Accessibility Links

  • Skip to content
  • Skip to search IOPscience
  • Skip to Journals list
  • Accessibility help
  • Accessibility Help

Click here to close this panel.

Purpose-led Publishing is a coalition of three not-for-profit publishers in the field of physical sciences: AIP Publishing, the American Physical Society and IOP Publishing.

Together, as publishers that will always put purpose above profit, we have defined a set of industry standards that underpin high-quality, ethical scholarly communications.

We are proudly declaring that science is our only shareholder.

The Role of IT Audit in the Era of Digital Transformation

B R Aditya 1,2 , R Hartanto 1 and L E Nugroho 1

Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering , Volume 407 , International Conference on Informatics, Engineering, Science and Technology (INCITEST) 9 May 2018, Bandung, Indonesia Citation B R Aditya et al 2018 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 407 012164 DOI 10.1088/1757-899X/407/1/012164

Article metrics

6139 Total downloads

Share this article

Author e-mails.

[email protected]

Author affiliations

1 Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2 School of Applied Science, Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia

Buy this article in print

The purpose of this paper is to explain that the evolving digital transformation will automatically affect the role of IT audit. In the era of digital transformation, IT audit will become increasingly involved to ensure that IT implementation does not create unacceptable risks to the business. That way, the IT audit should have gained a favourable position as many companies are transforming the business as it is today. This research methodology use a qualitative approach by emphasizing the data analysis. The result of this research can contribute to the field of modern IT audit by presenting practical guidance for determining the role of IT audit in the era of digital transformation.

Export citation and abstract BibTeX RIS

Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence . Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

  • DOI: 10.1109/ICSTC.2018.8528627
  • Corpus ID: 53279888

Toward Modern IT Audit- Current Issues and Literature Review

  • B. Aditya , R. Ferdiana , P. Santosa
  • Published in International Conference on… 1 August 2018
  • Computer Science, Business

Figures and Tables from this paper

figure 1

2 Citations

It audit guidance: side by side comparison, estrategias de ia aplicada a la auditoria informática, 48 references, a delphi study into the audit challenges of it governance in the australian public sector, paradigm shift in information systems auditing.

  • Highly Influential

IT auditing activities of public sector auditors in Malaysia

The current state and future direction of it audit: challenges and opportunities, information technology audit in georgia, a study on audit information systems improved model based on public internal audit paradigm shift, a proposed information technology audit framework for microfinance kumasi, explaining the information systems auditor role in the public sector financial audit, information systems audit and continuous auditing in turkish capital markets, a review of expert system in information system audit, related papers.

Showing 1 through 3 of 0 Related Papers

it audit research papers

Working Paper: The Implications of IT Environment on the Audit and Financial Reporting Quality

Paper Authors: Jake Sigler,  Preeti Choudhary, and Vikram Ramadas

Abstract:  This study explores the impact IT complexity and IT control deficiencies have on the audit and financial reporting. We create and validate a new theory-based measure of IT financial reporting complexity at the client level. Next, we quantify the cost of IT complexity and IT control deficiencies on audit effort. We find that, on average, an increase of one (out of 18) on the client’s complexity score relates to an increase of 6% in IT audit hours. In comparison, the presence of an IT control deficiency relates to a 70% increase in IT audit hours. We further investigate and find that IT specialist experience partially mitigates the cost of IT complexity and IT control deficiencies, in particular, experienced IT managers and senior managers rather than experienced IT partners and directors. Finally, we find that experienced IT specialists are able to mitigate some but not all of the cost of IT complexity on financial reporting reliability. Overall, our results provide some of the first insight into complex IT environments’ costs over financial reporting and highlights the importance of staffing decisions at the manager level.

Download Paper

The economic research fellows and staff economists generate high-quality working papers that inform the oversight activities of the PCAOB and are disseminated to stimulate discussion and critical comment to the benefit of the public. Working papers are preliminary materials that have not been approved by the Board and reflect only the views of the author(s).

The research topics of economic research fellows, including a description of any nonpublic data sets required for research, are presented to the Board for approval and research papers are reviewed to confirm that the topic of the paper is consistent with the researcher's proposal. That review does not, however, encompass an evaluation of the conclusions reached by researchers.

IEEE Account

  • Change Username/Password
  • Update Address

Purchase Details

  • Payment Options
  • Order History
  • View Purchased Documents

Profile Information

  • Communications Preferences
  • Profession and Education
  • Technical Interests
  • US & Canada: +1 800 678 4333
  • Worldwide: +1 732 981 0060
  • Contact & Support
  • About IEEE Xplore
  • Accessibility
  • Terms of Use
  • Nondiscrimination Policy
  • Privacy & Opting Out of Cookies

A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity. © Copyright 2024 IEEE - All rights reserved. Use of this web site signifies your agreement to the terms and conditions.

The Impact of Data Analytics Use by Internal Auditors on the Reliability and Timeliness of Financial Reporting

Posted: 16 Mar 2023 Last revised: 23 May 2023

Romina Rakipi

West Virginia University

Giuseppe D'Onza

University of Pisa

Date Written: January 1, 2021

We examine the extent to which data analytics use by internal auditors is associated with improved financial reporting reliability and timeliness. We document a reduction in the likelihood and number of material weaknesses in internal controls over financial reporting, a reduction in the likelihood of restatements, and more timely earning announcements at firms with an extensive use of data analytics in internal audit. Additionally, we investigate and find a positive association between the use of different data analytics techniques and financial reporting reliability and timeliness. These findings are robust to controlling for a number of firm’s and other attributes, as well as when using entropy balanced samples and other subsample analyses. Our findings inform research and practitioners by providing initial empirical evidence of the benefits of data analytics use by internal auditors for financial reporting quality.

Keywords: Data analytics, financial reporting reliability, financial reporting timeliness, internal audit, audit committee

Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation

Romina Rakipi (Contact Author)

West virginia university ( email ).

P.O. Box 6025 Morgantown, WV 26506 United States

University of Pisa ( email )

Lungarno Pacinotti, 43 Pisa PI, 56126 Italy

Do you have a job opening that you would like to promote on SSRN?

Paper statistics, related ejournals, financial accounting ejournal.

Subscribe to this fee journal for more curated articles on this topic

Accounting, Corporate Governance, Law & Institutions eJournal

Accounting technology & information systems ejournal, innovation finance & accounting ejournal.

Page Tips

Home / Resources / IT Audit

A risk-based approach to it audit.

Tools and resources for Your IT Audit toolbox

  • Framework and Guides
  • Certification and Training
  • Featured Resources

Get expert guidance, research policies and procedures to stay ahead of the curve in your IT audit and assurance career.

Artificial Intelligence Audit Toolkit

Artificial Intelligence Audit Toolkit

As the use of AI increases and becomes more integral in enterprise product and service delivery, it will come under more audit scrutiny. Audit coverage and assessment techniques will need to be dynamic and multi-disciplinary to keep pace with the breakneck speed in advancement and continuous development of AI-enabled systems.

ISACA Cybersecurity Audit Program: Based on the NIST Cybersecurity Framework 2.0

ISACA Cybersecurity Audit Program: Based on the NIST Cybersecurity Framework 2.0

ISACA has updated its Cybersecurity Audit Program, adapted from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cybersecurity Framework 2.0 (released in February 2024).

Zero Trust Audit Program

Zero Trust Audit Program

Zero Trust is a security model that requires all users of an organization's network to be authenticated, authorized, reviewed, and validated periodically to ensure appropriate access privileges are granted and maintained and more importantly rights are deactivated when they are no longer needed to perform work duties.

Google Cloud Platform Audit Program

Google Cloud Platform Audit Program

With the continued growth and adoption of Google ® Cloud Platform (GCP ® ) now representing the third largest provider of cloud services, ISACA has developed an audit program that helps auditors assess and test control coverage adequacy and effectiveness of GCP ® services.

Identity and Access Management Audit Program

Identity and Access Management Audit Program

The ISACA Identity and Access Management Audit Program provides specific testing and evaluation criteria to assist auditors in assessing the adequacy of safeguards in place to mitigate IAM risks.

Audit Practitioner’s Guide to Machine Learning, Part 1

Audit Practitioner’s Guide to Machine Learning, Part 1: Technology

Machine learning (ML), a subset of artificial intelligence (AI), has been rapidly adopted by enterprises and governments around the world.

