how to do research projects in starfield

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All interactive maps and locations, how to complete starfield research projects with console commands.

Completing research projects can be quite the time investment, requiring you to craft and gather various materials in order to unlock new outpost buildings, recipes, and mods. If you’re on PC and looking for a shortcut, you may be considering spawning in the relevant materials using Starfield console commands - but there’s an even faster way to achieve the same result using the Research Project console commands below.

Complete Research Projects Starfield Cheat

The console command to instantly complete* a Starfield Research Project is:

In order for this cheat to work, you’ll need to enter the specific Research ID for the research project you wish to autocomplete (without brackets).

We've put together a table below with all the Research Project IDs we can find, but if we're missing one you need, you can find it yourself using the command console.

How to Find Starfield Research Project ID

To find a Research Project ID, you'll need to search for one word from the relevant project, in the following format:

So for example, help spacesuit 4 RSPJ would show you the codes for each spacesuit mod.

All Starfield Research Project IDS

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In this guide.

Starfield crafting and research guide: how to unlock and make new items

Advance the field of science so that you can make your guns shoot better.

The research lab

Research categories, how to research, research skills.

• Crafting guide

Crafting and research are key to your adventure in Starfield , and though they can be a little overwhelming, once you understand how it all works they're pretty simple systems. By doing research to unlock new items and mods, and then crafting them using resources collected out in space, you can gain a real edge over all the Spacers and other dangers in the game. 

To get started doing research in Starfield, the first step is to find a research lab. You'll find one of these little computer consoles in the spaceship you start with, but I find the best place to go is the Lodge in New Atlantis . You can fast travel there with ease, and there's a lovely setup for all your research and crafting needs in the basement. 

Alternatively, you might want to build yourself a little den of science at one of your outposts—check out our Starfield outpost guide for more info on that. 

Pharmacology

Learn how to make new drugs and medical supplies. Very useful if you love stacking buffs on yourself.

Food and Drink

Learn how to make meals that can restore health and provide other buffs. I've found this one the least useful, as there are usually better aid items to be found in Pharmacology—but then I do have Alien DNA which makes food less effective for me, so maybe it's just me…

Outpost Development

Learn how to make new buildings that can be placed at your outposts. Very useful if you intend to go big on building bases. Pick projects carefully depending on the kind of building you like to do—for example, some buildings are purely cosmetic, while others have specific useful functions.

Learn how to make new upgrade mods for your helmet, spacesuit, and boost pack. These are handy for increasing things like your oxygen and boost pack capabilities, but you'll find Weaponry has a bigger impact on what you can get away with in combat.

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Learn how to make new upgrade mods for your guns. Easily the most important one, I've found—you'll find yourself in gunfights all the time, and mods will enable you not only to make your weapons more powerful, but also tweak them to your preferred playstyle with things like scopes and silencers.

Click through to one of these categories, and you'll discover a list of projects ready to be researched. Each covers multiple new items—Barrel Mods I under Weaponry, for example, unlocks new barrel mod options for all the different guns in the game. 

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To research a project within a category, you just need to click on it and feed the relevant resources into it from your inventory. Helmet Mods 1, for example, requires three Tungsten, two Cosmetic, and three Polymer. Pay the cost, and the project is complete—you don't have to wait for it to finish or anything like that.

Sometimes you won't even have to pay the full cost. When you complete a particular resource requirement, there's a chance of receiving an "overflow" bonus, which automatically fills out some of the other resource requirements of the project for free. Using that Helmet Mods 1 example, if you handed over the three Tungsten, and got an overflow, it might give you the two Cosmetic for free. This means that even if you don't have all the resources you need to complete a project, as long as you have enough for one or two steps, it may be worth feeding them in anyway for a chance at not actually needing the bits you're missing after all. 

Past the initial set, most research projects are gated by your Starfield skills . Unfortunately, unlocking them isn't as easy as just dumping points in one science-based skill—each category of research demands a different category of skill, and progressing in them all can mean investing a lot of points, especially as you need to rank them up further to do more demanding projects.

The skills relevant to research are the following:

Chemistry (Science)

Determines what Pharmacology projects you can complete. It may take you a while to get this one—it requires eight points invested in Science skills before you can even start putting points in Chemistry. 

Gastronomy (Social)

Determines what Food & Drink projects you can complete. This is an easy one to get—it's available without any other investment in Social skills, and many backgrounds start with it already picked. It's annoying, however, that it isn't in the Science tree, because it means that points invested here aren't getting you any closer to other relevant research and crafting skills.

Outpost Engineering (Science)

Determines what Outpost Development projects you can complete. Like Chemistry, this one requires eight points in Science, so if building bases is your main focus in Starfield, my advice is to invest early and often in this skill category. 

Spacesuit Design (Science)

Determines what Equipment projects you can complete. Only four points in Science skills are needed to get to this one, so it's a good one to grab early on.

Weapon Engineering (Science)

Determines what Weaponry projects you can complete. Like Spacesuit Design, it's only four points deep in the Science tree—for the impact it'll have on combat, that makes it well worth taking. 

Research Methods (Science)

While this skill doesn't gate any of your research projects, it's still worth considering because it makes them cheaper. If you're struggling with finding enough resources for your projects, it's a good pick, but only if you're happy to rank it up to max ASAP—the early bonuses are quite small, but by rank four you're spending 60% less resources and getting overflow bonuses twice as often. 

The only other thing to note with these skills is that levelling up in Starfield isn't as simple as just assigning points—once you have your first rank in a skill, you have to complete a challenge to unlock the ability to advance to the next rank. In the case of these skills, however, that usually just means crafting a certain amount of items, so as long as you're actually making the stuff your research is unlocking, you should be able to keep up. Speaking of crafting…

Starfield crafting guide

Once you've researched some projects, it's time to turn theory into action and actually craft some of the goodies you've unlocked. Again, the perfect place to do this is the Lodge, because it has all the crafting stations ready for you in one room in the basement, and you can just fast travel there whenever you like. Some ships do have crafting stations—the starting ship has a Galley where you can make food, for example—but I'm yet to find one with the complete suite, and though you can build crafting stations at your outpost for a more home-made feel, it can (ironically) take a while to unlock them all and gather the resources needed to make them.

Speaking of outposts—though outpost buildings are made using resources, they're not actually crafted at a crafting station. You just plonk them down in build mode when you're managing your outpost. 

