is a resume and a cover letter the same thing

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• Resume and Cover Letter
• Resume vs Cover Letter: How...

Resume vs Cover Letter: How They're Different

8 min read · Updated on January 25, 2024

Knowing how a resume and cover letter work together can increase your chances of standing out

A resume and cover letter are essential job marketing tools that allow you to grab the attention of prospective employers and make a solid first impression. Where a resume provides an objective and concise overview of your work history, knowledge, skills, and overall qualifications, a cover letter formally introduces you to the employer and summarizes your work experiences related to your resume. It also discusses why you're interested in the position and why you're a suitable candidate. 

These two complementary documents are similar in a few ways and very different in others. In this post, we'll cover the following to provide clarity around cover letters vs resumes:

Cover letter vs resume: what are the similarities?

Cover letter vs resume: what are the differences?

What can a cover letter convey that a resume can't?

What's the difference between a cover letter, a resume, and an application letter? 

Cover letter vs resume: what are the similarities? 

As noted, a cover letter and resume are both career marketing tools, provided to prospective employers, that give the opportunity to make a strong first impression. Here are a few additional similarities between the two:

Both are meant to sell your skills and experience to entice employers to bring you in for an interview

The heading and contact information provided in a cover letter should match what's provided in a resume

When both a cover letter and resume are submitted as part of a job application, they're submitted together

Each document should use a similar style in terms of colors, font type , and font size to provide a cohesive package

Both documents should be tailored to each job you apply to

Both your cover letter and resume should include keywords from the job description.

These few points are where the similarities between a cover letter and a resume end. 

When considering a cover letter vs resume, there are five significant differences between them. They are

Layout and structure

Tonality , tense and orientation.

A resume is a requirement and necessity for virtually all job applications. A cover letter, on the other hand, is highly recommended but isn't necessarily required unless the job application specifically requests the inclusion of a cover letter. It's also possible to come across some job postings that specifically ask you not to include a cover letter. If you come across such an instance, even if you're tempted, don't include it unless you want to risk immediately going into the “no” pile. 

Unless specifically asked not to, in most instances it's in your best interest to include a cover letter with your resume. It shows you care about the position and can help to make your application stand out from the competition. 

The purpose of a resume is to provide the employer with a concise overview of your relevant work history, skills, and other qualifications. It focuses on your past and how it applies to your potential to succeed in a new job. 

Your cover letter should focus only on the job you're applying to - it serves as an introduction to you and your resume. With your cover letter, you have the opportunity to showcase a bit of your personality, further summarize your resume, and emphasize why you're interested in, and the right fit for, the job. 

In a nutshell, a resume shows the employer how your experience fits the role and a cover letter tells them why it does. 

Another main difference between a cover letter vs resume is the layout and structure of each. A resume typically uses bullet points without paragraphs or large chunks of text. There are also standard resume formats to choose from. A cover letter is written in paragraph form, with a layout similar to any professional business letter you might write.

Resume layout and structure

A resume uses one of three resume formats - reverse chronological, functional, or hybrid - with specific sections that are required within each format. The most commonly used is the chronological format, which includes the following sections:

Contact Information

Resume Headline

Resume Summary

Core Competencies

Work Experience 

Additional optional sections sometimes included on a resume are IT Skills, Volunteer Experience, Special Projects, Certifications, Training, Awards, Publications, and Hobbies & Interests. 

For more tips on how to write an effective resume with several resume examples to review, refer to “ How to Make a Resume: Beginner's Writing Guide with Examples .”

Cover letter layout and structure

A cover letter ranges from 300 to 500 words and should be written using the same format as any professional business letter. The key sections of a cover letter include:

The header with the date, the employer's address, and your contact information

A salutation directed to a specific individual when possible

An introduction paragraph where you introduce yourself, share why you're interested, and emphasize why you're an ideal candidate

The body paragraphs - the most crucial section of your cover letter - where you summarize your qualifications and how they make you an ideal candidate to meet the job requirements and demands, in one to two paragraphs

A conclusion paragraph , where you'll conclude with appreciation and a call to action

The closing , with a professional closing salutation and your name

For more detailed information on how to write a cover letter with a cover letter example, refer to “ How to Write a Cover Letter (With Example) .” 

Your cover letter, unlike your resume, addresses the employer directly and with a tone that's more personable than a resume. The exact tone you go with for your cover letter should reflect the industry and organization to which you're applying, though it's still good to showcase some personality. When doing so, ensure you still keep it professional and don't be too personal to the point that it distracts from the letter's overall goal and ability to leave a positive impression. 

The tone of a resume is straightforward and objective. It offers the reader specific details about your past work history, key qualifications, and skills. 

A resume is mostly past-oriented, meaning that it focuses largely on your past work history and experiences. Much of a resume is written in the past tense, as well. 

A cover letter is written primarily in the present tense. The focus of a cover letter is more on the present and future, including mentioning current and future objectives. 

What can a cover letter explain that a resume cannot?

As noted, where a resume shows how you're a good fit for the job, a cover letter can discuss why you're a good fit. Also, a cover letter can explain details about your resume that you might not have had space for on the resume. For example, if you listed a work experience bullet point with a great accomplishment, yet you weren't able to highlight the challenges you overcame for that significant achievement, that might be something to include in the cover letter if it adds value and is relevant. 

Cover letter vs resume vs application letter

In addition to a cover letter and resume being part of your arsenal of career marketing tools, you might also be wondering where an application letter fits in - especially since some confuse an application letter with a cover letter. 

What is the difference between a resume and an application letter?

As mentioned, a resume is a document required for job applications and provides a succinct overview of your work history and credentials. An application letter provides a detailed overview of your work history and credentials in a letter format and is typically not used in conjunction with a resume.

What is the difference between a cover letter and an application letter?

Though a cover letter and application letter share similar features, they're different in content and purpose. A cover letter complements a resume and provides an introduction to yourself and an overview as to why your qualifications make you a good fit for the job. It's sent with the resume as part of the application process. 

An application letter is more detailed and dives deeper into an applicant's work history and qualifications. It's common to send an application letter to an employer of interest, even if they don't have any job openings at the time. In other words, it's sent outside of the application process and often expresses interest in working for the organization. 

The structure is similar to a cover letter, because they're both professional business letters. However, since the intent of a cover letter and application letter differs, the content focus is different between the two. 

Cover letter vs resume: yes, you need both (with rare exceptions)

Now you know the similarities and differences between a cover letter vs resume and the purpose of each. You also know that, in most instances, it's best to submit a cover letter with your resume when applying for jobs. Including both helps you to set yourself apart from others in a tough job market and make a positive first impression on hiring teams! 

Wondering if your resume and cover letter complement each other the way they should? Our team of TopResume experts can help you to ensure that both showcase the correct elements to help you land the interviews you desire. You can even submit your resume for a free review   to get started!

Recommended reading: 

How to List Certifications on a Resume (with Examples)

How to Start a Cover Letter that Grabs Attention

How to Include Relevant Coursework on a Resume (with Examples)

Related Articles:

Do Hiring Managers Actually Read Cover Letters?

How to Create a Resume With No Education

Why You Lose When You Lie on Your Resume: Learning From Mina Chang

See how your resume stacks up.

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What Is the Difference Between a Resume and a Cover Letter?

• Resume vs. Cover Letter

What a Resume Includes

What a cover letter includes.

• Use a Cover Letter to be Subjective

 Prostock-Studio / iStock / Getty Images Plus

What's the difference between a resume and a cover letter? Both a cover letter and a resume share the common purpose of proving that you have the right skills to excel at the job for which you are applying.

However, there are clear distinctions between the structure and intent of the two documents. Job seekers should view their cover letter and resume as a complementary but unique pair of documents. That is, your cover letter should be more than just bullet points regurgitated from the resume. 

Many employers require that a resume is submitted with a job application. 

A cover letter may not be required. But, including one when you apply for a job can help your chances of getting selected for an interview.

The Difference Between a Resume and a Cover Letter

You can think of your resume as a general summary of your work experience and your cover letter as a summary of your work experience as it relates to the job at hand. 

A resume is a document that itemizes your employment history. It summarizes the jobs you have held, the education you have attained, certifications, skills, and other quantifiable information about your background and work experience. 

The most common  resume format  is a list with your contact information, and experience section that includes job titles, position descriptions, dates of employment, an education section, and other relevant information.

Typically, a resume is written in the third person and uses as few words as possible to summarize the experience. So, instead of writing "I supervised the large buying team at XYZ company" a resume would have a bullet point that says, "Supervised 19-person buying team."

Whenever possible, you'll want to use numbers on your resume, such as the number of people you supervised, percent sales increased, the number of customers helped, etc.

A cover letter is written to highlight the qualifications you have for the job for which you are applying. It is used to provide the employer with additional information as to why you are a good candidate for the job. The main function of your cover letter is to show off how your qualification makes you a match for the job. 

A cover letter is written in a letter format including a salutation, several paragraphs, and a closing. Unlike a resume, you should use the first-person to write your cover letter . (That said, avoid using "I" too much.)

Your resume should provide employers with a detailed list of your work experience and education. The skills and accomplishments associated with each job you have held should be described in enough detail to show employers how you have added value in those specific roles.

Often, resumes provide information in bulleted lists; this helps make the document concise and allows recruiters to scan through it quickly. 

A cover letter is a short three or four paragraph document. It should be written with the assumption that employers will consult your resume to match it to the statement you are making in the letter about your qualifications.

A cover letter will help employers to interpret your background as represented on the resume and will help prove how your previous experiences qualify you for a job.

When you are writing a cover letter for a job, first review the job requirements that are detailed in the job posting. Use your cover letter to explain how you meet those criteria.

Use a Cover Letter to Convey Subjective Information

A resume states the facts – who, what, when, and how. In contrast, a cover letter provides an opportunity to explain why you are qualified for the job. This document adds a bit of color and personality and is intended to persuade employers that you're a good fit for the position at hand. 

A cover letter is a better vehicle than a resume to convey more subjective information like the basis of your interest in a position, how your values motivate you to pursue a job, or why the culture of a company appeals to you.

Your cover letters will help you sell your qualifications to prospective employers while your resume provides the details to back up the information included in your letters.

More From Forbes

Cover letter vs resume: here are the key differences.

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As a job seeker you need to be ready with both a resume and a cover letter.

You need both a resume and cover letter in your job search.

Most job applications require a resume right away, and the best resumes are matched to the jobs you are targeting. Some jobs posted on LinkedIn allow you to “Easy Apply” with just your LinkedIn profile (so you should optimize your LinkedIn profile too) but even with these jobs you often have the opportunity to attach a resume in addition to your LinkedIn profile. If your resume has more details (or different details) than your LinkedIn profile, you’ll want your application to include both.

Not every job posting requests or even allows a cover letter, but sometimes it’s required to move forward. Even when it’s optional, submitting a cover letter puts an additional piece of marketing yourself in front of prospective employers, so take that opportunity (and do what you can to maximize the chance that employers will read your cover letter ). The cover letter is not redundant to your resume. Here are the key differences:

1 - Structure of a resume vs cover letter

The most obvious difference is that the cover letter looks different than the resume. The cover letter is a business letter, or even if it’s the shorter, more casual email version, it’s still structured like a letter. On the other hand, the resume is structured like an outline of your career trajectory. Sections include your contact information, a summary of highlights, experience, education and additional information, such as technical skills, volunteer work and interests.

2 - Voice of a resume vs cover letter

Since the cover letter and resume are structured differently, your voice (i.e., how you express yourself) comes across differently with each tool. The resume is written in bullet points, which is sufficient for getting the information across, but not so much your personality. Don’t be cute with your resume in an effort to show your personality – it just looks unprofessional. I once received a resume printed on a page with a banana (yes, the fruit) in the background. The resume header said, “I’m ripening”. Perhaps, the resume writer wanted to different enough to be remembered. I do remember that resume, but not for the right reasons!

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Your personality has more of a chance to shine through in your cover letter. The cover letter is written in prose, so even though it also shares information like the resume, the details unfold in complete sentences – ideally like a story, if you write a compelling cover letter. You are not bound to specific sections like the resume, with experience in one place, education in another, etc. Unlike the resume, you are also not restricted to reverse chronological order. You can decide to group information differently and to jump around in time, depending on what details you want to highlight. The choices you make reflect your voice and message.

3 - How employers use the resume vs cover letter

Given the different ways a cover letter and resume dispense information, employers use these tools differently. Recruiters skim resumes in second, looking at your career chronology – is there a clear progression of increasing responsibility? Are there long employment gaps or short job tenures that need further explanation? Do the skills and experience listed on the resume match what the job requires?

The cover letter showcases your communication skills and style. If the job opening requires writing ability, the cover letter is the first proof point employers see. The cover letter also can highlight things that aren’t obvious from the resume or anticipate and explain potential objections to your candidacy. For example, if you have employment gaps or short job tenures that an employer will see from your resume, you can explain what you accomplished during your unemployed time, or that your short job tenures were because you followed your mentor from job-to-job. If your relevant skills and experience is from school or other non-work activity, your cover letter can highlight these in a way that may get overlooked in the resume.

4 - How you should use your resume vs cover letter

Since the cover letter and resume have such different structures, voice and impact on the employer, you need to differentiate how you are using these tools. Do you thoughtfully choose what to include in your cover letter and not just summarize what’s already in your resume? Does your cover letter highlight the skills and experience that match your dream job? Does your cover letter explain away any red flags from your resume?

Your resume can serve as an audit of your career. Does your experience section show progress over time? Are the results and responsibilities you elaborate on in each job tangible and translatable to the jobs you are targeting? Does your education reflect continuous learning (or are you at least learning new skills on the job)? Is your Summary right at the top of the resume a reflection of your range of experience and expertise, as well as directly relevant to the level and scope of job you want?

A strong resume and cover letter are just one part of your job search kit

You need both a resume and a cover letter. You also need a strong LinkedIn profile, not just for Easy Apply jobs, but also because, when you network during your job search, people will look you up online. Then, since you’ll be networking, you need a strong networking pitch to introduce yourself. If these marketing tools get you in the door, you’ll need strong interviewing skills (e.g., starting strong , not rambling , answering difficult questions ) to land the job.

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Cover Letter Vs Resume: What’s the Difference?