Audit Practitioner’s Guide to Machine Learning, Part 2

Audit Practitioner’s Guide to Machine Learning, Part 2: Compliance Risk

Physical and Environmental Security Audit Program

Physical and Environmental Security Audit Program

Cybersecurity and audit practitioners may talk in terms of physical security being a part of cybersecurity or physical security being a subset of cybersecurity. While there may be differences of opinion in how physical security is defined in terms of cybersecurity, there is agreement that physical security may be overlooked while digital threats are considered from many perspectives.

Database Audit Program

Database Audit Program

Databases, comprised of data and database management systems, store data so that they can be used by different programs without concern for the data structure or organization. The ability of databases to accommodate large volumes of data, has led databases to be widely adopted.

COBIT for DevOps Audit Program

COBIT for DevOps Audit Program

ISACA developed this audit program as a companion to COBIT Focus Area: DevOps, Using COBIT ® 2019. The focus area publication describes how COBIT framework concepts apply to DevOps and is intended to help enterprises evaluate management practices important to the development of an effective governance system over DevOps.

VPN Security Audit Program

VPN Security Audit Program

Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) are relied on to give remote workers access to the corporate network securely. As the number of remote workers and the duration of remote work have increased (from remote working being temporary to potentially permanent), awareness of VPNs has grown. Now, enterprises are questioning how secure VPNs are.

Advance your expertise and add to your career potential or enterprise skillset with training developed and delivered by the experts in IT audit.

Certified information systems auditor (cisa).

The CISA certification is world-renowned as the standard of achievement for those who audit, control, monitor and assess an organization’s information technology and business systems. This certification is a must have for entry to mid-career IT professionals looking for leverage in career growth. The CISA exam is now available via remote proctoring!

CISA Exam Prep from ISACA

Whether you prefer to prep on your own time or with the additional guidance and interaction that comes with live, expert instruction, ISACA has the right test prep solutions for every professional. Choose what works for your schedule and your studying needs.

View IT Audit Publications and Resources

Gain additional insight and guidance on leveraging the IT Audit framework to create and maintain the most effective techniques and understanding to manage IT Audit.

Poonam Gupta

European Union Artificial Intelligence Act: An Auditor’s Perspective

Organizations will need to identify the needed audit and governance resources and skill sets in order to make implementation of the EU AI Act successful.

Chidambaram Narayanan

The Numbers Whisper, But Stories Captivate: Rethinking Audit Communication

Auditors need to go beyond the cold, hard facts and incorporate time-tested storytelling methods to make their reports resonate more deeply with stakeholders.

Victor Fang

AI for Auditors: Challenges and Opportunities for Career Advancement

An ISACA training course on AI for auditors explores categories of AI algorithms that auditors will encounter, relevant regulations, how to audit third-party AI dependencies and more.

Patrick Trierweiler, A-LIGN Senior Consultant

The $8,000 SOC 2 Conundrum

While the typical cost of a standard SOC 2 audit is going down, the skill level required for auditors to effectively perform them is increasing.

Han Jumashov

Three Reasons Why You Should Not Wait to Take the CISA Exam

There are several benefits for rising IT auditors to take the CISA exam even before they have the full years of experience required to complete their certification.

Aleksei Panov

Performing an ATM Security Audit

In preparing for an ATM security audit, auditors will need to prioritize understanding core governance and business processes impacting ATM management.

Art Poghosyan

Audit Article

Managing compliance in 2024: best practices to secure cloud access and stay audit-ready.

Cloud engineering and security leaders can implement streamlined solutions to protect their online environments without compromising productivity—while still achieving compliance.

Quick Scoping: How to Easily Frame Your Environment from a Compliance Lens

Lessons learned from theft prevention in a retail environment have surprising relevance when it comes to compliance and access management.

Chidambaram Narayanan, Chartered Accountant, CISA, Azure Cybersecurity Architect Expert (SC-100)

Eight Things NOT To Do When Preparing for the CISA

Avoiding these light-hearted 'tips' for preparing for the CISA exam will put you in better position for a successful exam-day experience.

Ricky Hamilton

Auditing Social Engineering: A Practical Approach

By asking the right questions around people, processes and technical controls, auditors can gather the evidence and documentations they need to successfully audit social engineering.

ookeditse-kamau

‘Just for Control’: the True Power of Controls

Ill-designed controls can waste organizations' time and resources, so make sure implementing controls is more than just a power move.

Jordan Kassing

Five Controls to Consider When Auditing a Vendor Management Program

Vendor management is a fundamentally critical function that impacts an organization's operational success, efficiency, reputation and risk exposure.

Ozman Azab

Six Benefits of a Cybersecurity Audit (and 6 Steps to Perform One)

A cybersecurity audit empowers organizations of all sizes to help identify and mitigate their cybersecurity risk.

Adam Kohnke

Top Management Considerations for Zero Trust

A new zero trust audit program from ISACA can help organizations transition from traditional network security architectures to ones that are better equipped to handle the modern threat landscape.

Noam Koriat

Incorporating Agile Audit: Practical Tips

Establishing clear expectations and customizing the approach are among the steps that can facilitate a successful Agile audit implementation.

Fene Osakwe

Three Skills for Succeeding as an IT Auditor in the 21st Century

There are 3 skills that a modern IT auditor must possess to add value to the technology teams being audited and to avoid being seen through a negative lens by senior leadership.

MORE IT AUDIT RESOURCES

it audit research papers

Literature review on gender diversity in top management teams of companies and its relationship with firm performance and audit quality

  • Original Article
  • Published: 19 June 2024

Cite this article

it audit research papers

  • Maria Fátima Ribeiro Borges 1 ,
  • Graça Maria do Carmo Azevedo 1 &
  • Jonas Oliveira   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-5374-1062 2  

10 Accesses

Explore all metrics

This paper aims to review the literature on gender diversity on top management teams and its impact on firm’s performance and audit quality. Over the period of 1997–2023 a total of 125 published articles were identified. Main findings reveal that literature on gender diversity continues to be contradictory, inconsistent and inconclusive regarding its impacts on firm’s performance and audit quality, highlighting the need to intensify research on this field to validate empirically those relationships. The literature review informs researchers on other audiences about the main characteristics of the literature on gender diversity and identifies several research gaps in the area.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price includes VAT (Russian Federation)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Rent this article via DeepDyve

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

it audit research papers

Authoritarian leadership styles and performance: a systematic literature review and research agenda

it audit research papers

Meta-analyses on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): a literature review

it audit research papers

Unraveling the effects of cultural diversity in teams: A retrospective of research on multicultural work groups and an agenda for future research

Abdullah, S.N., and K.N.I.K. Ismail. 2016. Women directors, family ownership and earnings management in Malaysia. Asian Review of Accounting 24 (4): 525–550.

Article   Google Scholar  

Adams, R.B. 2016. Women on boards: The superheroes of tomorrow. The Leadership Quaterly 27 (3): 371–386.

Adams, R., and D. Ferreira. 2009. Women in the boardroom and their impact on governance and performance. Journal of Financial Economics 94 (2): 291–309.

Adusei, M. 2019. Board gender diversity and the technical efficiency of microfinance institutions: Does size matter? International Review of Economics and Finance 64: 393–411.

Ahern, K.R., and A.K. Dittmar. 2012. The changing of the boards: The impact on firm valuation of mandated female board representation. Quartely Journal of Economics 127 (1): 137–197.

Ali, M., Y.L. Ng, and C.T. Kulik. 2014. Board age and gender diversity: A test of competing linear and curvilinear predictions. Journal of Business Ethics 125 (3): 497–514.

Alvarado, N.R., P.D. Fuentes, and J. Laffarga. 2017. Does board gender diversity influence financial performance? Evidence from Spain. Journal of Business Ethics 141 (2): 337–350.

Alves, S. 2023a. Gender diversity on corporate boards and earnings management: Evidence for European Union listed firms. Cogent Business & Management 10 (1): 2193138.

Alves, S. 2023b. Do female directors affect accounting conservatism in European Union. Cogent Business & Management 10 (2): 2219088.

Ameen, E.C., D.M. Guffey, and J.J. McMillan. 1996. Gender differences in determining the ethical sensitivity of future accounting professionals. Journal of Business Ethics 15 (5): 591–597.

Anh, L.H.T., and N.V. Khuong. 2022. Gender diversity and earnings management behaviours in an emerging market: A comparison between regression analysis and FSQCA. Cogent Business & Management 9 (1): 2101243.

Antle, R., E. Gordon, G. Narayanamoorthy, and L. Zhou. 2006. The joint determination of audit fees, nonaudit fees, and abnormal accruals. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting 27 (3): 235–266.

