$25k-$35k annually)
• Health insurance

Funding comes from universities, government grants, or research fellowships. PhD candidates receive funding in exchange for teaching or research duties.

Full PhD funding vastly mitigates financial burdens. But it’s still important to budget carefully and manage expectations after graduate school.

Post-PhD Salaries

It takes 8+ years post-undergrad to complete a PhD program and potentially a post-doc. While PhDs earn more on average than those with bachelor’s degrees, you forego years of earning potential while in school.

Salaries vary based on your field and type of position:

• Tenured professor:  $60k – $130k
• Industry research scientist:  $80k-$150k
• Government analyst:  $60k-$120k

Consider whether modest salary bumps justify the long PhD timeframe compared to earning a master’s and gaining experience.

Also, academic salaries remain fairly flat throughout careers. Professors earn far less than industry PhDs over time. Carefully weigh earning potential in decision-making.

Other Financial Factors

Other monetary considerations around pursuing a PhD include:

• Lost retirement savings:  Less ability to contribute to retirement funds during PhD program.
• Student loan debt:  Potential debt financing if funding is inadequate for all costs.
• Opportunity costs:  Foregoing income from full-time jobs.
• Family obligations:  Possible strain from providing for dependents.

Do a complete cost/benefit analysis before committing to a PhD’s financial impact.

Personal Fulfillment

Beyond careers and money, a major incentive for PhD study is personal edification. A PhD allows you to gain expertise in a niche topic of passion. For the intellectually curious, a PhD can provide immense satisfaction from the pursuit of knowledge.

Following Your Interests

Spending 5+ years immersed in research and writing a dissertation on precisely the subject you love is a dream come true for some.

For example, analyzing Victorian literature or studying star formation lets you delve further into niche interests than any other path.

Doing what you love for a living provides tremendous happiness and fulfillment. PhDs enable highly specialized work aligned with your academic passions.

Prestige and Validation

Being addressed as “Dr.” conveys prestige and an immense sense of scholarly achievement. Society broadly respects the title as representing the pinnacle of academic validation.

If external validation of your intellectual capabilities matters profoundly, then a PhD offers immense personal gratification.

Additionally, being at the forefront of progress in your field generates prestige through publications, grants, conferences, and expanding human understanding.

Lifestyle Preferences

A PhD also suits certain lifestyle preferences and work styles:

• Enjoy academia:  Teaching college students and participating in university culture.
• Love research:  Lab experiments, writing, collecting data, analyzing results.
• Flexible hours:  Academia offers flexible work schedules compared to 9-5 industry jobs.
• Work independence:  PhD research requires high capability for independent planning.

Evaluate your work values and preferences. If a PhD aligns with your vision for lifestyle and daily tasks, it may boost happiness.

Work-Life Balance

A PhD demands an immense workload. Be realistic about the high pressure and time commitments required.

PhD students work long hours in labs, libraries, and at home reading academic literature and writing. Expect 60+ hours per week dedicated to PhD duties. These may include:

• Conducting extensive research
• Running experiments
• Analyzing data
• Writing academic papers
• Preparing conference presentations
• Teaching undergrad classes
• Grading exams
• Writing long comprehensive dissertation (book-length original research)

Such heavy workloads continue into professor and post-doc careers. PhDs require strong time management skills and inability to separate from work.

High Pressure

PhD milestones like qualifying exams, dissertation writing, and defending findings before a committee provoke extremely high stress. These make or break moments determine your entire career trajectory.

Handling this pressure and uncertainty during 5+ years of intense PhD study takes an emotional toll. Be prepared for setbacks and criticism before major achievements.

Health Effects

Between hectic schedules, work pressures, and financial anxiety, PhD students face much higher mental health issues than the general public.Studies show PhDs suffer high rates of:

• Impostor syndrome

If you already struggle with mental health, carefully evaluate if PhD programs will exacerbate issues. Develop strong coping strategies and self-care habits before matriculating.

With extreme workloads and pressure, work-life balance is hugely challenging for PhD candidates and professors. Expect high difficulty finding time for family, relationships, and life outside academia.

Consider whether the intellectual stimulation is worth sacrifices in other life realms before committing.

Alternative Options

If the costs and risks of a PhD outweigh benefits for your goals, consider alternative advanced degrees with more flexibility:

Master’s Degrees

A master’s degree allows focusing on a specific field with far less commitment. Course-based programs usually take 1-2 years. Benefits include:

• Specialized knowledge to advance career
• Higher entry salaries in many fields
• Much less pressure than PhD research
• Completed in under two years

Master’s cost is also a fraction of a PhD’s lost earning potential over 5+ years. Master’s salaries surpass PhD pay in some industries over the long run.

If interested in academia, a master’s lets you teach community college without the PhD research rigors.

Professional Doctorates

Professional doctorate degrees like MDs, PharmDs, DPTs, JDs confer the prestigious “Dr.” title and advanced expertise for particular careers:

• Physical therapy

These programs take 3-4 years and focus on practical rather than scholarly research. If you want a doctorate for status and specialized knowledge, professional programs offer alternatives requiring less research.

In the internet age, immense knowledge is freely available beyond formal institutions. If intrinsically driven, you can gain expertise through:

• Massive open online courses
• YouTube tutorials
• Public library books
• Encyclopedias
• Academic paper archives

Self-directed learning allows following intellectual curiosity without graduate program constraints.

James Bullard is an experienced journalist who writes extensively about higher education, careers, and the job market. He is passionate about analyzing whether college degrees are worth the investment, given factors like rising tuition costs and student loan debt.

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Is it a good time to be getting a PhD? We asked those who’ve done it

Researcher, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University

Postdoctoral Research Associate, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University

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Career Sessions was sponsored by a grant from Inspiring SA ( https://inspiringsa.org.au/ ).

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The number of Australian PhD graduates reached around 10,000 a year in 2019, twice as many as in 2005. However, the number of PhDs has been exceeding the available academic positions since as early as the mid-1990s. In 2020, universities purged around 10% of their workforce due to the pandemic, and many university careers are still vulnerable .

Given these statistics, you might wonder if doing a PhD is still a good idea. Based on our discussions with PhD holders, there are still plenty of very good reasons, which is good news in 2021.

Read more: 2021 is the year Australia's international student crisis really bites

In June 2020 we interviewed 12 PhD holders from multiple disciplines for our podcast Career Sessions to investigate the question: why do a PhD?

Why do a PhD?

The PhD is a mechanism for developing high-level research skills, learning about rigours of science or the development of theory. It sets you up with project management, problem-solving and analytical skills that are meaningful within and beyond academia.

“It just taught me all those transferable skills, project management, and also now starting businesses. I’m amazed at how close starting a business is to doing a science project.” – Dr Andy Stapleton

For our interviewees, the PhD is an opportunity to dive deeply into a topic they are passionate about. They also considered contributing new knowledge to be a privilege. The process taught them to be better thinkers, critical thinkers, and to view the world through new eyes.

“The mental fitness to work at a high level, to be able to think at a high level, to be able to write it […] The topic is less important.” – Dr Gareth Furber

The PhD is a voyage of discovery to a better understanding of how things work. It gives them a credible platform from which their voice can be heard and respected, and they can contribute to change.

“I think it’s definitely like a springboard or something. It launches you into a whole other place and it gives you […] more of a voice. It’s a political act for me. It’s about making change.” – Dr Elizabeth Newnham

The PhD is a tough and sometimes painful journey, but ultimately rewarding. The extraordinary was tempered by frustration, and the experience shaped their lives, increasing self-confidence and leading to new self-awareness.

Read more: PhD completion: an evidence-based guide for students, supervisors and universities

When asked whether they would they do it again, no-one hesitated in saying “yes”.

“You will never stretch your brain in a way that a PhD forces you to.” – Professor Kate Douglas.

The PhD is not necessarily a golden ticket to an academic career, but the experience and skills you develop will be meaningful for your future.

“What I’d done in my PhD gave me a lot broader sense than just my own personal experience. There were a lot of people that have heard me speak and a lot of that’s been informed by the PhD. So it might not be direct, but it’s informed who I am.” – Dr Susan Close

Advice from our guests

Keep both your eyes and your mind open. Pick a topic you are passionate about. Speak to people both within and outside academia to find out where this could lead. Think about whether you actually need a PhD to get to where you want to be.

You’ll have to make some judgement calls about how a PhD can fit into your life.

And find the right supervisor! They are the most important relationship you will have throughout your candidature, and they are a solid reference for what comes next. Finding the right supervisor will always enhance your PhD experience .

Read more: Ten types of PhD supervisor relationships – which is yours?

A PhD isn’t right for everyone. Ask yourself, is it the right time for you and your research interests? Are you resilient? Mental health among PhD students is poor

Our podcast guests have witnessed PhD students’ struggles. The pathway of a PhD candidate is not linear. There are many ups and downs. You will meander in many unplanned directions and often take wrong turns.

When you have completed your PhD, the hard work is really just starting. It is a gateway, but there are a lot of PhDs out there. It is what comes next that really counts.