May 22, 2024

During a job search, you’ll often be asked to apply with both a resume and cover letter. But if you’re new to the job search or if you don’t actively look for jobs often, you might be wondering what’s the difference between a cover letter and a resume? This post will help educate you on what both a resume and a cover letter are, and compare resume vs cover letter and how they’re the same, and compare cover letter vs resume and how they’re different.

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What is a resume?

A resume is a formal, one-to-two page document that articulates a detailed overview of your work history, skills, accomplishments, and education. The goal is to present your qualifications and credentials to a hiring manager hiring for a specific position to demonstrate your fit for the role. It’s the first impression hiring managers have of you as it’s the go-to document that hiring managers request for consideration.

What is a cover letter?

A cover letter is a one page informal and personalized letter that explains to a specific person on the hiring team who you are and why you’re the most qualified person applying for this role. You’ll use storytelling and persuasion to convince this hiring manager to give you an interview by sharing anecdotes about your experiences that go beyond the bullet points on your resume. It’s also an opportunity for you to showcase your personal flair with your writing to capture the attention of a hiring manager.

Resume vs cover letter: what’s the same?

1. both used in the job search.

When comparing cover letter vs resume, it’s important to know that they’re both important documents in the job search process. They can be used together to sell you as a candidate so you can land your next role. When searching for a job, most require these documents to better understand who you are, why you’re looking for a role, and how well qualified you are. They can also be used in conjunction with a LinkedIn profile to better understand who you are as a candidate. If you’re looking for a job, creating a resume and a cover letter for each role you apply for will give you a competitive advantage as recruiters do read these documents to assess whether or not to give you an interview.

2. They typically have a cohesive design

A resume and cover letter are often used together and as a result they often have a cohesive design that ties the two documents together. They might have the header and contact information in the same style or use the same color palette to unify the two documents together. Their designs are functionally different but there are typically elements in a resume and cover letter so that a hiring manager can see that the two documents go together for that candidate to create a unified look.

3. They both use similar keywords

A resume and cover letter both require keywords in order to pass through ATS filters. You’ll likely use similar keywords in your resume and cover letter, especially since most of the keywords will be related to your specific job. Every job has its own set of keywords. For example, a content writer will have keywords like writing, content, SEO, editing, and so on. You’ll want to use a tool that scans your job description for keywords that you should be adding to your resume and cover letter to ensure your documents pass through filters to land you in the interview pile. You can use Huntr’s job description keyword finder to help you find these keywords with ease.

Cover letter vs resume: what’s the difference?

1. they have different purposes.

When comparing cover letter vs resume, it’s important to know they both serve different purposes. A resume is an overall one to two page summary of your work history, education, skills, and accomplishments. A cover letter is a one page introduction of who you are and why you’re a great fit for the role you’re applying to. It might better elaborate on the connection between the job posting and your qualifications to help hiring managers better understand why they should choose you specifically to be included in the interview process.

2. They have different formats

A resume format is different from a cover letter. A cover letter is an actual letter addressed to a hiring manager. A resume has sections and within sections, your accomplishments are written in bullet points in fragments. In a cover letter, you’ll need to be mindful of grammatical rules. And in a resume, it has its own set of rules. You don’t need to put periods at the end of a bullet point, it’s actually customary not to include one unless it’s two sentences long. A resume might also include some lists, such as within the skill section. Whereas, when you mention a list in a cover letter, you’ll need to use commas to separate them in your letter as you would when structuring a sentence. So, overall, when comparing resume vs cover letter, they do use different formats.

3. They have different content

When comparing cover letter vs resume, it’s important to know they both use different content. A resume is a walkthrough of your work history in recent years. LinkedIn might include every job you’ve ever held. But your resume is only your most recent work history, so you don’t need to include jobs from over a decade ago. A cover letter is a formal letter explaining what interested you in the role, why you’re looking for a job right now, explains any employment gaps, and further explains the connection between the role you’re applying to and your qualifications. A cover letter complements your resume for hiring managers.

4. They’re personalized differently

A cover letter and resume are personalized differently. A resume might be personalized by including tailored experiences and keywords to the job posting, includes relevant work experience, includes key skills, and more. A cover letter is a personalized letter directed to the hiring manager or recruiter for the role. It actually addresses a person specifically. It also draws connections between the role and your qualifications to help that person see that you’re the ideal candidate for the role. You might personalize the cover letter with a story or anecdote about who you are and how that ties into the company’s values or needs.

5. They have different lengths

A resume and cover letter often have different lengths. A resume is often a one to two page document, though most people aim for one page. It’s scannable in design, so it’s not walls of text but easy-to-read bullet points. A cover letter is written in paragraph format, so it’s often just under a page in length covering about 250 to 400 words. Whereas a resume might be between 450 to 600 words. It’s more common for a resume to be longer than a cover letter as it highlights more of your relevant, tailored experiences for a role. It’s also the key part of the application process so more time needs to be invested into it.

6. They have different tones

When comparing cover letter vs resume, it’s important to note they have different tones from each other. A resume is a more professional, formal, and fact-based document. Whereas a cover letter is more casual, conversational, and engaging in nature. A resume might use hard numbers, bullet points, and objective language. And a cover letter uses a mix of story telling and persuasiveness to entice you into considering them for the next stage of the hiring process.

7. One is required, another is recommended

When comparing resume vs cover letter, it’s important to see the difference between whether or not they’re required. It’s hard finding a job that doesn’t require a resume as a minimum to be considered for a role. Even to work at fast food restaurants or in retail stores, you’ll need to present a resume to be considered for a position at that company. Beyond this, some hiring managers will mandate a cover letter. But that cover letter isn’t going to be the most important document in the decision making process. After all, cover letters are often recommended to be added rather than mandated. A cover letter is merely supplemental information to help hiring managers in their decision making process.

8. They have different designs

While we mentioned earlier that cover letters and resumes have a cohesive design to tie them together, they do look visually different from each other. A resume is often structured with headings, such as summary, work experience, education, or skills. The design is all about scannability, and so the use of bullet points is standard practice on this type of document. A cover letter is a formal letter so it contrasts with the bullet point design of the resume. You’ll likely find one-inch margins with text going from wall to wall in a cover letter. A cover letter’s written content is more closely condensed like you’d find in a book or a formal letter. Readability is still important in a cover letter but it’s not as easy to scan.

9. They have a different target audience

A resume and a cover letter have different target audiences. A resume is a document that’s seen by the recruiter, hiring manager, hiring team, and all other stakeholders in the decision making process. So, if one of your interviews requires you to “meet the team” that whole team will likely be reading your resume before meeting with you to ask you specific questions. A cover letter is often a document for the hiring manager who will be making the hiring decision. It’s personalized. Maybe you’ll write one for a specific recruiter or person who will make the decision of whether or not to include you in the next round of interviews. But since cover letters boil down to personalization, it’s typically written with one person in mind rather than a broader audience. Some people use the same resume for multiple companies (we don’t recommend this, but it happens). But your cover letter is always tailored to a specific person at a company.

10. They use different pronouns

When doing a comparison of cover letters vs resumes, understand that they both use different pronouns. In a cover letter, you’ll be using the word I a lot as you’re doing story telling about yourself and persuading someone else to hire you. You might also use the word you. Overall, first-person and second-person pronouns will be used in your cover letter. However, in your resume, you won’t use pronouns at all. You’ll write formal bullet points that objectively highlight your experience without mentioning yourself or addressing other people. Even when you’re talking about your work experience in relation to people it’s kept formally. For example, “Led a team of six high-performing individuals and successfully hit targets of $1,000,000” is a formal way to talk about others on a resume. Whereas, a cover letter would be written differently, such as “I helped coach and mentor a team of six high-performing contributors and we successfully hit targets of $1,000,000.”

11. One requests an interview, the other has no ask

In a cover letter, you’ll have a call-to-action that asks the hiring manager to consider you for an interview. Whereas in a resume, you’ll have no call-to-actions or requests for interviews. The document is a standalone one that simply highlights all your credentials and qualifications but makes no requests. In a cover letter, you might write, “I know that I would thrive in this role if given an opportunity, all I’m asking for is a chance to prove myself in an interview to be considered for this position.”

12. One explains things in detail, the other is brief

When comparing cover letter vs resume, a cover letter explains things in greater detail than a resume. A resume is brief, to the point, bullet form content. A recruiter might see an employment gap in your resume, but a cover letter explains what happened there. For example, you might write that you went through a corporate restructuring. This will help clarify that you didn’t do anything wrong and leaves little to the imagination. A cover letter is your opportunity to further explain your qualifications, employment gaps, or any weird quirks about your resume honestly so you can be considered for a role.

Time to write them

Now that you know what a resume and cover letter is and how they’re similar and different, it’s time to create your own for your job search. Since you’re still new to the world of creating resumes and cover letters, you can use Huntr, an easy to use AI resume builder with a cover letter generator that’ll allow you to create your own resumes and cover letters with ease. Sign up for Huntr today!

Nicole Martins Ferreira

Nicole Martins Ferreira, Senior Writer at Huntr, brings a rich background in marketing, tech, and ecommerce to craft insightful content on job search strategies and career advancement. With experience from Super Magic Taste to Shopify, she excels in creating engaging, actionable advice for job seekers. Nicole's expertise in SEO and content marketing, honed across diverse roles, enables her to effectively guide individuals through the complexities of the job market. Her contributions at Huntr are vital, offering readers valuable tips and strategies to navigate their professional journeys successfully, making her work an invaluable resource for job seekers everywhere.

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Resume VS Cover Letter in 2024 [Detailed Guide & Examples!]

Navigating the job market in 2024 can be tricky, with every detail in your job application making a huge difference. 

In such a situation, you might find yourself wondering about the roles of resumes and cover letters and how each can help your job hunt. 

While a resume showcases your skills and experiences, a cover letter adds a personal touch, explaining why you're the perfect fit. But blending these two effectively isn't always straightforward.

But worry not! 

This guide will show you how to create a spotless application by telling you all about resumes vs cover letters, including:

• Resume Vs Cover Letter: 3 Key Differences 

Resume Vs Cover Letter: 3 Key Similarities

• What to Include in Your Resume and Cover Letter
• Resume and Cover Letter Examples

Let’s dive in!  

Resume Vs Cover Letter: 3 Key Differences

When you're on the hunt for a new job, understanding the difference between a resume and a cover letter is crucial. 

They might seem like they serve the same purpose at first glance, but they're actually quite different in terms of format, tone, and purpose. 

Let's break down these key differences to help you leverage each one effectively in your job application: 

#1. Format 

The main difference between a resume and a cover letter is how they’re formatted. A resume’s format is structured, almost like a database of your professional life. It's a concise, bullet-pointed list showcasing your work experience, skills, and educational background. 

The idea is to make it easy for the employer to scan through your qualifications quickly. Think of it as a highlight reel of your career, with each point clear and to the point.

On the other hand, a cover letter has a more narrative style. It's your chance to tell a story about your professional journey. Here, you're not just listing your achievements and skills; you're explaining them. 

You can dive into details about key experiences, how you tackled challenges, and why you're a great fit for the role. While your resume is factual and to the point, your cover letter allows your personality and enthusiasm to shine through.

What you include in a cover letter is also different from a resume. In your cover letter , you're linking your skills and experiences directly to what the job requires, using examples and anecdotes. Meanwhile, your resume serves as a straightforward record of your professional path and competencies.

The tone is where you see the difference between a resume and a cover letter. 

A resume is all about being professional and straightforward. You're sticking to the facts: your past job titles , the skills you've mastered, and your educational background. It's like a formal report about you, so there's not much room for personal flair or storytelling.

In contrast, your cover letter is where you can be a bit more relaxed and personal. 

This doesn't mean you should be overly casual, but it's definitely the place to add a bit of your personality. You can write in the first person, share your enthusiasm for the job, and talk about why you're excited about the opportunity. It's like having a conversation with the hiring manager, telling them why you'd be a great fit for the job.

So, while your resume is the straight-to-the-point , no-nonsense part of your application, your cover letter is where you get to be more expressive. 

#3. Purpose

When it comes to the purpose of a resume and a cover letter, it's all about showing different sides of your professional story. 

Your resume is the backbone of your job application; it's essential. It gives a clear, concise rundown of your professional journey. Basically, it's your way of saying, "Here's what I've done and what I'm good at." You can apply for a job with just a resume, but it's just a part of the whole picture.

The cover letter is what fills that picture. It complements your resume by filling in the gaps and adding context to your experiences. This is your space to explain why you're interested in the job and how your background makes you a great fit. It's like adding color to a black-and-white photo. 

By writing a cover letter , you're showing hiring managers that you're not just tossing your resume into every job opening you see. You're taking the time to present a complete, well-thought-out application.

So, while your resume is key, including a cover letter can be a game-changer. It shows you're a dedicated job seeker who understands the value of presenting a full picture. Hiring managers often look for this effort as it demonstrates you’re serious about the role. In a stack of many resumes, a well-crafted cover letter can be the thing that makes you stand out .

If navigating the world of job applications can be tricky, it helps to know that both resumes and cover letters also share some common ground.

While they have their differences, they also have key similarities like length, the need to be tailored to the job, and using matching templates. 

Understanding these similarities can help you create a cohesive and compelling job application package:

#1. Length 

First up, let's talk about length. Both your resume and cover letter should be pretty brief . 

The recommended resume length is usually one page long . You can have a two-page resume , but that's only if you have tons of experience and are applying for an executive position. 

As a rule of thumb, though, your resume should be all about being concise and to the point. You want to make sure every word counts, especially since hiring managers don't spend a lot of time on each resume.

Your cover letter should also be short and sweet. Aim for about three to four paragraphs , and don’t go over one page. You're not writing your autobiography here; you're giving a snapshot of why you're the right fit for the job. It's your chance to highlight the most important parts of your resume and add a bit of personality, but remember, brevity is key.

So, whether it's your resume or cover letter, keep it tight. You want to give just enough to spark interest and make them say, "Let's call this person for an interview."

#2. Tailoring it to the Job

Now, let's talk about tailoring these documents to the job. 

This is super important for both your resume and cover letter. You can't just send the same version to every job opening; it needs to feel like it was made just for that specific role. For your resume, this means highlighting the experience and skills that are most relevant to the job you're applying for. You've got to show them that what you've done lines up with what they need.