Arun, T.G., Y.E. Almahrog, and Z.A. Aribi. 2015. Female directors and earnings management: evidence from UK companies. International Review of Financial Analysis 39: 137–146.

Ashbaugh, H., R. LaFond, and B.W. Mayhew. 2003. Do non-audit services compromise auditor independence? Further Evidence. Accounting Review 78 (3): 611–639.

Baghdadi, G.A., Md. Safiullah, and M.L.M. Heyden. 2023. Do gender diverse boards enhance managerial ability? Journal of Corporate Finance 79: 102364.

Bantel, K. 1993. Strategic clarity in banking: Role of top management-team demography. Psychological Reports 73 (3 Suppl.): 1187–1203.

Barua, A., L.F. Davidson, D.V. Rama, and S. Thiruvadi. 2010. CFO gender and accruals quality. Accounting Horizons 24 (1): 25–39.

Bebchuk, L.A., and M.S. Weisbach. 2010. The state of corporate governance research. Review of Financial Studies 23 (3): 939–961.

Becker, G. 1964. Human capital. A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Bennouri, M., T. Chtioui, H. Nagati, and M. Nekhili. 2018. Female board directorship and firm performance: What really matters? Journal of Banking and Finance 88: 267–291.

Bernardi, R.A., and D.F. Arnold. 1997. An examination of moral development within public accounting by gender, staff level, and firm. Contemporary Accounting Research 14 (4): 653–668.

Bernile, G., V. Bhagwat, and S. Yonker. 2018. Board diversity, firm risk, and corporate policies. Journal of Financial Economics 127 (3): 588–612.

Böhren, O., and R. Ström. 2010. Governance and politics: Regulating independence and diversity in the board room. Journal of Business Finance e Accounting 37 (9–10): 1281–1308.

Borghesi, R., K. Chang, and J. Mehran. 2016. Simultaneous board and CEO diversity: Does it increase firm value? Applied Economics Letters 23 (1): 23–26.

Brannon, L. (2017). Gender: psychological perspectives . Seventh Edition, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, New York and London

Bruckmümller, S., and N. Branscombe. 2010. The glass-cliff: When and why women are selected as leaders in crisis contexts. British Journal of Social Psychology 49 (3): 433–451.

Bui, A.T., C.V. Nguyen, T.P. Pham, and D.T. Phung. 2019. Female leadership and borrowing constraints: Evidence from an emerging economy. International Review of Financial Analysis 81: 101332.

Buniami, S., N.H. Johari, N.R.A. Radham, and F.H.A. Rauf. 2012. Board diversity and discretionary accruals of the top 100 Malaysia corporate governance (MCG) index company. African Journal of Business Management 6 (29): 8496–8503.

Google Scholar  

Burgess, Z., and P. Tharenou. 2002. Women board directors: Characteristics of the few. Journal of Business Ethics 37 (1): 39–49.

Burke, R. 2000. Company Size, board size and the numbers of women corporate directors. In Women on Corporate Boards of Directors , ed. R. Burke and M. Mattis, 157–167. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Chapter   Google Scholar  

Cabrera-Fernández, A., R. Martínez-Jiménez, and M. Hernández-Ortiz. 2016. Participação das mulheres nos conselhos de administração: Uma revisão da literatura. Revista Internacional De Género e Empreendedorismo 8 (1): 69–89.

Cadinu, M., A. Maass, A. Rosabianca, and J. Kiesner. 2005. Why do women underperform under stereotype threat? Evidence for the role of negative thinking. Psychologial Science 16 (7): 572–578.

Cahan, S.F., and J. Sun. 2015. The effect of audit experience on audit fees and audit quality. Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 30 (1): 78–100.

Campbell, K., and A. Mínguez-Vera. 2008. Gender diversity in the boardroom and firm financial performance. Journal of Business Ethics 83 (3): 435–451.

Campbell, K., and A. Mínguez-Vera. 2010. Female board appointments and firm valuation: Short and long term effects. Journal of Management & Governance 14 (1): 37–59.

Canil, J., S. Karpavicius, and C. Yu. 2019. Are shareholders gender neutral? Evidence from say to pay. Journal of Corporate Finance 58: 169–186.

Caramanis, C., and C. Lennox. 2008. Audit effort and earnings management. Journal of Accounting and Economics 45 (1): 116–138.

Carmo, C., S. Alves, and B. Quaresma. 2022. Women on boards in Portuguese listed companies: Does gender diversity influence financial performance. Sustainability 14 (10): 6186.

Carter, D.A., B.J. Simkins, and G.W. Simpson. 2003. Corporate governance, board diversity, and firm value. The Financial Review 38 (1): 33–53.

Carter, D.A., B.J. Simkins, F. D’Souza, and W.G. Simpson. 2007. The diversity of corporate boards committees and financial performance. SSRN 20: 1–30.

Chappel, L., and J.E. Humphrey. 2014. Does board gender diversity have a financial impact? Evidence using stock portfolio performance. Journal of Business Ethics 122 (4): 709–723.

Charles, M., and K. Bradley. 2009. Indulging our gendered selves ? Sex segregation by field of study in 44 countries. American Journal of Sociology 114 (4): 924–976.

Chen, H., J. Chen, G. Lobo, and Y. Wang. 2011. Effects of audit quality on earnings management and cost of equity capital: Evidence from China. Contemporary Accounting Research 28 (3): 892–925.

Chen, J., W.S. Leung, and M. Goergen. 2017. The impact of board gender composition on dividend payouts. Journal of Corporate Finance 43: 86–105.

Chen, C.W., N.K. Sutton, B. Yi, and Q. Zheng. 2023. The connection between gender diversity and firm performance: Evidence from Taiwan. International Review of Financial Analysis 89: 102763.

Chia, R., J. Moore, K. Lam, C.J. Chuang, and B.S. Cheng. 1994. Cultural differences in gender role attitudes between Chinese and American students. Sex Roles 31 (1–2): 23–30.

Chiang, H.T., and S.L. Lin. 2012. Auditor’s industry specialization and disclosure quality of IAS No. 39-Related Accounts. Journal of Applied Finance and Banking 2 (2): 59–98.

Chung, H., and S. Kallapur. 2003. Client importance, nonaudit services, and abnormal accruals. The Accounting Review 78 (4): 931–955.

Conyon, M.J., and L. He. 2017. Firm performance and boardroom gender diversity: A quantile regression approach. Journal of Business Research 79: 198–211.

Cullinan, C.P., L. Mahoney, and P. Roush. 2019. Directors & corporate social responsibility: Joint consideration of director gender and the director’s role. Social and Environmental Accountability Journal 39 (2): 100–123.

Cumming, D., T.Y. Leung, and O. Rui. 2015. Gender diversity and securities fraud. Academy of Management Journal 58 (5): 1572–1593.

Damak, T.S. 2018. Gender diverse board and earnings management: Evidence from French listed companies. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 9 (3): 289–312.

Dechow, P., R. Sloan, and A. Sweeney. 1996. Causes and consequences of earnings manipulation: An analysis of firms subject to enforcement actions by the SEC. Contemporary Accounting Research 13 (1): 1–36.

Dechow, P., W. Ge, C. Larson, and R. Sloan. 2010. Predicting material accounting misstatements. Contemporary Accounting Research 28 (1): 17–82.

Dezso, C.L., and D.G. Ross. 2012. Does female representation in top management improve firm performance? A panel data investigation. Strategic Management Journal 33 (9): 1072–1089.

Doldor, E., S. Vinnicombe, M. Gaughan, and R. Sealy. 2012. Gender diversity on boards: the appointment processand the role of executive search firms. Equality and Human rights Comission Research Report Series, International Centre for Women Leaders, Cranfield School of Management, Cranfield Univerisity.

Dunn, K., and B. Mayhew. 2004. Audit firm industry specialization and client disclosure quality. Review of Accounting Studies 9 (1): 35–58.

Duong, L., and J. Evans. 2016. Gender differences in compensation and earning management: evidence from Australian CFOs. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 40 (Part A): 17–35.

Dwyer, S., O.C. Richard, and K. Chadwick. 2003. Gender diversity in management and firm performance: The influence of growth orientation and organizational culture. Journal of Business Research 56 (12): 1009–1019.

Eagly, A.H., and L.L. Carli. 2015. Women and the labyrinth of leadership. In Contemporary Issues in Leadership , ed. W.E. Rosenbach, R.L. Taylor, and M.A. Youndt. New York: Routledge.

Earley, P.C., and E. Mosalowski. 2000. Creating hybrid team cultures: An empirical test of transnational team functioning. Academy of Management Journal 43 (1): 26–49.

