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• Mar 26, 2024
• 11 min read

How to Write a Job Application Letter (Tips and Examples)

Your guide to getting your foot in the door.

Joanna Zambas

Content Manager and Career Expert

Reviewed by Chris Leitch

Do you have your heart set on a specific company but have never seen them post a single vacancy? And are you on the verge of giving up completely, and convinced you’re going to be jobless and broke for the rest of your life?

Well, don’t crumple your  perfectly written résumé  in a ball of paper just yet — there’s still hope for you!

All you need to do is write an awesome job application letter.

Application letters are a great way to get your foot in the door of a company that hasn’t advertised a position or when you’re applying for an academic program or an  internship .

So, what are you waiting for?

Read on to find out how to write a great job application letter (and land that  dream job  of yours in the process)!

What is a job application letter/email?

Whereas cover letters are used when applying for a specific vacancy, and include details which are complementary to what’s on the applicant’s résumé, application letters are submitted when there is no job opening, and they tend to be more detailed.

Unlike cover letters, which usually span about one page, application letters can be twice as long.

How should you structure your letter?

The structure and formatting of your application letter is just as important as the words you use to sell your skills and enthusiasm for the job. The pointers below will help you deliver your message in a professional and effective way.

Sender’s address

Begin your letter with your address listed in the left-hand corner of the page. In the US, it’s acceptable to list your address in the right-hand corner. (Skip this step if you’re going to send your application via email.)

If you’re applying via email, create an email address for professional use if you haven’t already. This should include your first and last names or initials — no nicknames or years of birth! Two appropriate examples are [email protected] and [email protected] .

As with any official letter, include the date of your letter below your address.

Subject line

The  subject of your email  should make the manager want to read more and not automatically press the “Delete” button. It could be something like: “Social Media Expert with over 5 Years of Experience”.

Inside address

The company’s address should appear a few lines below your address and the date. Skip this if you’re sending an email.

As with any formal letter, you need to open with the correct formal salutation (such as “Dear Mr [surname]” or “Dear Ms [surname]”).

It’s also best to find out who the head of the department is, and address your letter directly to them to show that you’ve taken the time to really do your research. If you begin with “Dear Hiring Manager”, for example, you’re potentially destroying your chances of getting the job you’re applying for.

Opening paragraph

The opening paragraph should provide details on why you’re getting in touch.

Think about what you want to achieve with this letter before forming your answer. For example, you could say that it’s been a dream of yours to work for the company and that you feel that, given the chance, you’d love to bring new skills and ideas to the table. You can also highlight any qualifications you have here.

Middle paragraph(s)

This is where you will explain why you’re suitable for the position by listing skills you’ve developed through previous work experience . Remember that this shouldn’t be a word-for-word copy of your résumé; rather, you should use this as an opportunity to expand on notable achievements.

And make sure you tailor the content of your letter to the particular job title and company you’re applying to — you don’t want to ramble on about irrelevant details.

Final paragraph

Finally, focus on what you bring to the table and how the company can benefit from your skills and experience. If you have statistics and figures to back up your claims, even better!

For example, if you’re an experienced project manager, you could say how you want to showcase your leadership skills and help the company reach its desired turnover, and then back this up with statistics on how you did just that in previous positions.

You should close your letter with a call-to-action. For example, you could say something like: “I look forward to hearing back from you to discuss any possibilities”. And don’t forget to thank the reader for their time!

Your name and signature

If you’re sending this by snail mail, opt for a handwritten signature. If, on the other hand, you’re sending an email, simply write your name, followed by your contact information.

Most application letter templates (and formal letter templates in general) use the Times New Roman typeface at 12 points. Other recommended fonts include Arial, Georgia and Calibri.

Tips for writing your letter

When it’s time to write an application letter, bear the following points in mind to ensure that your document captures the hiring manager’s attention and successfully creates the impression that you’d make a good fit for their company.

1. Include bullet points

Bullet points can be used as an effective formatting tool when writing your application letter. They can demonstrate points clearly and concisely, as well as help with the overall layout, allowing for bite-sized, readable chunks of information.

2. Make sure the language you use is easy to read

You might be a literary wizard , but those long words won’t impress the hiring manager if they make your letter difficult to read.

3. Use positive language

Positivity is the way forward when it comes to selling your skills to a potential employer. Therefore, you should use positive words when explaining your previous work experience.

These words include “assisted”, “conducted”, “executed”, “proposed” and “recommended”, which (when used right) can demonstrate your contribution and dedication to your role and organization.

4. Be creative

Depending on the industry that you’re interested in, you can be a bit creative with your approach . This means that you don’t have to follow the conventional structure of a cover letter, and can instead adopt a more story-like approach.

Should you add any attachments?

Since application letters are not submitted in response to particular job ads, but rather serve as an inquiry into any unadvertised openings which may be available, they tend to be standalone documents. That is to say they are not typically accompanied by other files.

Whereas cover letters are concise, tailored to the job posting and accompanied by résumés, your letter of application will be a more extensive account of your skills and experiences.

That being said, if you’re applying for a creative position such as that of a video editor or blog writer, it makes sense to include a few samples of your work that best represent your talent and ability.

Job application letter samples

The following application letter samples can give you an idea as to what to include in your letter, as well as how to structure it effectively.

1. Job application email sample

Dear Mr Cannon,

I have long been following your company’s growth and progress, being extremely passionate about clean, renewable energy. I remember coming across XYZ Renewables back in the early 2000s, when it was still in its early startup stages, and I admire how your leadership has grown the company since.

Having gained extensive experience as a solar consultant over the last decade, I have kept an eye out for any job opportunities with XYZ Renewables. This is why I am writing to you today: to express a keen interest in working with you in the future, should any solar consultation vacancies become available at your company.

In my current role at ABC Energies, I train new hires in advising and liaising with clients, as well as in designing and installing solar systems that cater to the needs and budget of our clients. I carry out the same duties myself, and have been commended for my customer service skills and technical know-how in solar systems installations. Over the last year, I have overseen and facilitated transactions totaling upwards of $1 million.

I appreciate you taking the time to read through my application. I hope that my skills and work experience can contribute to a fruitful collaboration down the line.

Yours sincerely,

Mark Rowling

2. Internship application email sample

Dear Ms Kipling,

Ever since I was a sophomore in high school, I’ve dreamed about pursuing an undergraduate degree in interior design and going on to work for an award-winning architectural firm. During my studies at AB College, where I graduated from just over a month ago, I became exposed to the works of various such firms, including your own.

XY Designs stood out to me for the simplicity of its designs (I am also a fan of Scandinavian interiors!) as well as its clever use of natural lighting and earthy colors and textures. In particular, I was impressed with the renovation of the Workwell coworking space you undertook and completed in 2022.

I believe that working alongside the designers on your team and under your mentorship would be an invaluable experience, which is why I am reaching out to enquire about any potential internship opportunities you may have this coming summer. During my studies, I have become proficient in using SketchUp and 3Ds Max, and completed my final project on Scandinavian interiors and architecture specifically. I am attaching a link to my final project portfolio below.

Thank you for your time, and I hope to hear back from you soon.

Respectfully,

3. Academic application letter sample

Gregory Allen Department of English AB University Syracuse, NY

Tuesday, March 26, 2024

Dear Mr Allen,

During my undergraduate studies in animation, I discovered — quite unexpectedly — a passion for writing, and specifically writing for film and television. Although up until that point I had believed myself to be a VFX artist in the making, the discovery caused me to reconsider. Today, I am writing to express my interest in the Creative Writing MA program at AB University.

During my final year at Arts College, I produced a screenplay for a short film, and found that setting up the scene and creating a whole new world in words was far more fascinating to me than trying to recreate it by moving around and rendering pixels on a screen. I received the highest mark out of everyone on my course for that piece of writing; and that was followed by my screenwriting professor’s recommendation: the way he spoke about AB University’s history and faculty removed any sort of doubt from my mind. It all became clear: this was to be my new path.

I have attached some writing samples, as per the application guidelines: my final-year screenplay as well as two pieces of prose I wrote in my free time. I hope that you may consider my application for a spot on the Creative Writing course.

I look forward to hearing back from you. Thank you for your time!

Best wishes,

Things to remember

From writing the first draft of your application letter to editing it and adding the final touches, remember to do the following:

1. Do your research

Research is one of the most important steps when it comes to  job searching ; you need to make sure that you know all there is about the organization you’re targeting and you should have a clear understanding of what their company culture is like.

2. Don’t forget to proofread

This goes without saying, but never send your application letter off without proofreading it. With so many readily available editing tools online, there’s no excuse for a careless typo or wordy sentences. Grammarly and Hemmingway are two of the most popular programs to help you perfect your writing.

3. Use their style of writing

You can usually guess a company’s style of writing from their website and publications. So, it’s important to try and keep your letter in line with this so they can see that you’re a real match for the position and that they’d be silly to not invite you for an interview.

Final thoughts

Whether you go to write a cover letter or an application letter, or even to put together a portfolio for a prospective employer to see, the same thing applies: everything you include must be related to the position you’re hoping to land.

So, before you’ve started writing, take time to consider which of your skills, qualities and achievements best portray you as a strong candidate , and how you can best convey your interest in (and suitability for) the company as a whole.

Have you ever written an application letter before? Do you have any other tips to share with fellow jobseekers? Leave us a comment in the comments section below!

Originally published on August 21, 2018. Updated by Electra Michaelidou.

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• Job Application Documents

How to Write a Job Application Letter (with Examples)

Last Updated: June 8, 2024 Fact Checked

Sample Letters

Introduction, body paragraphs, closing your letter, expert q&a.