The crafting stations at your disposal include:

Cooking Station (or Galley)

Used to craft food and drink. One thing to be careful of at this station is that many meals use as their ingredients other items that can be eaten or drunk in their own right. An Alien Sandwich, for example, requires bread, but you can just eat bread on its own if you prefer, so make sure you're not cooking away anything you'd rather munch on raw. Or put on display at your outpost, I suppose.

Industrial Workbench

Used to turn raw resources like metals into more specific items such as wire and building frames, which can then be used for research projects, other crafting, or making outpost buildings. It can be a little confusing to know what you need from here—my advice is to only make stuff once you know exactly what you need, rather than filling your inventory with Adaptive Frames and then discovering you have no use for them.

Pharmaceutical Lab

Used to craft drugs and medical supplies, for keeping yourself in tip-top shape—or better than tip-top, if you indulge in performance-enhancers. 

Spacesuit Workbench

Used to craft and install mods for your spacesuit, helmet, and boost pack. Simply click on the relevant object, and you'll be taken to a list of different mod types that can be applied to it—from there, you can make and apply them.

Weapons Workbench

Used to craft and install mods for your guns. Just like spacesuit modding, all you need to do is click on a gun, pick a category for that gun (such as barrel, scope, or stock), and you'll be presented with the relevant options available for crafting. Keep in mind that different guns have different mod slots, and different mods that can be placed in those slots. Not every gun can have a laser sight, for example, and you can't change an Old Earth Hunting Rifle's stock.

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Starfield: How The Research Lab Works

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Astarion permanently left my party and i’m feeling conflicted, dead rising deluxe remaster has changed cliff's backstory, quick links, what does the research lab do, how to use the research lab, research progress overflow explained, how to improve research lab efficiency, unique research projects, where to find research labs.

The worlds of Starfield are extremely dangerous, and you’ll need to keep on top of your research at the Research Lab so you can upgrade your equipment and spacesuit. You never know when you might encounter the ruthless Crimson Fleet or hazardous planet surface conditions or, dare we say, have a run-in with a bloodthirsty Terrormorph.

Related: Starfield: How To Find Structural Materials

That’s why you should collect every resource and material you can find on your space-faring adventures so that you can fully utilize the Research Lab and learn new crafting schematics from outpost structures to weapon mods and everything in between.

Before you can craft an item, whether it be optics and lasers for your weapons or cooking up a meatloaf at a Cooking Station, you’ll need to unlock how to craft it in the Research Lab.

The Research Lab features five research categories:

• Pharmacology
• Food And Drink
• Outpost Development

Each category has a series of research projects. The available research projects are displayed on each Research Lab's main menu.

You must level up your skills to carry out higher-level projects. At the start of the game, you can research all level-one projects (as long as you have the resources available).

To complete a research project, you are required to deposit resources and materials into the Research Lab . Each item that is deposited will be consumed .

For example, if you wanted to learn how to cook Meatloaf, you would need to complete the Old Earth Cuisine level one project, requiring that you deposit the following items into the Research Lab:

Once you complete a project, you’ll then be able to craft each item at their corresponding crafting stations, in this case, the Meatloaf at the Cooking Station.

Advanced research projects will require more materials and deposits to unlock.

When you deposit resources into a project, you may make a “Sudden Development” in research , rewarding you with other bonus materials . Research Overflow can even complete a research project if you’re lucky.

Due to Research Overflow, It’s a good idea to deposit materials you carry a lot of since you could potentially use them to fill in materials you don’t have for the project.

Starfield wouldn’t be a Bethesda RPG without an extensive skill tree. There are a plethora of skills and certifications to unlock to improve your character's abilities and skills, and the Research Lab is no exception.

The Research Methods skill is a Novice Science skill that reduces the cost of required resources and the number of resources required to complete a research project.

The Research Methods skill has four ranks that increase the potency of the skill’s effect with each rank, but you must complete each rank’s challenge before you can purchase it with a skill point.

Not all research projects are automatically displayed in the Research Lab. Some projects are locked behind specific skills .

The Special Projects skill found under the Master Science skill tree will allow you to research experimental projects and craft rare, exotic, and unique items .

The Gastronomy skill found under the Novice Social skills tree allows you to cook and research unique food and drink recipes .

You'll want to carefully consider which character background you choose for your character since this could give you access to unique research projects quicker than usual.

Research Labs can be found all over the galaxy! In fact, you’ll never be far from a Research Lab since you'll have one aboard your ship . Furthermore, you'll find countless Research Labs in major settlements like the bustling city of New Atlantis and facilities that you find on remote planets.

The Constellation Lodge is a fantastic place to make a preliminary base since your room features a safe with infinite storage. As Walter Stroud states, the Lodge has every type of crafting station you could possibly need, including a Research Lab.

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How Crafting and Research works in Starfield

Build skills.

If you’re going to head to the most distant reaches of Starfield’s universe to battle pirates, aliens, and goodness knows what else, you’re going to need some good tech. Then you’re going to want to modify that tech until it’s beautifully honed and looks good enough for NASA to hire you on the spot.

Starfield ’s extensive crafting and research systems are there to help you achieve that perfection. If you have the right Skills , access to a few crafting terminals, and a pile of resources, you’ll be able to improve your spacesuit, tune your weapons, build better outposts and even become a better cook.

How? Simply follow this guide to crafting and research in Starfield and become the craftiest astronaut this side of the milky way.

How crafting works in Starfield

How to unlock more crafting options in starfield.

To craft an item in Starfield you simply find the right Workbench, choose the item you want, and then pay the required resources to craft it.

There are five types of crafting workbench scattered across the universe. Luckily you won’t have to go hunting for them too hard, as you can find a room with all five - plus a Research Station - in a basement on New Atlantis.

To get there, head to New Atlantis and fast travel to the Lodge. Just before the doorway leading through to the library (the one with the cool spinning anti-grav rings), turn right, go through the doorway pictured above, and take the stairs down. There you will find the following…

• Spacesuit Workbench - Craft and apply mods to your spacesuits, helmets and packs.
• Weapon Workbench - Upgrade weapons by crafting and applying mods to barrel, laser, optic, muzzle, grip and stock, magazine and battery, internal, and skin slots.
• Cooking Station - Make food and drinks for your journey.
• Pharmaceutical Lab - Craft chems and aid items to fix Afflictions and give you buffs in the field.
• Industrial Workbench - Craft basic manufactured components for use in Outpost construction. To craft more advanced components you need to set up Resource Extractors at Outposts you have already built.

The crafting process is the same across all of these benches. When you highlight a crafting choice, a display on the right will list all of the components you need. If you have all of the components, you can craft the item right away.