Your cover letter needs this custom touch, too. It's your chance to draw a clear line between your skills and experiences and the job's requirements. Here, you're telling them, "Hey, see these things on my resume? This is how they make me a great fit for your job." It's about making the connection between you and the role crystal clear.

So, whether it's tweaking your resume to highlight certain experiences or writing a cover letter that speaks directly to the job ad, tailoring each document is key. It shows that you're not just looking for any job; you're interested in this job.

Looking for a new job? Be sure to read the ultimate guide to the job hunt for help along the way!

#3. Matching Templates 

Lastly, there's the visual aspect – using matching templates for your resume and cover letter. When these two pieces of your application match, it gives everything a cohesive and professional look. 

Think of it like wearing a matching outfit to an interview; it just looks more put together. Using the same design, colors, and font style in both documents creates a strong, unified brand for you as a professional. It's a subtle touch, but it can make your application stand out.

Having a matching set also shows attention to detail. It tells the hiring manager that you've put thought and effort into your application. It's not just about the content; it's also about presenting it in a way that's pleasing to the eye and easy to read.

If you're not a design whiz, don't worry. There are tools out there that can help.

For example, Novorésumé offers matching templates for resumes and cover letters. This makes it super easy to create a professional and stylish-looking application package. 

With a few clicks, you can have a resume and cover letter that look like they were made to go together, because, well, they were!

What to Include in Your Resume

Your resume is your professional story on a page. It's crucial to include the right information to showcase your skills and experiences effectively. Here's a breakdown of what to include:

• Contact Information : Start with the basics - your name, phone number, email, and LinkedIn profile. Make sure your email sounds professional and not like something you came up with in high school (e.g.: [email protected]). 
• Resume Summary or Objective : This is a brief statement at the top of your resume. It should highlight your career achievements and aspirations. Tailor it to reflect how you're a great fit for the specific job you're applying for.
• Professional Experience: List your past jobs in reverse chronological order. Include your title, the company name, dates of employment, and a brief description of your responsibilities and achievements in each role.
• Skills (Hard and Soft): Highlight both your technical skills (like programming languages or marketing tools) and soft skills (like communication or problem-solving ). Tailor these to match the job description.
• Education : Include your most recent and relevant educational experiences. List the degree, the institution, and the year of graduation. You can also mention academic honors or extracurricular activities if they're relevant (I.e.: if you’re a recent graduate or entry-level professional).
• Optional Sections : If you have leftover space on your resume, you can include optional sections such as any languages you speak, any volunteer work you’ve done, your certifications or personal projects, as well as your hobbies and interests .

Are you wondering if you should write a CV or resume ? Read our article to find out what the differences are!

What to Include in Your Cover Letter

A cover letter is your chance to make a personal connection with the employer. It complements your resume by bringing your experiences to life. Here’s what you should include:

• Contact Information: Just like your resume, start with your name, phone number, and email. No need for your address, but including your LinkedIn profile could be a nice touch.
• Addressing the Hiring Manager: It's important to address your cover letter to the right person. If you can, find out the name of the hiring manager and address them directly (like "Dear Ms. Smith"). This personal touch shows you've put in the extra effort and makes your letter feel more tailored and respectful.
• Introduction: Grab their attention. Start with a concise introduction about who you are and why you're interested in the role. A compelling opener can make a big difference.
• Why You’re Interested in the Role: Explain what drew you to the job. Be specific about why the company or the role excites you. This shows you've done your homework.
• Your Relevant Experience and Skills: Here's where you match your skills to the job description. Use specific examples from your past to show how you've used these skills effectively to show the hiring manager why they should hire you.
• Conclusion and Call to Action : Wrap it up by reiterating your interest and thank the reader for their time. A proactive closing, like mentioning your eagerness to discuss your application in an interview, leaves a strong final impression.

13 Resume Examples

Are you wondering what a great resume looks like? Here are 13 resumes for different professions to inspire you:

#1. Business Analyst Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing a business analyst resume here.

#2. Digital Marketing Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing a digital marketing resume here.

#3. Software Engineer Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing a software engineer resume here.

#4. Construction Project Manager Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing a construction project manager resume here.

#5. Customer Service Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing a customer service resume here.

#6. High School Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing a high school resume here.

#7. Student Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing a student resume here.

#8. Server Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing a server resume here.

#9. Actor Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing an actor resume here.

#10. Web Developer Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing a web developer resume here.

#11. Engineering Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing an engineering resume here.

#12. Computer Science Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing a computer science resume here.

#13. Architect Resume Example 

Check out our full guide to writing an architect resume here.

13 Cover Letter Examples

And here are some cover letter examples to take your application from great to perfect:

#1. Customer Service Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a customer service cover letter here.

#2. Marketing Executive Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a marketing executive cover letter here.

#3. Medical Assistant Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a medical assistant cover letter here.

#4. Consultant Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a consultant cover letter here.

#5. College Student Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a college student cover letter here.

#6. Retail Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a retail cover letter here.

#7. Team Leader Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a team leader cover letter here.

#8. Actor Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing an actor cover letter here.

#9. Digital Marketing Cover Letter

#10. Executive Assistant Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing an executive assistant cover letter here.

#11. Finance Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a finance cover letter here.

#12. Graphic Designer Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a graphic designer cover letter here.

#13. IT Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing an IT cover letter here.

Key Takeaways 

And that’s a wrap on everything you need to know about cover letters and resumes. 

Before you go and perfect your application based on what you just read, here’s a rundown of the main points we covered in this article:

• Resumes and cover letters differ in the way you format them, the tone you use when writing them, and the purpose they serve. 
• On the other hand, they also have similarities. For example, they’re typically the same length and need to be tailored to the job you’re applying for. 
• On your resume, make sure to include your contact information, resume summary, work experience, education, skills, and other optional sections. 
• Meanwhile, in your cover letter, you should first include a header with both your and the hiring manager’s contact information. Then you should address the hiring manager, write a captivating introduction, talk about your achievements and skills, and wrap up with a call to action and a professional signature line. 

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Cover Letter vs Resume: 7 Key Differences and the Art of Writing Them (+Examples)

• Nikoleta Kuhejda , 
• Updated November 10, 2023 7 min read

Here's an idea: the resume vs cover letter is a lot like salt vs pepper. Let me explain.

Your resume is like salt — it's a key ingredient required to prepare any dish. Or in this case, to score a job.

The cover letter, on the other hand, is like pepper — you use it to give your dish (your resume) a bit more flavor.

But in the end, salt and pepper work best when used together.  Because of that, it might seem a bit silly to compare the two. Let's do it anyway!

Let’s start with an infographic that shows the key differences between the two.  

What is a resume?

Resume is the most common career document that job seekers use. If you’re going to apply for a job, you'll be required to provide one.

In the simplest terms, the resume is  a concise summary of your education, work history, skills, credentials and achievements . It gives hiring managers a rough idea about who you are as a professional, what’s your work history and your key achievements.

It’s usually one page long and written in chronological order.

But in general, you have three options to choose from — besides chronological, there’s also functional or hybrid resume format . It’s up to you to figure out which one works the best for you.

What should a resume include?

• Contact information: Your resume should begin with your contact details. Add your full name, title, address (optional), email address and phone number. In some countries, it's also common to include birthdate, nationality and photo.
• Professional summary or resume objective : Describe yourself in three sentences. Open with your job title and highlight your key skills and qualifications.
• Work experience: The most important part of your resume. List relevant work history in reverse chronological order. Add 3-5 bullet points under each entry to describe your key achievements.
• Education: If you’re a seasoned professional, it’s enough for you to mention your highest degree and school name. If you’re a student or a fresh graduate, feel free to include more details like relevant coursework, grants, or extracurricular activities.
• Skills: Pick relevant skills and divide them into several subsections like computer skills, soft skills, languages, and others.
• Additional sections: Certifications, courses, awards, strengths, publications, conferences, hobbies, social media, references, etc. All of these are voluntary.

If you're not sure what to write in specific sections of your resume, you can just check our step-by-step resume guide .

But if you prefer watching videos to reading, you might also like this 5-minute video guide to writing the perfect resume. 

What is a cover letter?

Also something that you use to help you get a job… But!

Firstly, it's not always required.

Secondly, even if it is, it only provides additional information to your resume and should never repeat the same content.

I t allows you to explain other things that are impossible to express through the resume, such as :

• explanation why you’re applying for the position
• supporting evidence to why you’d make a good fit
• examples how you can be beneficial to the company
• details about employment gap or less work experience
• your personal story
• your motivation and ambitions

You normally attach it along with your resume and it serves as your introduction to a hiring manager. The ideal cover letter length is 3-4 paragraphs.

What should a cover letter include?

• Date and contact information: List your contact details such as full name, title, email, phone number, address (optional), and the date at the top of the page. Also, add company’s information such as name of the company, department and address.
• Headline: Use numbers, questions, or interesting adjectives. Something like "5 Ways I Can Help You Improve Your Company’s Marketing."
• Personalized greeting: Research the hiring manager's name online — LinkedIn is the perfect tool for this. If you fail to find it, use “ Dear Sir/Madam” .
• 1st Paragraph: Introduction: Use this space to introduce yourself in more detail and explain why this job is exciting to you.
• 2nd Paragraph: Why you’re a great fit: Write a short summary of your career and skills, and tailor it to fit the company's needs.
• 3rd Paragraph: Why the company is a great fit for you: Let them know why do they appeal to you. What excites you about working there? What do you want to learn?
• Closing paragraph: Finish strong and repeat why you’re a great fit (points 5 and 6). Also, explain how and when you’re going to contact them.
• Signature: Use a formal sign-off like " Yours faithfully" (US English) or " Yours sincerely"  (British English) + your full name.

Take the readers on an exciting journey, don't tell them what they already know! Just try to answer the basic questions: Why you? Why this company? Why this role? 

7 differences between the cover letter and resume

Type of document: When you’re applying for a job, you're normally asked to provide a resume. That’s a basic document hiring managers use to filter job candidates. On the other hand, cover letters, while often required, are sometimes optional. This depends on the requirements for the specific job.

Purpose: The purpose of your resume is to summarize your work history and qualifications. Whereas the main purpose of your cover letter is to sell those qualifications. It should introduce yourself to the hiring manager and show how your experience and skills make you a great match for the job.

Content: Your resume should contain key information about your work history and professional background. A cover letter should help the hiring manager to interpret that information. For instance, you may have an employment gap on your resume and in your cover letter, you can explain why.

Information:  Any resume is mostly about facts. In contrast, your cover letter should contain more subjective information, such as reasons for applying for that job, why you’re passionate about your industry or why you’d make a good fit. It’s a place where you can show a bit of your personality.

Format: A resume is divided into multiple sections like Work history , Education , Skills , etc. and should use bullet points under each section. On the other hand, a cover letter is written in a letter format and consists of 3-4 full paragraphs. It includes heading, salutation, introduction, body content, conclusion, and your signature.

Tone: Resumes have more professional and formal tone. In your cover letter, you can use a more conversational tone and give it a more personal touch. This goes hand in hand with the fact that resumes are rather objective and cover letters subjective.

Length: Your resume should be one page long. This of course, depends on where you are in your career. But your cover letter should never go past 3/4 of a page (no matter what your career level is).

Christy's word of advice

Even if the cover letter is not always read, it’s still considered a courtesy to include one, particular by smaller companies who are more likely to manually review each application. Some online applications only allow you to upload one document, so in that case you can either merge your cover letter and resume into one file, or just submit the resume (avoid merging both into one file otherwise, as they serve different purposes and are weighted differently by ATS). If the ad just asks for a resume, you can probably get away with no cover letter.

Christy Morgan, Resident HR Expert

How cover letter and resume complement each other

Although there are multiple differences between the two, they complement each other.

Simply put —  think of your resume as an outline for your cover letter story.

Along the similar lines, you can also think of your  cover letter  as a handbook to your resume. It allows you to translate raw data from your resume into an easy-to-read letter demonstrating your key skills and abilities. Ultimately, the purpose of your cover letter is to get your resume read.

They should also complement each other in the terms of design. Make sure your cover letter template matches the resume template you chose. It makes you look more professional. (For instance, Kickresume allows you to do that.)

In the end, both documents will give you a chance to deliver your “elevator pitch” and help you score a job interview.

Cover letter and resume examples

Let’s now take a look at how it should be done in practice. Below you can find a resume and cover letter example written by a real job seeker who scored a real job in a real company (it's all very real, true story). 

These examples can teach you a bit about content and style of your resume and cover letter. You can even use them as your first drafts to help you get started.

Marketing and Brand Manager at American Eagle Outfitters (Resume Example)

This resume sample was contributed by a real person who got hired with Kickresume’s help.

Marketing and Brand Manager at American Eagle Outfitters (Cover Letter Example)

This cover letter sample was provided by a real person who got hired with Kickresume’s help.

Still need some more inspiration? Visit our resume examples and cover letter examples libraries.

Resumes? Cover letters?

Our AI writer can do it all.

You can even transform your LinkedIn profile into a polished, professional resume . Our tool streamlines the process, helping you create a compelling document that perfectly showcases your skills and experience.

A journalist by trade, a writer by fate. Nikoleta went from writing for media outlets to exploring the world of content creation with Kickresume and helping people get closer to the job of their dreams. Her insights and career guides have been published by The Female Lead, College Recruiter, and ISIC, among others. Nikoleta holds a Master's degree in Journalism from the Comenius University in Bratislava. When she’s not writing or (enthusiastically) pestering people with questions, you can find her traveling or sipping on a cup of coffee.

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Cover Letter vs Resume

Still hesitating between a resume and a cover letter? Arm yourself with both! This article will show how to use these application documents to your advantage.

Nowadays, most candidates are aware that a well-written resume is a must for a successful job hunt. But what about a cover letter?

According to the Society For Human Resource Management statistics, a missing cover letter is a faux pas for at least 20% of organizations (government agencies value cover letters more than private-sector companies though).

However, candidates are at times perplexed as to the purpose of a cover letter. If their resumes are detailed and well-written, what should they put in a cover letter? Should they simply reword the same information?