This article was written by Shannon O'Brien, MA, EdM and by wikiHow staff writer, Aly Rusciano . Shannon O'Brien is the Founder and Principal Advisor of Whole U. (a career and life strategy consultancy based in Boston, MA). Through advising, workshops and e-learning Whole U. empowers people to pursue their life's work and live a balanced, purposeful life. Shannon has been ranked as the #1 Career Coach and #1 Life Coach in Boston, MA by Yelp reviewers. She has been featured on Boston.com, Boldfacers, and the UR Business Network. She received a Master's of Technology, Innovation, & Education from Harvard University. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 10,711,468 times.

So, you’ve found your dream job and want to make sure you nail the job application process. You double- and triple-check the criteria—they’re asking for a cover letter. What does that mean, and how do you write it? A cover letter or letter of application is a single page that sums up why you want and deserve the job. Think of it as an extension of your resume; a sales pitch for why you’re the perfect candidate. We’ve put together a step-by-step guide full of examples and tips on how to write a letter of application for a job. With our help and a little finesse, you may soon be calling that dream job your own.

Things You Should Know

• Format your application letter single-spaced and in Times New Roman, Arial, or Calibri font that’s 10- to 12-point in size.
• Open your letter with an engaging and confident first paragraph that briefly includes your qualifications, where you found the job, and your overall interest in the position.
• Show your personality in the body paragraphs by describing the passions that relate to the position in 1 or 2 sentences.
• Use keywords (like leadership, communication, and detail-oriented) from the job description throughout your letter to show that you’ve done your research.

• First and last name
• Phone number
• Email address
• Personal website and/or portfolio link (if you have one)

• If you don’t know the hiring manager's name, search the company’s website or refer to the name of the individual who originally posted the job opening.
• If you’re in doubt about who to address your letter to, use “[Department] Hiring Manager.”

• If you don’t have the employer or hiring manager’s name, use a general but professional opening, “To Whom It May Concern” or “Dear [Department] Hiring Manager.”

• Be short and specific in this opening paragraph—save those details for later.
• Think of your first paragraph as a sales pitch. What can you say that’ll grab their attention immediately? Is there something you have that other candidates don’t that make you more qualified for the position?
• Show the employer that you’re familiar with the company and job application by noting keywords and characteristics valued by the company.
• For example: “I write to apply for the Office Manager position at Acme Investments, Inc. I am an excellent fit for this position, as demonstrated by my extensive background in management and proven success as a corporate administrator.”

• Companies appreciate when job candidates include this information because it lets them know where people are searching for jobs.
• Only include a company contact or friend’s name if you have their permission. This way, they’ll be ready to answer any questions about you and your character later.
• You may write something like: “John Smith recommended that I get in touch with you about the general manager position at EnviroRent,” or “I came across the available position on LinkedIn and believe I am a strong candidate.”

• For instance, if the company needs someone who can lead a team and handle multiple projects at once, note what team projects you’ve led in previous positions and how you improved overall productivity.
• If you have numerical data or stats to back up your accomplishments, include them! This is your time to brag about your achievements and show how you’ve excelled in the workplace.

• Scan the job application for keywords like leadership, communication, management, and detail-oriented. Then, highlight in your letter how you have these characteristics or skills.
• Avoid embellishing any of your qualifications. Remember, an employer can always double-check the facts.
• If you’re not sure what to write, refer to your resume or CV. What have you done that matches the job description best, and how can you elaborate on it?
• For example: “In my previous role, I successfully supported an office of 100 personnel and honed my management and interpersonal skills through customer service and clerical responsibilities.”

• For instance, you could express how the company has impacted you personally and why that’s driven you to apply for the position.
• Although you want to provide details, keep it short. Stick to a 1 to 2-sentence description rather than a full-length story. Your letter should stay under 3 paragraphs.
• Here’s an example: “My passion for teaching began the summer of my sophomore year of high school when I was a camp counselor. I was given the opportunity to teach a class focusing on local plant life, and the campers’ enthusiasm cultivated my love for teaching and conservation.

• For instance, you could write, “I am excited about the possibility of working for you and your company. I would be more than happy to discuss my qualifications and Acme’s future direction in person or via video conference.”
• Keep your call to action brief and open, or provide specific dates you’d be available to meet with the employer.

• For instance, sign off with, “Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to hearing from you,” or “Thank you for considering me for this position. If you have any further questions or require additional documentation, please don’t hesitate to contact me.”

• If you’re sending your letter via email, import your signature into the document as an image or .png file.

• Always proofread and ask someone else to read over your application letter before you send it. This way, you can make sure it’s absolutely perfect and error-free. [13] X Trustworthy Source Purdue Online Writing Lab Trusted resource for writing and citation guidelines Go to source Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
• Keep the overall tone of the company or employer in mind while writing your letter. For instance, if you’re applying to be a journalist for a prestigious news website, match their word choice and writing style. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
• Be sure to customize your application letter for every job you apply to, even if they have the same qualifications. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://www.ferrum.edu/downloads/careers/cover-letters.pdf
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/job_search_writing/job_search_letters/cover_letters_workshop/formatting_and_organization.html
• ↑ https://icc.ucdavis.edu/materials/cover-letters
• ↑ https://hbr.org/2016/05/learn-to-love-networking
• ↑ https://hbr.org/2014/02/how-to-write-a-cover-letter
• ↑ https://www.astate.edu/dotAsset/54eb42cc-33a3-4237-a46e-3f4aaac79389.pdf

About This Article

The best way to start an application letter is to mention where you found the job opportunity and how your strengths can benefit the employer. Devote time in the body paragraphs to tell the employer more about your experience and qualifications. Explain why you’re the best candidate and finish by inviting the hiring manager to contact you. For suggestions on how to prepare your letter, and examples of what to write, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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• Cover Letters

Sample Cover Letter for a Job Application

What Is an Application Letter?

What to include in your application letter, tips for writing a cover letter, cover letter sample and template, email cover letter sample.

• How to Send an Email Application

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Alex Dos Diaz / The Balance

What's the best way to write a letter to apply for a job? Your letter should detail your specific qualifications for the position and the skills you would bring to the employer. What’s most important is to show the employer that you’re a perfect match for the job.

Your job application letter is an opportunity to highlight your most relevant qualifications and experience. An effective cover letter will enhance your application, showcase your achievements, and increase your chances of landing an interview.

Review what to include in a job application letter, tips for writing that will get your application noticed, and examples of cover letters and email messages to send when applying for a job.

Key Takeaways

• An application letter accompanies a resume and may be uploaded to a job portal, sent via email, or even sent by postal mail, depending on the employer’s requirements.
• Application letters are an ideal way to show your interest in a job and highlight your most relevant skills.
• It’s important to match your letter to the job description and show the employer you have the qualifications they are seeking.

A   letter of application, also known as a  cover letter , is a document sent with your resume to provide additional information about your skills and experience to an employer. Your letter of application is intended to provide detailed information on why you are an ideal candidate for the job.

Your application letter should let the employer know what position you are applying for, what makes you a strong candidate, why they should select you for an interview, and how you will follow up.

Effective application letters explain the reasons for your interest in the specific organization and identify the most relevant skills that qualify you for the job.

Unless an employer specifically requests a job application letter sent by postal mail, most cover letters today are sent by email or attached as a file in an online application tracking system.

As with all cover letters, a job application letter is divided into sections:

• The heading includes your name and contact information.
• A  greeting  addressed to a specific person, if possible.
• The introduction includes why the applicant is writing.
• The body discusses your relevant qualifications and what you have to offer the employer.
• The close thanks the reader and provides contact information and follow-up details.
• Your  signature to end the letter .

Here’s how to ensure your application supports your resume, highlights your most relevant qualifications, and impresses the hiring manager.

Get off to a direct start.  In your first paragraph, explain why you are writing. Mention the job title, company name, and where you found the job listing. While you can also briefly mention why you are a strong candidate, this section should be short and to the point.

Offer something different than what's in your resume. You can make your language a bit more personal than in your resume bullet points, and you can tell a narrative about your work experience and career.

Application letters typically accompany resumes, so your letter should showcase information that your resume doesn't.

Make a good case.  Your first goal with this letter is to progress to the next step: an interview. Your overarching goal, of course, is to get a job offer. Use your application letter to further both causes. Offer details about your experience and background that show why you are a good candidate. How have other jobs prepared you for the position? What would you bring to the role and the company? Use this space to  emphasize your strengths .

Close with all the important details.  Include a thank you at the end of your letter. You can also share your contact information and mention how you will follow up.

This is a sample cover letter.  Download the cover letter template  (compatible with Google Docs and Word Online) or see below for an email sample.

The Balance

John Donaldson 8 Sue Circle Smithtown, CA 08067 909-555-5555 john.donaldson@email.com

September 6, 2023

George Gilhooley LTC Company 87 Delaware Road Hatfield, CA 08065

Dear Mr. Gilhooley,

I am writing to apply for the programmer position advertised in the Times Union. As requested, I enclose my certification, resume, and references.

The role is very appealing to me, and I believe that my strong technical experience and education make me a highly competitive candidate for this position. My key strengths that would support my success in this position include:

• I have successfully designed, developed, and supported live-use applications.
• I strive continually for excellence.
• I provide exceptional contributions to customer service for all customers.

With a BS degree in computer programming, I have a comprehensive understanding of the full lifecycle of software development projects. I also have experience in learning and applying new technologies as appropriate. Please see my resume for additional information on my experience.

I can be reached anytime via email at john.donaldson@email.com or by phone at 909-555-5555.

Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to speaking with you about this employment opportunity.

Signature  (only if a hard copy letter)

John Donaldson

The following is a sample email cover letter to send as part of a job application.