Eckel, C.C., and S.C. Fullbrunn. 2015. Thar she blows? Gender, competition, and bubbles in experimental asset markets. American Econonomic Review 105 (2): 906–920.

Erhardt, N.L., J.D. Werbel, and C.B. Shrader. 2003. Board of director diversity and firm financial performance. Corporate Governance: An International Review 11 (2): 102–111.

Ettredge, M., E.E. Fuerherm, and C. Li. 2014. Fee pressure and audit quality. Accounting, Organizations and Society 39 (4): 247–263.

Faccio, M., M.T. Marchica, and R. Mura. 2016. CEO gender, corporate risk-taking, and the efficiency of capital allocation. Journal of Corporate Finance 39: 193–209.

Fama, F., and M. Jensen. 1983. Agency problems and residual claims. Journal of Law and Economics 26 (2): 288–307.

Fan, Y., Y. Jiang, X. Zhang, and Y. Zhou. 2019. Women on boards and bank earnings management: From zero to hero. Journal of Banking and Finance 107: 1–20.

Farag, H., and C. Mallin. 2017. Board diversity and financial fragility: Evidence from European banks. International Review of Financial Analysis 49: 98–112.

Farrel, K.A., and P.L. Hersch. 2005. Additions to corporate boards: The effect of gender. Journal of Corporate Finance 11 (1–2): 85–106.

Francis, J. 2011. A framework for understanding and researching audit quality. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory 30 (2): 125–152.

Francis, J.R., and B. Ke. 2006. Disclosure of fees paid to auditors and the market valuation of earnings surprises. Review of Accounting Studies 11 (4): 495–523.

Francis, J.R., and M.D. Yu. 2009. Big4 Office size and Audit Quality. Accounting Review 84 (5): 1521–1552.

Francis, J.R., I. Khurana, and R. Pereira. 2005. Disclosure incentives and effects on cost of capital around the World. The Accounting Review 80 (4): 1125–1162.

Francis, B., I. Hasan, Q. Wu, and M. Yan. 2014. Are female CFOs less tax aggressive? Evidence from tax aggressiveness. The Journal of the American Taxation Association 36 (2): 171–202.

Francis, B., I. Hasan, J.C. Park, and Q. Wu. 2015. Gender differences in financial reporting decisión making: Evidence from accounting conservatism. Contemporary Accounting Research 32 (3): 1285–1318.

Francis, J.R. (2023). What exactly do we mean by audit quality? Accounting in Europe , in press.

Gallego-Álvarez, I., I. García-Sánchez, and L. Rodríguez-Dominguez. 2010. The influence of gender diversity on corporate performance. Spanish Accounting Review 13 (1): 53–88.

García-Sánchez, I.M., J. Martínez-Ferrero, and E. García-Meca. 2017. Gender diversity, financial expertise and its effects on accounting quality. Management Decision 55 (2): 347–382.

Gavious, I., E. Segev, and R. Yosef. 2012. Female directors and earnings management in high-technology firms. Pacific Accounting Review 24 (1): 4–32.

Girardone, C., S. Kokas, and G. Wood. 2021. Diversity and women in finance: Challenges and future perspectives. Journal of Corporate Finance 71: 101906.

Gonçalves, T., C. Gaio, and T. Santos. 2019. Women on the board: Do they manage earnings? Empirical evidence from European listed firms. Revista Brasileira De Gestao De Negocios 21 (3): 582–597.

Green, C.P., and S. Homroy. 2018. Female directors, board committees and firm performance. European Economic Review 102: 19–38.

Gul, F.A., S.Y.K. Fung, and B. Jaggi. 2009. Earnings quality: Some evidence on the role of auditor tenure and auditors’ industry expertise. Journal of Accounting and Economics 47 (3): 265–287.

Gul, F., B. Srinidhi, and A. Ng. 2011. Does board gender diversity improve the informativeness of stock prices? Journal of Accounting Economics 51 (3): 314–338.

Gul, F.A., B. Srinidhi, and J. Tsui, (2008). Board diversity and the demand for higher audit effort, SSRN Working Paper.

Gull, A.A., M. Nekhili, H. Nagati, and T. Chtioui. 2018. Beyond gender diversity: How specific attributes of female directors affect earnings management. British Accounting Review 50 (3): 255–274.

Hambrick, D.C., and A. Pettigrew. 2001. Upper echelons: Donald Hambrick on executives and strategy. Academy of Management Perspectives 15 (3): 36–47.

Hambrick, D., T. Cho, and M. Chen. 1996. The influence of top management team heterogeneity on firm’s competitive moves. Administrative Science Quaterly 41 (4): 659–685.

Harakeh, M., W. El-Gammal, and G. Matar. 2019. Female directors, earnings management, and CEO incentive compensation: UK evidence. Research in International Business and Finance 50: 153–170.

Hardies, K., and R. Khalifa. 2018. Gender is not “a dummy variable”: Discussion of current gender research in accounting. Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management 15 (3): 385–407.

Hardies, K., D. Breesch, and J. Branson. 2011. Male and female auditors’ overconfidence. Managerial Auditing Journal 27 (1): 105–118.

Hardies, K., D. Breesch, and J. Branson. 2015. The female audit fee premium. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory 34 (4): 171–195.

Harjoto, M., I. Indrarini Laksmana, and R. Lee. 2015. The impact of demographic characteristics of CEOs and directors on audit fees and audit delay. Managerial Auditing Journal 30 (8/9): 963–997.

Harris, O., J.B. Karl, and E. Lawrence. 2019. CEO compensation and earnings management: Does gender really matters? Journal of Business Research 98 (January): 1–14.

Haslam, S.A., M.K. Ryan, C. Kulich, G. Trojanowski, and C. Atkins. 2010. Investing with prejudice: The relationship between women’s presence on company boards and objective and subjective measures of company performance. British Journal of Management 21 (2): 484–497.

He, J., and Z. Huang. 2011. Board informal hierarchy and firm financial performance. Exploring a tacit structure guiding boardroom interactions. Academy of Management Journal 54 (6): 1119–1139.

Hillman, A., and T. Dalziel. 2003. Boards of directors and firm performance: Integrating agency and resource dependence perspectives. Academy of Management Review 28 (3): 383–396.

Hillman, A., A. Cannella Jr., and R. Paetzhold. 2000. The resource dependence role of corporate directors: Strategic adaption of board composition in response to environmental change. Journal of Management Studies 37 (2): 235–255.

Hillman, A.J., C. Shropshire, and A.A. Cannella. 2007. Organizational predictors of women on corporate boards. Academy of Management Journal 50 (4): 941–952.

Ho, S.M., A. Li, K. Tam, and F. Zhang. 2015. CEO gender, ethical leadership, and accounting conservatism. Journal of Business Ethics 127 (2): 351–370.

Hoang, T.C., and I.S. Abeysekerae Ma. 2018. Board diversity and corporate social disclosure: Evidence from Vietnam. Journal of Business Ethics 151 (4): 833–852.

Hoang, T.C., T.C. Hoang, I. Abeysekera, and S. Ma. 2017. The effect of board diversity on earnings quality: An empirical study of listed firms in Vietnam. Australian Accounting Review 27 (2): 146–163.

Hoitash, R., A. Markelevich, and C.A. Barragato. 2007. Auditor fees and audit quality. Managerial Auditing Journal 22 (8): 761–786.

Hrazdil, K., D.A. Simunic, S. Spector, and N. Suwanyangyuan. 2023. Top executive gender diversity and financial reporting quality. Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics 19 (2): 100363.

Huang, J., and D.J. Kisgen. 2013. Gender and corporate finance: Are male executives over- confident relative to female executives? Journal of Financial Economics 108 (3): 822–839.

Huang, T.C., H. Huang, and C. Lee. 2014. Corporate executive’s gender and audit fees. Managerial Auditing Journal 29 (6): 527–547.

Isidro, H., and M. Sobral. 2015. The effects of women on corporate boards on firm value, financial performance, and ethical and social compliance. Journal of Business Ethics 132 (1): 1–19.

Ittonen, K., and E. Peni. 2012. Auditor’s gender and audit fees. International Journal of Auditing 16 (1): 1–18.

Ittonen, K., J. Miettinen, and S. Vähämaa. 2010. Does female representation on audit committees affect audit fees? Quarterly Journal of Finance and Accounting 49 (3/4): 113–139.

Ittonen, K., E. Vähämaa, and S. Vähämaa. 2013. Female auditors and accruals quality. Accounting Horizons 27 (2): 205–228.