“It’s a gateway. You’re learning how to do research. But if you really want to be successful afterwards, you need to apply that, and be diligent about that as well, and have a good work ethic.” – Dr Mark Krstic

Read more: 1 in 5 PhD students could drop out. Here are some tips for how to keep going

A PhD in any field is an achievement. Even the most niche topics will contribute knowledge to a field that is important for many people. The reward is intrinsic and only you can identify how doing a PhD will contribute to your life. It gives you a great toolkit to identify the doors that are appropriate for you.

“The first paper was the most exciting thing. […] at that time I thought of papers as like a version of immortality. My name is on something that will last forever. I think this is my legacy.” – Dr Cameron Shearer

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Top 10 Reasons to do a Business PhD

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1. Stand out from the crowd

In today's economy, the majority of jobs in business and management require some sort of business degree. Unfortunately, the majority of job seekers already have a business degree or diploma of some sort. Many schools and online institutions offer fast and easy MBA degrees, or other similar programs. A business PhD , however, is a rare commodity. It makes you stand out from the crowd and shows that you are serious about your career.

2. Networking opportunities

We've all heard the maxim "it's not what you know, it's who you know". While this isn't always true, in the world of business it is clear that having a wide net of contacts and a good knowledge of the business world will act to your advantage. People you study with will be your colleagues and competitors in the future, and academic conferences provide excellent opportunities to meet new people expand your network.

3. Hone your skills

Becoming an expert in something takes more than a few courses – it takes lots of practice. A business PhD will give you the time to hone your skills in an environment where you have ready access to experts and high-quality resources. Imagine the difference between a psychologist, and someone who took a few psychology courses at school – that's the sort of difference your business PhD will give you.

4. Specialise

Maybe you have an interest in corporate social responsibility, business ethics, non-profit management, or some other topic that you didn't get to explore in undergraduate studies. Business is an area that covers a wide variety of topics, and taking the time to become an expert in a particular area can lead to great opportunities down the road. Taking the time to explore a side of the job you are really interested in can also mean a great chance of finding a career that is meaningful and fulfilling, as well as profitable.

5. Salary potential

Speaking of profitable, education is directly related to potential salary. Many businesses and institutions automatically pay higher salaries to individuals with postgraduate degrees. Even those that don't may be willing to offer a higher starting salary for someone with better credentials, and you may feel more confident asking for one.

6. Climbing the ladder

It can take several months to really get the hang of a new job, and most people spend the early days of their career finding their footing in the business world, and getting used to the way things work. Your extra experience coming out of business school means that you will have the ability to succeed quickly, and also opens doors for upward movement within an organization. Who would you promote, the rookie with a cookie-cutter diploma and little life experience, or the mature PhD holder, with years more experience and expertise?

7. Get the confidence to succeed

Confidence is important in every aspect of life, but when it comes to the business world it can really be the key to success. There are a lot of techniques out there to improve confidence, but confidence that comes from really knowing your stuff is hard to fake. Interviewers, clients and investors appreciate dealing with someone who knows their subject inside and out, is comfortable talking about it and is able to answer questions satisfactorily. Knowing that you have what it takes to earn a PhD can be a huge confidence booster that will show in how you present yourself, as well as on your CV.

8. Time to decide

Majoring in business is sometimes seen as a "safe bet", since it opens so many job opportunities after graduation. For this reason, some people go into the field because they aren't quite sure what they want to do yet. This is perfectly fine - it can take a while to decide what you want to do with your life - but maybe now you're nearing the end of your degree, and you still can't make up your mind. There are a lot of interesting opportunities to choose from. A graduate degree can give you time to explore and find your passion while still investing in something that will be a huge asset to your career.

9. Meet role models

Everyone has someone who inspires them, and business is full of successful individuals who have interesting stories to tell and provide the inspiration to succeed. Although some people are lucky enough to land a job working with someone they admire, for most people finding a job means being tied to one place and one set of obligations. Academia on the other hand is more flexible, and frequently offers the chance to attend lectures by big-name presenters, or bump elbows with the greats at conferences and trade shows. Many busy people are also more likely to respond when someone reaches out to them in an academic capacity, and are more likely to share their knowledge this way.

10. Opportunity to give teaching a try

Graduate students frequently have the opportunity to teach courses or assist professors with their teaching duties, and many people find teaching to be very rewarding. Business can be fun and exciting, but some people find that after a few years they would like to slow down, especially if they want to start a family or pursue other interests. If that happens to you, having a PhD and some teaching experience may be a foot in the door back into the world of academia. Here, deadlines are often more relaxed, but the work is still interesting and rewarding, and the salaries are still very good.

There are many reasons to pursue a business PhD, and ultimately the best reasons are the ones which are most important to you. Hopefully this article has given you something to consider that will make your choice easier.

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Should I Earn a Doctorate Degree?

Types of Ph.D.s You Can Receive in the Field of Business

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A d octorate degree is the highest level academic degree that can be earned in the U.S. and many other countries. This degree is awarded to students who have completed a doctoral degree program.

Types of Doctorate Degrees

There are four basic types of doctorate degrees:

• Professional Doctorates - These doctorate degrees are awarded to students who focus on a profession over research. An example of a professional doctorate is a DBA ( Doctor of Business Administration .)
• Research Doctorates - Commonly known as a Ph.D. or Doctor of Philosophy , research doctorates are typically awarded in recognition of academic research.
• Higher Doctorates - A higher doctorate is a tiered research degree awarded in several countries including the United Kingdom, France, and Ireland.
• Honorary Doctorates - Honorary doctorate are doctorate degrees awarded by certain universities that want to recognize an individual's contribution to a particular field.

Where to Earn a Doctorate Degree

There are thousands of universities around the world that award doctorate degrees. Business students can often choose between a campus-based program and an online program. Although every program is different, most schools require students to complete at least two years of full-time study before a doctorate degree will be awarded. In some cases, it may take as long as 8 to 10 years to complete the necessary requirements. Prerequisites for business students often include an MBA or a master's degree in a business field. However, there are some schools willing to admit undergraduate students to their doctoral programs.

Reasons to Earn a Doctorate Degree

There are many different reasons to consider earning a doctorate degree in the business field . To start, earning a doctorate degree can significantly increase your earning potential. This degree can also qualify you for more advanced and prestigious career options, such as CEO. Doctorate degrees can also make it easier to obtain consulting or research work and teaching jobs.

DBA vs. Ph.D.

Choosing between a professional degree, such as a DBA, and a research degree, such as a Ph.D., can be difficult. For business students who want to contribute to business theory and management practice while developing professional skills and contributing professional knowledge, the DBA is almost certainly the best academic route to take.

Choosing a Doctoral Degree Program

Finding the right doctoral degree program can be a challenge. There are thousands of schools and degree programs to choose from in the U.S. alone. However, it is essential that you make the right choice. You will be spending several years in the program. You must find a school that offers the type of degree you want to earn as well as the type of professors you want to work with. Some of the most important things to consider when deciding where to earn a doctorate degree from include:

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The Pros and Cons of Getting a PhD

Getting a doctorate is a decision that will impact both your personal and professional life for many years to come. In this blog, we explore the benefits and drawbacks of attaining a doctoral degree, aiming to provide you with an unbiased view to help you make an informed decision.

Why Consider A PhD?

The benefits of a phd.

When it comes to enhancing your knowledge and contributing to your chosen field, few pathways can match the depth of a PhD. The benefits of a PhD extend beyond mere academic gains – they permeate each dimension of your professional enhancement.

1. Mastery in Your Field A PhD equips you with comprehensive knowledge about a specific area, amplifying your analytical, critical thinking and research skills to a level far beyond what a bachelor’s or a master’s degree could offer.

2. Opportunity for Ground-breaking Research As a PhD student, your primary role is to create new knowledge. The sense of fulfillment derived from contributing something novel to your field can be incredibly rewarding.

3. Networking Opportunities During your PhD program, you'll attend conferences and seminars, presenting you with opportunities to mingle with like-minded individuals, renowned academics and industry professionals, expanding your professional network substantially.

4. Enhanced Career Prospects With a PhD, a broader horizon of career opportunities opens up. You become a university professor, a leader in research organizations, or even a policy-maker influencing critical decisions in your field.

Practical Reasons to Get a Doctorate Degree

1. Societal Impact PhD holders can influence policy, promoting changes that positively impact society at various levels.

2. Teaching Opportunities For those passionate about educating others and impacting future generations, a Doctorate degree is often a prerequisite for higher-level academic positions.

3. Potential Higher Earnings A direct benefit of a PhD is the possibility of higher earnings over the course of your career, although this can vary considerably depending on the field.

The Flip Side: Challenges of a PhD 

Just like any significant endeavor, getting a doctorate comes with its fair share of challenges.

The Cons of a PhD

1. Time and Financial Commitment A typical PhD can take 4-7 years to complete. Not only does this require a substantial investment of your time, it can also strain your finances. While scholarships and stipends may alleviate some costs, there is the foregone income to consider as well.

2. Pressures and Stress Levels The demands of a PhD — meticulous research, endless writing and frequent presentations — are often high. The intense pressure can lead to stress and burnout.

3. Work-Life Balance The long hours often required to complete a PhD can lead to a blurring of lines between work and personal life.