Email Application Letter Example

Subject: Colleen Warren - Web Content Manager Position

Dear Hiring Manager,

I'm writing to express my interest in the Web Content Manager position listed on Monster.com. I have experience building large, consumer-focused, health-based content sites. While much of my experience has been in the business world, I understand the social value of this sector, and I am confident that my business experience will be an asset to your organization.

My responsibilities have included the development and management of website editorial voice and style, editorial calendars, and the daily content programming and production for various websites.

I have worked closely with health care professionals and medical editors to provide the best possible information to a consumer audience of patients. I have also helped physicians use their medical content to write user-friendly and easily comprehensible text.

Experience has taught me how to build strong relationships with all departments in an organization. I have the ability to work within a team, as well as cross-team. I can work with web engineers to resolve technical issues and implement technical enhancements. 

I am confident working with development departments to implement design and functional enhancements, monitor site statistics, and conduct search engine optimization.

Thank you for your consideration.

Colleen Warren colleen.warren@email.com 555-123-1234 www.linked.com/colleenwarren

How to Send an Email Application Letter

If sending your cover letter via email, list your name and the job title you are applying for in the  subject line  of the email:

Colleen Warren - Web Content Manager Position

Include your contact information in your email signature but don't list the employer's contact information.

Do you have to write a cover letter when you apply for a job?

Some employers require cover letters. If they do, it will be mentioned in the job posting. Otherwise, it’s optional but it can help your chances of securing an interview. A cover letter gives you a chance to sell yourself to the employer, showcase your qualifications, and explain why you are a perfect candidate for the job.

How can you use a cover letter to show you’re a qualified candidate?

One of the easiest ways to show an employer how you’re qualified for a job is to make a list of the requirements listed in the job posting and match them to your resume . Mention your most relevant qualifications in your cover letter, so the hiring manager can see, at a glance, that you have the credentials they are looking for.

CareerOneStop. " How Do I Write a Cover Letter? "

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• Letter Of Application

49 Best Letter Of Application Samples (+”How to Write” Guide)

Almost all adults have written a letter of application when applying for a job that suits their qualifications. At times, the feedbacks could be extremely frustrating and it may not even be your qualifications that come into question. If the substance of your letter of application sample is okay, then it must have been the format. Therefore, you must learn all that you can to compose an effective job application template .

Table of Contents

• 1 Letter Of Application Templates
• 2 What is a letter of application?
• 3 Letter Of Application Samples
• 4 Writing a letter of application
• 5 Application Letter Examples
• 6 Practical tips to keep in mind when writing your letter of application
• 7 Job Application Templates

Letter Of Application Templates

What is a letter of application?

A letter of application which is sometimes called a cover letter is a type of document that you send together with your CV or resume. It provides details about your experiences and skills. It also contains detailed information about why you consider yourself the most qualified for the job you’re applying for.

In most application letter examples, you also enumerate reasons with explanations about your interest in the position you want which requires all of your relevant skills. Letters of application inform your prospective employer about your interest in the position, what makes you a worthy contender, and why the employer should choose you.

Letter Of Application Samples

Writing a letter of application

You would compose a letter of application for a variety of purposes which are either domestic or professional. All letter of application samples are generally of the formal type and they follow some predefined format which applies to most types of application letters. It is, therefore, essential to get acquainted with the steps when writing one:

Preparation

• Get a blank sheet of paper and divide this into two columns. Indicate “Requirements” in one column and “Skills” in the other. Now read the details of the job vacancy very carefully. While doing this, familiarize yourself with the job requirements too.
• At this point, you should already have a resume which you can compare with the requirements of the job, both in terms of skill and experience. Including these major points relevant to the job provides for you the right and most significant information in your application letter format more efficiently and quickly.
• Start your job application template by including your contact details at the top. The purpose of this is to make it very easy for the prospective employer to find out exactly who you are and how to contact you. Make sure you use the correct letterhead too.
• Include the company’s information. After your contact details, you should also provide information about the company of the employer you’re applying to and this includes the name, job title, company name, and the business address. Providing these details gives the impression that you’ve taken some time to compose a customized letter of application to that company.
• Including this information also shows that you have done extra research about the hiring manager of the position you want. You can always search for the company’s website to find out the hiring manager’s name. Or as an alternative, search for the name of the department head of the department to which you’re applying. If you can’t access either name, it’s still okay to address the application letter to the company’s hiring department.
• Address the letter to the employee whom you’re writing to. Including this in your application letter format shows that you’re formal enough to begin with an official address. Never address your application letter with the words “ To Whom It May Concern .” This is very generic and informal. It also gives the impression that you didn’t do much research on the company you’re applying to.

Application Letter Examples

Writing the letter of application

• Write a compelling first paragraph. Write something that draws the interest of your reader, in this case, the hiring manager. Most application letter examples end up in the dust bin because they’re devoid of appeal. To avoid this, treat your first paragraph like a breaking news article by opening with a declarative statement.
• Inform the reader about your enthusiasm for applying for a position in the company. Demonstrate to the hiring manager about your familiarity with the company’s work and how you would perfectly fit for the position applied for.
• Mention where you discovered the information about the position you’re applying. Make some calls and research to find out if you have an acquaintance in the company. It’s always great to have a reference on the inside. Don’t hesitate to name drop, especially if the person granted you permission to do so.
• Elaborate why hiring you will benefit the employer. A job vacancy usually opens when the company has an issue which needs solving. As an applicant, it’s your job to solve this issue among other things.
• You can refer to your resume where you have enumerated your accomplishments, experiences, and skills. From this, you can use an example or two and elaborate on them. These show that you are very much qualified for the role.
• Provide a brief summary of your strengths, experience, and qualifications. The second paragraph of your letter should provide a summarized description of your experiences and abilities to demonstrate why you’re the perfect choice for the job.
• Highlight the most significant parts of your professional career. Although your most recent accomplishments would be a good place for you to start, you might have a past experience which perfectly fits the required qualifications of the job. If you need to dig deeper to prove your worth, then do so.
• Create an image of yourself which isn’t on your resume. Resumes typically depict what you’ve done during your last assignments or jobs. As an applicant, you would also want the hiring manager to see the person behind these accomplishments.
• In maybe two or three sentences, express your thoughts on how your previous company has personally made an impact on you and how this dream job application will, in one way, shape your future. Showing this human side of you proves that you are more than the facts printed on paper.

Finish up your application letter

• Create a brief summary explaining why you are the best candidate for the position in just one sentence. It’s best to end your letter with a polite reminder to your prospective employer why you’re the best applicant for the job and this gesture may earn you an interview. But do this succinctly in just one meaningful sentence.
• Provide a gentle invitation to reach out to you. Make an invitation to your reader about wanting the chance to speak more about the vacant position. It isn’t redundant to give your contact information again just for emphasis.
• Also, don’t forget to thank the hiring manager about any consideration that he will make then end the letter with a courteous statement like “looking forward to hearing from you at the earliest convenience” or something equally pleasant.
• Sign off. This step can, at times, be very frustrating, especially if you don’t know what’s considered appropriate. Using a tone that’s too formal may have a tinge of insincerity and it might not fit the overall style of the letter itself. Just be sincere without sounding offensive, period.
• Finally, after signing off, write your complete name and affix your signature. If your word processor has been set up for a signature, you may insert this underneath your name. Or you can print out the final version of your letter then affix your signature. For a letter of application sample, a signature is optional.

Practical tips to keep in mind when writing your letter of application

Depending on what it contains, how you prepared it, and how you formatted it, a letter of application can either make you or break you. To make sure that your application letter format will support you, consider the following tips:

• Get right to the point The first paragraph of your job application template should already state the purpose. Indicate the job you’re applying for, the name of the company, and the source of the job vacancy listing. You can mention why you’re a strong contender for the position but do so in a direct-to-the-point statement.
• Offer a variety of information Instead of being too technical, tone down your language on a more personal level, not to sound like the contents of your bullet-point resume. An anecdote about your career and work experience will do just fine. Although a resume is a must when applying for a job, the application letter should highlight relevant information which your resume cannot do.
• Make a good case for yourself The main objective of your letter of application is to land a job interview which hopefully will get you a job offer. A good application letter can achieve both goals for you. Another way to enhance your chances is by offering details regarding your experiences and job background which demonstrates why you’re a very qualified candidate. Expound on how your previous jobs have prepared you adequately for the position and what good you can do with said position and the company as well. Highlight your strengths.
• Close the letter with relevant details Don’t forget to include a note of thanks towards the end of the letter to show your appreciation for considering you for the position. Again, provide your contact details and state how you plan to follow up on your letter. This gives the impression on your genuine interest for the position.

Job Application Templates

More Templates

Job Abandonment Letter

Referral Letters

Two Weeks Notice Letters

Employee Evaluation Templates

90 Day Review Templates

Teacher Resignation Letters

How to Write a Cover Letter to Reapply for a Job at a Company That You Have Already Worked For

• Cover Letters
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How to Respond to the Interview Question: Why Did You Resign?

How to cancel a job offer you've accepted, how to accept a job politely.

• How to Leave a Long-Term Job
• Good Examples of Why You Would Like to Work for an Employer

It can be a small world, and at some point in your career, you may find yourself trying to go back to a company you previously worked for. As long as you weren’t terminated for misconduct or poor performance, you likely have an “in” with the company that you can capitalize on in a re-introductory cover letter.

Why Did You Leave?

It’s important to take stock of why you left before you try to write a cover letter to reapply for a job with a company you’ve already worked for. You may have left because of a toxic corporate culture, because there was no room for advancement, you didn’t like the compensation package or you disagreed with management decisions. It's important to consider if anything may have changed that would make the second go-around a worthwhile pursuit. If you still have contacts inside the company, consider them as valuable resources, both for getting an inside scoop and possibly even pushing your resume into the right hands.