Indeed, at first sight, both documents seem to share similar traits and mention similar information. But they differ in purpose and mechanics.

Definition of Resume and Cover Letter

A resume is a formal document that showcases your professional experience and skills in a concise form, following a certain structure. It usually lists your education, qualifications, and key achievements, supplemented by occasional and optional details such as personal information, hobbies, etc.

A cover letter is a semi-formal addendum that usually introduces your resume in the body of an email. It informs the employer/recruiter that you are a good fit for a vacancy and prompts them to read your resume.

Difference Between Cover Letter and Resume

How to Prepare a Resume and Cover Letter

Writing a resume and cover letter does involve some of the same information and writing skills.

• Include your personal details. Make sure you add your name, email address, and phone number on both documents;
• Avoid using “Dear Sir or Madam” or “To Whom It May Concern.” Many recruiters will not read past such a generic greeting. Make an effort and find the name of the person in charge of recruiting;
• Peruse the job description. Your resumes should be tailored according to the employer’s job description. For a cover letter, cherry-pick the information to perfectly match your interest and experience to the job description;
• Answer “Why are you the best fit for a position?” This is the main aim of both documents. You should clearly communicate your desire to get the job and the fact that you have the necessa ry qualifica tions.

How to Write a Cover Letter and Resume

If you want to get a better understanding of how to make a good resume and cover letter, check out sample cover letters and resumes.

If you don’t feel confident in your writing skills or you simply want to save some time, you can find dozens of templates to use or you can order professionally written application documents from online builders.

Frequent Questions

Career experts respond to the most common question about the peculiarities of creating and sending cover letters and resumes.

Should I send a cover letter or resume?

You should send both. Even if a cover letter is not mentioned in the list of required application documents, send it just to be on the safe side.

Do you send a cover letter and resume separately?

Absolutely not. The point of sending a cover letter is to signal to the recruiter that you are a viable candidate and your resume is worth their attention. If your cover letter succeeds in this endeavor yet there is no resume attached, your efforts are in vain. If you send a resume sans a cover letter, the odds are that the former will not be read without the latter.

What goes first, the cover letter or resume?

This question is relevant if you are attaching both documents as two files to an email. A sure-fire tactic is to attach the resume as a pdf-file and copy-paste a cover letter into the body of an email. Then the recruiter is sure to see both of your documents.

What to put in a cover letter for my resume?

A cover letter has to complement your resume. So there is no sense in repeating the same information twice. Use the cover letter to reinforce to the recruiter that you fit the job. If the job requirements specify work experience in years, mention the number of years you have in this field. Next, show you have the skills needed. Finally, briefly mention how you want to work for them. Avoid using fluff and beefing your copy up with irrelevant information.

Mistakes in Cover Letters

Let’s take a look at the most typical mistakes made by applicants when writing cover letters.

Limit it to one page. Whether the body of your copy is made of three sentences or three paragraphs, it should contain information about three things: 1) why you are applying and want to work at this particular company; 2) why or how you meet the job requirements; 3) a call to action (contact me by…, I will contact you on…, etc.).

If you have a referral, mention your personal/professional connection and the type of role you are pursuing in the second paragraph.

Avoid saying obvious things. For example, you are advised against starting your document with “I am writing to apply for [job] at [company].” It makes the applicant look lazy and is an indication of lack of imagination or empathy. Both are bad signs for you as a candidate.

Recruiters get tons of boring and almost identical emails, so your task is to stand out. For example, start with a statement of your achievements: “In my two years at Mazda Ltd, I doubled our annual sales.” After such an introduction, a recruiter is more likely to become interested in reading your application. A cover letter is not as formal as a resume, so you can afford to add some personality into it.

If you think that it is enough to toss a list of skills and qualifications at the recruiter right in your first email, you are very wrong. Like any other individual, recruiters are excited by a fresh approach and non-trivial descriptions. Your cover letter can be short, but the word choices need to hit the recruiter right in the heart, piquing their interest to keep reading and eventually invite you to a job interview. And that’s the end goal, right?

It is a good idea to write detailed descriptions so that the recruiter can visualize how great you are at problem solving and the other skills and duties you are referring to. For example, you could write: “If I’m in the middle of a Skype call or a conference and there is an IT problem, I would try to check the wires and plugs while we are all waiting for the IT staff to fix it, rather than sitting idly.” Now, the recruiter immediately grasps your great problem-solving skills and quick reaction.

Be Attentive

Always make sure you follow all the prospective employer’s requirements. Check out whether you included all the documents required. In addition to a typical set of documents, employers may require letters of recommendation and certificates.

Additionally, see if a CV is required instead of a resume. Although you may never need both a CV and resume, it is always better to know the difference between the two. A CV is a longer and more detailed version of a resume. However, in Europe resume and CV are often considered as synonyms.

And remember, cover letters are never abbreviated. If a CV is required, it stands for Curriculum Vitae . It is not an abbreviation for a cover letter.

Adjust the Tone

A resume is a fully fledged, formal document where you have little room to manoeuvre. It follows a certain structure and has specific rules - don’t include pronouns, use short sentences, pack it with information.

In contrast, a cover letter is a semi-formal document in which you stick to the rules of writing a letter - address the recruiter, add a closing, remember to add your name and contacts, etc. In a cover letter, you have more flexibility and can, for example, explain gaps and inconsistencies in your resume. A cover letter allows a conversational tone as if you are talking to … no, not a friend - a mentor!

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The Difference Between Cover Letter vs. Resume in 2024

When it comes to job search, writing a cover letter and resume are two crucial steps to landing interviews. A cover letter is a document that accompanies a resume and provides a brief overview of the candidate’s qualifications and interests, while a resume is a formal document which highlights an individual’s work experience, educational background, professional achievements, and relevant skills.

Why are they important?

Cover letters and resumes are important because they play a vital role in the hiring process. They are often the first impression a potential employer has of a job candidate, and serve as a means for employers to assess a candidate’s skills, experience, and compatibility with the role they are applying for. A well-written cover letter and resume can set a candidate apart from the competition and increase their chances of securing an interview.

Overview of differences

While cover letters and resumes serve different purposes, they are both important components of a successful job application. One key difference is that a resume focuses more on a candidate’s skills and work experience, while a cover letter provides an opportunity for the candidate to showcase their personality and explain why they are interested in the position. Additionally, a cover letter allows a candidate to address any gaps in their resume or explain aspects that may not be immediately apparent to a potential employer.

In essence, both cover letters and resumes are tools that job seekers can use to market themselves effectively to potential employers. Understanding the differences between the two and knowing how to craft them effectively can make all the difference in landing that dream job.

Content Differences

When it comes to job hunting, crafting a cover letter and a resume are essential to making a strong first impression. However, it’s important to understand the differences between the two so you can optimize the content and increase your chances of landing an interview.

What does a cover letter contain?

A cover letter is a brief document that typically accompanies a resume. It’s a way to introduce yourself to the employer and highlight your relevant skills and experience. The goal of a cover letter is to persuade the reader to consider your resume and invite you to an interview.

A well-written cover letter should contain the following elements:

• An introduction that includes the job you’re applying for and your reason for writing
• A summary of your skills and experience that are relevant to the job
• A section that highlights your achievements and accomplishments
• A strong closing statement that thanks the employer for considering your application and expresses your interest in the position.

What does a resume contain?

On the other hand, a resume is a more comprehensive document that provides a detailed overview of your professional experience, skills, and achievements. Its purpose is to showcase your qualifications and convince the employer to hire you.

Your resume should include the following information:

• Your contact information
• A professional summary that highlights your skills and experience
• Your work history, starting with the most recent position
• Your education, training, and certifications
• Your skills and personal qualities that are relevant to the job

Importance of tailoring content to the job

One of the most crucial aspects of creating a strong cover letter and resume is tailoring the content to the job you’re applying for. This means customizing your documents to match the skills, requirements, and culture of the company you’re interested in.

By tailoring your job application to the specific needs of the employer, you’re showing that you’re a good match for the role and the company. It also demonstrates that you’re invested in the company and took the time to research and learn about its needs.

To tailor your cover letter and resume effectively, you need to:

• Research the company and the job posting
• Analyze the job requirements and match them to your skills and experience
• Use relevant keywords and phrases from the job posting in your documents
• Highlight your achievements and accomplishments that are relevant to the job

Understanding the differences between a cover letter and a resume and tailoring them to the job you’re applying for can make a significant difference in your job search success. Spend time crafting these documents and make sure they reflect your most relevant skills and experience.

Formatting Differences

When it comes to creating a cover letter and a resume, there are distinct formatting differences that need to be considered. Here are a few key differences:

Differences in layout and structure

Unlike a resume which has a standardized structure including headings such as “Work Experience,” “Skills,” and “Education,” a cover letter is typically a bit more freeform. It should focus on telling a story about who you are, what you’ve accomplished and why you’re the best fit for the role.

Importance of visual appeal

Your resume and cover letter are a direct representation of you as a candidate. Therefore, it’s important to ensure they have visual appeal. This means using a font that is easy to read, adequate spacing between lines and paragraphs, bullets and numbering for lists, and most importantly, a consistent format.

Tips for formatting

To ensure your cover letter and resume standout in a sea of applicants, here are a few tips to follow:

• Use a standard font such as Times New Roman, Arial or Calibri.
• Use 1-inch margins and spacing of 1.15 or 1.5 between lines and paragraphs.
• Use bold and italics sparingly to emphasize key points.
• Use bullet points and numbered lists where appropriate.
• Ensure your formatting is consistent throughout your document.

By following these tips, your cover letter and resume will be well-formatted, visually appealing and stand out to potential employers.

Purpose Differences

When applying for a job, it’s important to know the differences between a cover letter and a resume, as they both serve different purposes in the job application process.

Purpose of a cover letter

A cover letter is a document that explains why you’re interested in the job and how your skills and experience make you a good fit for the position. It’s essentially a personalized introduction that highlights your qualifications, achievements and career goals. A cover letter is an opportunity to showcase your personality and demonstrate your enthusiasm for the job, as well as your ability to communicate effectively.

Purpose of a resume

On the other hand, a resume is a comprehensive summary of your work history, education, skills, abilities and other relevant information. Its primary purpose is to provide potential employers with an overview of your professional experience and qualifications. A resume is typically designed to be scanned quickly, so it’s important to make it easy to read and to highlight the most important information clearly.

How they work together

While a cover letter and a resume serve different purposes, they still work together to provide a complete picture of the job applicant. The cover letter supplements the resume by providing more context around your qualifications and experience, and by showcasing your personality and communication skills.

When writing your cover letter, you should refer specifically to the job posting and show how your skills and experience align with the requirements of the job. You can also use it to explain any gaps or inconsistencies in your work history or qualifications, which may not be immediately apparent from your resume alone.

Your resume, on the other hand, should be tailored to the specific job you’re applying for, highlighting the skills and experience that are most relevant to the position. While your cover letter can provide more context around your qualifications, your resume should be concise and to-the-point, focusing on the most important aspects of your work history and academic background.

The two documents work together to create a complete and compelling presentation of your qualifications and experience, helping you to stand out from other job applicants and get noticed by potential employers. By understanding the purpose of each document and crafting them carefully and thoughtfully, you can maximize your chances of landing your dream job.

Target Audience Differences

When applying for a job, it’s important to understand the differences in the audience that will be reading your cover letter and resume. Knowing who will be reading each document will help you tailor your message to meet their needs and expectations.

Who Reads Cover Letters?

Cover letters are typically read by the hiring manager or recruiter. These individuals are responsible for screening resumes and selecting candidates to move forward in the hiring process. Cover letters are your opportunity to introduce yourself and make a great first impression.

Who Reads Resumes?

Resumes are typically read by the hiring manager or recruiter, but they may also be reviewed by other members of the hiring team, such as HR or department heads. Resumes provide an overview of your work experience, skills, and qualifications.

What Each Audience is Looking For

Hiring managers and recruiters.

Hiring managers and recruiters are looking for candidates who can meet the requirements of the job and fit in with the company culture. When they read a cover letter, they want to see that you have taken the time to research the company and understand what they do. They also want to see that you have the skills and experience needed for the job.

When reading a resume, hiring managers and recruiters are looking for a clear summary of your work history and accomplishments. They want to see that you have relevant experience in the field and that you have achieved measurable results. They also want to see that you have the skills and qualifications necessary for the job.

HR and Department Heads

When HR and department heads review resumes, they are often looking for specific qualifications, such as degrees, certifications, or professional experience. They want to see that you have the credentials needed to be considered for the job.

Department heads may also be looking for candidates who have a strong background in the specific area of the company that they oversee. For example, a marketing manager might be looking for a candidate who has experience with social media marketing or email marketing campaigns.

Usage Differences

One of the most common questions job seekers have is, “when should I use a cover letter versus a resume?” The answer largely depends on the purpose of the document and what information you want to convey. Let’s dive into the specifics:

When to Use a Cover Letter

A cover letter is an introduction to your resume and should be used when you want to provide a more personalized touch to your job application. You should use a cover letter when:

• You want to showcase your writing skills and ability to communicate effectively.
• You are applying for a job that specifically requires a cover letter. Always read the job posting and follow the application instructions provided.
• You want to explain certain things about your resume or qualifications that may not be immediately apparent, such as gaps in employment, relocation plans, or a career change.
• You want to express your enthusiasm for the company or job opportunity and make a memorable impression on the hiring manager.

A cover letter is your chance to highlight your personality, enthusiasm, and professional writing skills. It’s an opportunity to connect with the employer on a deeper level and stand out from other applicants.

When to Use a Resume

A resume is a comprehensive summary of your professional experience, skills, and education. It should be used when you want to provide a detailed account of your qualifications for a particular job. You should use a resume when:

• You want to demonstrate your achievements and accomplishments in previous roles.
• You want to provide a detailed overview of your skills, experience and education relevant to the position.
• You are applying for jobs that request a resume only or if the company does not specify that a cover letter is required.

A resume is a professional document designed to convey your work experience and accomplishments in a concise and formatted manner. It typically follows a standard format, highlighting core information that is relevant to the role you are applying to.

How to Determine Which to Use

In most cases, submitting both a cover letter and a resume is ideal, especially when applying for professional positions. However, there may be instances where submitting one or the other is sufficient.