Jensen, M.C. 1993. The modern industrial revolution, exit, and the failure on internal control systems. Journal of Finance 48 (3): 831–880.

Jensen, M., and W. Meckling. 1976. Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics 3 (4): 305–360.

Joecks, J., K. Pull, and K. Vetter. 2013. Gender diversity in the boardroom and firm performance: Whct exactly constitutes a “critical mass”? Journal of Business Ethics 118 (1): 61–72.

Johnson, S.G., K. Schnatterly, and A.D. Hill. 2013. Board composition beyond inde- pendence social capital, human capital, and demographics. Journal of Management 39 (1): 232–262.

Jurkus, A.F., J.C. Park, and L.S. Woodard. 2011. Women in top management and agency costs. Journal of Business Research 64 (2): 180–186.

Kanter, R. 1977. Men and women of the corporation . New York: Basic Books.

Kaplan, S., K. Pany, J. Samuels, and J. Zhang. 2009. An examinationof the association between gender and reporting intentions for fraudulent financial reporting. Journal of Business Ethics 87 (1): 15–30.

Kent, R.L., and S.E. Moss. 1994. Effects of sex and gender role on leader emergence. Academy of Management Journal 37 (5): 1335–1360.

Khan, W.A., and J.P. Vieito. 2013. CEO gender and firm performance. Journal of Economics and Business 67: 55–66.

Khaw, K.L., J. Liao, D. Tripe, and U. Wongchoti. 2016. Gender diversity, State control, and corporate risk-taking: Evidence from China. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 39: 141–158.

Khlif, H., and I. Achek. 2017. Gender in accounting research: A review. Managerial Auditing Journal 32 (6): 627–655.

Knight, D., C.L. Pearce, K.G. Smith, J.D. Olian, H.P. Sims, K.A. Smith, and P. Flood. 1999. Top management team diversity, group process, and strategic consensus. Strategic Management Journal 20 (5): 445–465.

Kolev, G.I. 2012. Underperformance by female CEOs: A more powerful test. Economic Letters 117 (2): 436–440.

Konrad, A.M., V. Kramer, and S. Erkut. 2008. Critical mass: The impact of three or more women on corporate boards. Organizational Dynamics 37 (2): 145–164.

Kouaib, S.P., and A. Almulhim. 2019. Earnings manipulations and boards diversity: The moderating role of audit. The Journal of High Technology Management Research 30 (2): 100356.

Kreitz, P.A. 2008. Best practices for managing organizational diversity. Journal of Academic Librarianship 34 (2): 101–120.

Krishnan, H.A., and D. Park. 2005. A few good women - on top management teams. Journal of Business Research 58 (12): 1712–1720.

Krishnan, G.V., and L.M. Parsons. 2008. Getting to the bottom line: An exploration of gender and earnings quality. Journal of Business Ethics 78 (1/2): 65–76.

Kwon, S.Y., Y. Lim, and R. Simnett. 2014. The effect of mandatory audit firm rotation on audit quality and audit fees: empirical evidence from the Korean audit market. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory 33 (4): 167–195.

Kyaw, K., M. Olugbode, and B. Petracci. 2015. Does gender diverse board mean less earnings management? Finance Research Letters 14: 135–141.

Lakhal, F., A. Aguiar, N. Lakhal, and A. Malek. 2015. Do women on boards and in top management reduce earnings management? Evidence in France. Journal of Applied Business Research 31 (3): 1107–1118.

Lam, K.C., P.B. McGuiness, and J.P. Vieito. 2013. CEO gender, executive compensation and firm performance in Chinese-listed enterprises. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 21 (1): 1136–1159.

Lara, J.M.G., B.G. Osma, A. Mora, and M. Scapin. 2017. The monitoring role of female directors over accounting quality. Journal of Corporate Finance 45: 651–668.

Lara, J.M.G., J. Penalva, and M. Scapin. 2022. Financial reporting quality effects of imposing (gender) quotas on boards of directors. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy 41 (2): 106921.

Lawrence, E.R., and M. Raithatha. 2023. Gender bias, board diversity, and firm value: Evidence from a natural experiment. Journal of Corporate Finance 78: 102349.

Lawrence, M., M. Minutti-Meza, and P. Zhang. 2011. Can Big 4 versus Non-Big 4 differences in audit-quality proxies be attributed to client characteristics? The Accounting Review 86 (1): 259–286.

Lee, I.H., and M.R. Marvel. 2014. Revisiting the entrepreneur gender-performance relationship: A firm perspective. Small Business Economics 42: 769–786.

Lenard, M.J., B. Yu, E.A. York, and S. Wu. 2014. Impact of female directorship on firm risk. Managerial Finance 40 (8): 787–803.

Levi, M., K. Li, and F. Zhang. 2014. Director gender and mergers and acquisitions. Journal of Corporate Finance 28: 185–200.

Li, Y., and Y. Zeng. 2019. The impact of top executive gender on asset prices: Evidence from stock price crash risk. Journal of Corporate Finance 58: 528–550.

Li, J., R. Falls, and J. Lin. 2005. The relation between earnings management and audit quality. Journal of Accounting and Finance Research 13 (1): 1–11.

Li, X., E.T. Than, R. Ahmed, M. Ishaque, and T.L.D. Huynh. 2023. Gender diversity of boards and executives on real earnings management in the bull or bear period: Empirical evidence from China. International Journal of Finance & Economics 28 (3): 2753–2771.

Lin, J., and M. Hwang. 2010. Audit quality, corporate governance, and earnings management: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Auditing 14 (1): 57–77.

Liu, Y., Z. Wei, and F. Xie. 2014. Do women directors improve firm performance in China? Journal of Corporate Finance 28: 169–184.

Liu, Y., Z. Wei, and F. Xie. 2016. CFO gender and earnings management: Evidence from China. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting 46 (4): 881–905.

Lobo, G., and Y. Zhao. 2013. Relation between audit effort and financial report misstatements: Evidence from quarterly and annual restatements re-statements. The Accounting Review 88 (4): 1–37.

Low, D.C.M., H. Roberts, and R.H. Whiting. 2015. Board diversity and firm performance: empirical evidence from Hong Kong, South Korea. Malasya and Singapore. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 35 (Part A): 381–401.

Lückerath-Rovers, M. 2013. Women on boards and firm performance. Journal of Management and Governance 17: 491–509.

Luo, J.H., Y. Xiang, and Z. Huang. 2017. Female directors and real activities manipulation: Evidence from China. China Journal of Accounting Research 10 (2): 141–166.

Mahadeo, J.D., T. Soobaroyen, and V.O. Hanuman. 2012. Board composition and dinancial performance: Unconvering the effects of diversity in an emerging economy. Journal of Business Ethics 105 (3): 375–388.

Mansi, S.A., W.F. Maxwell, and D.P. Miller. 2004. Does auditor quality and tenure matter to investors? Evidence from the bond market. Journal of Accounting Research 42 (4): 755–793.

Matsa, D., and A. Miller. 2011. Chipping away at the glass ceiling: Gender spillovers in corporate leadership. American Econonomic Review 101 (3): 635–639.

Matsa, D.A., and A.R. Miller. 2013. A female style in corporate leadship? Evidence from quotas. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 5 (3): 136–169.

Maznevski, M.L. 1994. Understanding our differences: Performance in decision-making groups with diverse members. Human Relations 47 (5): 531–552.

Miller, T., and C.M. Triana. 2009. Demographic diversity in the boardroom: Mediators of the board diversity–firm performance relationship. Journal of Management Studies 46 (5): 755–786.

Milliken, F.J., and I.L. Martins. 1996. Searching for common threads: Understanding the multiple effects of diversity in organizational groups. Academy of Management Journal 21 (2): 402–433.

Mnif, Y., and I. Cherif. 2020. Female board directorship and earnings management. Pacific Accounting Review 33 (1): 114–141.

Montenegro, T., and F. Bras. 2015. Audit quality: Does gender composition of audit firms matter? Spanish Journal of Finance and Accounting 44 (3): 264–297.

Moscovici, S., and C. Faucheux. 1972. Social influence, conformity bias and the study of active minorities. In Advances in experimental social psychology , ed. L. Berkowitz, 149–202. New York: Academic Press.

Myers, J.N., L.A. Myers, and T.C. Omer. 2003. Exploring the term of the auditor-client relationship and the quality of earnings: A case for mandatory auditor rotation? The Accounting Review 78 (3): 779–799.

Na, K., and J. Hong. 2017. CEO gender and earnings management. Journal of Applied Business Research 33 (2): 297–308.