If You Were Downsized

If you were downsized for no reason other than corporate restructuring, you theoretically left on better-than-average terms. In your letter, discuss what you liked about working for the company and why you would like to return.

W__hile it was difficult to be let go last year when the company restructured, the organization remains one of the best I’ve ever worked for. In the past several months, I’ve been doing consulting work, and when I noticed you have a new position open in sales, I thought I’d reach out to see if you still consider me a good fit for the organization.

If You Left for Another Job

If you moved on from the company to pursue another opportunity, particularly a job that was a step up, there shouldn’t be any hard feelings with your previous employer. Be honest about why you would like to come back in a new or similar capacity.

As you know, I couldn’t pass up the opportunity to run my own team when I was offered a job at ABC Co. While I learned a great deal there, I must admit, I miss the cohesive team environment of XYZ Co. I understand you’re looking for someone to run the new community relations division, and I would love the opportunity to be considered for the role.

If You Left for School

If you left a job to further your education, you have a lot of advantages for a rehire request. Emphasize what you liked about working there, what you have learned and how you anticipate utilizing your education if you’re invited to return.

It was such a pleasure working with ABC Co. back in 2016. While I opted to take the last two years away from work to complete my MBA, now that it’s completed, I’d love to be able to utilize my newfound skills in the accounting department. I understand you are hiring right now, and I would be most appreciative of an interview.

If You Left for Personal Reasons

If you left your old job to raise a family, tend to an elderly relative or even travel or explore self-employment, it’s perfectly acceptable to reference that time in your cover letter.

As you are aware, I decided it was important to be home with my girls when they were toddlers. Now that they are in preschool, I’m incredibly excited about re-entering the workforce, and I can think of no place I’d rather be than back at ABC Co. Could I make arrangements to visit HR sometime in the near future?

Capitalize on Your History

When communicating with your previous employer in your cover letter, stress the value of your knowledge of the company, your existing in-house networks and highlight any new skills you bring to the table.

I believe I can be an asset to the organization because I have a solid understanding of strategic objectives, I'm familiar with the board of directors and I know all of the internal routing systems and best practices.

Conclude your cover letter by making a request for a meeting or for re-hire consideration. As with any professional correspondence, note any attachments, such as resume or references and include all relevant contact information.

• Forbes: 8 Tips For Getting Rehired By A Former Employer
• Fast Company: Five Steps to Getting Rehired by a Former Employer

Lisa McQuerrey has been an award-winning writer and author for more than 25 years. She specializes in business, finance, workplace/career and education. Publications she’s written for include Southwest Exchange and InBusiness Las Vegas.

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How to Apply for a Job Online: 10 Tips to Stand Out and Land an Interview

Applying for jobs online has become the norm. Generally, it's a win-win situation for both sides involved: Job seekers have a broad range of opportunities and the convenience of applying for multiple jobs from home, while employers can leverage automated systems to select the best candidates. However, the online application process can be daunting.

With numerous platforms to register, different requirements and application processes, and applicant tracking systems (ATSs) to dribble, many candidates experience a feeling described as job-hunting fatigue .

The bad news is that there's no way around it—online job applications have come to stay. The good news is that with a little strategy and organization, you can successfully navigate this process and stand out from the crowd of applicants.

In this article, we will teach you how to apply for a job online with 10 tips that not only will help you land an interview but also hopefully make your job hunting journey less stressful.

Looking for that perfect role? One of these open jobs on The Muse might just be the one »

How to apply for a job online: before, during, and after

From the start, applying for a job online requires four basic elements: a digitized version of your resume and cover letter , a professional email address, a good internet connection, and a handful of patience. Below we lay out essential tips for each step of the application process.

1. Write an ATS-friendly resume

Most companies use applicant tracking systems to filter candidates from online applications. This type of software quickly sorts and scans resumes to find the best “match” to a predetermined role. That's why writing an ATS-friendly resume is the first step in applying for jobs online—if your resume is not a match, it might not get selected. But how do you do it?

Simply put, your resume should be tailored to the specific role you're applying for and have keywords from the job description. Keywords in job descriptions include skills, experience, certifications, and education. For instance, “time management,” “HTML, C, and Java,” and “B.S in Computer Science” are often key requirements and terms used in software development job postings. (Here's how to read a job description the right way .)

Unless the employer asks for a creative resume, always use a simple and minimalist resume template with one column, standard fonts, and font sizes (for example, Arial 11), and no graph elements to make it easier to be scanned.

2. Have two versions of your resume

If you have a diverse professional background and are applying for different types of positions, you should have two versions of your resume, properly formatted for each role. This makes the online application process faster and easier, as you won't have to redo the whole thing at every new submission, only minor adjustments.

3. Keep your LinkedIn profile updated

Hiring managers often search for candidates on LinkedIn. Thus, your profile should always be updated with all the relevant experience, certifications, education, and skills for the job you intend to land. If you have a portfolio (and it's requested in your field) add the link to the “site” section.

Like your resume, your LinkedIn profile should also include some relevant keywords to make it easily found. For instance, if you're a data analyst experienced with sales, and that's exactly what you'd like to do in your next role, you could add “Data analyst | Sales chain expert” to your title.

Don't forget to update your picture and your header, if needed. The more clean and professional, the better. Remember that your profile is going to be the first impression the recruiter will have of you—and you want to make sure that is a good impression.

Optimize your LinkedIn profile with our 31 Best LinkedIn Profile Tips for Job Seekers

4. Have a basic cover letter draft ready

Some companies ask for cover letters, others don't. To save time, always have a basic cover letter drafted and update it to match the jobs you're applying for. As with resumes, if you're applying for two (or more) different roles, consider having two cover letter versions ready to go. (Take a look at these four cover letter examples in case you need some help.)

5. Use search engines to find open jobs

Most, if not all, companies post open positions on search engine websites—which include traditional job listing platforms and LinkedIn. You can leverage this by searching for specific keywords related to the job you want and selecting companies to submit an application.

On The Muse , you can filter more than 10,000 open positions by experience level, job category, company industry, location, and benefits. Similarly, LinkedIn allows you to filter job openings by date, company, level of experience, and work system (remote or on-site).

When you find the ideal opportunity and decide to apply, two things can happen: 1) You'll be redirected to the company's website to fill out your application there. 2) You'll be able to fill up your application on that same page. On LinkedIn, for example, companies can opt for a simplified application, in which you upload your resume on LinkedIn, answer a couple of questions, and send it.

6. Create accounts on job listing websites

Speaking of job listing websites, creating an account for the ones most popular or commonly used by companies can significantly speed up your application process. Keep in mind that sooner or later you'll have to do it, so you might anticipate the task.

Usually, those websites have a profile page—similar to LinkedIn—that you have to fill up with the following information:

• Certifications
• Awards and recognitions

Some will allow you to register with LinkedIn and autofill the information, which facilitates the process. (Remember to check if the data exportation was successful and every box is filled correctly). However, others don't have this option and you’ll have to do it manually. To avoid spelling and grammar mistakes or missing information, consider taking a day when you have free time to focus instead of rushing to finish your registration.

7. Use the career section of companies sites

Company websites are also places to find and apply for jobs online. If there is any specific company that you'd really like to work for, check their website and search for a “Careers” page. If you find one, it's likely that you have two options: 1) Submitting your resume to their tablet database or 2) Apply for a specific job if there are any openings.

In both cases, you'll either have to fill up your work history, education, and personal information manually or use the autofill through LinkedIn or your resume file. Keep in mind that every company site is different, so these options may not always be available in all the sites you visit.

In case you have to manually add your information, a trick that can speed up the process is copying and pasting from your resume. Just remember to make the necessary changes and adapt to each specific job position.

8. Be prepared to do employment tests

Online applications in job listing sites often come with employment tests, also known as talent assessment tests, that you have to complete as part of your candidacy. Not doing the tests, when they're mandatory, will automatically disqualify you.

Usually, these tests assess your personality and skills. Some will also evaluate emotional intelligence, cognition, and work style—it really depends on your industry, field, and role. Needless to say, scoring high on employment tests is crucial to be considered by the hiring manager—so you want to take them seriously and complete them calmly.

Although this seems a daunting task to do, there's a plus side: some companies use the same or similar tests, which allows you to repurpose one that's already saved on the platform or know exactly what kind of answers you'll have to respond.

9. Have an application email script drafted

Some companies, especially small ones, don't have built-in software to handle online job applications and would rather have candidates send their resumes via email. For this reason, consider having an email script drafted to send along with your resume and cover letter, if requested.

Your message should be professional, and straight to the point. A brief salutation, a sentence expressing your interest in the role, one to two sentences about your resume (and cover letter), a closing sentence, and your signature is enough. For instance, you could say something along the lines of:

Dear [Name],

My name is [Your Name] and I'm excited to apply for the Software Developer position listed on LinkedIn.

As requested, I've attached my resume and cover letter . Please let me know if I can provide any extra information.

Thank you for your consideration. I look forward to hearing from you.

Best regards,

[Your Name]

[email protected]

555 123 4567

linkedin.com/in/name

10. Track your applications and follow up

While it’s not mandatory, ideally you should track and follow up with your applications. Generally, one to two weeks is considered a reasonable time to reach out to check the status of your application.

Keeping track of your applications also prevents you from applying for the same company multiple times (don’t even bother—it won't get you the job) and also helps you remember which job a recruiter is referring to when they reach out to you. (Here's how to follow up on a job application .)

Your tracking system can be as simple as a notebook with detailed notes, or as formatted as a spreadsheet tracking the job opportunity, hiring manager’s contact info, dates you sent the resume and followed up, and any response you’ve received so far.