Here are some tips to determine whether to use a cover letter or a resume:

• Always read the job posting carefully to see what documents are requested.
• If a cover letter is requested, submit one in addition to your resume.
• If there is no mention of a cover letter and you are unsure whether to include one, contact the company and ask. It’s better to verify than to assume.
• Consider the level of formality of the job you are applying to. For example, a cover letter may be more appropriate for a role in public relations, communications or advertising, where a strong writing ability is essential.
• If it’s unclear which to use and both are optional, assess whether your resume can stand alone or if additional explanations or enthusiasm should be highlighted.

Tone Differences

The tone of your cover letter and resume is crucial in determining the impression you make on potential employers. Maintaining a professional tone is essential, and there are some key differences in tone between cover letters and resumes that you should be aware of. In this section, we will discuss how to maintain a professional tone in both documents, explore the differences in tone between cover letters and resumes, and provide tips for finding the right tone.

How to maintain a professional tone

To maintain a professional tone in your cover letter and resume, it is essential to use formal language, avoid slang or jargon, and avoid overly emotional or personal statements. Use a neutral tone and stick to the facts, focusing on your qualifications and experiences. Proofread your documents carefully to ensure that your writing is clear, concise, and error-free.

Differences in tone between cover letters and resumes

While your resume is a more formal document, your cover letter is more of a personal introduction. The tone of your cover letter should be friendly and engaging while still maintaining a professional tone. Your resume should highlight your skills and experience in a straightforward way, while your cover letter can explore your personality, passion for the industry, and enthusiasm for the position you’re applying for.

Tips for finding the right tone

To find the right tone for your cover letter and resume, research the company and the position you’re applying for. Look at the company’s website and social media pages to get a sense of their values, culture, and tone. Pay attention to the language used in the job listing and use similar language in your documents. Tailor your writing to the specific company and position, and don’t be afraid to let your personality shine through in your cover letter.

Maintaining a professional tone is essential in both your cover letter and resume. While there are differences in tone between the two documents, both should highlight your skills, experience, and qualifications in a clear and concise way. By researching the company and position you’re applying for and tailoring your writing to their specific tone and culture, you can find the right tone for your documents and make a strong impression on potential employers.

Common Mistakes

When it comes to applying for a job, there are certain common mistakes that are made in cover letters and resumes. If done correctly, your cover letter and resume can make an excellent first impression on potential employers. Here are some common mistakes to avoid:

Common Mistakes in Cover Letters

Generic and impersonal salutations: Avoid addressing your cover letter to “To Whom It May Concern” or “Dear Sir/Madam.” Always try to address your letter to a specific person in the company.

Talking too much about yourself: Highlight your strengths and experiences that are relevant to the position you are applying for. Avoid writing too much about yourself and your personal life.

Repeating information from your resume: Your cover letter and resume should complement each other, not repeat information. Highlight specific experiences and accomplishments that you didn’t include in your resume.

Failing to explain how you can contribute: Don’t simply write about why you want the job. Instead, explain how your skills will help the company meet their goals.

Spelling and grammar mistakes: Proofread your cover letter multiple times to ensure there are no spelling or grammar mistakes. This is the first impression potential employers will have of you, so make sure it’s a good one.

Common Mistakes in Resumes

Too much information: Keep your resume concise and to the point. Your resume should be a maximum of two pages.

Non-relevant work experience: Include work experience that is relevant to the job you are applying for. Employers don’t want to see every job you’ve ever had.

Listing job responsibilities instead of accomplishments: Highlight your accomplishments and how they’ve benefited previous employers. Don’t simply list your job responsibilities.

Formatting issues: Make sure your resume is visually pleasing and easy to read. Avoid using complicated fonts, and ensure there is plenty of white space.

Failing to tailor your resume to the job: Customize your resume to fit the job description. Highlight experiences and accomplishments that are relevant to the position.

How to Avoid Common Mistakes

Research the company: Before you write your cover letter and resume, research the company and understand their values and mission.

Tailor your application: Customize your cover letter and resume to fit the job description and the company’s values.

Proofread: Proofread your application multiple times to ensure there are no spelling or grammar mistakes.

Focus on the important details: Highlight your accomplishments and how they’ve benefited previous employers. Don’t simply list job responsibilities.

Seek feedback: Have a trusted friend or colleague look over your application to provide feedback and catch any mistakes you may have missed.

By avoiding these common mistakes, you can make an excellent first impression on your potential employer and stand out from other applicants.

Tips for Writing

Whether you are applying for a new job or looking to improve your professional writing skills, understanding the differences between cover letters and resumes can make all the difference in your success. Here are some tips for writing effective cover letters and resumes, as well as best practices for writing and editing in general.

Tips for Writing a Successful Cover Letter

• Tailor your cover letter to the specific job you are applying for. Use keywords and phrases from the job description to highlight your relevant skills and experience.
• Address the hiring manager by name, if possible. This shows that you have done your research and are invested in the company and position.
• Highlight your unique qualifications and why you are the best candidate for the job. Use specific examples to demonstrate your skills and accomplishments.
• Keep your cover letter concise and to the point, typically one page or less.
• Proofread your cover letter carefully to ensure that it is error-free and professional.

Tips for Writing a Successful Resume

• Use a clear and readable font, such as Arial or Times New Roman, and keep the formatting simple and consistent.
• Focus on your most relevant and recent work experience, using bullet points to highlight your accomplishments and skills.
• Quantify your achievements and responsibilities whenever possible, using numbers and percentages to demonstrate your impact.
• Include relevant keywords and phrases from the job description, as many companies use automated applicant tracking systems to screen resumes.
• Tailor your resume to the specific job you are applying for, emphasizing the skills and experience most relevant to the position.
• Proofread your resume carefully for typos, grammatical errors, and formatting issues.

Best Practices for Writing and Editing

• Start with a clear and concise thesis or main idea, and organize your writing around this central point.
• Use active voice and strong verbs to make your writing more engaging and impactful.
• Keep your writing concise and to the point, avoiding unnecessary words and phrases.
• Use concrete examples and evidence to support your points, and avoid vague or unsubstantiated claims.
• Proofread your writing carefully, checking for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.
• Consider seeking feedback from a trusted colleague or mentor to help improve your writing.

Understanding the differences between cover letters and resumes, and knowing how to write and edit effectively, can help you stand out in today’s competitive job market. By following these tips and best practices, you can create compelling and professional documents that showcase your skills and experience.

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More from ResumeHead

What's the Difference Between a Cover Letter vs a Resume?

Knowing what makes a cover letter and resume different will prevent you from making a mistake and maximize your chances of getting hired.

Your resume gives employers an overview of your professional skills and experience. It offers a snapshot of your career progression. On the other hand, cover letters offer a more personal introduction. It focuses on highlighting why you’re the ideal candidate for a role. A cover letter is where you can explicitly explain why your background aligns with what the company is looking for. 

Cover letters are where you can let your personality shine. It’s an opportunity to highlight and explain how your background makes you uniquely qualified for a particular job position in a company. In contrast, resumes allow you to concisely present your work history, professional growth, and significant achievements from a logical perspective. 

So, cover letter vs resume: do you need to know more about the differences?

Knowing what makes a cover letter and resume different will prevent you from making a mistake and maximize your chances of getting hired. There are some things that don’t belong in a resume that should go on your cover letter instead.

A resume is a concise summary of your work experience and skills, while a cover letter is a personalized document that explains why you're a strong fit for a specific job and expresses your enthusiasm for the role.

Even though both forms of applications are designed to sell yourself, they both take a different approach.

Cover Letter vs Resume: The Key Differences

A resume is a brief, one to two-page document that highlights your work experience , skills, and qualifications, typically in a reverse chronological format. A cover letter , on the other hand, introduces you to the employer, explains why you are a strong candidate for the position, and how your qualifications match the job requirements.

Why Write a Resume?

You write a resume to give hiring managers an overview of your professional background. 

The main thing recruiters are looking for is relevant work experience . A good resume is professionally formatted and easy to navigate. In other words, list previous experience and mention relevant achievements that demonstrate the extent of your skills. 

With a resume, you can showcase a linear career history alongside steady growth. Ultimately, it should be factual and logical. 

Resumes are typically a mandatory requirement for almost all job applications, whereas, cover letters can be optional .

Why Write a Cover Letter?

You write a cover letter to directly explain why the company should hire you. This doesn’t mean you should blatantly write paragraphs praising yourself. It’s about making it clear that you’re genuinely interested in working for the company and explaining how your background makes you a qualified candidate. 

Unlike a resume, cover letters allow you to shed light on your personality. You have more room to express yourself. 

Resumes are for giving recruiters a concise report that shows you have all the relevant skills and experience for carrying out the job responsibilities. Cover letters are for elaborating and putting together a thoughtful message that tells hiring managers why they should hire you. 

As your resume focuses more on what makes you qualified, your cover letter complements that by showing why it makes you the best candidate.

You might also find our other cover letter guides useful: 

• What is The Purpose of a Cover Letter? Here’s What You Need to Know
• How to Write a Cover Letter for Any Job (Including Tips & Examples)

What a Resume Includes 

Resumes do not resemble the structure and format of a cover letter. Rather, it can be seen more like a formal documented report that’s made up of different sections which focus on specific areas. 

Here are all the key bits of information that a resume needs to include: 

• Contact details
• Professional summary 
• List of previous job titles and projects, as well as key achievements and responsibilities, using data to emphasize the impact of your contributions
• Formal qualifications, certifications, and licenses
• Hard and soft skills in the skills section 
• Any additional certifications, relevant experience, or qualifications that help highlight your skills

Let’s break down Rezi’s HR Resume Template below:

Notice how this resume uses clear headers to label each section. 

Firstly, at the top of the resume is the header section which includes your contact information and location.

As we get into the main part of the resume, each section is made clear by a heading. To highlight the candidate’s job position and the company that they’ve worked for, or other key points, the font size is usually larger and made bold. 

Also, compared to cover letters, resumes will mainly use bullet points to provide a description under each section. 

What a Cover Letter Includes 

The standard cover letter includes the following: 

• Contact details, as well as the company name and date. 
• Opening paragraph—mention career highlights and show that you align in values.
• Main body—directly show that you have what it takes to address specific company needs. 
• Thank-you note and reiteration of enthusiasm. 
• Professional sign-off.

While resumes can be seen as a formal overview of your professional background, cover letters are a formal letter that further explains why you're a good fit for the role.

This time, let’s break down Rezi’s HR Cover Letter Template below:

In contrast to a resume, the cover letter header section takes a lot less space.

It begins with a formal greeting before getting into the opening paragraph, which then explains why the candidate is making an application. They’ve also introduced themselves by providing a brief background.

The next few paragraphs in the main body showcases the candidate’s skills and explains the behind the scenes of what they were responsible for. Along with this, they’re also providing their own personal input. 

Where a resume is made up of sections that focus on different areas, cover letters focus on different areas too but it uses paragraphs instead.

However, a cover letter is more detailed and showcases your personality more than a resume.

The Format of a Resume and Cover Letter 

We’ve established that the formats of both applications are different. 

That doesn’t mean they should be completely separate from each other - it still needs to be somewhat consistent.  

For example, you should still be using the same font style and font size.

Also, for cover letters, you should always aim for a one-page cover letter and no further than that. One-page resumes are just as effective, and two-page resumes work when you have a lot of experience to talk about.

When sending over your application electronically, the file type for both your resume and cover letter should be sent as a PDF file with an appropriate file name.

Key differences between cover letter and resume

At this point, we’ve got the bigger picture of the fundamental differences between resumes and cover letters. But, there are a few more differences to know. 

Your resume is more of an overview while your cover letter goes more into the specifics. 

From both applications, you’re selling yourself by showcasing your skills and background. Your resume focuses more on what makes you the best candidate and your cover letter focuses more on why you’re the best candidate.

The Tone of Voice for a Cover Letter

Compared to your resume, the tone of voice for cover letters are friendlier and more conversational. 

Since you should be showing your enthusiasm on your cover letter, you have more freedom to be a bit more subjective and personal. However, that doesn’t mean you can talk to the hiring managers like they’re a close friend . 

Whenever you do make an opinion-based statement, just make sure you provide evidence so you don’t come off as arrogant. 

The Tone of Voice for a Resume

As mentioned earlier, resumes take on a more factual approach. Think of it as a scientific perspective to your job application as opposed to being more personal. 

Unlike a cover letter, the tone of voice for resumes tend to be more formal. 

Cover Letters Complement Resumes 

Most of the time, resumes are the main job posting requirement and cover letters may not be necessary. 

Where ats resume focus on proving you're qualified for the role and that you meet the main requirements, your cover letter prioritizes the “why” aspect for what makes you the best person to hire. With this complementary aspect, it can improve your overall application and help the recruiters make their hiring decision .

Resumes are more difficult to distinguish from one another. On the other hand, cover letters are more noticeable.

With cover letters, it’s easier for the hiring managers to determine which candidate is a better fit for their company culture. And, seeing whose mindset is more aligned with their mission and long-term goals. 

Here are the key takeaways:

• Resumes are like a formal report—they summarize your skills, work experience, and qualifications.
• Cover letters are a documented letter structured in paragraphs which explains in detail why you’re the best fit for a particular job position at a company.
• Resumes will take a more scientific, logical approach, whereas cover letters can take a more personal approach.
• Cover letters complement your resume by going in-depth into how you can contribute to the organization.

Cover letters aren’t always needed, but resumes are almost always mandatory. 

That doesn’t mean you should skip your cover letter. When it’s well-written, it can help you increase your chances of getting noticed.

With Rezi’s AI-powered ATS templates , you can create a job-specific resume and a tailored cover letter that will beat the resume scanners within a few clicks. 

Explore Rezi 🔥 Comes with 5,000 AI Credits, and is free forever, no credit card required.

Astley Cervania

Astley Cervania is a career writer and editor who has helped hundreds of thousands of job seekers build resumes and cover letters that land interviews. He is a Rezi-acknowledged expert in the field of career advice and has been delivering job success insights for 4+ years, helping readers translate their work background into a compelling job application.

Cover Letter vs Resume – What is the Difference?

A job-winning resume and cover letter can set you apart from other job candidates. However, it’s important to know that these two job documents are very different from one another. Learn the differences between the two to maximize your hireability.