Practical Disadvantages of a Doctorate Degree

1. Over-Qualification Depending on your field, you might find potential employers outside academia who view you as overqualified, thus narrowing your pool of job opportunities.

2. Limited Practical Experience Dependent largely on theoretical work, a PhD sometimes lags in offering industry-specific training, which some employers may seek.

3. Opportunity Costs You should consider alternative achievements you might forego during the years spent on your PhD. This includes work experience, career progression, or even personal life events.

Making an Informed Decision: PhD or Not?

Deciding whether or not a PhD is worth it for you is a deeply personal decision, highly dependent on your long-term career goals and current life situation.

Evaluate your reasons to get a doctorate degree. 

• Are you genuinely passionate about research?
• How essential is a PhD for your career aspirations?
• Are you ready for the financial implications?

Have you considered the opportunity cost? 

Seeking advice from PhD holders, mentors, and career advisors can offer valuable insights in answering these questions.

The decision to pursue a PhD is undoubtedly complex and multifaceted. It requires careful consideration of both the benefits of a doctorate degree and its potential disadvantages. Ultimately, though, it is a personal decision. What is very clear is this: when used as a stepping stone for specific career goals, a PhD can be an exceptionally powerful tool.

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• Is A PhD Really Worth It? Or A Waste of Time?

Some may look back 5 years or even 10 years post-PhD and say it was definitely worth it. Others may be fresh out of graduate school and have a different view/opinion or may only feel frustration.

It may be defined by the job you ended up with (or ultimately want), the opportunities that your PhD led to, or how you define success . Others may say the PhD gave them more credibility, upwards mobility, and technical expertise needed for their job. Others may have pursued a different field apart from their PhD training and claim the PhD served a much different purpose (such as self-discovery).

The skills learned during a PhD are also invaluable in many ways, but the reality is that these transferable skills still don’t seem to be enough by themselves  to land your first job in many cases (although very job and company dependent). But whether a PhD program ‘fully’ trains or prepares you for the job market or not, still doesn’t define its worth. The point is that a PhD-even if it doesn’t pay off now-certainly can (or will) later. But one very important point to make is this :

How you define the value of a PhD or if it was worth 5-7 years of your life (and time out of the workforce)-is entirely individualistic .

With that said, let’s go into this article-which is written by Michelle Capes, along with 2 other PhD’s who offer their perspective. Please keep an open mind as you read through the comments, as each PhD will have their own experiences which may be different from your own.

Is A PhD Really Worth It? – Michelle Capes

I am often asked whether my PhD was worth it. Would I do it again?

PhD programs are almost universally trial-by-fire experiences. When they’re completed, many new PhDs find out that they’re underprepared for finding jobs in anything but academia .

This should come as no surprise to any PhD . But the real question is what are you doing about it ? With the flood of articles that are heightening awareness and pitching the idea of careers outside of academia as the norm, it all becomes diluted unless you actually put it into action .

As they begin their job hunt, they run up against the “ overqualified, inexperienced ” wall with a resounding thud. They are often turned away from entry-level positions in favor of bachelors and master’s level candidates, and become disillusioned about having earned their PhD at all.

I decided to ask couple of my colleagues about their thoughts on this question before weighing in with comments of my own. This article will give you three different answers and perspectives on the question “Is A PhD Worth It?” From there, you decide (it is very individualistic).

Debbie completed her PhD in 2012 and is currently on her second postdoc . Although she had funding for another year, she realized that complacency was not an option. She got a head start on her job search by participating in frequent networking events, serving on a committee to organize biotech events in the community, and building up leadership cred by acting as president of her university’s postdoctoral association.

She is no stranger to the frustrations of the job hunt, having weathered some truly frustrating situations: being told, for example, during an informational interview with an industry scientist that she should complete a third postdoc in order to broaden her skill set, and losing out as #2 on the short list after several exhausting interviews.

At the time of this writing, Debbie has accepted a position as Associate Medical Writer at a large contract research organization.

Debbie’s response to “Was your PhD worth it?” was this:

The answer is no longer the obvious ‘yes’ that it would have been in the past. With a tough job market and increasingly high [hiring] standards, having a PhD doesn’t seem to mean as much as it did in the past. However, there is more to the picture as well. Getting my PhD ensured that I was trained to think as a scientist. It altered my whole thought process for the better and that shouldn’t be taken for granted.

Debbie also spoke about her sense of accomplishment:

I kept working through some tough times and finished my degree. I’m proud of that. I eventually realized that the job market is going to be tough at any level – it is what it is. No matter what level you are at, what job you are trying to get, if you apply yourself to networking and distinguishing yourself from the herd, eventually you will earn yourself a good job.

I knew Holly while I was in graduate school, when she was completing a postdoc in a neighboring lab. After the postdoc, Holly became assistant scientist in a clinical research lab , then left for a position with a global leader in the medical device industry . Her pathway toward deciding to pursue a career outside of academia sounds (unsurprisingly) familiar.

Here’s Holly’s response:

Yes, my PhD was completely worth it, although for surprising reasons. Following my decision to pursue a career in the industry, I was unsure of what to expect since I had previously been pursuing an academic track. The decision was largely due to frustration with: (1) the grant landscape  (2) the lengthy amount of time to impact patient’s lives pursuing academic research (I was interested in bench-to-bedside science). The benefit of having a PhD was realized as early as my interview. I had pursued a clinical research position and discovered that while PhD’s in the bench-science arena are very common, if not required, in clinical research, it is not necessarily expected. My PhD, along with some experience in clinical research, and the ability to communicate effectively, landed me the job . The most surprising element of my training which has given me the best advantage? My post-doctoral years. These years have set me apart from other colleagues who have a PhD. Having 1 or more post-doctoral years has shown my ability to expand my knowledge into another area , and also the ability to manage my own research ideas and projects . In my experience, research in the industry is not only about what you know – it’s also about project management and the ability to communicate across groups of people .”

Holly continues:

Another benefit of the PhD is the characterization that you are a learner . ‘Learner’ personalities love to expand and grow, which is encouraged in the industry. If [they are] going into industry, someone with a PhD should understand their value is not necessarily the knowledge they bring to the company (although that is important), but the characteristics that are needed to finish a PhD which include: (1) persistence , (2) resilience , (3) idea generation , (4) project management , and, (5) dedication . This list is not comprehensive, but gives a view into the dimensions [that] a PhD has to offer. Potential PhD students, current students and post-graduates should reflect on what their PhD experience will or has taught them, not just about the science, but the soft skills that help to set them apart – I wish it hadn’t taken me so long to figure it out; it might have paid off even sooner .

And I’m back (Michelle Capes).

For my part, I am very happy to have earned my PhD and I would do it again , although not for the original reason I had in mind when I began my program. Sure, I gained a lot of expertise in a niche area of science, and that was all very interesting. But I knew it wouldn’t sustain me for my entire professional career.

When I made the decision to leave academia, I had to capitalize on the other things I learned during grad school and my postdoc, beginning with marketing myself effectively during my job search .

I attained a position as a scientific recruiter precisely because I had a PhD. The agency prided itself on “scientists recruiting scientists,” and having that credential after my name lent credibility to their selling point. (In fact, when my first set of business cards arrived without my credentials, they were immediately re-ordered at the supervisor’s request.)

Now that I have launched my own business venture, I realize that the network I built during graduate school and my postdoc is  priceless . I have numerous contacts, both in academia and industry, who know me well and are willing to vouch for my abilities, refer potential clients, and put me in touch with additional colleagues.

It was during the PhD program that I got my first experience doing many of the things that I now offer as services through my business, including grant writing and editing, writing articles, and mentoring . When I pitch these services to prospective clients, having a PhD imparts a high degree of clout. It’s also helpful to be able to point to the successful grant applications I prepared during grad school and my postdoc.

Let’s re-visit the original question: “Is a PhD Worth It?”

I’ve related three positive responses about the value of a PhD. However, a simple Google search will turn up a plethora of negative responses, along with doom-and-gloom articles relating the poor job prospects for PhDs .

If you’re asking this question and you already have your PhD, it probably means that you’re not planning to stay in academia. It likely also means that you’ve made the realization that your training didn’t include the part about looking for jobs, writing resumes, interviewing, etc .

You’re in good company: many other PhDs are waking up to the hard reality that there simply are not enough academic positions for the 64,000-odd PhDs awarded every year in the U.S. alone. Some would make the case that this imbalance is a good thing, because more students are given the chance to succeed and to benefit from one-on-one advice from professors during their education (Source: The Wire ).

Regardless, the realization that too many PhDs were being cranked out for the number of tenured academic positions available set in as early as  the 1990’s . Way back then , PhDs were forced to search for employment in other sectors, belatedly realizing that they were woefully unprepared to transition into such careers.

That the situation has not been remediated almost twenty-five years later is reprehensible , especially now that funding crunches are forcing not only new PhDs and postdocs into the non-academic career path, but also established professors .