If you don’t have all of the components, press the Track button to help you find them. Once components are tracked a blue magnifying glass icon will appear next to these materials in the field.

In the beginning you might not be able to craft anything particularly advanced. To open up Starfield’s crafting options you need to advance the right Skills to unlock new research projects and then complete those research projects at Research Labs . Once the new mods are researched, they will be available to craft at Workbenches.

You will find all of the Skills you need in the Science Skill Tree .

• Research Methods doesn’t unlock any new mods to research, but it does reduce the cost of research projects.
• Spacesuit Design lets you research more spacesuit, helmet and pack mods.
• Weapon Engineering unlocks new weapon mod research options.
• Chemistry unlocks new Chem research options.
• Outpost Engineering Lets you research new Outpost modules at the Research Lab.

Now it’s time to research those new crafting options ! You complete research projects at Research Lab terminals. Remember that some Aid items can help you to research more efficiently, so be sure to apply them to your character before you get started.

Once you have selected a research project you can contribute resources towards its completion bit by bit until all of the requirements are fulfilled. You can add resources to that project at any Research Lab you find, including the one on board your ship.

Every so often, Sudden Developments can occur. That may sound slightly alarming, but it’s a good thing. Sudden Developments reduce the amount of resources required for a project.

There are five Research categories to match the five types of Workbench you can find:

• Equipment lets you research new spacesuit, helmet and pack options.
• Weaponry includes new weapon mod research projects.
• Pharmacology covers new medical treatments and performance-enhancing chems.
• Food and Drink gives you more meal options.
• Outpost Development lets you research new Outpost modules.

Completing a research project can unlock further research options. Head to the Research Projects screen and look at the Research Tree to plan a route to the technology you really want.

That might sound like a lot of steps at first, but in practice it’s easy to do a quick lap of the terminals at the Lodge on New Atlantis, research a useful chem, craft a nice barrel for your space pistol, and then jet away to take on your next mission. We’re enjoying how many slots there are to tinker with on the game’s suits and weapons. What are your favourite mods?

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Starfield: How the Research Lab Works

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Crafting and upgrading items and equipment have been a staple of Bethesda games for years, and Starfield does not stray from this long tradition. In fact, these mechanics are so heavily engrained into Starfield 's gameplay loop, that a considerable amount of play time will likely be devoted to gathering the materials required to use them. Luckily for players, this is not a bad thing, as Starfield goes to great lengths to make the system incredibly enjoyable.

At the center of this system is the Research Lab, the first step on any path to crafting or upgrading in Starfield. Instead of simply having access to the many recipes available in the game, here the player must first research the specific area they are wanting to work in. Working in conjunction with the game's many skills, the Research Lab ensures that every project feels like it was earned.

Related: Starfield: How to Fast Travel

Where to Find Research Labs in Starfield

Research Labs are very common in the world of Starfield , and finding them will never pose a significant challenge, especially once the player knows what they are looking for. The first lab that appears in the game will be found in the basement of the Lodge, which is Constellation's home base. The player's first ship, the Frontier, will also feature a Research Lab in the crew cabin.

When players head out into the Settled Systems, they are likely to find Research Stations at many of the areas built up in any way. Civilian Outposts, Abandoned Factories, even enemy-heavy areas, will usually feature a Research Lab. The only limit on their use is during combat or conversation.

How to Use Research Labs in Starfield

Research Labs are the backbone of the crafting and upgrade system in Starfield, and they will be the first stop when players are looking to craft new items or mods. The Research Station is made up of the following five categories:

• Chems and health items
• Edible items that provide health and specific boosts
• Research upgrades for personal outposts
• Spacesuit, Pack, and Helemt Mods
• Weapon Mods

Each of the five categories will have a selection of projects that are available from the beginning of the game. For example, completing the Helmet Mods 1 project in the Equipment category will allow the player to craft all mods associated with that project at the Spacesuit Workbench.

Once a player has completed a Level 1 project, they will then start the process of accessing the next near, such as Helmet Mods 2. When players begin reaching the second tier and higher, Research Labs begin to work in conjunction with Starfield 's skill trees .

How Research and Skills Work Together in Starfield:

When the player tries to begin the Helmet Mods 2 research project, they will notice that a key requirement is the Spacesuit Design skill, from Starfield 's Science skill tree . This means that players will have to use a skill point, which are gained through experience points, to unlock that specific skill. Some higher tier projects will even require more than one skill.

This interaction between research and skill is found throughout the research project. Researching better food items will require the Gastronomy skill, and better health items will require the Chemistry skill. As a result, each new set of unlocks feels like it was truly earned, and forces the player to truly consider how each skill point should be spent.

Related: Starfield: Every Status Affliction (& How to Heal Them)

Materials and Sudden Development:

Each research project requires a certain 'recipe,' made up of various materials that the player will find in the world. Each material requirement will be clearly stated to the right of the corresponding project. When players begin to fill in these materials, there is the possibility of a 'Sudden Development' occurring. This mechanic randomly adds 'overflow' materials to the project, filling in some or all of a required material.

There are two chem items that players can use to influence both of these mechanics. Synapse Alpha lowers the material requirements of all research projects for 10 minutes. Neurajack does the same, but adds a 50% boost to the chances of a Sudden Development occurring during that same ten minutes.

Remember to store heavy materials in the Ship's cargo hold, as the Research Lab and crafting stations all draw from both personal inventory, and the cargo hold.

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Starfield research laboratory explained – categories, projects, and how to unblock

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The Starfield research laboratory is somewhere you’ll be coming back to again and again during your playthrough. It’s the place to go to get yourself the newest tech, so as you progress through the game, you’ll want to make sure you’re paying the odd visit to stay ahead of the curve and rocking the latest gear.

Before heading off to explore any nearby Starfield planets , you should grab a few of your best Starfield weapons to put your laboratory research to good use. We also have plenty of useful advice for the early hours of the game in our Starfield tips and tricks beginner’s guide.

What is the Starfield research laboratory?

The Starfield research laboratory is a station where you can research new recipes, technology, and mods for weapons, spacesuits/helmets/packs, aid items, food and drink, and outposts.  At a research laboratory, you’ll find research projects that you can begin and complete over time by providing the required resources and items.

Once a research project is complete, you’ll be able to install the researched mods at a weapon, spacesuit, or industrial workbench, cook the researched recipe at a cooking station, or craft the researched aid items at a pharmaceutical lab, depending, of course, on the type of research.