Extra advice on online applications

Applying for a job online is as formal as handing your resume in person. Thus, you should take every detail of this process seriously, including the following:

• Email address : Use a professional email address, both to register on job listing sites and to send emails to recruiters. Avoid playful or overly informal usernames and opt for a version with your name and last name.
• Resume file format : Generally, it's best to submit your resume as .doc or .docx, however, some employers may ask for a PDF file. You can have both versions saved, for convenience, or convert the file format when necessary.
• Your resume file name : Always save your resume file with your name and last name. For instance, annajonesresume.doc. This makes it easier to locate, both for you and the hiring manager. Avoid generic names such as “resume” or random numbers.
• Follow the employer's directions : If the job posting requires specific information or documents (for instance, a portfolio or a cover letter), give what is requested. If they don't, then don't. Following the recruiter's instructions is crucial to successfully applying for jobs online—everything they want from you is going to be written in the posting.

Bottom line

Online job applications can be confusing at first, but they tend to be simpler than most people expect. You need a tailored and ATS-friendly resume, a cover letter draft in case the employer asks for one, and a dose of patience to fill up your personal information, education, and work history on job listing sites.

Paying close attention to the job description is crucial to know exactly what the employer is looking for and what steps should be taken to successfully submit your application. If you feel like you need extra help, even after reading our tips, consider working with a career coach .

Fresh Graduate Cover Letter

Cover letter maker.

Applying for your first job or internship after graduation can be challenging, especially when you have little to no experience in the workforce. A well-crafted cover letter can significantly increase your chances of landing that dream job. This article will guide you on how to write an effective fresh graduate cover letter, provide examples, and offer practical tips to help you stand out from the competition.

What is a Fresh Graduate Cover Letter?

A Fresh Graduate Cover Letter is a document accompanying a resume, specifically written by recent graduates seeking their first job or internship opportunity. This letter focuses on their academic achievements, internship experience, coursework, and relevant skills that align with the job’s requirements.

What is the Best Example of a Fresh Graduate Cover Letter?

The best cover letter example of a fresh graduate seamlessly merges academic accomplishments, relevant skills, and any internships or volunteer work to demonstrate a candidate’s potential to succeed in the targeted role. The key is to focus on transferable skills and highlight how you can contribute to the company.

Dear Hiring Manager,

I am excited to apply for the junior analyst position at XYZ Company, as advertised on your careers page. As a recent Business Administration graduate from ABC University, I am eager to apply my academic knowledge in a practical setting.

During my time at ABC University, I majored in Finance and completed an internship with DEF Firm. I worked directly under the senior analyst and assisted with data analysis and presentation. This experience, combined with my academic background, makes me a strong candidate for this position.

I am confident that my passion for data analysis and strong analytical skills would allow me to make a significant contribution to the XYZ team. Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to discuss how I can contribute to your team.

Yours Sincerely, [Your Name]

Size: 27 KB

Free Fresh Graduate Cover Letters – Copy & Paste

We understand that writing a cover letter can be daunting, especially when you’re fresh out of college. Here are some free templates to guide you. You can copy, paste, and customize them to suit your specific circumstances and the job you’re applying for.

Fresh Graduate Cover Letter with No Experience Example

Writing a cover letter with no work experience can be a challenge, but it’s certainly not impossible. In such a case, your aim should be to highlight your academic achievements, volunteer work, internships, and transferable skills. The example below is a guide on how to write a compelling cover letter even with no work experience:

Dear [Hiring Manager’s Name],

I am writing to apply for the [Job Title] position at [Company Name], as advertised on [Job Advertisement Source]. As a recent graduate from [Your University] with a degree in [Your Degree], I am eager to start my career in [Industry Name] with an innovative company such as yours.

During my time at university, I [talk about a project or accomplishment]. Additionally, I developed strong [mention specific skills] skills, which I believe are highly applicable to the role of [Job Title].

I am excited about the opportunity to bring my unique blend of skills and experience to your esteemed company and am confident in my ability to become a productive member of your team.

Thank you for considering my application.

Size: 26 KB

How to Use: Use this template as a guide. Remember to personalize it with your own details, and add specific accomplishments and skills that align with the job description. Tailoring your cover letter to each job application will show the hiring manager that you’re genuinely interested in the position and the company.

Fresh Graduate Cover Letter for Job Application Examples

Crafting an effective cover letter for job application as a fresh graduate for a specific job application requires highlighting your academic achievements, relevant coursework, internships, or projects related to the job. Here is an example to guide you:

I am writing to apply for the [Job Title] position at [Company Name] as advertised on [Job Advertisement Source]. As a recent graduate from [University Name] with a degree in [Degree Name], I believe I am well-equipped to contribute effectively to your team.

In my final year project, I worked on [describe the project and your role briefly]. This experience gave me hands-on exposure to [mention relevant skills or knowledge that are pertinent to the job]. I am eager to apply this knowledge and grow further at [Company Name].

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the possibility of discussing my application with you further.

How to Use: Remember to replace the placeholders with your information and tailor the content to match the job requirements and the company’s culture.

Fresh Engineering Graduate Cover Letter Example

As a fresh engineering graduate, your cover letter should highlight technical skills, academic projects, and engineering internships. Here’s an example:

I’m writing to apply for the [Job Title] position at [Company Name], as advertised on [Job Advertisement Source]. I recently graduated from [University Name] with a Bachelor’s degree in [Engineering Discipline].

During my time at university, I worked on a project [describe the project and your role], which helped me develop practical skills in [mention specific engineering skills]. In addition, my internship at [Company Name] allowed me to gain hands-on experience in the field.

I am eager to contribute my energy, dedication, and technical skills to your esteemed company. Thank you for considering my application.

How to Use: Adapt this  engineering cover letter  to fit your own experiences and achievements. Be sure to highlight engineering projects or internships that align with the job you’re applying for.

Fresh Medical Graduate Cover Letter Example

A cover letter for a fresh medical graduate should focus on clinical experiences, internships, and your passion for medicine. Here’s a suitable example:

I am writing to express my interest in the [Job Title] position at [Company Name], as advertised on [Job Advertisement Source]. As a recent graduate from [University Name] with a [Degree Name], I am eager to begin my career at your respected institution.

During my clinical rotations at [Hospital/Clinic Name], I gained hands-on experience in [specific medical skills]. My experience, coupled with my passion for helping others, makes me a strong candidate for this position.

I look forward to the opportunity to provide compassionate and dedicated care to your patients. Thank you for considering my application.

How to Use: Modify this example by inserting your details, the hiring manager’s name, and specific skills or experiences relevant to the job.

Fresh Architect Graduate Cover Letter Example

A fresh architect graduate cover letter should showcase your design skills, technical knowledge, and any relevant projects or internships you’ve completed. Here’s an example:

I’m applying for the [Job Title] position at [Company Name], which I saw listed on [Job Advertisement Source]. I have recently graduated from [University Name] with a Bachelor’s degree in Architecture.

In my final year, I was part of a project [describe the project and your role]. This experience allowed me to develop my design and technical skills in [mention specific skills].

I am excited about the opportunity to contribute to [Company Name] and to grow as a professional. Thank you for considering my application.

Size: 188 KB

How to Use: Personalize this template by including your specific experiences, skills, and academic achievements related to the field of architecture.

Fresh Graduate Cover Letter for Customer Service Example

As a fresh graduate applying for a customer service position, your cover letter should highlight your communication skills, problem-solving abilities, and any customer service or sales-related experience. Here’s a sample:

I am writing to apply for the [Job Title] position at [Company Name] as advertised on [Job Advertisement Source]. I recently graduated from [University Name] with a degree in [Degree Name], and I believe my skills and experiences align with your needs.

During my part-time role at [Previous Company Name], I developed strong customer service skills and a solution-focused mindset. I also learned to handle customer complaints and maintain a positive customer experience.

I am excited about the possibility of bringing my unique blend of skills and experience to [Company Name]. Thank you for considering my application.

How to Use: Modify this customer service cover letter to include your own experiences, especially any roles or projects where you have demonstrated strong customer service skills.

Fresh Graduate Cover Letter for Internship Example

When applying for an internship as a fresh graduate, your cover letter should highlight your eagerness to learn, relevant coursework, and any academic or extracurricular achievements. Here’s a sample:

Dear [Hiring Manager’s Name],

I’m excited to apply for the internship position at [Company Name] which I discovered on [Job Advertisement Source]. As a recent graduate from [University Name] with a degree in [Degree Name], I’m eager to apply my knowledge in a practical setting.

During my university career, I excelled in [mention specific courses or projects], which I believe will be beneficial for this role. My professors commended my [mention specific skills or attributes], and I’m confident these will be valuable in this internship.

Thank you for considering my application. I am looking forward to the possibility of contributing to [Company Name].

How to Use: Modify this template by including your specific academic and extracurricular achievements. Highlight skills and experiences that align with the internship role.

Fresh Graduate Cover Letter for Bank Teller Example

A fresh graduate cover letter for a bank teller position should showcase your attention to detail, mathematical skills, and any relevant internships or part-time roles. Here’s a sample:

I am writing to apply for the Bank Teller position at [Company Name] that I saw advertised on [Job Advertisement Source]. I recently graduated from [University Name] with a degree in [Degree Name], and I am eager to apply my skills in the banking industry.

During my time at university, I took several courses in banking and finance, which have given me a solid understanding of banking principles. I also completed an internship at [Internship Company Name], where I developed strong customer service skills.

I am excited about the possibility of bringing my dedication and strong work ethic to [Company Name]. Thank you for considering my application.