I recently read an article on The New York Times titled “ When Education Brings Depression .” The comments (which admittedly got off-topic) about the article ranged from personal experiences of depression in grad school to questioning the point of going through graduate school at all, with one reader (we’ll identify her as Suzanne) complaining, “If I had it to do over again, I would never have devoted all those years to a doctorate. Graduate school is definitely a total scam .”

To which “lxp19” replied the following (emphasis added):

It [grad school] is only a scam if you only went into it to get a job…if you went into it thinking it was the ticket to a job…or if you were misled by the department, who sold it as a ticket to a job. Education is about a lot more than getting a particular job. I agree that grad schools need to promote and prepare students for a broader spectrum of professional opportunities. But learning to understand the world in more depth, to develop our own ideas in more depth is not a scam. But it may be an expensive proposition that does not quickly turn into a lucrative career .

One article I came across recently provides a colorful narrative explaining that the only PhD worth getting is in economics , and pointing out the drawbacks of pursuing a PhD in other fields.  The author suggests that those who pursue a PhD in the life sciences are either “suicidal fool[s]” or “incomprehensible sociopath[s].”

Further, he cautions, “if you are considering getting a lab science PhD, please immediately hit yourself in the face with a brick. Now you know what it’s like.”

However, the author brings up several caveats, among which was my major bugaboo with the article: “if enough people read and believe this blog post, it will cease to be true. There’s a piece of economics for you: as soon as people become aware that a thing is overvalued, they will start bidding up its price.” Every time there’s a mention of a shortage in X sector, you can be reasonably sure that there will be an excess in 10 years’ time.

(Side thought: You don’t get a PhD for money. If you are-it is for the wrong reasons)

A great example of this is the purported STEM shortage touted by the Obama administration. Though the debate continues to this day as to whether that shortage actually exists, one piece of evidence stands out to me. The National Institutes of Health recently trotted out a program to help new biomedical PhDs find alternative careers in the face of “unattractive” job prospects in the field.

Regardless of the situation across STEM fields as a whole, the situation at the top seems clear: there are too many biomedical PhDs . The overwhelming numbers of resumes that flood in for nearly every industry position posted further bolsters this conclusion .

As a recruiter, I was frequently contacted by PhDs wanting to apply for positions advertized for bachelor’s-level candidates.

The conversations would go something like this: Candidate X calls to inquire about a position with Y Biotech Company. “I’m familiar with that position,” I might say, “and it’s honestly too entry-level for someone with your credentials.” I say this based on the fact that I’ve spoken personally with the hiring manager for the position to see what points they might be flexible on. Hiring a PhD to do menial tasks is not one of them.

Candidate X protests, “but I’m willing to do any kind of [grunt work] and I’m okay with the [horrible] salary. I just want to get my foot in the door in industry.” There it is. Candidate X has told me a whole lot of things about him-/herself that are not conducive to getting a job at Y Biotech .

At this point in the conversation I’m already put off. And then it happens. Candidate X drops the bomb. “Would it help to leave the PhD off my resume?”

This question has sparked numerous, sometimes heated debates—one of which has been raging on LinkedIn since 2011, with almost 400 comments (see http://ow.ly/CkDPq ). This seems like a no-brainer to me: it’s completely unethical. Starting a new position under false pretenses is never a good thing. And nobody —not even the PhDs themselves —really believes that a PhD will be happy with an entry-level industry position involving, say, calibrating lab equipment .

Employers are savvy to this strategy: candidate X will exploit valuable company resources and training to get the critical “1-2 years of industry experience” that every job description seems to require, and then pursue a better opportunity elsewhere. Trying to convince them otherwise simply will not work.

Let’s recap again. Despite my earlier positive reflections on whether getting a PhD is worthwhile, I believe (and I’m sure I’m not alone here) that there should be far, far fewer students entering PhD programs. The job market, be it in academia or industry, just can’t support such a top-heavy pool of candidates, and there are plenty of embittered, unemployed, or underemployed PhDs to prove it .

If you do decide to pursue a PhD, you should know exactly what you want to get out of it. Choose your advisor carefully : if yours is the old-school, 24/7/365 in-the-lab type of person , you will have very little opportunity to do anything other than lab work, let alone career development . When you finish, you’ll be well prepared to be a postdoc. If you decide to pursue a career outside of academia, you will have a very hard time.

Realize that you need MORE than just a PhD . You have to squeeze as many transferable/soft skills as you possibly can out of your degree program . THESE are the skills that will allow you to make a successful transition .

EDUCATE YOURSELF about other sectors and career paths where your skills apply .   A lot of PhDs I’ve spoken to have a very narrow view of career opportunities for PhDs in STEM. They are accustomed to doing research in academia, so the default answer for industry seems to be R&D Scientist.

There are so many more opportunities out there that capitalize on your PhD training ! You are severely limiting your chances of finding a job if “R&D Scientist” is the only avenue you pursue. I highly recommend checking out Toby Freedman’s book, “Careers in Biotechnology and Drug Development” to investigate the diverse career paths that are available.

Make a list of possible careers, and write down the value proposition you bring to each one. What I mean is this: just about anyone can do a Western blot or run a PCR. But do you have the sort of dynamism it takes to head up a lab, lead a project, or be effective in a customer-facing role? Did you organize seminars or conferences? Serve in a leadership role? Manage the lab? Mentor people?

Believe me : if you are up against 30 other PhD-level molecular biologists, there have to be extra qualities that differentiate you­ from the herd.

  “Was your PhD worth it?”

If you’re asking yourself this question, here’s my advice: It doesn’t matter. You got your PhD. Be proud of your accomplishment and move on: a defeatist attitude will not get you a job. Remember that YOU get to create the lens that potential employers view you through, and that starts with crafting a positive narrative to explain who you are and what you want to achieve.

Further Reading

The culture of non-responsibility must be changed

Point of view: How postdocs benefit from building a union

Hit the Ground Running: Life After Academia (The PostDocWay) 

PhD as a training of the mind

Why won’t anyone respect me for the years of work I’ve done (instead of getting ‘work experience’) and give me a job?

Enough doom and gloom Part 3: Standing upon the great infrastructure of science

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• Is Doing a PhD Worth It?
• Finding a PhD

Undertaking a PhD shouldn’t be a light decision. In fact, it’s one of the most challenging academic journeys you could embark on. This begs the question: Is a PhD worth it?

A PhD is the highest globally recognised postgraduate degree that higher education institutions can award. The degree, which is awarded to candidates who demonstrate original and extensive research in a particular field of study, is not only invaluable in itself, but can lead to improves job prospects, a higher salary on average, and sets you up for invaluable skills and traits. If you are a graduate student considering undertaking doctoral studies, read our guidance to help you make an informed decision.

Career Prospects

Although a full time PhD takes on average three to five years to complete, that doesn’t mean you shouldn’t have a long-term goal, especially with the possibilities that come with it. It’s a common misunderstanding that PhDs only open the door for educational based roles such as university lecturers and training providers. Although obtaining a PhD does lend itself to an academic career, the opportunities extend far beyond the traditional academic job. In fact, recent data from the UK’s Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) indicates only 23% of PhD graduates take a position in educational roles. This low percentage is primarily because PhD graduates have a wide range of skills that make them suitable for a broad spectrum of roles. This is being seen first hand by the increasing number of PhD graduates who are entering alternative roles such as research, writing, law and investment banking.

Percentages aside, one of the most desirable post-doctoral fields is working within independent Research and Development (R&D) labs and new emerging companies. Both industries, especially R&D labs, have dedicated groups of PhD graduates who lead research activities, design new products and take part in crucial strategic meetings. Not only is this a stimulating line of work, but the average salaries in R&D labs and emerging start-ups are incredibly lucrative. In comparison, an undergraduate with five years of experience within their given field will, on average, likely earn less than a new PhD graduate taking on an R&D position. Completing an advanced degree programme demonstrates that you have developed a knowledge base in your research area which gives you a head start over other candidates who many only have an undergraduate degree or masters degree.

Pursuing your Interests

One factor to consider when asking ‘is a PhD worth it?’ is what your interests are. A doctoral degree is a fantastic opportunity to spend time learning about something that appeals to you. Having an interest in your research area as a PhD student is a massive advantage as you will always be motivated to push the boundaries of your research. Possessing an advanced degree in a field your are genuinely interested in can also help shape your career path and help you land your dream job.

Transferable Skills

PhD students are widely in demand for their wide range of skills they develop during their studies. Not only do these skills extend beyond that obtained by an undergraduate counterpart, but the transferability of the skills is what makes them stand out amongst employers.

Professional Networking

To successfully undertake a PhD, it’s paramount to have a good working relationship with your PhD supervisor and other students in your laboratory, workshop, or department. This relationship will also extend to undertaking short-term collaborative projects, delivering joint conferences and co-authoring research papers. The modern doctorate needs to demonstrate effective team working, collaboration and networking to be successful in their chosen field. This skill is highly sought by all employers, as open and effective communication is key to any project.

Publication

Although publishing isn’t a requirement of all PhD projects, all students will have the opportunity to produce technical or informative texts, regardless of whether it’s in the form of reports or academic journal articles.