You can have a research laboratory on your ship or at your outposts, giving you easy access whenever you need to start or complete a project. Additionally, there’s a research laboratory in the basement of The Lodge in New Atlantis and you’ll find more scattered across the Settled Systems in cities, inside buildings on planets, in space stations, and so on.

What Starfield research projects are there?

There are five categories of research projects that you can undertake at a research laboratory :

Pharmacology

Food and drink, outpost development.

Pharmacology research projects let you develop new aid items to heal your character or provide temporary buffs to stamina, oxygen, defence, persuasion, XP, and so on. Here’s what you can research under pharmacology at a research station:

• Performance Enhancement 1
• Performance Enhancement 2
• Medical Treatment 1
• Medical Treatment 2

Food and Drink research projects unlock new food and drink recipes that grant various temporary and health effects. Here’s what you can research under food and drink at a research station:

• Old Earth Cuisine 1
• Old Earth Cuisine 2
• Old Earth Cuisine 3
• Beverage Development 1
• Beverage Development 2
• Beverage Development 3

Outpost Development research projects are used to unlock new items and equipment for your outposts, letting you expand and increase the number of things you can do there. Here’s what you can research under outpost development at a research station:

• Manufacturing 1
• Manufacturing 2
• Resource Extraction 1
• Resource Extraction 2
• Decoration 1
• Decoration 2
• Horticulture 1
• Domestication 1
• Power Generation 1
• Outpost Defense 1

Equipment research projects unlock new mods for spacesuits , helmets, and boost packs . Here’s what you can research under equipment at a research station:

• Helmet Mods 1
• Helmet Mods 2
• Helmet Mods 3
• Spacesuit Mods 1
• Spacesuit Mods 2
• Spacesuit Mods 3
• Pack Mods 1
• Pack Mods 2
• Pack Mods 3

Weaponry research projects involve developing new weapon mods and attachments. Here’s what you can research under weaponry at a research station:

• Barrel Mods 1
• Barrel Mods 2
• Grip and Stock Mods 1
• Grip and Stock Mods 2
• Grip and Stock Mods 3
• Optic and Laser Mods 1
• Optic and Laser Mods 2
• Optic and Laser Mods 3
• Muzzle Mods 1
• Muzzle Mods 2
• Magazine and Battery Mods 1
• Internal Mods 1
• Receiver Mods 1

How to unlock blocked research projects

Fire up a research laboratory and you’ll likely see a few projects marked as blocked. To unlock a blocked project, you need to have unlocked the required skill or ranked up the skill sufficiently. Hovering over the project shows you what skill is needed under ‘Required Skills.’ For example, if you want to unlock the Old Earth Cuisine 3 research project, you need to have the Gastronomy 2 skill at Rank 2 or above.

If you want to know more about Starfield outposts , we have a guide for that. For more help on your interstellar travels, check out the Jemison Mercantile location , our Sabotage , Absolute Power , and Delivering Devils walkthroughs, a list of Starfield Akila shops and locations and Neon shops and locations , the best Starfield reactor , and the best choice for the First Contact side quest.

About the Author

Alex raisbeck.

Alex is a Guides Writer for VideoGamer. He is an indie gaming obsessive with a soft spot for Zelda, roguelikes, and Football Manager, as well as an unhealthy relationship with his backlog.

• - 06 September 2023 ( PC , Xbox Series X , Xbox Series S )
• Platform(s): PC, Xbox Series S, Xbox Series S/X, Xbox Series X
• Genre(s): Adventure, RPG, Science Fiction, Space

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How to craft and research in Starfield

Written by 

Tarran Stockton

Published 

9th Sep 2023 16:56

It's vital for players to understand how the crafting and research process works in Starfield, as it unlocks lots of new possibilities for progression with weapon mods, gear upgrades, and more. 

As a role-playing game in a multitude of ways, you can expect all the typical ways to progress, ranging from levelling up and gaining the different skills in Starfield , to finding or crafting new gear to equip and improve your stats.

To maximise the usefulness of your gear with upgrades and mods, keep reading for a full breakdown of how crafting and research work in the Bethesda RPG. 

Crafting & research explained

Crafting and research are two sides of the same system in Starfield, with the former defining what you build, and the latter defining what you can build . 

In the game, you can craft weapon mods, space suit upgrades, medicine, food, and outpost structures. 

Some of these things can be crafted from the start of the game, but for other stuff, you will need to begin researching them at a Research Station to unlock the crafting recipes. There are five areas of research in Starfield:

• Food and Drink
• Outpost Development
• Pharmacology

For example, you can research the Helmet Mods One project in the Equipment category, which then unlocks new helmet mods that can be crafted at a Spacesuit Upgrade bench.

How to research

 To begin researching new projects, you will need to ensure you have the corresponding skill . Each category has a relevant skill that unlocks higher-tier projects. These are:

• Chemistry (Pharmacology)
• Astronomy (Food and Drink)
• Outpost Engineering (Outpost Development)
• Spacesuit Design (Equipment)
• Weapon Engineering (Weaponry)

To complete a research project, you will need to select it from a Research Station , and then input the listed ingredients . If all the ingredients are entered, the research project will then finish, and the new crafting recipes that you can use will then be available at the relevant station. 

How to craft in Starfield

Crafting in Starfield requires you to use the relevant station , so if you want to make a weapon mod, interact with a Weapon Workbench. 

Staying with the same example of a weapon, select the gun you want to modify and then choose a component such as the barrel. You can then pick a specific mod to install and see the required ingredients for the crafting recipe on the right side of the screen.

Crafting works essentially the same for everything else: Medicine or stims are made at a Pharmaceutical Lab, food is crafted at a Cooking Station, and spacesuit upgrades can be done at a Spacesuit Upgrade bench.

The only thing you can craft that doesn't require you to visit a specific station is outpost modules, as these are crafted when you enter the outpost menu when exploring a planet. 

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Now that you know how to craft and research, for more Starfield guides, stick with GGRecon. Alternatively, take a look at the best mods , how to pick up and throw items , earn credits fast , or how to recruit crew .

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What to research first in Starfield – Progression Guide

Very early on in  Starfield , you’ll board your first ship and can immediately start researching things. Whoa hold on now, don’t get too excited! Here’s what to start researching first.

What does researching do in  Starfield ?

Beyond the skill system and the confines of your equipment, you can research specific mechanics and unlock them for your playthrough. Much of it involves more options for crafting, including new food, medicine, and gear. You’ll kick this process off on your ship through the Research Laboratory . Researching requires materials, so you can’t just go willy-nilly and unlock everything immediately.