How to Use: Personalize this template by including your specific experiences, especially any roles or projects where you have demonstrated relevant skills.

Fresh Graduate Cover Letter for Finance Management Example

Applying for a position in finance management as a fresh graduate necessitates a cover letter that highlights analytical skills, attention to detail, and knowledge of financial principles. Consider this example:

I am excited to apply for the Finance Management trainee position at [Company Name] that I learned about from [Job Advertisement Source]. As a recent graduate from [University Name] with a degree in [Degree Name], I am eager to bring my financial acumen to your team.

My coursework in corporate finance, investment strategies, and business valuation, along with my proficiency in Excel, makes me a strong candidate for this position. During my internship at [Internship Company Name], I gained hands-on experience in financial reporting and analysis.

I am confident that I can contribute to [Company Name]’s goals and look forward to potentially joining your team. Thank you for considering my application.

How to Use: Modify this  finance cover letter  to fit your specific skills and experiences. Highlight academic and internship experiences relevant to finance management.

Fresh Graduate Cover Letter for Job Application Example

For a fresh graduate job application, the cover letter should exhibit transferable skills, academic knowledge, and a willingness to learn. Here is an example:

I am writing to express my interest in the [Job Position] at [Company Name], as advertised on [Job Advertisement Source]. I recently graduated from [University Name] with a degree in [Degree Name] and am eager to apply my academic knowledge in a professional setting.

During my time at [University Name], I excelled in [mention specific courses or projects]. I am confident that these experiences have prepared me well for the responsibilities of the [Job Position].

I am excited about the possibility of joining the [Company Name] team and am confident that I can contribute to your mission. Thank you for considering my application.

How to Use: This general template can be adapted to any job application. Include specifics about your degree and university experience, and tailor the letter to the job responsibilities.

Fresh Mechanical Engineering Graduate Cover Letter Example

A cover letter for a fresh mechanical engineering graduate should emphasize technical knowledge, hands-on experiences during internships or projects, and problem-solving skills. Here is an example:

I am writing to apply for the Mechanical Engineer position at [Company Name] that was advertised on [Job Advertisement Source]. I recently graduated from [University Name] with a Bachelor’s degree in Mechanical Engineering and I am excited to apply the skills I have acquired in a practical setting.

During my university studies, I undertook a project on [briefly describe a project or achievement], which honed my problem-solving and teamwork skills. My internship at [Internship Company Name] gave me hands-on experience in designing mechanical systems and conducting failure analysis, both of which are critical for the [Job Position].

I am eager to bring my engineering skills to [Company Name] and contribute to your ongoing projects. Thank you for considering my application.

How to Use: Modify this template to fit your specific skills and experiences. Highlight academic and internship experiences relevant to mechanical engineering.

Sample Fresh Graduate Cover Letter Example

A general cover letter sample for fresh graduates across fields may look like this:

I am writing to apply for the position of [Job Position] at [Company Name], as advertised on [Job Advertisement Source]. Having recently graduated from [University Name] with a degree in [Degree Name], I am excited to bring my skills and knowledge to your team.

Throughout my academic career, I have demonstrated [mention specific skills or accomplishments]. These experiences have equipped me with the ability to [describe how these experiences will benefit the job role].

I look forward to the opportunity of discussing my application with you further. Thank you for considering my application.

How to Use: This is a broad fresh graduate cover letter template that can be modified to suit any job application. Replace the placeholders with your specific details and tailor the skills and experiences to match the job description.

Fresh Graduate Cover Letter for Human Resource Example

A fresh graduate applying for a position in human resources should highlight their understanding of employee relations, data analysis, and legal regulations. Let’s consider this example:

I am excited to apply for the Human Resource Assistant position at [Company Name] as advertised on [Job Advertisement Source]. I recently graduated from [University Name] with a Bachelor’s degree in Human Resources Management and am eager to start my career in your esteemed organization.

During my final year, I completed an internship with [Company Name], where I gained firsthand experience in employee relations, HR software, and legal compliance. I believe these skills will greatly contribute to your team.

I look forward to the possibility of contributing to [Company Name]. Thank you for considering my application.

How to Use: Customize this human resource cover letter with your details. Emphasize any internship experiences, HR-related coursework, or capstone projects.

Fresh Graduate Cover Letter for Accounting Example

For an accounting position, a fresh graduate should emphasize their proficiency with accounting software, attention to detail, and understanding of accounting principles. Here’s an example:

I am writing to apply for the Accountant position at [Company Name] advertised on [Job Advertisement Source]. I am a recent graduate from [University Name] with a Bachelor’s degree in Accounting, ready to start my career in the field.

At university, I took part in an intensive Accounting practicum where I developed strong analytical skills and familiarity with popular accounting software, such as QuickBooks and Sage. I am confident that my skills will contribute to [Company Name].

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the possibility of discussing it further with you.

How to Use: Adapt this letter by including specific coursework or projects relevant to the job role. You can also mention certifications (like CPA) if you have any.

Fresh Graduate Cover Letter for Business Administration Example

For a Business Administration role, a fresh graduate can underline their understanding of business processes, organizational behavior, and project management. Here is a great example:

I’m thrilled to apply for the Business Administration Trainee position at [Company Name], as posted on [Job Advertisement Source]. I am a recent graduate from [University Name] with a degree in Business Administration and am keen to apply the knowledge and skills I have acquired in a practical setting.

As part of my course, I have completed projects in areas such as project management, organizational behavior, and business strategy. I believe these experiences will be beneficial to [Company Name] and align with the duties of the position.

I look forward to the opportunity to discuss my application further.

How to Use: Replace the brackets with your own information, and feel free to highlight any specific business administration projects or internships that would make you a strong candidate.

Fresh Graduate Cover Letter for Interior Design Example

A fresh graduate applying for an Interior Design role might want to highlight their creativity, knowledge of design software, and understanding of design principles. Here’s a sample:

I am writing to apply for the Interior Designer position at [Company Name] listed on [Job Advertisement Source]. As a recent graduate from [University Name] with a degree in Interior Design, I am eager to apply my creative skills and education in a practical setting.

I have developed a keen eye for design and a proficiency in [mention design software], which I believe align well with the job description. In addition, my senior year project, which involved redesigning a commercial space, has given me practical experience that I can bring to your team.

Sincerely, [Your Name]

How to Use: Be sure to include details about your design software skills and any hands-on experience from school projects or internships.

Fresh Graduate Cover Letter for Graphic Designer Example

A graphic designer cover letter for fresh graduate can highlight their creative skills, software expertise, and understanding of design principles. Here’s a sample:

I am excited to apply for the Junior Graphic Designer position at [Company Name], as advertised on [Job Advertisement Source]. As a recent graduate from [University Name] with a degree in Graphic Design, I am passionate about visual communication and eager to put my creativity to work.

In my coursework, I honed my skills in Adobe Creative Suite, which I understand is a requirement for this position. My portfolio, which I have included as an attachment, demonstrates a variety of design skills including typography, color theory, and digital illustration.

I look forward to potentially discussing my qualifications further.

How to Use: Replace the placeholders with your details. Make sure to highlight any specific graphic design software skills or projects that you have worked on.

General Fresh Graduate Cover Letter Example

For a more general application, a fresh graduate might highlight transferable skills, academic achievements, and eagerness to learn. Here’s an example:

I am eager to apply for the [Job Title] role at [Company Name], as listed on [Job Advertisement Source]. As a recent graduate from [University Name] with a degree in [Your Degree], I am confident that my academic achievements and passion for learning will make me a strong candidate for this role.

I have honed my skills in research, project management, and teamwork during my time at university and I’m excited to bring these skills to a professional setting.

How to Use: Be sure to include information about your degree and any transferable skills that would be relevant to the role you’re applying for.

Fresh College Graduate Cover Letter Example

For fresh college graduates, a cover letter might highlight academic accomplishments, internships, and relevant coursework. Here’s a sample:

I’m thrilled to apply for the [Job Title] role at [Company Name] advertised on [Job Advertisement Source]. As a recent graduate from [University Name], I have a strong educational foundation in [Your Major], and I am eager to bring my knowledge and enthusiasm to this role.

During my time in college, I completed an internship at [Internship Company] where I gained experience in [describe what you learned or did]. I believe this experience, coupled with my academic accomplishments, makes me a strong fit for this role.

How to Use: Replace the placeholders with your details. Highlight any internships, relevant coursework, or academic accomplishments that make you a strong candidate for the role.

Fresh Graduate Cover Letter for Technician Example

A technician’s cover letter would showcase technical skills, practical experience, and relevant academic knowledge. Here’s a sample:

I am excited to apply for the Technician position at [Company Name], as listed on [Job Advertisement Source]. As a recent graduate of [University/College Name] with a degree in [Your Degree], I am well equipped with the theoretical knowledge and practical training necessary for this role.

During my academic tenure, I gained hands-on experience in troubleshooting, maintaining and repairing various types of equipment, which I believe will serve me well in this role. I am confident in my ability to quickly learn and adapt to new systems and procedures.

How to Use: Personalize this letter by including specific details about the technical skills and experience you possess that align with the job requirements.

Fresh Graduate Cover Letter for IT Job Example

An IT job cover letter would showcase software and hardware knowledge, problem-solving skills, and relevant academic achievements. Here’s an example:

I am thrilled to apply for the IT Specialist role at [Company Name], as advertised on [Job Advertisement Source]. As a recent graduate of [University Name] with a degree in Information Technology, I am excited to apply my skills in a practical setting.

During my studies, I excelled in my coursework on networks, databases, and user support. I also gained practical experience through an internship at [Company Name], where I honed my problem-solving skills and learned to provide excellent customer service.