The preparation, research, writing, and editing of such texts demonstrate your ability to amalgamate information and communicate complex ideas. Regardless of an employer’s field, the ability to record and summarise essential information is a fundamental skill they look for. Demonstrating you’re capable of delivering factual documents will help set you apart from colleagues, which will help make strides in your career.

Research Skills

One of the most valued skills you’ll gain during your PhD study is the ability to undertake original research. Not only does this demonstrate you are able to think independently, but also that you are prepared to take on responsibility and can contribute original ideas to the workplace. In undertaking a PhD, you will prove yourself as a professional expert in this area, making you a suitable candidate for research jobs.

Data analysis

A PhD programme, in particular a STEM PhD project, is likely to involve identifying, managing and analysing large amounts of complex information. In addition to this, you could be required to assimilate this information in an appropriate and understandable format. Because of this a data driven doctorate degree is highly desirable in numerical industries such as banking and engineering.

Public Speaking

In today’s industries, excellent oral communication skills are becoming more and more essential. Although many individuals struggle with this skill, as a PhD graduate, you’re more likely to excel in this area. This is because of the many public speaking opportunities you’ll be exposed to during your course. Through conference talks, presentations, and posters, you’ll learn to become confident and engaging when speaking to a broad audience. You’ll also showcase to future employers that you know how to present complex ideas and defend them.

Project management

Even if your career goal isn’t to become a project manager, all jobs require some project management. Fortunately, PhDs are a project management exercise. To complete your thesis, you must design a project, establish a realistic timetable, manage stakeholders and overcome failures. While attempting to achieve the long-term goal set out by the PhD, you must also set, manage, and achieve short-term goals to make progress.

This scenario accurately represents any modern workplace. You’ll be given the autonomy to manage your projects and workload and be expected to do so at a competent level. With this in mind, PhD holders can show they are more than capable of managing a team, and in doing so broaden their career options when entering the job market.

Critical Thinking

Every doctoral student will gain unparalleled skills in exercising critical thinking. This is due to having been trained to address problems, identify connections and analyse information to come to sensible conclusions. A critical thinker is exceptionally beneficial for any industry.

Co-operation

Nearly all careers place a strong emphasis on team working and interpersonal skills. Although producing a PhD thesis is an individual task, to complete your doctoral degree you’ll need to collaborate with others, whether it be to conduct experiments, collect data, operate as part of a larger research group or co-write manuscripts. To complete these tasks, you must know how to divide the task, share with others, communicate effectively, and resolve conflicts. All these skills carry over to any workplace, not just those in an academic position. By demonstrating that you can work as part of a team, you’ll significantly increase your desirability for any role.

Many prospective PhD students see a future in academia. Strong communication skills are essential in this line of work as in addition to giving lectures you may be involved in the supervision of graduate students during their final year projects.

As a graduate student you will have spent the last few years in university and likely have some student debt. A doctorate programme is a further large financial commitment, in particular if you self-fund your studies which can take 3-5 years to complete as a full time PhD student. Even if you secure a funded PhD, the available living stipend will comparatively be less than you would potentially earn if you had gone into employment instead. Part time PhD programmes also worth looking at for PhD candidates, as they allow researchers to work during their PhD course who can then spend their earnings towards their living costs and tuition fees.

In analysing the career prospects and transferable skills gained in undertaking a PhD degree, it is clear that pursuing a PhD is an extremely worthwhile venture.

You will develop deep knowledge in your research area which gives you an advantage when applying to academic jobs (for example a professor or research advisor/PostDoc). During your doctoral years you’ll also gain many skills valued in any career path, from problem solving, to managing tasks and communicating complex ideas. Possessing a PhD correlates to higher median salaries, and can aid career progression as a PhD holder can use their specialist skills to seek out unique opportunities in industry. These skills, combined with the new roles that open up for doctorate holders, such as working within innovative Research and Development teams, presents an exciting and prosperous future.

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Is a PhD worth it now in 2023? [the data]

Deciding to pursue a PhD is a decision not to be taken lightly. Whether or not it is worth it for you depends on a number of circumstances such as your career goals, financial stability, stage in life, support networks, interest in the subject, ability to self-motivate and so much more.

Arguably, for most people, a PhD is not worth it. If you want to enter academia you have no other option than to do a PhD. However, there is often a much better return on investment from other educational pathways such as master’s, professional degrees and work experience.

For some people, the act of getting a PhD is more than for financial return or reward. They have a deep connection with the subject and want to research it. They are willing to put up with the sacrifices required to do a PhD because of their drive for a particular research field.

 These types of researchers are relatively rare.

This article will go through everything you need to know about whether or not PhD is worth it in 2023 and the most important things you should consider before launching into your PhD application process.

Should I Get A PhD?

Deciding whether or not to pursue a doctoral degree is a huge life decision. It can easily take up to 7 years to get a PhD in some countries.

This is a time when others are laying the foundations of their life and have a job starting to build up experience in their professional field.

Doing a PhD delays adult life for most young PhD students.

PhD regret is a real thing and in my youtube video, I share all of the things you need to be aware of when making the decision to do a PhD.

Study referenced in the video: click here.

A doctorate requires an immense amount of work and dedication. And therefore you need to be absolutely certain it is the right decision for you.

If you have a passion for:

• teaching at a university,
• public service,
• or your job has pay scales that can only be reached with a PhD

then getting a PhD may be a perfect choice.

On the other hand, if you are looking for career advancement opportunities or increased earning potential, then it might not be right for you.

There are other options such as a Masters, graduate diploma, or work experience that could potentially open more career advancement opportunities.

If you want to know more about PhDs check out my other articles:

• How long does it take to get a PhD? Complete a PhD quickly
• How long does it take to get a PhD part time? Complete a PhD on your own time. 
• How difficult is it to get a PhD? The real doctorate struggles.

Is getting your PhD worth it for your career?

A PhD is certainly worth it for many careers, especially those in academia, research and education.

A PhD provides you with the skills to:

• perform academic research independently,
• write for peer-reviewed publications,
• present findings to peers
• manage a multi-year project with multiple stakeholders
• teach undergraduate classes
• and much more

These skills are incredibly valuable and well compensated in some careers .

It is also important to consider that a PhD can also help you develop specialized skills and knowledge that are highly valued in certain industries, such as data science and analytics.

A PhD can open up doors to new opportunities that undergraduate and masters degrees do not.

However, a PhD doesn’t necessarily mean that you are going to be compensated better in the workplace with a higher salary.

Let’s take a look at whether or not a PhD is worth it for your finances.

Is a PhD worth it for your finances? Whether a PhD will boost your bank balance. 

Whether or not a PhD is worth it for your finances highly depends on what you’re using your PhD for.

In my experience, a PhD does not guarantee higher wages upon graduation. In fact, it is often a better return on your investment to get a master’s degree and a couple of years of experience in a career to maximise your earning potential.

This is backed up with data.

You can see in the graph below that, on average, the maximum earnings someone can make is with a Masters or professional degree.

Across all of the different subject areas, it is often better to get a professional degree that is directly related to your career rather than pursue a PhD.

It takes many more years to get a PhD and quite bluntly – it does not make financial sense to do a PhD.

For many, the stipend associated with being a PhD student can help to pay for grad school and other expenses during their studies but there is a huge shortfall compared to the wage if you had started a job.

Even if you don’t go into academia, many companies recognize the value of having a PhD but may not offer a financial benefit.

Why is a PhD a bad idea for most people?

Arguably, a PhD is a bad idea for most people because it requires a tremendous amount of time, effort and money to complete, and there are very few job opportunities in academia available.

Also, as we have seen above, it is quite often not financially sensible to pursue a PhD.

Many students embark on a PhD program with the expectation that they will get an academic job upon completion of their studies, but this is not guaranteed. And, is in fact, the exception.

The competition for postdocs and other academic jobs is high and there is no guarantee of job security once you get one.

Having an undergraduate degree already makes you eligible for many jobs outside academia so getting a PhD may not be the best use of your time or resources.

For all these reasons, many people opt out of getting a PhD and pursue alternative career pathways.

What are the Risks of Getting a PhD?

Earning a PhD can be costly both in terms of time and money, and it may take several years to complete a successful doctoral program.

Also, there are many other risks and costs associated with getting a PhD that are not talked about.

These include:

• return on investment
• opportunity cost
• reduced earning potential in early years
• reduce networking with professionals
• and many more.

In my YouTube video below I talk about whether or not get a PhD is worth the effort:

Furthermore, there are risks associated with getting a PhD. One risk is that the long timeframe of earning a PhD may lead to burnout or fatigue for the PhD student.

Another risk is the fact that the value of a particular Ph.D may fluctuate over time, so it’s important to consider whether or not the Ph.D will be worth it in the long run.

There’s always a risk that humanity’s understanding of certain fields could change suddenly, rendering an individual’s doctoral degree obsolete or less valuable than anticipated.

For these reasons and more, individuals considering getting a PhD should evaluate their options carefully before making such an important commitment.

Have you thought realistically about your job prospects?

Some people can get very excited thought of doing a PhD. However, this excitement is incredibly short-lived once they realize that there are no job prospects upon graduation.

When considering job prospects, it is important to think realistically about the opportunities available for when you graduate.