If you’re so inclined, you can pick up the “Research Methods” skill early on after leveling up , which reduces the resources required to craft items and complete research projects by 10%.

When can you start researching things in  Starfield ? After the tutorial

After completing the initial mining cave tutorial, you’ll wake up, fend off some pirates, meet Barrett, and board your first ship. Inside of that very ship is where the first Research Laboratory is located. Interact with it to bring up the research menu.

A visual representation of the laboratory can be found in the image directly above.

What to research first in Starfield

So there are several options right away to research:

• Pharmacology
• Food and Drink
• Outpost Development,

Provided that you have the materials, equipment, and weaponry are good first choices to dive into, especially at higher difficulties. Equipment advancements will allow you to craft helmet mods in the early game, while weaponry will let you build up weapon mods. Both research categories are fairly easy to find materials for early on, making them an enticing option.

Pharmacology and Food and Drink aren’t bad early shouts either, as performance enhancements and buffs are extremely useful and simple to craft. Just take Alien Boba Tea, which provides an XP boost when consumed ! It’s one of the first things you can research at the laboratory through the Food and Drink category, under “Beverage Development 1.”

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The guide on how the Research Lab on your ship works in Starfield. Includes list of crafting recipes, how to craft, required materials, and recommended skill for research.

Table of Contents

• Research Project List
• Benefits of Research
• How To Use Research Station?
• What Is Research Lab?

Research Projects List

Pharmacology

Food and Drink

Outpost Development

Why Do You Need Research?

Essential for creating & upgrading equipment.

To craft equipment and weapons, you need the recipe from research. Without it, even if you have the materials, you can't craft a weapon with specific features , such as an optical laser.

Weaponry Takes Priority Over Equipment

Researching Equipment allows for improving the helmet's oxygen or the pack's capability, while researching Weaponry unlocks weapon mods to gain more advantages in early-game combat .

How To Progress Research Projects?

Access research station on your ship or outposts.

During your journey, you will find several Research Stations. The first is located on your ship, the Frontier . Additionally, you can construct a Research Station when building an Outpost.

Select The Project You Want To Research

From the Research Projects of 5 categories, choose the one that allows you to craft the items you want or enhance crafting abilities.

Materials And Skills Are Required

The projects that have available materials are highlighted with a yellow banner on the left side, and the available materials flash. If you don't have enough materials, you can use Track Project to help you search for them . Additionally, some projects require certain Skills to unlock.

Sudden Development May Happen

Inputting the required amount of material may lead to a Sudden Development , which will distribute research progress overflow to other aspects of the project.

The "Research Methods" Skill Enhances Efficiency

With the "Research Methods" science skill, research efficiency greatly increases by reducing required items and time needed . As rank increases, efficiency improves further.

What Does Research Lab Do?

Unlocks recipes to craft items.

The Research Lab allows you to unlock new crafting recipes by completing research projects , which require specific materials to make progress.

Collect Materials By Extracting Or Manufacturing

The materials needed can range from raw minerals from planets and organic substances from creatures to manufactured components at Industrial Workbench.

5 Types Of Recipes Can Be Unlocked

There are five categories of research:

• Pharmacology:
• Craft healing items and enhances the potency.
• Food and Drink:
• Create edible items with boosting effects.
• Outpost Development:
• Construct development modules at outposts.
• Craft armor mods.
• Craft weapon mods.

It is important to prioritize the categories you want to research. While all categories are important, It is best to focus on one first .

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How to research new items and equipment at the Research Laboratory in Starfield

As you wander the galaxy in Starfield , you’ll find a wide variety of weapons, useful items, and equipment that make your journey more manageable. However, credits are perpetually in short supply. If you buy everything you need, you might never save up enough to pay for larger items that catch your eye. Fortunately, you can research items and equipment and then manufacture them yourself to save some expense. Here is our guide explaining how to research new items and equipment at the Research Laboratory in Starfield .

Starfield – how to research new items and equipment at the Research Laboratory

The Research Laboratory is a precious resource available to players right from the onset. You have a ‘Research Station’ available on the Frontier ship you receive near the start of the game. Once you own a home free and clear, you can also manufacture a laboratory. I love that option, because I set up the station and the various facilities that allowed me to get a convenient manufacturing center operating. To research items and equipment at the Research Laboratory, select the research category that interests you and invest the resources indicated to complete projects and level up your capabilities.

Screenshot by PC Invasion

There are five categories for research: Pharmacology , Food and Drink , Outpost Development , Equipment , and Weaponry . Suppose you are interested in researching in the Pharmacology category, which allows you to produce your own medical supplies. Initially, you will have a few research projects available. The simplest ones require common components. For instance, you can fully research the Performance Enhancement 1 project by supplying Argon x2 , Tetraflourides x2 , and Metabolic Agent x3 .

More advanced research leads to better items and equipment

Once you finish a research project, the next project in that line immediately becomes available. It has stricter requirements. Continuing with the above example, your next step would be to research the Performance Enhancement 2 project. Besides requiring more materials, this project requires that you unlock the Chemistry skill at Rank 1. The various categories require different skill proficiencies in order to develop them at a higher level. Expect to spend a lot of skill points in the Science portion of your skill tree. This branch can also help as you learn how to build outposts . You can construct research stations in them for convenient use.

On a final note, you may find it difficult to remember what all components you need to gather. While viewing a project, you can choose the ‘ Track Project ‘ option. Doing so causes an ‘ ! ‘ to appear when you encounter items in various menus, such as at the shop in New Atlantis . That should make your search easier. However, you’ll still need to spend a lot of time gathering resources on planets in order to craft the best new items and equipment.

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• Edit source

Research is a feature in Starfield that allows the player to spend resources to gain access to more advanced items via crafting. [1]

• 2 Restrictions & Interactions
• 3 Starting Research
• 4 Research Strategy
• 5 References

Overview [ ]

There are 5 Research trees in Starfield:

• Pharmacology
• Food and Drink
• Outpost Development

Each tree contains multiple Research Projects. Each Research Project may unlock multiple recipes. Multiple Projects can be researched simultaneously both within and between trees (i.e. you can research more than 1 Pharmacology project at once).

Once a Research Project is completed, you will gain its bonuses. Research Projects are known to grant crafting recipes. There is no current information regarding if they give other bonuses.

Restrictions & Interactions [ ]

Each Research Project can be gated by any or all of the following:

• Skills or Ranks (i.e. Gastronomy )
• Other Research Projects

Some Research Projects have no prerequisites: they are available at the start.

Starting Research [ ]

To research, the player has to visit a Research Lab.