How to Use: Replace the placeholders with your specific details. Be sure to emphasize any coursework, internships, or skills that are relevant to the role you’re applying for.

Recent Graduate Cover Letter Example

A recent graduate can highlight their academic achievements, eagerness to contribute, and transferable skills. Here’s an example:

I am excited to apply for the [Job Title] role at [Company Name], as listed on [Job Advertisement Source]. As a recent graduate of [University Name] with a degree in [Your Degree], I am confident in my ability to make a meaningful contribution to your team.

Throughout my academic career, I have consistently demonstrated a strong work ethic, critical thinking skills, and the ability to meet deadlines. I am eager to apply these skills in a professional setting and believe I would make a valuable addition to your team.

How to Use: Fill in the placeholders with your personal details. Be sure to emphasize your strengths and any skills or experiences that make you a strong fit for the role.

Fresh Computer Science Graduate Cover Letter Example

A cover letter for a Computer Science graduate would highlight programming skills, problem-solving abilities, and project experience. Here’s a sample:

I am writing to apply for the [Job Title] position at [Company Name], as advertised on [Job Advertisement Source]. As a recent Computer Science graduate from [University Name], I have a solid foundation in data structures, algorithms, and software engineering principles.

I have honed my coding skills through a variety of group projects and independent work, using languages like Java, Python, and C++. Additionally, my experience as an intern at [Company Name] allowed me to develop my problem-solving skills and learn to collaborate effectively with a team.

How to Use: Personalize this letter by including the specific programming languages and tools you’re familiar with. Mention any internships or projects that provided practical experience.

How do you Write a Cover Letter for a Fresh Graduate?

1. Start with a Formal Greeting: Address the hiring manager by their name, if it’s known. Otherwise, use a generic greeting like “Dear Hiring Manager.”

2. Open with Enthusiasm: State the position you’re applying for and express your excitement about the opportunity.

3. Highlight Relevant Skills and Experiences: Discuss your academic achievements, internships, and any skills that make you a good fit for the role.

4. Show Your Knowledge of the Company: Demonstrate that you’ve researched the company and explain why you’re interested in working there.

5. Close with a Call to Action: Thank the hiring manager for considering your application and express your interest in discussing the position further.

Tips for Fresh Graduate Cover Letter Format

1. Keep It Brief: Limit your cover letter to a single page.

2. Use a Professional Tone: Write in a formal, respectful tone. Avoid using slang or overly casual language.

3. Customize Each Letter: Tailor each cover letter to the specific job you’re applying for. Highlight the skills and experiences that are most relevant to the role.

4. Proofread: Ensure your cover letter is free of spelling and grammar mistakes. Consider having someone else read it over as well.

Writing a cover letter as a fresh graduate can be a challenging task. However, by carefully highlighting your academic achievements, skills, and enthusiasm for the role, you can make a strong impression on hiring managers. Remember to tailor each cover letter to the specific job you’re applying for and to proofread carefully.

Text prompt

• Instructive
• Professional

Write a cover letter for a college student applying for an internship at an educational technology company

Form a cover letter for a high school student seeking a part-time job at a local bookstore.

Top tips to create a Strong Cover Letter: Format & Examples

Quick Summary

• A well-crafted cover letter can skyrocket your chances of landing a job.
• Flawless formatting and concise language make a powerful first impression.
• Tailoring your cover letter for each job shows unmatched dedication.
• Nearly half of employers hire candidates based on the strength of their cover letters alone.
• Following the standard format showcases your professionalism and attention to detail.

Table of Contents

A cover letter is an important part of your job application. It explains how well you can align your skills with the company’s objectives. It gives hiring managers a better understanding of your suitability for a job role. Employers often seek applicants’ cover letters along with their CVs because cover letters make a positive first impression on them. If you curate it with a proper cover letter format, you will already be ahead of almost half of job seekers

Moreover, if you write a strong letter, you will absolutely stay ahead in the evaluation process. A well-established cover letter complements your resume. It does not just demonstrate your qualifications; rather, it depicts your drive and readiness to take on new challenges.

It is a good idea to tailor your resume and cover letter format according to each job you apply for. Doing so highlights your enthusiasm towards achieving that job. You can do this by emphasizing the skills and experiences that are most relevant to the job. You can share a few anecdotes that highlight your job experience. You can curate your cover letter by making use of the job description and the company’s website, identifying the company’s values. It does require deep research but improves your chances of getting hired.

A recent survey in the US reveals that 49% of managers interviewed an otherwise weak candidate just because they had a strong cover letter. Whether you are a fresher or an experienced professional, a strong cover letter is all you need to acquire your dream job. Here is a comprehensive guide to cover letter formatting and writing. In this blog post, we will discuss the essential elements of a cover letter and formatting tips so that you can build an effective cover letter.  

Standard Cover Letter Format

A cover letter is a document that addresses the hiring manager. It explains how the specific job role aligns with your skills. It further demonstrates what you can bring to the table. It, thus, helps employers understand how much you are suitable for the position.

A good cover letter enhances your chance of getting hired. A survey suggests that 45% of employers reject candidates who have poorly formatted cover letters. So, here is a comprehensive guide to cover letter format for the job to maximize impact.

1. Contact Information

There are two ways to list contact information on a cover letter, depending upon the mode of delivery: digital or physical.

If you submit a cover letter digitally, just add your city/town and state. Also, add your phone number and email. Skip adding the company and hiring manager’s contact information. Below is a format to add contact information while delivering cover letters digitally.

• City, State
• Phone Number
• Email Address
• LinkedIn Profile (optional)

If you submit a cover letter physically, you must add the following elements on the top left corner of your cover letter.

• Complete Address
• City, State, Pin Code
• Contact Number
• Employer’s Name
• Company’s Name
• Company’s Address
• Company’s City, State, Pin Code

2. Salutation

Start writing your cover letter by addressing your hiring manager. Try to find the name of your employer through Linkedin, the company’s website, or the job description (JD). You can even contact the company and ask for the hiring manager’s name.

You can explain to them that you were applying for the job and would like to address the hiring manager’s name on it. The salutation’s format should not include Mr, Mrs, or Ms. due to ambiguity. Thus, it is advisable just to add the first and last names. For example, in “Dear Kiara Kaul”

If you can’t find the name of your hiring manager, just add, “Dear Hiring Manager”

3. Introductory Paragraph

The first paragraph should mention why you are writing to the hiring manager. You can start by adding, “I am writing this letter to…” or “This letter is about…” Add about the specific job role you are applying for and where you learned about it.

Add more information on networking activities, such as attending corporate presentations and speaking with alumni or representatives of the company. Also, focus on your value addition and how it can benefit the company’s performance. 

4. Body Paragraph(s)

This section can be altered as per the job role and company culture. Write about the skills listed in the JD to explain why you are an appropriate candidate for the job.  If you are looking forward to changing your career, focus on relevant transferable skills.

5. Closing Paragraph

End the cover letter on a positive note. Thank the hiring manager and show your gratitude towards him. Conclude with writing about your passion for the job role explicitly and your unflinching desire to work for that company.  For instance, “This opportunity is directly aligned with my passion for <name of the job role>” and “<Company’s>” strategy in this industry is the pioneer of advancement.”

6. Complimentary Closing

Add a closing salutation that’s formal yet friendly. Remember to add your full name afte r complimentary closing. For example, “Regards, Monika Kaul”. You can add some other  closings, such as:

• Best Regards
• Respectfully
• Thanking You
• Thank You for Your Consideration

7. Optional Element

Adding a signature is an optional element. It is widely used in cover letter format for visas or cover letter format for Schengen visas. You just add your signature after the closing line such as “Thanking you” or “Sincerely”.

Tips for Writing a Compelling Cover Letter

A survey in 2023 reveals that 41% of employers and recruiters hired candidates just on the basis of their cover letter.  Below are the essential tips that you can use to write an effective cover letter. Grabbing your next job won’t be a Herculean task now!

1. Research the company and job

Research thoroughly the company’s background, vision, and mission. Go through the specific requirements of the job role. It will display your enthusiasm towards it. You can find the company’s details on its official website. Make sure to understand the company’s culture and area of business to shine through.

2. Use keywords

Add keywords from the job description (JD) to your cover letter. Beware of using every word from the Job description. Rather, look for your skills and experience that fit the job criteria. Then, check for the relevant keywords from the JD and curate the cover letter to describe yourself.

3. Keep it concise and focused

A good cover letter should be one page. It must be error-free and free from typos. Moreover, it should have a crisp yet detailed description. Ensure that it is neat and has easy-to-understand language. If your cover letter has spelling mistakes, your CV will likely be rejected, irrespective of your skills and experience.

4. Tailor it to each application

Don’t use a generic cover letter for every job. Curate it according to the given job role. Write about your future career goals and how the company can positively impact those goals. Ensure that the letter is tailored according to the job description and vision.

5. Proofread carefully

Ensure that you revise your cover letter after writing. Proofreading would make the cover letter error-free, with no room for grammatical and spelling mistakes. You can use tools like Quillbot or Grammarly to ensure error-free cover letters.

6. Get feedback

Lastly, ensure that you ask a friend or mentor to review your cover letter. Their suggestions will help you make it succinct and better than before.