For many PhD students, the dream is to secure a tenure-track position in academia. However, this can be difficult with so many PhDs vying for limited positions in universities and colleges.

Therefore, it is important to consider other options outside of academia as well. This isn’t something that many young PhD students want to hear – but it is where most of them will end up.

Many PhDs have found success in fields such as healthcare, finance, and technology.

Additionally, some PhDs have even gone into non-traditional fields such as teaching English abroad or starting their own business.

I chose the pack of starting my own business and have had a much more fulfilling life and satisfaction from that than I ever did during my years in academia.

No matter what path you choose after completing your PhD, it’s important to remember that there are many opportunities out there for PhD students – both inside and outside of academia.

They may not be obvious at the beginning – just keep searching into you find one that excites you.

PhD Degree Alternatives

There are many alternatives to getting a PhD that can still lead to successful career paths in different fields.

Sure, they may not be as prestigious. They may not even be particularly exciting – but for your career, they offer a much better return on your investment both in terms of time and money.

 We have seen, above, that it is actually much better to settle into a career with a Masters and then upskill with various professional degrees until you reach your desired earning potential.

It PhD is not a guaranteed ticket to a higher-paying job – building up credibility and experience in a particular role is.

There are many other degree alternatives including:

• graduate diplomas
• professional degrees
• vocational courses
• a much more

that can help boost your earning potential.

However, there truly is no alternative to a PhD if you want hard-core research experience and to open up the career pathway to lecturing and research.

For people that want to enter academia I often say that they should have a fallback plan so that when their ideas of becoming a researcher fall away they have a comfortable and realistic backup plan that they would enjoy.

You’ll be amazed how many people don’t know what they would do if they won’t in academia. In today’s highly competitive world that is not good enough.

It is important to explore all of one’s options before committing to pursuing a PhD degree so that they can make an informed decision about their future career path.

Wrapping up

This article has been through everything you need to know about whether or not a PhD is worth it now and all of the important questions you need to ask yourself.

You need to look at your career goals, the financial gains you expect to make with a PhD and what other opportunities open up upon graduation.

However, there are some extreme costs that come with letting a PhD including reduced earning potential for many years, stressing and anxiety, reduction in professional experience, and many others which will need to be addressed if you decide to go down the postgraduate PhD route.

Whatever you decide I hope that this article has provided you with enough formation to help make a decision one way or another.

Dr Andrew Stapleton has a Masters and PhD in Chemistry from the UK and Australia. He has many years of research experience and has worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow and Associate at a number of Universities. Although having secured funding for his own research, he left academia to help others with his YouTube channel all about the inner workings of academia and how to make it work for you.

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Is a Business Management Degree Worth It?

Author: University of North Dakota July 15, 2024

Some are said to be natural leaders, radiating confidence and charisma that effortlessly draws others to them.

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Yet, the truth is that leadership is not merely a trait one is born with; it is also a skill that can be cultivated and nurtured. Take, for instance, Lauren McCreary , a UND alumna who has always considered herself more of a follower. Through her journey in UND's business management program, Lauren transformed, learning the essentials of leadership and proving that with the right education and environment, anyone can emerge as a leader.

McCreary's transformation from follower to leader raises an important question: Is a business management degree worth it? Read on to find out as we explore the true value of a business management degree and consider whether it might be your key to unlocking leadership potential. As Lauren herself advises, "You just can't let the fear stop you from trying. You have to put yourself out there."

What is a Business Management Degree?

A business management degree is an academic program designed to help students understand the core aspects of business operations and management. This degree typically focuses on areas such as leadership, decision-making, and strategic planning, with a strong emphasis on applying these skills across various business functions.

At the undergraduate level, a business management degree encompasses a broad curriculum that prepares students for effective organizational leadership and operational management. Courses often cover topics like data analysis, sharpening the student's ability to make informed decisions based on statistical information and business reports. Students also learn to assess company performance, develop strategic objectives, and implement business strategies effectively.

Additionally, the Business Management degree program at the University of North Dakota emphasizes practical skills crucial in the modern business environment. These include managing technology and projects, overseeing budgets, and optimizing work processes. Students are trained to motivate and develop staff, manage dynamic teams, and enhance organizational efficiency. 

Beyond the bachelor's degree, opportunities for advanced studies in business management are abundant, with many institutions also offering master's and doctoral programs. These graduate degrees allow students to specialize further and develop expertise in areas of interest within business management, preparing them for higher-level strategic roles or academic and research-oriented careers.

Addressing factors like career opportunities, industry relevance, return on investment, and more can best explain the value and benefits of pursuing a business management degree. So, let's explore these aspects to determine whether this degree is worth it.

Career Opportunities

Firstly, and most importantly, a business management degree provides opportunities for employment in a wide array of career paths. This degree equips students with versatile skills applicable in numerous fields, making it a valuable asset for those aiming to excel in business. Graduates can pursue roles such as:

• General manager - Overseeing daily operations, managing staff, and implementing company policies.
• Marketing manager - Developing marketing strategies, managing campaigns, and analyzing market trends.
• Financial analyst - Assessing financial data, preparing reports, and advising on investment decisions.
• Human resources manager - Recruiting, training, and managing employee relations.
• Operations manager - Improving efficiency, managing supply chains, and overseeing production processes.
• Entrepreneur - Starting and managing a new business, from idea conception to execution.
• Project manager - Leading projects, ensuring they are completed on time and within budget.

Industry Relevance

Staying current with industry trends is essential in the business world. This is why business management programs are designed to address the industry's evolving needs by integrating contemporary theory with practical applications.

Students in these programs are trained to navigate new technologies, adapt to rapidly changing market conditions, and implement innovative strategies that can drive business success. For instance, courses often cover topics like digital marketing, data analytics, and sustainable business practices, reflecting the latest industry developments. This approach prepares graduates to be agile and proactive, qualities that are highly valued in today's fast-paced business environment.

Networking Opportunities

Universities provide extensive networking opportunities for business management students, which are essential for career development. Through internships, industry events, and professional connections, students access valuable contacts and insights that can significantly impact their career trajectories.

Internships allow students to gain practical experience while making professional connections in their chosen fields. These experiences can often lead to job offers post-graduation, as employers prefer to hire individuals who have proven their capabilities during internships. Industry events like conferences, seminars, and workshops offer platforms for students to interact with industry leaders, learn about the latest trends, and discuss potential career opportunities.

Additionally, universities often have strong alumni networks and partnerships with successful businesses. These connections give students access to mentors, job openings, and industry-specific advice that can help them navigate their career paths more effectively. By leveraging these networking opportunities, students can build relationships that help them secure their first jobs and provide ongoing support and guidance throughout their careers.

Return on Investment

The cost of obtaining a business management degree can be substantial, encompassing tuition fees, books, and other associated expenses. However, the potential financial benefits often far outweigh this initial investment. Graduates with a business management degree can pursue high-paying careers, with many roles offering six-figure salaries, particularly in upper management and executive positions. 

For instance, roles such as financial manager , marketing manager , and operations manager often come with lucrative compensation packages. Additionally, the demand for skilled business professionals means that job prospects are generally strong, with opportunities for advancement and salary increases over time.

Alternative Paths

Lastly, while some individuals may succeed through internships, certifications, or self-directed learning, these paths can be less structured and more uncertain than obtaining a business management degree. 

Although flexible and often cost-effective, self-directed learning requires a high degree of self-motivation and discipline. It also lacks the formal recognition that a degree provides, which can be a significant disadvantage in a competitive job market. Employers often look for candidates with formal education credentials, as degrees serve as a standardized measure of knowledge and competence.

In contrast, a business management degree provides a structured and systematic approach to learning, covering a wide range of essential business topics and skills. It offers a clear pathway to career advancement, with the added benefits of networking opportunities, internships, and career support services.

Business Management: Career Opportunities and Salaries

The average annual wage for managers, including business managers, is $116,880 , reflecting the high value placed on their skills and expertise in various industries. The field of business management offers a wide range of career opportunities, each with different salary potentials. 

In business management, career advancement often leads to higher-paying roles. As professionals climb the corporate ladder, they might move into executive positions where they are responsible for major decision-making and organizational strategy. These top-tier roles come with higher salaries and greater responsibilities, making the business management field both lucrative and impactful. So, although roles such as operations manager, marketing manager, and human resources manager offer substantial earnings, top executive positions, including chief executive officer (CEO) and chief operating officer (COO), command exceptionally high salaries.

How Long Does it Take to Get a Business Management Degree?

Obtaining a business management degree requires a significant time commitment, but the duration can vary depending on the level of the degree and the type of program. A bachelor's degree in business management usually takes about four years of full-time study to complete. For those pursuing a master's degree, the time frame is generally around two additional years beyond the bachelor's degree, although some accelerated programs may shorten this to 12-18 months. For individuals aiming for a doctorate, such as a Ph.D. or DBA (Doctor of Business Administration), it can take an additional three to five years of study.

The time required can also vary based on the program format. Part-time programs extend the duration but provide flexibility for working professionals, while accelerated programs are designed for those who want to enter the field more quickly. This variability in program length is beneficial as it allows individuals to choose a path that best fits their personal and professional circumstances.