Once you have access to Research Project and meet its prerequisites, an initial cost in base resources will be presented to launch the project. If the player has the resources and starts the project, said resources will then be deducted from the player's inventory and the project will be launched.

Research Strategy [ ]

Research is a major consumer of raw resources in Starfield. Overinvesting in Research could leave you with little to construct Outposts or craft items. Alternatively, neglecting research could potentially leave the player in a situation with underpowered gear and limited options to replace it or upgrade it. Looting or purchasing gear are viable alternatives, but carry with them the risk that the player may not get items they actually want to use.

Constructing mining bases could limit the time the player needs to collect raw resources to fund Research Projects, but this investment would directly compete with funding Research Projects.

As some Research Projects are gated by Skills, collecting the Skills needed to 'tech up' the player's crafting ability could be a priority by early-mid game for a Research-minded player.

References [ ]

• ↑ Bethesda Gamestudios via YouTube, Starfield Official Gameplay Reveal , uploaded 12 June 2022
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Starfield: 10 best research projects, ranked.

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Research is a key gameplay mechanic that allows you to make the most out of the resources you gather while exploring the expansive world of Starfield . In essence, Research is an improved version of the traditional crafting systems found in other Bethesda games like Skyrim or Fallout 4 . And just like in those games, you’ll need a crafting table before you can get anything done, which in the case of Starfield is known as a Research Station .

Related: Starfield: Research Explained

There are dozens of Research Projects you can complete in Starfield, most of which revolve around improving things like weapons, spacesuits, mods, outposts, and more. It’s important to think carefully before starting one of these Projects because many of them require a fair amount of resources. With that in mind, we’ve put together a handy list of the best Research Projects in Starfield to help you figure out how to best spend your hard-earned resources.

Robots are an integral part of any self-respecting sci-fi universe, and Starfield is no exception. Your very first companion is a friendly robot called Vasco and you'll encounter plenty of other bots during your travels, both friends and foes. In addition, you can build bots of your own and assign them to Outposts to help you with various tasks, or just to make your Outposts looker cooler. Most of the robots are primarily for decorative purposes, after all.

Robots is one of the cheapest projects to research as it only costs x3 Aluminum , x3 Beryllium , and x2 Zero Wire . As an added bonus, you don’t have to learn any specific skill in order to unlock the Research Project. Naturally, that will change if you want to unlock access to more types of robots. Starting with tier two, you’ll need the Outpost Engineering skill and rare components like Chlorosilanes , Austenitic Manifold, and Positron Batteries .

9 Pack Mods

Packs are often ignored in favor of other types of gear like spacesuits, helmets, and of course, weapons. However, you should strongly consider researching the Pack Mods project as soon as possible because there are some pretty good mods here. Notable examples include Emergency Aid, Hazard Protection, Extra Capacity, and Medic. Some of these mods are absolute game-changers.

Related: Starfield: 10 Best Mods, Ranked

Researching the Pack Mods project requires a hefty amount of resources. Namely, x10 Aluminum, x10 Beryllium, x8 Mag Pressure Tank , and x5 Monopropellant . In addition, you also need to unlock the first rank of Spacesuit Design. The next two ranks require rare resources like Zero-G Gimbal , Biosuppressant , and Tau Grade Rheostat . Unlocking the first rank of Special Projects is mandatory as well.

8 Medical Treatment

The world of Starfield is a dangerous place and it pays to always be prepared for any situation because you’re very likely to get hurt while exploring the game’s many worlds. In addition to standard healing items, it’s a good idea to carry around some antibiotics and bandages with you at all times. These items can be used to treat burns, infections, contusions, and other afflictions, and can be crafted by the player after researching the Medical Treatment project.

You only need x2 Aluminum, x2 Amino Acids , and x3 Antimicrobial in order to research the first tier of Medical Treatment. The project doesn’t require any specific skills to unlock, so you can start researching it pretty much immediately after gaining access to a Research Laboratory. If you want to unlock the following three tiers, however, you’ll need to spend some points into Chemistry.

7 Resource Extraction

While you don’t need any special equipment to mine and harvest most types of resources in Starfield, researching a project like Resource Extraction will still come in handy regardless. That’s because doing so will give you access to bigger and better extractors that will greatly increase the rate at which you gain resources. Whether you want to use those resources for research, Outposts, or to make tons of Credits is entirely up to you.

They say you need to spend money to make money and that’s certainly true when it comes to Resource Extraction. Researching the first tier of this project will set you back x30 Aluminum, x10 Chlorosilanes, x20 Copper , x10 Adaptive Frame , x5 Drilling Rig , and x8 Mag Pressure Tank. The second tier also requires a lot of resources, but once you’re done with that the project will be maxed out and you won’t need to worry about it anymore. In order to start researching Resource Extraction you’ll first need to spend at least one point into Outpost Engineering.

6 Performance Enhancement

Researching the Performance Enhancement project will grant you access to a variety of aid items like the Red Trench of the AMP. These are essentially the equivalent of Chems in Fallout 4 or potions in Skyrim. They provide temporary buffs that can help you in combat, and while their effects typically don’t last for more than 2–3 minutes, they can still make all the difference in the world when you’re in a tense situation.

Related: Starfield: 15 Best Weapons, Ranked

Performance Enhancement 1 is a pretty cheap project to research that requires x2 Argon , x3 Metabolic Agent , and x2 Tetrafluorides . You don’t need any special skills to unlock it, so it’s a good idea to go for it as soon as you gain access to a Research Laboratory, provided you manage to gather the required resources by then of course. The project has three additional tiers, but you’ll need to start dumping skill points into Chemistry in order to unlock them.

5 Power Generation

Outposts require a huge amount of power in order to function properly, and that goes double for intricate bases with tons of buildings. There are several structures in Starfield capable of providing this power, most of which can be unlocked by researching the Power Generation project. That’s because Power Generation grants access to things like advanced Wind Turbines, Solar Domes, and Reactors.

Unsurprisingly, it takes a hefty investment of resources to research even the first tier of this project. We’re talking x20 Copper, x30 Silver, x10 Cobalt, x10 Adaptive Frame, x8 Isocentered Magnet, and x10 Zero Wire. You’ll also need to spend at least one point into the Outpost Engineering skill. If you need even more juice, you’ll be happy to know that Power Generation has three more tiers. The bad news is that they require an even more significant investment of resources. Spending a couple more points into Outpost Engineering and one point into Special Projects skill is mandatory as well.