Nadeem, M., T. Suleman, and A. Ahmed. 2019. Women on boards, firm risk and the profitability nexus: Does gender diversity moderate the risk and return relationship? International Review of Economics and Finance 64: 427–442.

Neidermeyer, P., T. Tuten, and A. Neidermeyer. 2003. Gender differences in auditors’ attitudes towards lowballing: Implications for future practice. Women in Management Review 18 (8): 406–413.

Nemeth, C. 1986. Differential contributions of majority and minority influence. Psychological Review 93 (1): 23–32.

Nguyen, T., S. Locke, and K. Reddy. 2015. Does boardroom gender diversity matter? Evidence from a transitional economy. International Review of Financial Analysis 37: 184–202.

Nguyen, T.H.H., C.G. Ntim, and J.K. Malagila. 2020. Women on corporate boards and corporate financial and non-financial performance: A systematic literature review and future research agenda. International Review of Financial Analysis 71: 101554.

Nielsen, S., and M. Huse. 2010. The contribution of women on boards of directors: Going beyond the surface. Corporate Governance: An International Review 18 (2): 136–148.

Niskanen, J., J. Karjalainen, M. Niskanen, and J. Karjalainen. 2011. Auditor gender and corporate earnings management behavior in private Finnish firms. Managerial Auditing Journal 26 (9): 778–793.

Nissim, D. (2022). Earnings quality. SSRN, March 1.

O’Brien, L.T., and C.S. Crandall. 2003. Stereotype threat and arousal: Effects on women’s math performance. Personality and Social Psycholology Bulletin 29 (6): 782–789.

Orazalin, N. 2020. Board gender diversity, corporate governance and earnings management: Evidence from an emerging market. Gender in Management: An International Journal 35 (1): 37–60.

Panzer, L., and S. Müller. 2015. Earnings quality and gender diversity on German supervisory boards: An empirical analysis. Problems and Perspectives in Management 13 (4): 9–18.

Parker, J., M. Dao, H. Huang, and Y. Yan. 2015. Disclosing material weakness in internal controls: Does the gender of audit committee members matter? Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics 24 (3/4): 407–420.

Peni, E. 2014. CEO and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance. Journal of Management e Governance 18 (1): 185–205.

Peni, E., and S. e Vahamaa. 2010. Female executives and earnings management. Managerial Finance 36 (7): 629–645.

Perryman, A.A., G.D. Fernando, and A. Tripathy. 2016. Do gender differences persist? An examination of gender diversity on firm performance, risk and executive compensation. Journal of Business Research 69 (2): 579–586.

Pfeffer, J., and G. Salacik. 1978. The external control o organizations: A resource dependence perspective . New York: Harper e Row.

Pfeffer, J. (1981). Power in organizations . Marshfield (MA), Pitman.

Post, C., and K. Byron. 2015. Women on boards and firm financial performance: A meta analysis. Academy of Management Journal 58 (5): 1546–1571.

Price, C.R. 2012. Gender, competition, and managerial decisions. Management Sciences 58 (1): 114–122.

Raddant, M., and H. Takashashi. 2022. Interdependenciesof female board member appointments. International Review of Financial Analysis 81: 102080.

Rao, K., and C. Tilt. 2016. Board diversity and CSR reporting: An Australian study. Meditari Accountancy Research 24 (2): 182–210.

Reddy, S., and A.M. Jadhav. 2019. Gender diversity in boardrooms – a literature review. Cogent Economics & Finance 7 (1): 1644703.

Reichelt, K.J., and D. Wang. 2010. National and office-specific measures of auditor industry expertise and effects on audit quality. Journal of Accounting Research 48 (3): 647–686.

Ridgeway, C.L. 2001. Sex, status, and leadership. Journal of Social Issues 57 (4): 637–655.

Rietz, A.D., and M. Henrekson. 2000. Testing the female underperformance hypothesis. Small Business Economics 14: 1–10.

Roberson, L., and C.T. Kulik. 2007. Stereotype threat at work. Academy of Management Perspectives 21 (2): 24–40.

Rose, C. 2007. Does female board representation influence firm performance? The Danish evidence. Corporate Governance: An International Review 15 (2): 404–413.

Ryan, M.K., and S.A. Haslam. 2005. The glass-cliff: Evidence that women are over-represented in precarious leadership positions. British Journal of Management 16 (2): 81–90.

Schwartz-Ziv, M. 2017. Gender and board activeness: The role of a critical mass. Journal of Financial Quantitative Analysis 52 (2): 751–780.

Schwartz-Ziv, M. (2013). Does the gender of directors matter? SSRN, May 2.

Shaukat, A., Y. Qiu, and G. Trojanowski. 2016. Board attributes, corporate social responsibility strategy, and corporate environmental and social performance. Journal of Business Ethics 135 (3): 569–585.

Shrader, C.B., V.B. Blackburn, and P. Iles. 1997. Women in management and firm financial performance: An exploratory study. Journal of Managerial Issues 9 (3): 355–372.

Sial, M.S., X.V. Vo, L. Al-Haddad, and T.N. Trang. 2019. Impact of female director son the board and foreign institutional investors and eranings manipulation of Chinese listed companies. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration 11 (3): 288–300.

Siciliano, J. 1996. The relationship of board member diversity to organizational performance. Journal of Business Ethics 15 (12): 1313–1321.

Simons, T., and L. Pelled. 1999. Understanding executive diversity: More than meets the eye. Human Resource Planning 22 (2): 49–51.

Singh, V., S. Terjesen, and S. Vinnicombe. 2008. Newly appointed directors in the boardroom: How do women and men differ. European Management Journal 26 (1): 48–58.

Smith, N., V. Smith, and M. Venter. 2006. Do women in top management affect firm performance? A panel study of 2.500 Danish firms. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 55 (7): 569–593.

Srinidhi, B., F.A. Gul, and J. Tsui. 2011. Female directors and earnings quality. Contemporary Accounting Research 28 (5): 1610–1644.

Steele, C.M., and J. Aronson. 1995. Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psycholology 69 (5): 797–811.

Sun, R., and G. Zou. 2021. Political connection, CEO gender, and firm performance. Journal of Corporate Finance 71: 101918.

Sun, J., G. Liu, and G. Lan. 2011. Does female directorship on independent audit committees constrain earnings management? Journal of Business Ethics 99 (3): 369–382.

Tanford, S., and S. Penrod. 1984. Social influence model: A formal integration of research on majority and minority influence processes. Psychological Bulletin 95 (2): 189–225.

Teodósio, J., E. Vieira, and M. Madaleno. 2021. Gender diversity and corporate risk-taking: A literature review. Managerial Finance 47 (7): 1038–1073.

Teodósio, J., E. Vieira, and M. Madaleno. 2022. Gender diversity and financial risk: a bibliometric analysis. In Handbook of Research on New Challenges and Global Outlooks in Financial Risk Management , ed. M. Madaleno, E. Vieira, and N. Barbuta-Misu. IGI Global.

Terjesen, S., R. Sealy, and V. Singh. 2009. Women director son corporate boards: A review and research agenda. Corporate Governance: An International Review 17 (3): 320–337.

Terjesen, S., E.B. Couto, and P.M. Francisco. 2016. Does the presence of independent and female directors impact firm performance? A multi-country study of board diversity. Journal of Management and Governance 20 (3): 447–483.

Thiruvadi, S., and H. Huang. 2011. Audit committee gender differences and earnings management. Gender in Management: An International Journal 26 (7): 483–498.

Torchia, M., A. Calabrò, and M. Huse. 2011. Women directors on corporate boards: From tokenism to critical mass. Journal of Business Ethics 102 (2): 299–317.

Treichler, C. (1995). Diversity of board members and organizational performance: An integrative prespective. Corporate Governance: An International Review 3 (4): 189–200.

Vahamaa, E. 2017. Female executives and corporate governance. Managerial Finance 43 (10): 1056–1072.

Vieira, E., M. Madaleno, and J. Lobão. 2022. Gender diversity in leadership: A bibliometric analysis and future research directions. International Journal of Financial Studies 10 (3): 53.

Waweru, N.M., and N.P. Prot. 2018. Corporate governance compliance and accrual earnings management in Eastern Africa: Evidence from Kenya and Tanzania. Managerial Auditing Journal 33 (2): 171–191.

Westphal, J., and L. Milton. 2000. How experience and network ties affect the influence of demographic minorities on corporate boards. Administrative Science Quarterly 45 (2): 366–398.