At first, the answer to, “What’s the difference between a cover letter and a resume?” seems obvious. But once we get past the fact that a cover letter is clearly a letter – and a resume is not – most job seekers run out of ideas.

Is a cover letter just a resume, written like an essay?

Is it a personal statement about our feelings and beliefs?

Is it something I can skip entirely?

An applicant who doesn’t understand what a cover letter is, or how it differs from other job search materials, will struggle to write one successfully. And, since your cover letter will provide the first impression your prospective employer will have of your interests and abilities, you definitely want to get it right.

This article will explore how a cover letter differs from, and even enhances, other job search materials, such as resumes and CVs.

Equipped with this information, you will be on your way to making an excellent first impression, and landing the job interview you deserve.

To understand the difference between a cover letter and a resume, let’s look closely at what each document is designed to do, how it is created, and how it helps advance your job search.

Resumes vs. Cover Letters: What Do They Do?

What is a cover letter and what does it do.

Imagine that you are a hiring manager, sitting at a desk surrounded by stacks of resumes – impersonal, bullet-pointed documents listing the names of companies of which you may have never heard. Some may have more bullet points, some may have more color, but they all start to look the same.

Then, you pull a resume with a cover letter from the pile. It addresses you by name and outlines the personal journey of the candidate – their passion for the industry, their supporting experience, and the research they’ve done on your company.

Intrigued, you read their attached resume more carefully and, concluding that they are the type of go-getter your company needs, you add the candidate to the interview list, before returning to your stack of nearly identical resumes.

That story illustrates why a cover letter matters. More than just “a letter you include with your resume,” a cover letter lends depth and personality to your resume, by allowing you to sell your skills and enthusiasm, while making your resume stand out from the crowd.

To this end, a cover letter is a concise – often one page – introduction of who you are, your interest in the position, how your top skills and experiences have prepared you for the position, and a closing “call to action,” typically a politely-worded request for an interview.

What a Cover Letter Doesn’t Do:

A cover letter is not simply a retelling of your resume.

With that in mind, do not provide a long-winded overview of all the skills or positions listed on your resume, and refrain from repeating, “as you can see in my resume” before discussing your credentials.

Furthermore, if you have included any language pulled directly from your resume in your cover letter, such as a cut-and-paste of bullet points or of your objectives statement, remove it. Instead, think of what fresh clarity or perspective you could bring to that information to show your skills at their best.

Remember, even if you wrote your resume and cover letter days apart, your hiring manager will review them together, back-to-back. Any cutting and pasting you’ve done will make you look lazy or disinterested, not efficient.

Instead, think of your resume like an appetizer – it should make the hiring manager hungry to read your resume and to meet you in person – not stuff them full of repetition and redundancy.

With that said, let’s look at the main course of your job application, your resume.

What is a Resume and What Does it Do?:

A resume is a document of 1-2 pages that provides a summary of your professional experience, relevant skills, education, and accomplishments. This document rarely extends back more than 10 – 15 years in the past, and often lists jobs in reverse chronological order, with the most recent opportunities presented first.

Formatted for clarity and simplicity, often using headers and bullet points, a resume is designed to provide an easy-to-scan comparison between you and other candidates, as well as your qualifications and those outlined in the position.

The goal of a resume is to present as much information related to relevant professional experience as possible, with a particular focus on specific responsibilities, measurable achievements and transferable skills.

Both the nuances of writing a resume and CV are hard to master. If you’re feeling overwhelmed, consider seeking professional help from resume writing services

What a Resume Doesn’t Do:

A resume is not intended to tell your life story.

In fact, the word resume derives from a French word meaning “summary” – and that is exactly what it is.

Resumes are not the place for dense blocks of text, inspirational quotes, or discussions of role models. Furthermore, while soft skills, such as communication and dependability can be listed in specific sections, resumes don’t usually allow much room to explain context.

Instead, a resume presents a concise overview of all the measurable reasons why you are prepared to excel at the position, with a focus on current and recent experiences. With this in mind, resumes rarely allow for a sense of the “whole person,” thereby requiring candidates to find another means by which to share that information.

Resumes vs. Cover Letters: How Are They Formatted?

Format of a cover letter.

First and foremost, a cover letter is a business letter, and you will want to follow those formatting conventions as much as possible.

While there are a number of cover letter templates available online, or through Microsoft Word, at no cost, there are still some basic formatting guidelines that will help you on your way:

• Use one-inch margins on all sides of the document
• Left-align all contents
• Pick a standard business font, like Times New Roman or Calibri, in size 11 or 12
• Use single spacing overall, and double spaces between paragraphs
• Don’t indent your paragraphs
• If possible, include an inserted image of your actual signature in your closing, creating the visual impression of a signed document
• Save your cover letter as a PDF before submitting electronically. This preserves the layout, keeping a professional appearance regardless of the device on which the document is viewed

Taking these tips into consideration, it is still good to keep in mind that there is no “right” or “wrong” way to create a cover letter. The goal is simply to explore the story behind your resume through the vehicle of a professional document.

Format of a Resume

There are many different ways to format a resume, depending on the experience and skills you wish to highlight.

For example, a chronological resume presents a list of recently held job experiences in reverse chronological order.

While this format may be a great choice for candidates with relevant work history, candidates who are switching industries, or returning to work after a hiatus, may want to consider a functional resume, which emphasizes skills over positions held.

There is even a hybrid resume format that allows candidates to include the best parts of functional and chronological resumes – using both bullet-pointed skill lists and a chronological job listing.

With so many options, it can be challenging to provide guidelines specific to all formats. However, there are some pointers you should always consider when creating a professional resume, regardless of the specific template your choose:

• Use single spacing, with an added space before and after each section heading
• Left-align content, with the possible exception of your header section
• Choose a tasteful resume header format for your contact information. A little color can be nice, but unless you’re in graphic design, don’t get too creative
• Divide your resume into resume sections, including: Contact Information, Education, Work Experience, Skills, References, etc. But, remember, the order of the sections will depend on your overall goal for the document
• Use bullet points to list specific job accomplishments and professional skills
• Be consistent with your resume formatting
• Consider adding a second page. Contrary to previous assumptions, research suggests that hiring managers are more likely to select resumes that present two pages of experience, as opposed to just one.

These formatting tips should help you create a clean, well-organized document. But the most important part of a resume is the skills and experiences it showcases, so don’t become so focused on formatting that you forget to let your talents shine.

Difference in Cover Letter Tone vs. Resume Tone

As previously discussed, resumes and cover letters are different, but complimentary documents. When used together, they enhance each other, with the cover letter providing depth and character to the list of experiences provided by a resume.

Taking this into consideration, the tone of the documents is different as well.

Examples of Resume Tone – Objective

Resumes typically adopt an objective, matter-of-fact tone, citing data and measurable achievements whenever possible.

This is because a resume is intended to be easily scanned visually, allowing for quick comparison between two competing resumes, or between a resume and a job description. Simple, objective wording makes it easier for a hiring manager to establish your skillset, and as a result recommend you for an interview.

Some examples of the objective resume tone are as follows:

Increased sales in the home furnishings division by 110% in year one Managed team of 12 sales associates Developed training program for new sales managers Exceeded customer retention goal by 45% in year two

Notice that resumes language also omits the use of pronouns. For instance, instead of saying, “I sold medical equipment to large physician practices,” you would simply say, “Sold medical equipment to large physician practices.”

Examples of Cover Letter Tone – Subjective

The strength of your cover letter is found in how it allows you to tell the story of your career, highlight your strengths and showcase your personality. In conjunction with your resume, this provides a sense of the “whole person,” behind the application, and makes a hiring manager eager to meet you.

While resumes focus on bullet points, data and objective, language, cover letters allow you to write subjectively, and in the first person.

Examples of the subjective cover letter tone are as follows:

Having researched your company’s culture, I’m inspired by X Corporation’s commitment to diversity and inclusion A first-generation college graduate, I believe I could contribute a unique perspective to W Brand’s employee mentorship program I have followed your social media content for years, and the excitement and humor you bring to your marketing is impressive Since I rescued my first stray kitten at the age of 8, I knew I wanted to be a veterinarian. And it’s my dream to fulfill that calling at the Ohio State University College of Veterinary Science.

It is important to remember that, even though a cover letter can be subjective, and may even contain quotes or brief personal stories, you should avoid hyperbole, dramatic language, or flowery speech as much as possible.

Since a cover letter is still a professional document, exaggerative statements like “giving 110%” or “your company is the most exciting business in the world,” will seem silly and immature.

Example of a Cover Letter

Now that we’ve discussed what a cover letter is, and how it differs from a resume, let’s look at an example:

June 16, 2020/ Stephanie Williams Sales Coordinator Y Brands 847-846-4201 [email protected] / Jamal Martin Hiring Manager Walters Communications [email protected] Dear Mr. Martin, With over 11 years of experience in high-level sales, I’m excited to apply for the position of Sales Manager for Walters Communications. Since I first began my career in sales, I have been promoted six times, receiving increased responsibility, exceeding sales goals, and spearheading new customer outreach initiatives. This advancement has strengthened my sales skills and prepared me for a leadership role with a fast-paced, consumer driven company. In my current role as Sales Coordinator, I helped plan the launch of three new product lines, developing sales and marketing strategies to ensure their success. With the support of my team of five sales associates, we attracted over 50 new corporate clients to our portfolio, and exceeded all sales goals associated with these new lines. Sales is my passion and connecting clients with exciting new products brings me joy. It is my dream to immerse myself in a company culture that is results-oriented and prioritizes cutting edge sales techniques. I’ve researched the culture of Walters Communications, and I know it is a company in which I could learn and grow. While I’m grateful for my current position, I believe that my experience has equipped me to excel in an opportunity with greater challenges, such as the chance to serve as the Sales Manager for Walters Communications. And the commitment I would bring would advance your company mission. I’m confident that I possess the skills required to succeed in this new role, and to help take the Sales Department to new heights. I appreciate your time and consideration and look forward to discussing this opportunity with you at your convenience. Sincerely, Stephanie Williams The fictional cover letter above is effective because it helps communicate the candidate’s enthusiasm and experience, while providing a glimpse into her personality. She concisely demonstrates that she has conducted research into her prospective company, and links her experience with the needs of the position. If a cover letter is effective, the hiring manager’s next step will be to read the candidate’s resume to learn more.

Example of a Resume

Below is a sample resume for the fictional applicant from our previous example:

123 Adams Rd, Los Angeles, CA 90001

Home: (123) 456-7890 | Cell: (123) 456-7890

[email protected]

An MBA with over 11 years of experience in competitive sales environments, seeking the role of Sales Manager with Walters Communications with the goal of exceeding sales goals, and spearheading company initiatives.

• Account Management
• Written and Verbal Communication
• Team Leadership
• Strategic Planning
• Client Retention
• Recipient of the 2018 and 2019 Y Brands Top Sales Award
• Launched three new product lines
• Led a team of associates
• Exceeded 2018 sales goal by 25%
• Exceeded 2019 sales goal by 35%
• Screened job applicants during the early stages of the hiring process
• Answered, screened, and directed incoming phone calls while providing basic information as needed
• Managed Corporate Sales Accounts $10,000 and above
• Increased Client Portfolio by 15% in year three
• Increased Client Portfolio by 30% in year four
• Exceeded Customer Retention Goals by an average of 10% annually
• Cold Called 35-45 Businesses Daily
• Highest Call to Sale Conversion Rate for Three Consecutive Years
• Organized XYZ Media’s 1st Client Recognition Day

Since resumes are usually data-driven, this document provides significant information about the candidate that wouldn’t necessary be included in a cover letter. While the cover letter highlights her enthusiasm and passion, her resume shows a measurable track record of high performance.

When the documents are reviewed together, it becomes clear that the candidate has both the drive, and the personality, required to succeed.

The Curriculum Vitae

Before we conclude with a summary of the differences between cover letters and resumes, there is one question left to address: “How does a curriculum vitae fit into the discussion?”

A curriculum vitae, also known as a CV, is a job application document that is often confused with a resume – though key differences exist.

While most resumes are position based, outlining the roles and skills related to the desired position, a curriculum vitae focuses more on education, research / publications, teaching experience, awards, professional affiliations, public presentations, conference attendance and credentials.

Given their concentration on educational attainment and scholarship, curriculum vitae often serve as a substitute for traditional resumes for those pursuing academic careers or medical careers.

Furthermore, considering the amount of information they convey, it is common for a CV to be significantly longer than a resume

With this in mind, employers in fields that frequently use CVs may request that a CV summary be included, or even sent in place of the full CV, for the initial round of consideration. This summary rarely exceeds two pages in length, and provides an overview of the major achievements outlines in the longer curriculum vitae.

It is important to note, however, that while a CV is a much longer document than a standard resume, this does not mean that a candidate should forgo the inclusion of a cover letter. Ultimately, just like a resume, a curriculum vitae is still a list of relevant qualifications. Though its focus may be different, it does not provide the “big picture” context that can be provided by an effective cover letter.

Conclusion: Cover Letter vs. Resume. What’s the Difference?

Cover letters and resumes, though very different, serve the same goal – to make the candidate stand out from a crowd. That said, they both accomplish this objective by drawing upon unique perspectives.

A resume is a summary of the work experience, education and skills that prepare a candidate to succeed in a position. It should be easy to read, and organized using a format that prioritizes the best the candidate has to offer.

The advantage of a resume is that, even with a glance, it can leave no question about a candidate’s experience and qualifications.

The disadvantage of a resume is that it doesn’t convey the humanity behind the information. No amount of bullet points can help a hiring manager understand why a candidate is determined to succeed, inspired by their industry or interested in the company. By itself, a resume can be dry, or even boring.

A cover letter can provide an applicant with a chance to tell their story – the background, humor, motivation, and journey that make them unique.

When paired effectively, these documents provide a big picture view into an applicant’s life, allowing a hiring manager to truly see them in the role.

At the end of the day, a hiring manager isn’t hiring a list of achievements, they are hiring you, and all of what you bring to the position.

Using a resume and cover letter together, you can showcase the full range of your abilities, and let your talent shine from all possible angles.