4 Magazine And Battery Mods

Researching Magazine and Battery Mods will allow you to craft mods that increase your ammo capacity and imbue rounds and beams with a variety of effects that will make them significantly deadlier. Among other things, this Research Project unlocks Large Magazines and Large Batteries. Meanwhile, things like Explosive Rounds, Armor-Piercing, and Slug Shots are indispensable to players who want to increase the DPS of their weapons.

The Magazine and Battery Mods Research Project has three tiers, and you can start the first one once you unlock Weapon Engineering Rank 2. The first tier only requires x8 Lead , x5 Titanium , and x5 Adhesive , which isn’t a ton of resources in the grand scheme of things, especially considering what you’re getting in return. You’ll need several rare resources to reach tier three, including Tau Grade Rheostat, Positron Battery, and Ytterbium . In addition, you’ll also need to unlock at least the first rank of the Special Projects skill.

3 Manufacturing

Outposts are a pretty divisive feature, with some players absolutely loving them and others feeling like they’re not much of an improvement over Fallout 4’s Settlements system. If you’re part of the first group and love base-building, you’ll definitely want to research Manufacturing asap. This project unlocks a variety of modules, fabricators, and other base-building components that can be used to spruce up your Outposts.

Manufacturing 1 doesn’t require any special skills to unlock, but you will need to spend a fair amount of resources to get things going. Namely, x3 Sealant , x3 Iron , x3 Adaptive Frame, and x2 Zero Wire. Past that, you’ll need to invest some points into Outpost Engineering in order to unlock Manufacturing 2 and Manufacturing 3. This is in addition to even more resources, some of which can be quite difficult to come by, such as Positron Batteries and Reactive Gauges .

2 Spacesuit Mods

Just as its name indicates, this Research Project unlocks various mods designed to improve your spacesuits. Most of these mods can be used to boost resistance to certain types of damage like ballistic, energy, or electromagnetic. There’s also one mod called Heavy Shielding that increases spacesuit resistance to all types of damage. Resistance aside, Spacesuit Mods come with other benefits, such as increased carrying capacity, increased melee damage, and more.

Related: Starfield: 15 Best Companions, Ranked

You can start researching Spacesuit Mods as soon as you unlock the first rank of the Spacesuit Design skill. Spacesuit Mods 1 only costs x5 Copper, x5 Cosmetic, and x8 Polytextile, but there are two more ranks you’ll need to research afterward in order to max it out. Some of the other resources you’ll need for that include Semimetal Wafer, Microsecond Regulator, and Positron Battery.

1 Internal Mods

Internal Mods are some of the most important weapon mods in Starfield. These mods improve the core capabilities of weapons, increasing their range, rate of fire, damage, and more. Researching Internal Mods will allow you to unlock High Powered and Amplifier, two of the best mods in the game. Other mods like High Velocity and Hair Trigger are not to be overlooked either.

There are three tiers to this Research Project, the first of which unlocks once you Reach Weapon Engineering Rank 2. You’ll need x8 Iridium, 10x Sealant, 10x Tungsten, and 5x Zero Wire to get the ball rolling by researching Internal Mods 1. That’s a hefty amount of resources, but again, these are some of the best weapon mods in the game. Once you manage to get your hands on rare resources like Europium and Ytterbium, you can gradually start working your way up to Internal Mods 3 in order to unlock the most powerful modifications.

Next: Starfield: All Backgrounds, Ranked

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Advice on Research Projects

Can anyone provide some help with the research projects? I’ve completed a couple of the level 1 projects, but haven’t had much luck finding materials for the rest. I’m not sure if this is a skill worth investing in yet and haven’t seen much discussion, so I’m curious to hear everyone’s thoughts/experiences!

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“I didn’t trust a f**kin thing”: 1 Starfield Mission is Rightly Being Hailed a Masterpiece Ahead of Shattered Space DLC Release 

Starfield's best quest is also its strangest and artsy, as fans discuss its various plus points.

• One Starfield quest has caught the attention of the community.
• Entangled is incredibly mindboggling, but also intriguing at the same time.
• Shattered Space should have more quests like this one.

Amongst all of the quests in Starfield, the Entangled quest has emerged as a standout experience, impressing many players with its uniqueness and underlying creepy vibes.

As anticipation builds for the upcoming Shattered Space DLC, players are reflecting on the unique elements of this mission. Some praise it as a great addition to the main questline, while others feel it has its flaws and overstayed its welcome.

The Entangled Mission in Starfield

The Entangled mission in the Starfield introduces a cool mechanic where players can switch between two parallel universes. This feature is central to the quest, as players need to navigate these alternate realities to solve puzzles and save a character named Rafael. 

Comment by u/KregGrey from discussion in Starfield

Many players on the Starfield subreddit have talked about how the mission’s design kept them on edge, and that they were rather surprised when they played it for the first time. The concept of jumping between universes to tackle challenges felt fresh and innovative, although it had already been done in other games before.

One user expressed their excitement about how the mission required constant vigilance and needing to pay extra attention to everything. They described feeling uneasy, constantly on alert with their gun drawn, unsure if the mission was a prank or part of a deeper, darker scheme.

This sense of paranoia and suspense was a significant part of what made the mission memorable for them. Unfortunately, the rest of the game doesn’t really have missions like these .

“There seems to be a missing endgame/purpose to…”: Starfield’s Biggest Timesink Mechanic Needs Finishing With the Shattered Space DLC

The reactions to this mission are not universally positive. Some players appreciated the concept but felt the execution could have been a lot better. They compared it to similar mechanics seen in other games like Titanfall 2 and Dishonored 2, which also used alternate timelines in a single mission to enhance gameplay, and both did it better, in more unique ways. 

While these comparisons show that the multiverse concept has a lot of potential, especially in Starfield, some players feel the game didn’t fully capitalize on it.

Mixed Reactions to the Entangled Mission

In the Reddit thread, there were critiques about how the mission could have been better integrated. Some felt that the idea was strong, but the execution didn’t live up to its potential. 

The mission’s pacing was a common point of contention, with some players feeling it definitely overstayed its welcome. A lot of players grew tired by the end of the mission, due to the puzzles and the map, which were rather annoying.

This opinion was shared by others who wished for more missions with such unique mechanics in the game, perhaps for each artifact, wanting greater variety and innovation in gameplay rather than the repetitiveness of going to a barren planet and finding a shrine just to complete the 15th gravity puzzle.

Starfield’s Shadow Update Could Point to Imminent Vehicles, or Even a Shadow Dropped Shattered Space Release

Titanfall 2 ‘s the Effect and Cause mission and Dishonored 2’ s A Crack in the Slab offer far more compelling and satisfying uses of similar mechanics.