Wilson, N., and A. Altanlar. 2011. The survival of newly incorporated companies and the impact of founding director characteristics . Credit Management Research Centre: University of Leeds - Division of Accounting and Finance.

Book   Google Scholar  

Xu, X., W. Li, Y. Li, and X. Liu. 2019. Female CFOs and corporate cash holdings: Precautionary motive or agency motive. International Review of Economics and Finance 63: 434–454.

Ye, K., R. Zhang, and Z. Rezaee. 2010. Does top executive gender diversity affects earnings quality? A large sample analysis of Chinese listed firms. Advances in Accounting 26 (1): 47–54.

Ye, D., J. Deng, Y. Liu, S.H. Szewczyk, and X. Chen. 2019. Does board gender diversity increase dividend payouts? Analysis of global evidence. Journal of Corporate Finance 58: 1–26.

Zalata, A.M., V. Tauringana, and I. Tingbani. 2018. Audit committee financial expertise, gender, and earnings management: does gender of the financial expert matter? International Review of Financial Analysis 55 (March 2017): 170–183.

Zalata, A.M., C.G. Ntim, G.E. Aboud, and E. Gyapong. 2019a. Female CEOs and core earnings quality: New evidence on the ethics versus risk-aversion puzzle. Journal of Business Ethics 160 (2): 515–534.

Zalata, A.M., C.G. Ntim, T. Choudhry, A. Hassanein, and H. Elzahar. 2019b. Female directors and managerial opportunism: Monitoring versus advisory female directors. Leadership Quaterly 30 (5): 101309.

Zalata, A.M., C.G. Ntim, M.H. Alsohagy, and J. Malagila. 2022. Gender diversity and earnings management: The case of female directors with financial background. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting 58 (1): 101–136.

Download references

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

Higher Institute of Accountancy and Administration, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal

Maria Fátima Ribeiro Borges & Graça Maria do Carmo Azevedo

Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, (ISCTE-IUL), Avenida das Forças Armadas, 1649-026, Lisbon, Portugal

Jonas Oliveira

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

Contributions

Maria Fátima Ribeiro Borges: Conceptualization; methodology; writing – original draft preparation. Graça Maria do Carmo Azevedo: Supervision, writing-reviewing and editing. Jonas Oliveira: Writing-reviewing and editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jonas Oliveira .

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest, declaration of generative ai in scientific writing:.

Statement: During the preparation of this work the authors did use any generative AI in scientific writing.

Additional information

Publisher's note.

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Borges, M.F.R., Azevedo, G.M.d.C. & Oliveira, J. Literature review on gender diversity in top management teams of companies and its relationship with firm performance and audit quality. Int J Discl Gov (2024). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41310-024-00248-1

Download citation

Received : 19 January 2024

Accepted : 21 May 2024

Published : 19 June 2024

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1057/s41310-024-00248-1

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

  • Gender diversity
  • Performance
  • Audit quality

JEL classification

  • Find a journal
  • Publish with us
  • Track your research

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to  upgrade your browser .

Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.

  • We're Hiring!
  • Help Center

paper cover thumbnail

The Impact of Information Technology on the Auditing Profession By Dr. Anas Ali Al-Qudah, Dr. Ahmad Yahiya Baniahmad and Dr. Nawwaf Al-Fawaerah

Profile image of Management and Administrative Sciences Review  ISSN: 2308-1368

Related Papers

International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management

Khaled M . H . Alqatanani

The study aimed to measure the extent to what auditors in the Kingdom of Bahrain recognize the auditing strategies in light of information technology and its impact on the audit process. A field study was conducted on the audit offices in Bahrain. The study ended with a set of findings, most importantly: the lack of adequate level of awareness among auditors in the Kingdom of Bahrain on auditing strategies in light of information technology and its impact on audit, and the low level of use of information technology in various fields and the lack of material resources and software necessary for the implementation of audits. As well as the lack of an appropriate level of scientific and practical training of employees to carry out the audit in light of information technology, and the lack of confidence in electronic procedures and the fear of data loss and the inability to maintain protection, in addition to the fear among employees and the belief that the expansion through the use of information technology will lead to the lay-off of some employees. The study recommended the need to work to increase the level of awareness and knowledge of audit strategies in light of information technology and its impact on the audit process. Care should be taken to provide an appropriate level of scientific and practical training of employees to carry out the audit in light of information technology, and the need to increase the confidence of electronic data through legislation and provide job security and stability among workers.

it audit research papers

2009 IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems: Technology and Applications

Iryna Golyash

International Journal of Engineering & Technology

Shahmurad Chandio

This paper examines the manner in which audits would be conducted in the future and how technology has transformed and impacted the business processes of public, private sector entities and various organisations and the guidelines which need to be followed to ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations. The tranperancy of financial statements is of paramount interest to shareholders and other significant stakeholders. This necessities that the financial statements are audited to acquire a certain level of confidence over the integrity of numbers and the validity of business rationale which thereby arises a need for auditor to be well equipped with all the tools and system essentials in carrying out an effective and efficient audit. Information Technology can act as an impediment or stimulant towards the achievement of the above discussed objective. Various organizations use automation tools and ERP applications which have become a vital cog in their internel control envir...

Alireza Momeni

Today, the importance of information technology and communications has been clearly specified to increase the speed and accuracy of the various activities of organizations and the relationship between its various components together, and thus increase their effectiveness. The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of information technology in increasing the effectiveness of the internal audit. The statistical population of the study consisted of 120 heads of banks and employees of different parts of internal audit of Iran Melli Bank Branches in Sistan and Baluchestan province. Of these, 92 samples were selected as research samples according to the sample size formula. The method of sampling in this research is Krjusi Morgan method. Then the questionnaire has been distributed among them and then collected. The research questionnaire contains 30 questions based on the research hypotheses. To assess the validity of the questionnaire, content validity was used and the Cronb...

International Journal of Business and Economics Research

Atallah alhosban

International Journal of Management (IJM)

IAEME Publication

Facing the industrial revolution 4.0, every profession in the world must improve, every professional workforce involved in it, must begin to add one skill that is computer literacy. This phenomenon certainly occurs also for the financial auditor profession. Auditors are required to no longer only carry out the audit process manually or traditionally but to use computerization. In auditing this is referred to as computer assisted audit techniques. Our research is a qualitative study, we use literature studies as secondary data and primary data collection techniques. Primary data collection is done by observation to public accounting firms and conducting interviews with auditors to find out how the application of audit software in their environment. Our interviews include: understanding, constraints faced, and the auditor's views regarding the audit software itself. In this study we obtained results regarding the advantages and disadvantages of the computer assisted audit technique and a review of its application in public accounting firms in Indonesia both the big four and the non big four. Our research can be a reference or reference for subsequent research in the field of audit and software.

Journal of Investment and Management

mostafa firozabadi

Ali Alrabei

This study aimed to explore the Moderating Effect of Information Technology on the Relationship between Audit Quality and the Quality of Accounting Information. “Jordanian Auditors Perception”. To achieve that the researcher designed a 47-items questionnaire distributed to 190 questionnaires, out of 190 questionnaires distributed only 161 were returned. Nine of these questionnaires were excluded because they were invalid, the remaining 152 questionnaires yielded 80% responses rate. The data was analysed through the SPSS, to find the Moderating Effect of Information Technology on the Relationship between Audit Quality and the Quality of Accounting Information. “Jordanian Auditors Perception”. Multiple regression analysis has been used. This study found a moderating effect of information technology on the relationship between audit quality (audit firm size, audit fees, contact with international auditing offices, and compliance with international auditing standards) and the quality of...

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

Sofiane Mostéfaoui

The banking sector occupies a central position in the economy. This consideration stems from the roles and the responsibilities assumed by this institution. Therefore, the consolidation of the system comprising the banking and other financial institutions by all kinds of technology and information becomes more than a necessity in an attempt to improve the quality of the services provided in one hand and to strengthen the banking organization per se at the other. The latter objective is ensured by different mechanisms. One of these is the auditing mechanism. The paper sheds light on the impact of the information technology audit in increasing the quality of the bank accounting system. The study shows that the acquisition of the modern technology is not based only on feasibility, but in response to the requirement of the competition and the customers' satisfaction.

Loading Preview

Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.