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The difference between a cover letter vs resumé

Job seeking is exciting, but it also has its challenges. Once you have found a great role to apply for, you’re faced with the prospect of competing against your peers and standing out against other talented applicants. As such, your cover letter and resumé are pivotal tools.

When preparing your job applications, it’s essential to know the difference between a cover letter and a resumé. In this article, we explore their formats, the type of information they should contain, and how they complement each other to create an extensive picture of your skills, experiences and personal attributes. 

What is a cover letter?

A cover letter is the first point of contact between you and a potential employer. Unlike a resumé , which provides a bullet-pointed summary of your skills and experiences, a cover letter allows you to directly address the employer and explain to them in your own words why you think you’re the ideal person for the job. As tricky as they can be to write, it’s always good practice to include a cover letter with a job application.

Components of a cover letter

A well-structured cover letter typically includes the following elements:

• Date and contact information : at the top, include the date of writing and your contact information.
• Salutation:  if possible, address the letter to a specific person. Using “Dear [Name]” is more personal than generic greetings like “To whom it may concern”.
• Opening paragraph:  start with a strong statement, briefly mentioning the position you’re applying for and how you learned about it.
• Body paragraphs: discuss your relevant experiences, skills and achievements. Tailor this section to the job description , demonstrating how well you match their specific criteria.
• Closing paragraph:  conclude by reiterating your enthusiasm for the role and the company. Mention any attachments, like your resumé or portfolio, and indicate your availability for an interview.
• Closing:  end with a professional closing like “Yours sincerely,” or “Best regards,” followed by your typed name.

Formatting a cover letter

Cover letters are typically formatted as traditional business letters. They should be concise and well-formatted – no more than one page and typed up in a professional-looking font, like Times New Roman, Calibri or Arial. 

What is a resumé?

Your resumé  is a bulleted summary of your education, experience, skills and achievements. It acts as a snapshot of your professional background and forms the foundation of any job application. It’s the ideal tool to show off your skills and qualifications at a glance, highlighting your most relevant jobs and responsibilities.

Components of a resumé

A standard resumé typically includes the following sections:

• Contact information: at the top, include your name, phone number, email address, SEEK profile and professional website. 
• Objective statement:  this should outline your career goals and highlight your most relevant skills and experiences.
• Professional history: list your work experience in reverse chronological order, starting with your most recent position. Include the job title, company name, location, and dates of employment. Under each role, provide bullet points of your key responsibilities and achievements.
• Educational history:  detail your educational background, starting with the highest level of education. Include the name of the institution, degree and graduation date.
• Skills and abilities:  highlight specific skills relevant to the job you’re applying for, like soft skills and hard skills . 

Formatting a resumé

Resumés should be formatted so that the information is clear and easy to scan. They should be no more than two pages long, depending on your experience. Use a professional-looking, easy-to-read font , with clear headings and bullet points for easy navigation. 

What is the difference between a cover letter and a resumé?

While both a cover letter and a resumé are important parts of a job application, they serve different purposes. Once you know the differences between these two documents, you’ll be able to use them effectively in your job hunt, so that you stand out against other job seekers.

Differences between a cover letter and a resumé

A cover letter is a personalised letter addressed to the employer explaining why you are the right fit for the position. It is a chance to address any selection criteria outlined in the job post, as well as any relevant experience you have, to show why you think you’re the ideal candidate. Cover letters are typically typed up in letter format and saved as a PDF no longer than one page.

A resumé offers a quick summary of your professional qualifications and achievements. Resumés are formatted as lists with bullet points that detail your professional history and highlight your skills. They are also generally kept to one or two pages, depending on your experience.

While both documents should be tailored to the job you are applying for, a cover letter offers more scope for personalisation. It's an opportunity to directly address the employer and convince them to give you a callback, with reasons why you’re a good fit for the role and the company. 

Does a CV include a cover letter?

A Curriculum Vitae (CV) and a cover letter complement each other in a job application, but they are separate documents. A CV is similar to a resumé, but they are actually different types of documents. A CV is typically more detailed and often used in applications for academic, scientific or research positions.

While a CV or resumé provides an in-depth look at your career, a cover letter adds a personal touch. It allows you to explain your interest in the position and how you meet the criteria listed in the job description. Together, they present a full picture of your professional abilities and enthusiasm for the role.

Cover letter example

This sample cover letter demonstrates the structure and content that can help you stand out to potential employers. Remember, this is just a template and it’s important to personalise your cover letter to each job application.

[Your name] [Your address] [Your email] [Your phone number] [Date] [Company name] [Company address]

Dear [employer's name],

I am writing to express my interest in the [job title] position listed on [where you found the job posting]. With a [degree] in [your field of study] and [number] years of experience in [your industry/field], I am confident in my ability to contribute effectively to [company name].

In my previous role at [previous company], I [describe a key achievement or experience that relates to the job, e.g., "led a team of X in developing a new product that resulted in a 20% increase in overall sales"]. This experience honed my skills in [mention relevant skills, e.g., "project management and strategic planning"].

I am particularly drawn to this opportunity at [company name] because [mention something about the company or role that appeals to you, e.g., "I admire your commitment to innovation and excellence, and I am excited about the prospect of contributing to such a dynamic team"].

I have attached my resumé which further outlines my qualifications. I look forward to the possibility of discussing this exciting opportunity with you. Thank you for considering my application. 

Yours sincerely,

[Your name]

Resumé example

This resumé example highlights the key components and formatting you should consider when crafting your own. Again, this is just a template to guide you and should be tailored to reflect your unique professional background.

[Your name] [Your address] [Your email] [Your phone number]

Professional Summary Dynamic and results-oriented [Your profession, e.g., Marketing Specialist] with over [number] years of experience in [industry/field, e.g., digital marketing and campaign management]. Proven track record of driving revenue growth through strategic marketing initiatives. Skilled at [a couple of key skills or areas of expertise, e.g., social media strategy and content creation]. Professional Experience [Most recent job title] [Company name], [city] [Month/year started] – Present

• [Describe a key responsibility or achievement, e.g., "Led a team in designing and implementing a digital marketing strategy that increased online engagement by 30%."]
• [Another responsibility or achievement, e.g., "Managed a budget of $X and oversaw the successful launch of several online campaigns."]

Education [Degree, e.g., Bachelor of Arts in Marketing] [University name], [city] [Month/year graduated]

• [Skill 1, e.g., SEO and SEM techniques]
• [Skill 2, e.g., Proficient in Google Analytics]
• [Skill 3, e.g., Excellent communication skills]
• [Additional relevant skills outlined in job selection criteria]

Certifications (if applicable)

• [Certification name, e.g., Certified Digital Marketing Professional]
• [Certification name, if applicable]

Tips for crafting a cover letter

A well-written cover letter can get you noticed and increase your chances of landing an interview. It's your opportunity to make a memorable first impression. Here are some tips to stand out:

• Tailor it to the job:  customise your cover letter for each job application. Connect your experience to the criteria in the job description. Highlight how your skills, experiences and values fit with the company’s culture.
• Keep it to one page: your cover letter should be concise and to the point. 
• Address it to the right person: address the cover letter to a specific person whenever possible. This shows that you've taken the time to research the company.
• Expand on information from your resumé: rather than just repeating what's on your resumé, tailor your skills and education to address the job description and provide more context about your work experience.
• Show your enthusiasm:  employers want to know why you're interested in the role and their company. 
• Use a professional tone and format:  while it's important to let your personality shine through, maintain a professional tone throughout the letter. 
• Call to action:  end your cover letter with a call to action, such as inviting the reader to reach out for more information or to set up an interview. 

Tips for writing an effective resumé

Your resumé is often the first impression a potential employer has of you. A well-crafted resumé can open doors to interviews and opportunities. Here are some tips to help you write an effective resumé:

• Tailor it to the job : analyse the job description and identify the key skills and experiences the employer is seeking. Make sure these are reflected in your resumé.
• Keep it to one page:  unless you have extensive experience or are applying for senior-level positions, aim to keep your resumé to one page. This forces you to include only the most relevant information.
• Use action verbs: start your bullet points with strong action verbs like ‘managed’, ‘developed’, ‘increased’, ‘implemented’, or ‘led’. This makes your resumé more impactful.
• Quantifying data:  wherever possible, quantify your achievements with numbers, percentages, or other measures. For example, instead of saying “increased sales”, say “increased sales by 25% over six months”. 
• Proofreading: proofread your resumé multiple times, and consider having someone else review it as well.
• Include keywords:  Many companies use Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS) to screen resumés. Include keywords from the job description to ensure your resumé passes through these systems.

Common mistakes to avoid

When preparing for your job application, it's just as important to know what to avoid as it is to know what to include. Here are some common mistakes to steer clear of when writing your cover letter and resumé:

• Only using one: relying solely on a resumé or a cover letter is a common mistake. Applying with both allows you to present a well-rounded picture of your skills and qualifications.
• Not personalising to the job:  generic cover letters and resumés are easy for employers to spot. Tailor both documents to each specific job application by highlighting the skills and experiences that are most relevant to the job description. 
• Not proofreading: typos, grammatical errors and formatting inconsistencies suggest a lack of attention to detail and professionalism. Always proofread your documents multiple times.
• Repeating information on both:  while your cover letter and resumé should complement each other, they should not be repetitive. Use your cover letter to expand on specific experiences or skills and to explain how they make you a good fit for the role.
• Including irrelevant information:  don’t clutter your resumé with irrelevant job experiences or personal information that does not add value to your application for the specific role you are applying for.

Landing the job you want is a process that involves standing out against other candidates and getting noticed for your unique attributes. Understanding the key differences between a cover letter and a resumé – and optimising both – is vitally important to getting a callback. 

A cover letter is your personalised introduction that highlights your enthusiasm for the role and explains why you are the ideal candidate. On the other hand, a resumé is a concise, factual summary of your professional journey , outlining your skills, experiences and achievements. With the above insights and tips, you can craft a job application that will get you noticed.

Is a cover letter better than a resumé?

No, a cover letter is not better than a resumé – they are different documents that serve different purposes. A cover letter provides a personal touch, allowing you to explain your interest in the role and how your experiences align with the job description. A resumé offers a factual summary of your professional qualifications. 

When should I use a cover letter versus a resumé?

You should use both a cover letter and a resumé in most job applications. A resumé is always necessary as it provides an overview of your professional background. A cover letter adds context to your resumé, explaining your interest in the role and detailing specific experiences. 

Is a cover letter separate from a resumé?

Yes, a cover letter is a separate document from a resumé. While a resumé is a summary of your professional experiences and skills, a cover letter is a more personal letter, addressed to the employer.

Do you need a resumé summary if you have a cover letter?

Yes, it still helps to have a resumé summary even if you have a cover letter. It's particularly useful for recruiters and hiring managers who may skim through your resumé before reading your cover letter.

What is the difference between a resumé and an application letter?

The biggest differences between a resumé and an application letter (or cover letter) are purpose and content. A resumé is a detailed document that lists your professional experience, education, skills and achievements. An application letter is a written pitch explaining why you are interested in and qualified for a specific job.

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CV vs Cover Letter: Differences, Similarities & Which One to Use

What is a CV?

What is a cover letter, cv vs cover letter – what do they have in common, cv vs cover letter – what are the differences.

You are ready to go for your dream job, and you plan to nail it in no time.

But to do so, you need some really strong application documents, as the competition for all jobs is increasing by the minute.

To do so, you need to understand the difference between your CV and cover letter, and use them to the full extent.

At first glance, it may seem like they are the same document, as they both have the goal to present you as the best candidate for the job.

But that’s not actually true.

In this article, we are going to find out:

• What are the similarities between a CV and cover letter?
• What are the differences between a CV and cover letter?

To get a better understanding of both documents, and perfect your own, you should learn how to create a killer cover letter , and use our CV Builder to create an eye-catching CV .

But if you are ready to learn what are CV and cover letter, and what differentiates them, stick around.

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That question may be a little more complicated than you might think. What a CV is actually depends on what part of the world are you at.

In the US, a CV is a very detailed document that presents all your experience, skills, and educations, along with any other academic achievements. It is mainly used for academic or federal jobs, and it is usually 2-3 pages long.

On the other hand, in anywhere else in the world, a CV is a one-page document (or at most a two-pager, if you have lots of work experience in the field you are applying for ) that has the structure of the US resume.

Either way, your CV must absolutely include:

• Contact information
• Work experience

And you can also compliment it with sections like:

• Awards and honors
• Publications

You can also list any other sections that seem relevant and would increase your chances of getting the job.

No matter which kind of CV you are writing , its main purpose is to clearly present your qualifications to the hiring manager, and make you stand out in front of the crowd of candidates.

Usually, when you are sending your CV out, you would want to include some short paragraphs to complement it and make your desire for the job even stronger in the eyes of the hiring manager.

For that purpose, we have the cover letter, which is the second most important document in your application, after the CV.

What it should include is :

• Introduction
• A paragraph that underlines your experience and skills
• A paragraph that shows why you’re a great fit for the company and the role you are applying for
• A call to action
• Professional sign-off

To do this right, you need to make sure you have provided clear and concise answers for the following questions:

• What position are you applying for and why?
• What are your most impressive, relevant skills and experience?
• Why do these skills benefit your potential employer?

A CV and cover letter can be described as two sides of the same coin.

Your primary document is your CV that shows all your experience and skills, all in one place, while the cover letter proves all the essential parts of your CV, using compelling examples.

And even though they serve a different purpose in presenting you, they have one great similarity – together they show you in the best possible light in the eyes of the hiring manager.

Now that you understand what CVs and cover letters have in common, let’s dig a little deeper into their differences, as it is crucial to understand them to get the best results.

The main difference between a CV and a cover letter are:

• CV is an extensive document that outlines the applicant’s career – their experience, qualifications, skills, competences, achievements, etc. Meanwhile, a cover letter provides only a short description of the applicant, and compliments all the important parts of the CV, using examples
• CV is a detailed document that consists of great deal of information, while the cover letter is short and to the point
• CV usually uses sections and bullet lists for all its content, but a cover letter is usually categorized into sentences and paragraphs
• CV can often not be tailored for the job position you are applying for, while your cover letter should always be modified, as it is a much more personal document that describes your interest in particular job offer and company
• CV can be spread out into more than one page, but your cover letter should never exceed one page

We are all done, now you understand what differentiates CV and cover letter, and how to use each best in your advantage.