Cover Letter Format for Email Applications

Adding a cover email is a modern alternative to traditional cover letters. It is generally a precise and positive message attached to the CV. Cover email should also include several standard information just as a cover letter. So, don’t forget to add key elements to your letter. Here is the email cover letter format for freshers’ and experienced job seekers. Don’t hesitate to

• Mention the job position that you are applying for in the subject line
• Add the hiring manager’s name in the salutation. If you don’t know that name, just address with “Dear Hiring Manager”
• Initiate the cover letter by stating what you are looking forward to achieving in the organization.
• Write about your skills, strengths, and experience that would help you acquire that job opportunity
• Use shorter and crisp sentences that are easy to read
• Avoid repeating information in your cover email that you have already added to your resume
• Ensure that you recheck the cover letter
• Add your signature and valid contact information
• Use cover letter format pdfwith the   cover letter format download button to create a file in place of MS Word doc or some other format

Tips for Creating Compelling Subject Lines and Email Body

Here are our pro tips on creating a cover email that will amplify its significance greatly:

• Mention the reference link or job source
• Use a professional and direct tone as you start writing your cover email. For example, “I’m writing in response to the job advertisement for the position of…”
• Please attach your resumé with the cover letter. A resume generally contains more information about your educational background and qualifications.
• Conclude the email by writing formal phrases. For instance, “looking forward to hearing from you soon” or “Hoping for a favorable response”
• Add a salutation at the end of the email, such as “Best regards” or “Best wishes”.

Core Functionality of your Job Search – A Compelling Cover Letter

A cover letter can make or break the deal during a job hunt. Therefore, it is important to get it right the first time. It is a golden opportunity to showcase your capability. By following the standard cover letter format, you can prepare that perfect cover letter for your job application. We are pretty sure that now you have got an idea of using a cover letter format for internships or jobs. Our tips and advice would help you to demonstrate your experiences effectively.

Gather all the information regarding your experience and achievements for the cover letter. Stay positive and highlight your commitment to the job role, using crisp and precise sentences. Also, follow our email cover format and tips and steps toward grabbing your dream job. Use free tools and resources like Grammarly cover letter generator and cover letter format Word by Microsoft to upscale your job application.

For a more personalized experience, don’t feel hesitant to reach out to professionals. They can provide you with genuine feedback and guidance to help you stand out in the job application process. Remember, a strong cover letter will indeed bring your resume to life and help you achieve your dream job.

Top 10 Best Subject for Sending Resume in India

How to write an Amazing Email to send Resume to HR?

How to write an application for Teaching Job in India

Frequently Asked Questions:

Should i always include a cover letter with my resume.

Yes, you should always include a cover letter along with your resume. Most employers want you to attach a cover letter because cover letters describe your expertise precisely. Note that the recruiters may not go through every cover letter they receive. But, they read those with good cover letter format and strong content overall.

What should I do if I don’t know the hiring manager’s name?

If you don’t know the hiring manager’s name, use polite and proper greetings. For example, “Dear Hiring Manager.” These are generic  yet appropriate because it demonstrates that you are addressing to the hiring perosn or the entire cohort. These are unlike vague salutations like “To Whom It May Concern” or “Hey/Hii” that are too unprofessional and can affect your candidature overall.

How formal should my cover letter be?

The cover letter should be formal and gracious. It must be concise and well-written. It should be tailored about the job you are applying for. Use a formal tone to thank your employer for his time and consideration. Do not ramble, and try to end with a proper call to action. Overall, the letter should be formal from tip to toe for excellent representation.

What if I’m applying for multiple jobs at the same company?

If you are applying for multiple positions at the same company, consider some of the pointers like curating each cover letter in line with the job description. Moreover, ensure that the keywords match the requirements of job description. Also, mention your genuine interest while applying for a certain position because hiring managers can easily notice if a candidate is sincerely interested in it.

Can I use a cover letter template?

If your cover letter is poorly-formatted, has a wrong tone, badly structured and doesn’t match the style of a proper cover letter, it may affect your candidature. To make sure that your cover letter is strong, use templates for cover letter sample for job application in Word format for better representation. The templates will equip you with correct information. Also, it will help you tailor the cover letter according to specific job applications.

No Resume Required

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Hey job seekers — hiring managers are onto your ChatGPT-written applications

• Job seekers using AI-generated applications face detection and potential rejection by employers.
• Companies note an uptick in AI-written job applications, complicating the hiring process.
• Experts suggest customizing AI assistance to stand out — using it as an editor instead of a writer.

If you're hoping to use ChatGPT to get a leg up on job applications, you might just be shooting yourself in the foot.

While companies have been leveraging AI to automatically weed out résumés, job seekers have begun responding with chatbot-generated applications to keep up — and employers are noticing.

Jakob Knutzen, cofounder and CEO of video collaboration platform Butter, said he received around 450 applicants for a product designer position. But Knutzen told Business Insider he was able to detect what he believed was ample usage of ChatGPT-written responses to the form's three questions.

"The formulations were incredibly similar and used a bunch of phrases that I would never imagine people using," he said.

When Knutzen took his concerns to a LinkedIn post , other employers reported seeing a similar trend of a spike in AI-written job applications.

Christina Hallman, who is head of demand generation for cybersecurity risk management company Outpost24, recently said she received over 250 applications for two open positions.

She told Insider she estimated that 45% of the optional cover letters were AI-generated.

"I went over to ChatGPT and I put in our live job posting, and I said give me a cover letter," Hallman told Insider. "And it spit out almost the identical template that I was receiving time and time again."

She said that it didn't necessarily eliminate the candidate from the running, but when it came down to choosing between an application that used a ChatGPT-generated cover letter and a similar one that didn't, the latter would be hired.

"It just ended being like, well, it's not helping you," she said. "It's better to have just not attached anything."

Related stories

Hallman, who said she has a decade of hiring experience, said that she's seen a noticeable increase in the use of AI in applicants over the past one to two years.

And it's likely going to keep climbing as ChatGPT and other AI tools become more accessible — and popular.

A 2023 study conducted by iCIMS found that 47% of college seniors were interested in using ChatGPT or other AI bots to write their résumé and cover letters, while 25% of Gen Z who were surveyed said they already have.

Some recruiters have considered creating "AI-proof" questions, such as requiring an introductory Loom video. Others have even set chatbot traps by sneaking hidden instructions for LLMs that show up in the applicant's response.

Although Knutzen said his company did contemplate using videos or other questions that could cut down on the likelihood of AI-generated responses, they decided against it due to concerns that the "barrier for entry would be too high."

However, some comments under Knutzen's post said that job seekers were simply leveling the playing field with recruiters — especially with an increasingly tough job market .

One person wrote, "When companies use automated systems to decide who is worthy of an interview, what do they expect applicants to do?"

Over 97% of Fortune 500 companies use automated hiring systems , according to a 2023 study conducted by Jobscan.

"I think it's more of a frustration with the application process overall," Knutzen said. "I don't think that companies are respecting the process for applicants."

Knutzen, who said his company does not use ATSs, points out that many companies tend to ghost candidates or send an automated rejection, which can discourage job seekers.

"If you don't get a lot of feedback on the applications that you send, then you begin thinking that they don't matter," he said. "If the company doesn't think it's important, why should I?"

However, Knutzen stresses that the issue isn't necessarily the use of AI but rather using it "as a writer and not an editor."

Hallman said she "fully expects" people to use AI in their jobs and applications to save time, but she warns candidates against relying on it blindly.

"It's not the use of AI that's the problem, it's the lack of customization that is coupled with it," Hallman said. "If you're going to use AI, I think you need to use it really intentionally."

She said that applicants using the same chatbot-written responses become lost among their identical competitors.

"You need to have that human checkpoint," Hallman said. "Or it will just be a sea of everyone spitting out the same thing."

Watch: Volkswagen is using AI to speed up and scale marketing, while also integrating ChatGPT into its vehicles, says CMO Susanne Franz

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Chaos and Confusion: Tech Outage Causes Disruptions Worldwide

Airlines, hospitals and people’s computers were affected after CrowdStrike, a cybersecurity company, sent out a flawed software update.

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By Adam Satariano Paul Mozur Kate Conger and Sheera Frenkel

• July 19, 2024

Airlines grounded flights. Operators of 911 lines could not respond to emergencies. Hospitals canceled surgeries. Retailers closed for the day. And the actions all traced back to a batch of bad computer code.

A flawed software update sent out by a little-known cybersecurity company caused chaos and disruption around the world on Friday. The company, CrowdStrike , based in Austin, Texas, makes software used by multinational corporations, government agencies and scores of other organizations to protect against hackers and online intruders.

But when CrowdStrike sent its update on Thursday to its customers that run Microsoft Windows software, computers began to crash.

The fallout, which was immediate and inescapable, highlighted the brittleness of global technology infrastructure. The world has become reliant on Microsoft and a handful of cybersecurity firms like CrowdStrike. So when a single flawed piece of software is released over the internet, it can almost instantly damage countless companies and organizations that depend on the technology as part of everyday business.

“This is a very, very uncomfortable illustration of the fragility of the world’s core internet infrastructure,” said Ciaran Martin, the former chief executive of Britain’s National Cyber Security Center and a professor at the Blavatnik School of Government at Oxford University.

A cyberattack did not cause the widespread outage, but the effects on Friday showed how devastating the damage can be when a main artery of the global technology system is disrupted. It raised broader questions about CrowdStrike’s testing processes and what repercussions such software firms should face when flaws in their code cause major disruptions.

How a Software Update Crashed Computers Around the World

Here’s a visual explanation for how a faulty software update crippled machines.

How the airline cancellations rippled around the world (and across time zones)

Share of canceled flights at 25 airports on Friday

50% of flights

Ai r po r t

Bengalu r u K empeg o wda

Dhaka Shahjalal

Minneapolis-Saint P aul

Stuttga r t

Melbou r ne

Be r lin B r anden b urg

London City

Amsterdam Schiphol

Chicago O'Hare

Raleigh−Durham

B r adl e y

Cha r lotte

Reagan National

Philadelphia

1:20 a.m. ET

CrowdStrike’s stock price so far this year

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