Imagine a company without business managers—teams would lack direction, projects would be uncoordinated, and organizational chaos would ensue. Business management is crucial for maintaining order, driving efficiency, and ensuring that business goals are met. This career path is excellent. And, while it largely depends on individual interests and goals, a business management degree is generally worth it as it equips you with the skills and knowledge needed for a successful business career.

At UND, our programs are designed to be the key to your success, offering comprehensive education and practical experience to prepare you for the dynamic world of business management. Start your journey with UND and lead the way to a successful future in business management—because great leaders create great enterprises.

Does business management have a good future? ( Open this section)

Yes, business management has a promising future. Employment in management occupations is projected to grow faster than the average for all occupations from 2022 to 2032.

What business degree pays the most? ( Open this section)

Typically, an MBA or degrees specializing in finance, entrepreneurship, or executive leadership tend to offer the highest salaries as they provide more specialized knowledge than undergraduate options.

What are the four types of business management? ( Open this section)

The four primary types of business management are financial management, production management, IT management, and design management.

What is the highest-paying job with a business degree? ( Open this section)

Although CEOs aren't exactly managers, this role can be pursued through a business degree and experience, among other qualifications, making it one of the top-paying positions in the business field.

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Microsoft is changing how it delivers Windows updates: 4 things you need to know

Microsoft is about to make a significant change to how it delivers security updates and new features for Windows 11 . You can still expect to see a single update package on the second Tuesday of each month (aka Patch Tuesday), but instead of a single update file that grows larger every month, Microsoft is introducing what it calls "checkpoint cumulative updates."

In a post on the Windows IT Pro Blog , Microsoft's Maliha Qureshi explains that the goal of the new update concept is to make the monthly routine "smaller, faster, and more sustainable," especially for administrators in large organizations.

Also: When Windows 10 support runs out, you have 5 options but only 2 are worth considering

Under the new delivery system, the post explains, Microsoft might periodically release cumulative updates as checkpoints. Subsequent updates would then consist of smaller update package files that contain "incremental binary differentials against the version of binaries in the last checkpoint."

Over its supported lifecycle, a Windows release might have several of these checkpoints. Starting with Windows 11, version 24H2, Microsoft says, the servicing stack (the code that manages the process of downloading and installing Windows updates) will be able to "merge all the checkpoints and only download and install content that's missing on the device."

If you think that sounds confusing, you're not alone. Fortunately, there's time to figure out exactly how it's going to work. The new system won't be publicly available until the end of the year, as part of Windows 11, version 24H2. The first release in this new format is going out as part of this week's Windows Insider Dev Channel release.

If you own one or more Windows PCs, here are four things you need to know about the new update format.

1. Checkpoint updates should be smaller and easier to manage

Today, monthly Windows updates are cumulative. The update package delivered on Patch Tuesday each month contains all the fixes that were in the previous month's cumulative update, along with whatever new features and fixes Microsoft is delivering that month.

That system has the advantage that you only ever need to install the latest cumulative update, even on a system that's been out of service for months. This design also means that, inevitably, those update packages get bigger and bigger every month. Since each new version of Windows 11 is supported for two full years, those packages can get pretty large.

Also: 7 ways to make Windows 11 less annoying

For example, the July 2023 cumulative update package for x64 systems running Windows 11 version 22H2 was 302MB. Over the course of the next year, each monthly update added some bulk, and by the end of the year, the December 2023 update was more than double that size, at 622.5MB. The July 2024 update package has grown to 728.7MB in size.

Each Windows PC has to download and install each of those successively larger updates, a time-consuming process. Over the course of the first seven months of 2024, every Windows 11 PC owner has had to deal with more than 4.8GB of updates. Multiply that by a billion or more PCs, and that's a lot of bandwidth!

Using checkpoint updates, by contrast, you could have installed a 622MB package in December that brought the system up to date. Update packages for succeeding months would be less than 100MB each, on average, cutting the total download burden by 80% or more.

2. The new update packages are only available to beta testers today

As I mentioned earlier, Microsoft is rolling out the new servicing stack as part of Windows 11, version 24H2. If you've enrolled a PC in the Windows Insider Dev Channel, you can see the results in Preview Build 26120.1252.

Also:  Windows 11: Do these six things right away after you finish setup

These changes won't be available to members of the Windows Insider Program who are enrolled in the Beta or Release Preview channels, and most members of the public won't see the 24H2 release until sometime in 2025.

3. You probably won't notice the change

If you manage the PCs in your home and business using Windows Update, you probably won't notice any change even after it takes effect in Windows 11, version 24H2. Unless you've changed the default settings, Windows will install the Patch Tuesday updates just as it normally does. It's possible that those monthly updates will go faster, but even if you're paying close attention, you're not likely to notice until the first checkpoint update hits the Windows Update servers sometime in mid- to late 2025.

The story's a little different for IT pros and network administrators who manage updates for many Windows PCs over a corporate network. Those poor souls will need to keep track of checkpoints and subsequent updates and make sure they're delivered properly using whatever update tool they've deployed. Microsoft's management products should do a good job of sequencing those updates, but admins have a right to be skeptical and to test thoroughly before widely deploying the 24H2 release.

4. This won't affect Windows 10 users at all

If you've decided to stick with Windows 10 , checkpoint updates are a non-issue. As long as you've installed the final supported release of Windows 10, version 22H2, you'll continue getting cumulative updates in the traditional format until the end-of-support date in October 2025. You'll need to continue installing one of those large cumulative updates (the latest x64 package is roughly 650MB in size) every month.

Also:  11 Windows touchpad tricks to help you work faster and smarter

After that date, you can choose your Windows 10 update strategy , but no matter which option you select, it won't involve checkpoints.

When Windows 10 support runs out, you have 5 options but only 2 are worth considering

Apple overhauls icloud for windows with new features and fixes, crowdstrike caused windows outage chaos for airports, banks, and more. here's what happened.

Online footprint ties gunman’s father to gun marketplaces

Police officials called it an AR-15. An ATF agent called it “nothing special.” But the rifle at the center of countless controversies is now at the center of the attempt to assassinate former President Donald Trump.

An AR-15-style rifle was found next to the body of Thomas Matthew Crooks , the 20-year-old authorities say wounded Trump and others and left one man dead in Butler County, Pennsylvania. 

An FBI official said Sunday that the bureau believes the rifle, using 5.56 ammunition , was purchased legally by Crooks' father, Matthew Crooks. The official, on a call with reporters, said he did not know whether Crooks had permission to use the weapon.

The Crooks family’s digital footprint is small, but some of their few online tracks tie them to internet marketplaces that buy or sell guns. 

According to data from a website breach reviewed by USA TODAY, Crooks’ father, Matthew Crooks, made a purchase in 2020 from Botach, a website that describes itself as one of the leading retailers of tactical supplies used in law enforcement, the military and home defense. 

The leaked data do not show the specific items purchased or the transaction amount, so it is unclear whether Matthew Crooks' purchase was a firearm. The Botach website advertises a variety of semi-automatic rifles and many other goods.

The data was hacked from Eye4Fraud.com, said Megan Squire, deputy director of the Southern Poverty Law Center who provided USA TODAY an excerpt showing the purchase. Eye4Fraud.com is a company that screens online purchases on behalf of e-commerce merchants for potential fraudulent activity. Its data was hacked in February 2023 and posted to the dark web earlier this year. 

It is unknown who hacked or posted the data, Squire said. The data shows only the one purchase by Matthew Crooks.

Matthew Crooks could not be reached in repeated phone calls Saturday and Sunday. 

About the shooting: FBI says gunman acted alone, used gun purchased by father

The Associated Press, citing law enforcement sources, reported the rifle was purchased by Matthew Crooks at least six months ago.

Seven months ago, a Gmail account using the name Matthew Crooks posted a review for a licensed gun reseller in Nevada called CashMyGuns.com. The reviewer praised the business as "the easiest way to get rid of unwanted firearms" and recommended it to others.

Multiple data brokers connected that Gmail account to a person named Matthew B. Crooks. Information in the Google profile aligns with Matthew Crooks' geographic location, showing other reviews for businesses in the Pittsburgh area, including in Bethel Park, where public records and neighbors’ interviews show the Crooks family lives. 

Botach did not respond to requests for comment over the weekend. John Dunlap, president of Dunlap Gun Buyers, which runs CashMyGuns.com, said in a statement that the company does not disclose customer information to the public but fully cooperates with law enforcement and follows strict regulations to ensure the lawful sale and transfer of firearms.

The purchase record and online posting suggest "gun culture was in the home," Squire said. "When we see this at SPLC, it just starts setting off a lot of the same flags that we see all day, every day with the folks and groups that we study."

Who was the gunman? What we know about Thomas Crooks

The gun used in the shooting

An AR-15 rifle is relatively common in the U.S. About 1 in 20 adults in the nation own one, according to The Washington Post .

The AR-15 is a semi-automatic rifle, meaning one bullet is fired each time the trigger is pulled and the gun automatically loads another bullet. An automatic rifle – illegal to own in most states – can continuously fire bullets as long as the trigger is held down.