RELATED PAPERS

Indrawati Yuhertiana

Annals - Economy Series

Ionescu Stefan

Asia-Pacific Management Accounting Journal

Razana Juhaida Johari

Jurnal Pajak dan Keuangan Negara (PKN)

Prof. Dr.ASAAD M O H A M M E D A L I WAHHAB

Sepky Mardian

Benson James Lyimo

Bonface Maina

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH

Amro A B D U L K A F I S A L E H Alammari

Ohonba Osamwonyie

Global Journal of Economics and Business

Tamer Aljamal

Kamen Spassov

Muhammad Asmeldi Firman

Current Debates on Natural and Engineering Sciences 11

Ozkan Canay

Trends and Applications

Mohamed Hegazy

yavuz kahraman

International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)

HARSANTO HARSANTO

Georgeta Span

Advances in Scientific and Applied Accounting

Joshua Imoniana

  •   We're Hiring!
  •   Help Center
  • Find new research papers in:
  • Health Sciences
  • Earth Sciences
  • Cognitive Science
  • Mathematics
  • Computer Science
  • Academia ©2024

IMAGES

  1. This assignment consists of four (4) sections an internal IT audit .docx

    it audit research papers

  2. Audit Working Papers

    it audit research papers

  3. (PDF) Professional Paper: IT Internal Audit: Effective IT Risk

    it audit research papers

  4. Factsheet Internal Audit Engagement Work Papers 230404 204818

    it audit research papers

  5. Three essays on audit technology

    it audit research papers

  6. It Audit Report Template Word

    it audit research papers

VIDEO

  1. CA Inter Audit Paper Review May 2024

  2. What is The Importance Of Audit Documentation & Working Papers ? Learn Audit

  3. Audit Workpapers

  4. What Is Audit Note Book? #shorts

  5. IS Audit in Practice: Data Integrity On Demand

  6. Audit Notebook, Working Papers, Program, Planning, strategy, Engagement, Documentation, Part 8

COMMENTS

  1. The Role of IT Audit in the Era of Digital Transformation

    In the era of digital transformation, IT audit will become increasingly involved to ensure that IT implementation does not create unacceptable risks to the business. That way, the IT audit should have gained a favourable position as many companies are transforming the business as it is today. This research methodology use a qualitative approach ...

  2. (PDF) Information Technology Control and Audit

    Abstract. The new fifth edition of Information Technology Control and Audit has been significantly revised to include a comprehensive overview of the IT environment, including revolutionizing ...

  3. (Pdf) Analyzing the Role of Artificial Intelligence in It Audit

    This research paper explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Information Technology (IT) audits, analyzing current practices, training requirements, and prospects.

  4. International Journal of Auditing

    The International Journal of Auditing 's global perspective on the broad spectrum of auditing makes it accessible and relevant to practitioners and researchers across the world. Our coverage of the entire spectrum of auditing issues addresses audit challenges of today and tomorrow.

  5. Effectiveness of cybersecurity audit

    Islam's et al. (2018) paper is insightful as it is the only empirical paper investigating the extent of CS audit. The authors measure the extent of CSA with an average of seven questions about auditing IT from the Common Body of Knowledge (CBOK) survey ( IIA Research Foundation, 2015 ).

  6. Toward Modern IT Audit- Current Issues and Literature Review

    The motivation was to identify the current trends and issues in IT audit. This paper reviews the literature on IT audit that published during the period 2008-2017. ... This study results can be used by researchers to conduct further research in the field of modern IT audit. This paper also presents the research directions based on the 5 main ...

  7. Research Opportunities in Information Technology and Internal Auditing

    This paper presents research opportunities in the area of information technology (IT) within the context of the internal audit function. Given the pervasive use of IT in organizations and the new ...

  8. Toward Modern IT Audit- Current Issues and Literature Review

    This paper has presented how these issues emerged during the past 10 years, along with the development trends, and can be used by researchers to conduct further research in the field of modern IT audit. Today, IT audit become one of the top two topics that discussed amongst internal auditor professionals and has grown to become an important issue for modern organizations. IT audit concepts ...

  9. Is artificial intelligence improving the audit process?

    Focusing on the audit sector, our paper is the first to demonstrate the gains from AI investments for firms' product quality and efficiency. ... T.J. O'Neill, and T. Smith. 2018. Big data techniques in auditing research and practice: Current trends and future opportunities. Journal of Accounting Literature 40: 102-115. Article Google ...

  10. Working Paper: The Implications of IT Environment on the Audit and

    Working papers are preliminary materials that have not been approved by the Board and reflect only the views of the author(s). The research topics of economic research fellows, including a description of any nonpublic data sets required for research, are presented to the Board for approval and research papers are reviewed to confirm that the ...

  11. The Impact of Audit Technology on Audit Task Outcomes: Evidence ...

    The Impact of Audit Technology on Audit Task Outcomes: Evidence for Technology-Based Audit Techniques 55 Pages Posted: 4 Sep 2019 Last revised: 13 Oct 2022 See all articles by Marc Eulerich

  12. Innovation in the IT Audit Process: The IT Semantic Audit ...

    These data may consist of figures, descriptions or audit programs and may be provided by sources external to the model such as web services, local or external databases, and social networks. Audit Management In this field, the IT Semantic Audit should be established as a complement to audit management solutions already in place.

  13. IT Auditing Research Papers

    ABSTRACT This paper presents the results of an international survey of IT professionals exploring the relationships between CobiT's IT processes and financial reporting. Our respondents rated the importance of each of CobiT's 34 processes from the viewpoint of effective internal control over financial reporting.

  14. The IT audit research based on the information system success model and

    Information system in big data environment has the characteristics of Volume, Velocity, Variety and Value. Currently, the information system audit goal mainly starting from the characteristics of information system itself, less combined with the specific business objectives. In this paper, Analyzed the influence of the information system under the condition of big data, as well as the ...

  15. Relationship between information technology auditors and auditees and

    The auditor, by the nature of his or her work, plays the dual role of advisor and assurance provider with the entities audited. 6 A partnership relationship must be maintained with the audited entity, the purpose of which is to bring value to the organization by providing advice on risk mitigation and improving controls. 5 With respect to the audit, auditor relationship with the audited entity ...

  16. IS Audit Basics: The Components of the IT Audit Report

    The mandatory components of an IT audit report are described in ISACA's Information Technology Assurance Framework (ITAF) 5 under guideline 2401, reporting. In addition, an ISACA white paper, IS Audit Reporting, suggests further discretionary components ( figure 1 ). 6 The components are not necessarily in any order and many are self ...

  17. The Impact of Data Analytics Use by Internal Auditors on the ...

    These findings are robust to controlling for a number of firm's and other attributes, as well as when using entropy balanced samples and other subsample analyses. Our findings inform research and practitioners by providing initial empirical evidence of the benefits of data analytics use by internal auditors for financial reporting quality.

  18. IT Audit Research Papers

    The paper present the study result of IT assurance/audit of academic information system as the main system and which is operated in a higher institution. The audit is performed based on IT Assurance frameworks, ITAF-ISACA with some modifications and combining with ISO 27004 clause as measurement parameters in its information security assessment.

  19. (PDF) Perspectives of Audit Quality: An Analysis

    Research aim: This paper reviews the research literature and publications relevant to audit quality. The authors identify three main perspectives (academic research, professional and regulatory ...

  20. IT Audit

    Artificial Intelligence Audit Toolkit. As the use of AI increases and becomes more integral in enterprise product and service delivery, it will come under more audit scrutiny. Audit coverage and assessment techniques will need to be dynamic and multi-disciplinary to keep pace with the breakneck speed in advancement and continuous development of ...

  21. (PDF) IT SECURITY AUDIT

    Micky Barzilay (May 2019) 10 of 20 fMoreover, these standards and guidelines were used to develop and implement a successful IT security audit programme in the case study section of this research. The research also involved the ISO-19011, ISO-17021, ISO-27001 and ISO-27002 standards and guidelines for the same purpose as the NIST.

  22. (PDF) IT Security Audit

    The research involved existing cybercrime surveys and reports, published research papers, journals, ... (2016). IT Security Risk Control Management, An Audit Preparation Plan, Apress Jackson C ...

  23. Literature review on gender diversity in top management teams of

    This paper aims to review the literature on gender diversity on top management teams and its impact on firm's performance and audit quality. Over the period of 1997-2023 a total of 125 published articles were identified. Main findings reveal that literature on gender diversity continues to be contradictory, inconsistent and inconclusive regarding its impacts on firm's performance and ...

  24. (PDF) The Impact of Information Technology on the Auditing Profession

    The Impact of IT on the Auditing Profession Research Paper Figure 2: The Audit Objectives Technical Knowledge of Auditors The Role of the Auditor The Status of Auditor Avoid Cheating and Falsification Internal Audit and Oversight Delegate The Auditing Effectiveness. Figure 3: The Control Software The Control software Management Control ...