Let’s just recap their main purposes one last time:

• CV is an extensive document that shows all your experience, qualifications, skills, and any other relevant information for the job you are applying for
• A cover letter is a much more personal document that is used to introduce yourself to the hiring manager, prove all the important parts from your CV using compelling examples, and show your great interest in the job you are applying for

They work great together, so make sure you create the best possible team for your application documents.

CV Work Experience Section: Organizing, Tailoring, Examples To Use

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How to Craft an Effective CV for a Part-Time Job

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How to Start a Cover Letter To Keep Recruiters Reading

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Writing a good cover letter starts with the first word, so you need to know how to start a cover letter right.

Starting a cover letter on the right note is crucial to grab the recruiter’s attention. Whether you’re struggling with a blank document or have a solid foundation, a cover letter needs a punchy opening to make an impact on the hiring team.

What are the key ingredients to starting the perfect cover letter?

Here’s what we’ll cover in this article:

• What to include in your cover letter header.
• How to start a cover letter greeting.
• How to write an impressive cover letter opening paragraph.
• How to start a cover letter off strong.
• Examples of how to start a cover letter.

Each puzzle piece of your cover letter opener creates a detailed picture of who you are as a candidate. It proves to the recruiter that you’re worth contacting for a job interview . Make a standout first impression with your cover letter by including:

• A header with your contact information.
• A personalized greeting.
• A powerful opening statement.

Create your cover letter with AI to customize it for the job description. Optimize your cover letter and resume with Jobscan to get more interviews.

What to include in a cover letter header

The top of your cover letter should include a header with your critical contact information, like:

• Your name and professional title.
• Your phone number.
• Your email address.
• Your LinkedIn profile link.

You can also include other relevant links. These could be to your portfolio website, GitHub, Medium profile, or other industry-specific resources. They will help the recruiter understand your skills.

Include the date, the recipient, the company name, and the address or location of the organization. (This will depend on whether it’s an in-person, hybrid, or remote environment.)

Below is an example of a cover letter including personal information in the header with the date and company information below. This example was created with the Jobscan Cover Letter Generator .

Use our Cover Letter Generator to save yourself time writing your cover letter. The header section will auto-populate based on your resume, so all the details match perfectly.

How to write a cover letter greeting

If you usually start your cover letters with “Dear Sir/Madam” or “To whom it may concern,” it’s time to reinvent your greetings. Not only is this a boring way to start a cover letter, it can come across as lazy.

With a little investigation, it’s easier than ever to find the names of the recruiters or hiring teams. By taking a little time, you can personalize your greeting to boost your chances of a recruiter reading your cover letter from start to finish.

Beat out the 84% of job seekers who don’t find the hiring manager’s name to personalize their applications and go the extra mile.

How can you find the right person to address in your cover letter?

Turn to LinkedIn or the organization’s website.

On LinkedIn, you can either search for the company’s recruiter or talent acquisition team members. Or you can go to the “People” tab of their LinkedIn page to explore the current employees.

Suppose you’re looking for a job at PCL Construction and want to find the name of the recruiter who will likely be reading your cover letter. You can go to the search bar and find the recruiter managing that department by city.

With just a quick search, you’ll find the hiring team members in charge of the role you’re applying for!

You can also go directly to a company’s website and look for the “Team” or “About Us” page for information.

Targeting a greeting to a specific person is easier to do in smaller organizations. If you’re applying for a role at a large company, you can still write an engaging but more general greeting on your cover letter, such as:

• Dear [Department] Hiring Manager,
• Dear [Department] Team,
• Dear [Director of or Head of] Department,
• Dear [Company Name] Hiring Manager,

How to write a powerful cover letter opening paragraph

Recruiters spend just seven seconds scanning a candidate’s application , so it’s critical to capture their attention in the first line.

Be concise in your cover letter and choose your words with the desired impact in mind. Avoid falling into the old traps of opening your cover letter by stating what role you’re applying for and how you found it. Remember, you have a precious few seconds to illustrate how you can help the organization fulfill its needs, so make every sentence count.

Read the examples below and ask which one will have a greater impact on employers.

“I am thrilled to apply for the Research Analyst position at YouGov, where my experience in leading market research projects that boosted client engagement by 25% and my expertise in data interpretation have consistently delivered actionable insights and strategic recommendations. Using my skills in analyzing primary research data, I’m looking forward to helping your organization make data-backed decisions to drive growth and profitability in your projects.”

“I am excited to apply for the Research Analyst position at YouGov, an esteemed global online research company well-known for its accurate data and market insights. With my background in managing market research projects, interpreting data, and delivering actionable recommendations, I believe I can contribute significantly to your team.”

The point of your cover letter isn’t just to restate your skills from your resume . You need to prove the impact of your skills and how you’ll bring that impact to the organization.

It’s not about you, it’s about the company’s needs.

Tips for writing a strong cover letter opener

Now that you know what puzzle pieces you need to start a cover letter right, here are some tips to help wow the recruiter with its content.

1. Let your enthusiasm and passion shine through

Your resume illustrates your skills and qualifications , but your cover letter is the place to tell a story. Share what company qualities excite you, what draws you to the organization’s mission or values, and what direct experience you have with the company’s product or service.

Communicating your enthusiasm gives the recruiter an idea of how engaged and dedicated you’ll be to your performance.

With over five years of hands-on experience in property management, I am deeply passionate about creating exceptional living experiences for residents. Your industry-leading services and premium standards in property management systems make me excited about the opportunity to bring my dedication and expertise to your esteemed team.

2. Mention any mutual connections

If you have a professional connection in the company or were referred to a position, name-drop that connection at the top of your cover letter. A connection can help boost your chances of getting an interview, especially if that person can act as a reference.

Give your connection a heads-up if you discovered the opportunity on your own without a referral. That way, if they’re asked about you informally by the hiring team, they’ll know to expect questions.

If you want to give your cover letter a boost with a connection, you can reach out to someone in the company before you apply. Be genuine and try to connect with someone on the team you would be working with. Ask an authentic question or reach out to discuss their experience in the company. Tell them you want to apply for an opening. But don’t try to reach out to anyone just to get a name to plug in your cover letter. It can come across as disingenuous.

My interest in the Health Systems Analyst role was significantly piqued after speaking with Jane Doe, an eHealth Policy Analyst at your organization. Jane highlighted the cutting-edge technology initiatives and collaborative atmosphere within your IT department, which align perfectly with my 7 years of experience in healthcare IT, focusing on electronic health records (EHR) systems and data security.

3. Incorporate your company research

Writing a compelling cover letter requires that you do some research to show the recruiter that you’re aligned with the company’s values, mission, and culture. You need to express to the recruiter why you want to work at their specific organization .

Keep an eye on industry news and learn about the company’s latest projects. By incorporating details about what the organization is currently achieving, you position yourself as a better interview candidate over other applicants.

Your recognition as an industry leader, demonstrated by winning the Best Employer Award for three consecutive years and your successful launch of the community outreach initiative, highlights [Company Name]’s dedication to both employee well-being and social responsibility. I have a track record of increasing employee satisfaction by 20% through strategic wellness programs and look forward to contributing to your continued success.

4. Highlight your most impressive achievement

A well-written resume illustrates your achievements , but your cover letter is the best vehicle to add context and tell a compelling story to show off your impact. You can directly tie it into the role you’re applying for and help the recruiter forge connections between what you have accomplished in the past to what you can achieve for the future—particularly for their company.

In my previous role as a project manager at Apex Management Co, I spearheaded a comprehensive cost-reduction initiative that saved $500,000 annually by optimizing supply chain operations and renegotiating vendor contracts. This accomplishment directly relates to the efficiency and budget management skills required for the Operations Manager position at your organization, where I am eager to contribute to your mission of streamlining processes and enhancing operational efficiency.

5. Clearly state your unique value

In a sea of applicants, it can feel difficult to set yourself apart. But the truth is, no one has the same combination of experience or skills you do. The key to standing out is learning how to frame your unique value to solve a company’s problems. Expand on the key skills listed in the job description and draw on your research of the organization to explicitly spell out how you’ll benefit the team.

With a unique blend of creative and technical skills, I designed a user interface for the HealthCo App that increased user engagement by 40% through user-centered design principles and rigorous usability testing. I am looking forward to bringing this expertise to your organization as a UX Designer, addressing your need for more engaging and intuitive user experiences, particularly as you expand your digital offerings.

6. Keep your cover letter short

Remember that you want the recruiter to read your cover letter from start to finish, so make sure every sentence is meaningful and cut out the fluff. There should be plenty of white space to break up the text and not overwhelm the reader.

Reference our cover letter examples for inspiration on crafting the perfect cover letter.

Let AI write your cover letter for you

Jobscan’s premium Power Edit includes a cover letter generator that harnesses the power of AI to write a customized cover letter based on your tailored resume and the job description. With one click, you’ll generate a cover letter that follows best practices.

You can use it as a framework to defeat blank page syndrome and include anecdotes, details about your mutual connections, and bits of information from your research to impress the hiring team. You can make any alterations in Power Edit and download the PDF when it’s done and ready to be attached to your tailored resume.

Key takeaways

Your cover letter could be the key to landing the interview. By following these essential tips on how to start a cover letter, you’ll capture the attention of the hiring team from the first sentence.

Remember these cover letter rules as you start your writing.

• Make a clear opening statement that shows passion, knowledge, and your unique value.
• Keep your cover letter short—stick to a few concise paragraphs to make it readable.
• Be specific and clear about what you’ll bring to the role.
• Stay away from humor—the tone can be difficult to read.
• Avoid reusing the same cover letter and write a custom cover letter for each job.
• Don’t overinflate your accomplishments or lie about connections that don’t exist.

When including your contact information on a cover letter or resume, make sure to provide the following details: Full Name: Your first and last name. Phone Number: A number where you can be easily reached. Make sure your voicemail is professional. Email Address: Use a professional email address, preferably one that includes your name. Mailing Address: Include your current street address, city, state, and zip code. LinkedIn Profile: If you have a LinkedIn profile that is up-to-date and professional, include the URL. Professional Website or Portfolio: If applicable, include a link to your personal website or online portfolio showcasing your work. This ensures potential employers have multiple ways to reach you and can view your professional online presence.

A good opening sentence for a cover letter can grab the reader’s attention and introduce your purpose for writing. Here are a few examples: For a job application: “I am excited to apply for the [Job Title] position at [Company Name], as advertised on [where you found the job posting]. With my background in [your field or relevant experience ], I am eager to bring my skills and passion to your team.” For a career change: “With a strong foundation in [current field], I am thrilled to apply for the [Job Title] role at [Company Name] to leverage my skills in [new field].” For a specific achievement: “Having recently led a successful [project or achievement], I am enthusiastic about applying for the [Job Title] position at [Company Name] to bring my expertise in [specific skill or area] to your innovative team.” For expressing enthusiasm: “I have long admired [Company Name]’s commitment to [specific value or mission], and I am excited to apply for the [Job Title] position to contribute to your impactful work with my experience in [relevant experience or field].” For a networking referral: “After speaking with [Referrer’s Name], I am inspired to apply for the [Job Title] position at [Company Name] where I can utilize my skills in [specific skill or area] to further your goals.” These starters aim to make a strong first impression by highlighting your enthusiasm, relevant skills, and connection to the company.

Your cover letter opening should contain the following key elements: Your Enthusiasm for the Position: Show genuine excitement and interest in the role you are applying for. This sets a positive tone and captures the reader’s attention. Specific Mention of the Job Title and Company Name: Clearly state the position you are applying for and the name of the company. This ensures the reader knows exactly what role you are interested in. Brief Introduction of Yourself: Include a concise introduction that highlights who you are and what you bring to the table. This can include your current role, relevant experience, or a key achievement. Connection to the Company: Mention something specific about the company that resonates with you, such as their mission, values, recent achievements, or reputation in the industry. This demonstrates that you have researched the company and are genuinely interested in working there. A Hook or Key Strength: Highlight a key skill or accomplishment that makes you a strong candidate for the position. This can be a significant achievement, a unique skill set, or relevant experience that sets you apart from other applicants. Here is an example that incorporates all these elements: “I am excited to apply for the Marketing Manager position at XYZ Company, where I can combine my passion for innovative marketing strategies with my skills in digital advertising. With over five years of experience in driving successful campaigns that increased brand awareness and sales, I am eager to bring my expertise to your dynamic team. I have long admired XYZ Company’s commitment to sustainability and innovative product development, and I am thrilled at the opportunity to contribute to your impactful work. My recent achievement in boosting social media engagement by 40% through targeted campaigns is a testament to my ability to drive results and my dedication to excellence.”

To start a cover letter greeting effectively, follow these guidelines: Address the Hiring Manager by Name: Whenever possible, find out the name of the hiring manager or the person responsible for hiring. Addressing the letter to a specific person shows that you have done your research and adds a personal touch. Use a Professional Salutation: Use a formal greeting such as “Dear” followed by the person’s title (Mr., Ms., Dr., etc.) and last name. Avoid using first names or informal greetings. When You Don’t Know the Name: If you cannot find the hiring manager’s name, use a general but professional greeting such as “ Dear Hiring Manager ” or “Dear [Department] Team.” Avoid Outdated Phrases: Refrain from using outdated or overly formal phrases like “To Whom It May Concern.” A modern, professional greeting is more effective. Examples: When you know the hiring manager’s name: “Dear Ms. Smith,” When you know the hiring manager’s title and department: “Dear Marketing Team Lead,” When you don’t know the hiring manager’s name: “Dear Hiring Manager,” When applying to a specific department: “Dear Marketing Team,” Starting your cover letter with a proper greeting sets a professional tone and demonstrates your attention to detail.

Kelsey is a Content Writer with a background in content creation, bouncing between industries to educate readers everywhere.

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By Zolan Kanno-Youngs ,  David A. Fahrenthold ,  Hamed Aleaziz and Eileen Sullivan

The reporters have covered presidential security over various administrations.

• July 14, 2024

President Biden on Sunday called for an “independent review” of security measures before and after the attempted assassination of former President Donald J. Trump, while directing the Secret Service to review all of its security measures for the Republican National Convention this week.

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