Thomas Crooks fired at Trump from a rooftop at the crowded rally where the former president was speaking, according to Secret Service spokesperson Anthony Guglielmi. He is believed to have fired multiple rounds before he was shot and killed by a Secret Service sniper.

“It was nothing special,” said Joseph Price, special agent in charge of the ATF in Pittsburgh, of the weapon used by the shooter.

In an interview in the parking lot of the Butler Township Municipal Building on Sunday morning, Price said investigators were still determining how many shots had been fired.

Crooks' immediate family members could not be reached as of Sunday afternoon, though CNN reported his father told the outlet Saturday he was trying to figure out “what the hell is going on” but would speak to law enforcement before making additional statements.

Crooks' home address is listed in Bethel Park, at a three-bedroom brick house that has been owned since 1998 by Matthew and Mary Crooks. Telephone calls to the couple were not returned overnight. County voter records show Matthew Crooks is registered to vote as a Libertarian; Thomas Crooks was registered as a Republican. 

Gun laws in Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania has stricter gun laws than many states, according to Everytown for Gun Safety , a national nonprofit that pushes for gun control in the U.S. The group described Saturday's shooting as “an unacceptable and tragic reminder of our nation’s gun violence crisis“ in a statement that evening.

Background checks including mental health records are required before buying a handgun, license to carry permits are required to possess a concealed gun ( more than 1.6 million have been issued ), and guns are not allowed on some public properties and cannot be possessed by people convicted of hate crimes, violent misdemeanors, domestic abuse and stalking.

Still, the Everytown nonprofit said Pennsylvania is “missing several foundational gun laws.“ The state does not require background checks for rifle sales through private sellers, for instance, according to the gun violence prevention nonprofit Giffords Law Center .

Just nine states have passed laws outlawing possession of certain semiautomatic rifles commonly called assault weapons, such as AR-15 rifles. Pennsylvania is not among them, unlike neighboring states Delaware, Maryland, New York and New Jersey. Training and waiting periods are not required ahead of gun purchases, along with high-capacity magazines and reporting of lost or stolen firearms.

Gun safety at Trump rallies

Trump has made gun owners a key portion of the electorate he hopes to land in November's presidential election.

He's received an endorsement from the pro-firearm National Rifle Association , which called the former president “a powerful champion in the White House who always fought for our constitutional right to keep and bear arms“ in a May statement. And speaking at an NRA forum this spring , he pledged to protect gun access if he regained the presidency.

Gun control measures are in place at his public rallies.

What went wrong? How did Secret Service allow shooter to get so close to Trump?

Attendees of Saturday's event were required to pass through metal detectors and take part in bag inspections, a standard at Trump events. Guns were not allowed, according to a list of prohibited items shared with rally-goers published by The Philadelphia Inquirer , along with items such as fireworks, noisemakers and laser pointers. Similar measures were in place during a gun scare at a Trump rally in 2016 in Nevada – the then-candidate was rushed off stage that night but returned minutes later to continue his speech.

Still, gun control measures at the gates didn't prevent Saturday's shooting because Crooks was perched on a rooftop just outside of the rally grounds. A USA TODAY analysis found the shooter was about 150 yards away from the stage where Trump was speaking.

Security experts told USA TODAY that investigations of the deadly shooting must focus on whether security protocols were violated, noting that the shooter gained access well within the range of an accurate sniper . 

The attendee killed in Saturday's shooting has been identified by authorities as Corey Comperatore, a firefighter who lived in Pennsylvania.

Trump was injured in the shooting but was released from a local hospital late Saturday night. He's expected to be in attendance in Milwaukee this week at the Republican National Convention.

Online photos of Thomas Crooks at the rally Saturday appear to show him wearing a shirt for a high-profile YouTube channel called Demolition Ranch, whose Facebook page says it is “dedicated to making you smile with guns.”

“The idea of a disaffected 20-year-old who has too much access to guns and a lot of time on their hands, spending it on YouTube gun channels – that's really common," Squire said, "and sadly leads to this kind of violence we've seen before.”

Contributing: Will Carless, Stephanie Warsmith, Aysha Bagchi

The potential benefits of college

The cost of college, other factors to consider, is college worth it a balanced look at the pros and cons.

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• College can be worth the cost, time, and commitment, though numerous factors should be considered. 
• You'll get a better financial return on investment with certain degrees more than others.
• Determining the true price of college is hard, as all schools present costs and aid differently

Increased earning potential

Research shows that a college education is linked to higher earnings over your lifetime. Higher education is correlated with better pay at every level. And a bachelor's degree is worth $2.8 million on average over a lifetime, according to a Georgetown University study. 

Bachelor's degree holders earn 31% more than those with an associate's degree and 84% more than those with just a high school diploma.

Career advancement opportunities

Since the economic recovery following the 2008 recession, degree holders have seen increased and better job opportunities than their peers without degrees:

• Since then, Bachelor's degree holders have gained 3.8 million jobs, while those with only a high school degree have gained 80,000.
• 95% of jobs created have required at least some college experience.
• College grads have access to 57% more opportunities than those without a degree.

Personal growth and development

College is where you develop not only your education, but also your personal skills and knowledge. Higher education helps develop communication and time management skills. You learn how to work as a team and be adaptable, resolve conflict, and adopt leadership and problem solving skills. These are soft skills that can't be found in textbooks.

Network building

The opportunity to network and meet people who could become of high importance throughout your career is one of the key benefits of college. An estimated 85% of jobs are found through networking. Networking is also good practice for learning to socialize and communicate appropriately and professionally.  

Tuition and fees

The cost of college has been rising for decades, outpacing the rate of inflation. Tuition and fees are higher every year because colleges face increased costs themselves for faculty salaries, campus infrastructure and operations, technology, administration, and more, according to Zach Bromley, a financial advisor at Broadway Graham Wealth Partners .

"This gets passed on to families through higher sticker prices," Bromley says. "This trajectory is problematic, making college less accessible and affordable for many families. Students are taking on more debt to finance their educations."

Student loan debt

The financial burden of repaying student loans can hinder borrowers' ability to save, invest, or purchase homes, says Andrew Latham, a CFP® professional. The stress associated with hefty debt can also adversely impact mental health. 

"On a broader spectrum, elevated levels of student loan debt can dampen consumer spending and delay financial independence, which has wider economic ramifications," Latham says.

Besides tuition, other costs include textbooks, housing, and supplies.

"The cost of textbooks has surged over the years, while housing expenses vary widely based on location, with both on-campus and off-campus housing presenting a significant cost," Latham says. "Furthermore, students incur additional expenses for supplies, lab fees, technology fees, and other miscellaneous costs, which can add up quickly. It's crucial for prospective students and their families to meticulously budget and explore all available financial aid and scholarship opportunities to alleviate the financial impact of these associated costs."

Opportunity cost

While tuition costs have risen sharply and outpaced inflation in recent decades, the difference in earnings between workers with and those without college has also increased.

The cost of a college degree is immediate. The benefits can take time to see and must be considered over a lifetime.

Your career goals

Going to college can be very expensive. And the return you get on that investment isn't guaranteed. It will depend greatly on the major you choose, your career goals, financial situation, and many other factors.

There's plenty of financial aid available for most students, though it can be difficult to get a grasp of just how much that could offset your cost as you start researching schools you might want to attend. There are also options beyond the traditional college degree that can lead to a happy professional experience and a good income.

Alternatives to college

If you decide against four-year college for any reason — even if temporarily — you have plenty of other options.

Not everyone is ready for college right after high school. Gap year options may include working and traveling abroad, taking on an internship or apprenticeship, or volunteering, says Suzanne Shaffer, a college counselor.

Community college

Community college can be a smart financial decision, and it could be a good fit for an undecided high schooler who is unsure of what kind of higher education to pursue. It's also a great way to save on tuition if they decide to transfer after completing courses. 

Trade or technical school

Trade and technical schools offer specific vocational training for a variety of skilled careers. Most require no more than two years of training. 

By 2030, The Manufacturing Institute and Deloitte found that manufacturers will need to fill 4 million jobs, 2.1 million of which could go unfilled if more people do not pursue modern manufacturing careers that require skilled work. 

Another option for young people is to spend time volunteering, which can help build character and learn the value of service. Many options are available through The Corporation for National & Community Service, The ACE Conservation Crew, and Global Routes.

The military has diverse branches and areas of service and can be a good option for those who aren't sure if they want to go to college after high school. Benefits include a salary, room and board, and paid college tuition through the GI Bill if you decide you do want to go to college after your military service is complete.

Still stuck? Maybe try reaching out to a career counselor.

Career counseling is a process that can help you get to know and understand yourself and the world of work in order to make career, educational, and life decisions, according to Boise State University's career services office. A counselor isn't just about helping to decide on a major and a job. It's a lifelong process as you change, your situation changes and life takes you in unexpected directions.

It's not worth going to college just to get any type of degree. Focus on degrees or skills in demand in the job market.

Some alternatives to a traditional four-year college include community college, online programs, trade schools, and bootcamps.

Whether or not college is still worth it depends on your career path and earning potential. Careful planning is key.

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