These comparisons just show how Starfield ’s attempt at the multiverse concept, while intriguing at first, fell short of the heights achieved by these other games from several years ago.

As the Shattered Space DLC approaches, players are hopeful that it will build on the successes and address the shortcomings of previous content. 

How do you feel about the Entangled mission in the game? Let us know in the comments.

Bethesda Game Studios Starfield

Written by Suhaib Adeel

Suhaib is a Gaming Content Writer at FandomWire. He's extremely passionate about video games and movies, and loves working in the pop culture space. Some of his favorite games include Fallout: New Vegas, Disco Elysium, Yakuza: Like a Dragon, Persona 5, Final Fantasy XII, Dishonored, and Bloodborne.

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How to get all 2024 Pokémon Go World Championships Timed Research

You now have a chance to unlock several Timed Research and Special Research projects in Pokémon Go . These quests are available for a limited time and the 2024 World Championships Timed Research is available to everyone in-game, but getting it requires being out of the game.

How you unlock the 2024 Pokémon Go World Championships Timed Research differs from usual, and there are three for you to get. Usually, you have to log into the mobile game within a specific time frame to get it on your account, and then you can work through all the steps. For this one, you’ll need to ensure you have a Twitch account and watch a specific channel during a set time frame to get it. If you miss out, this Timed Research will disappear as an available reward.

Where to unlock all 2024 Pokémon Go World Championships Timed Research

Three Timed Research codes will be available throughout the event. For the first two, head over to the official Pokemon Go Twitch channel during the event, which begins at 2pm CT on Aug. 16, 17, and 18, alongside the Pokémon World Championships 2024 event.

The first Timed Research dropping on Aug. 16 honors itsAXN, the Pokémon Go Master’s Division world champion in 2023. This includes encountering a Sableye that knows Shadow Claw and Foul Play, an Elite Charged TM, and several other rewards.

The second Timed Research has to do with the Great League and appears on the second day, Aug. 17 . You’ll need to choose from three teams in the Timed Research to create a worthwhile Great League matchup. The Niantic team also hints at significant changes happening for the upcoming PvP season, which we can expect to see soon.

The final Timed Research you can get in Pokémon Go for this event is celebrating the co-streamers. You’ll encounter a World Championships 2024 Pikachu and add it to your collection and several other rewards. Unlike the other two Timed Research quests, this one is available throughout the event. You can find all the available co-streamers on the official page.

Again, the broadcast begins each day at 2pm CT . You’re required to watch the broadcast for a total of 30 minutes. After you’ve watched the stream for the appropriate amount of time, you’ll receive a code to redeem on the Pokémon Go Niantic Support page . To receive the Timed Research, you must log in with the correct Pokémon Go account.

These codes are valid until Aug. 26 at 11:59pm UTC . You have until then to receive this Timed Research in Pokémon Go .

How to Write a Research Proposal: (with Examples & Templates)

Table of Contents

Before conducting a study, a research proposal should be created that outlines researchers’ plans and methodology and is submitted to the concerned evaluating organization or person. Creating a research proposal is an important step to ensure that researchers are on track and are moving forward as intended. A research proposal can be defined as a detailed plan or blueprint for the proposed research that you intend to undertake. It provides readers with a snapshot of your project by describing what you will investigate, why it is needed, and how you will conduct the research.  

Your research proposal should aim to explain to the readers why your research is relevant and original, that you understand the context and current scenario in the field, have the appropriate resources to conduct the research, and that the research is feasible given the usual constraints.  

This article will describe in detail the purpose and typical structure of a research proposal , along with examples and templates to help you ace this step in your research journey.  

What is a Research Proposal ?  

A research proposal¹ ,²  can be defined as a formal report that describes your proposed research, its objectives, methodology, implications, and other important details. Research proposals are the framework of your research and are used to obtain approvals or grants to conduct the study from various committees or organizations. Consequently, research proposals should convince readers of your study’s credibility, accuracy, achievability, practicality, and reproducibility.   

With research proposals , researchers usually aim to persuade the readers, funding agencies, educational institutions, and supervisors to approve the proposal. To achieve this, the report should be well structured with the objectives written in clear, understandable language devoid of jargon. A well-organized research proposal conveys to the readers or evaluators that the writer has thought out the research plan meticulously and has the resources to ensure timely completion.  

Purpose of Research Proposals  

A research proposal is a sales pitch and therefore should be detailed enough to convince your readers, who could be supervisors, ethics committees, universities, etc., that what you’re proposing has merit and is feasible . Research proposals can help students discuss their dissertation with their faculty or fulfill course requirements and also help researchers obtain funding. A well-structured proposal instills confidence among readers about your ability to conduct and complete the study as proposed.  

Research proposals can be written for several reasons:³  

• To describe the importance of research in the specific topic  
• Address any potential challenges you may encounter  
• Showcase knowledge in the field and your ability to conduct a study  
• Apply for a role at a research institute  
• Convince a research supervisor or university that your research can satisfy the requirements of a degree program  
• Highlight the importance of your research to organizations that may sponsor your project  
• Identify implications of your project and how it can benefit the audience  

What Goes in a Research Proposal?    

Research proposals should aim to answer the three basic questions—what, why, and how.  

The What question should be answered by describing the specific subject being researched. It should typically include the objectives, the cohort details, and the location or setting.  

The Why question should be answered by describing the existing scenario of the subject, listing unanswered questions, identifying gaps in the existing research, and describing how your study can address these gaps, along with the implications and significance.  

The How question should be answered by describing the proposed research methodology, data analysis tools expected to be used, and other details to describe your proposed methodology.   

Research Proposal Example  

Here is a research proposal sample template (with examples) from the University of Rochester Medical Center. 4 The sections in all research proposals are essentially the same although different terminology and other specific sections may be used depending on the subject.  

Structure of a Research Proposal  

If you want to know how to make a research proposal impactful, include the following components:¹  

1. Introduction  

This section provides a background of the study, including the research topic, what is already known about it and the gaps, and the significance of the proposed research.  

2. Literature review  

This section contains descriptions of all the previous relevant studies pertaining to the research topic. Every study cited should be described in a few sentences, starting with the general studies to the more specific ones. This section builds on the understanding gained by readers in the Introduction section and supports it by citing relevant prior literature, indicating to readers that you have thoroughly researched your subject.  

3. Objectives  

Once the background and gaps in the research topic have been established, authors must now state the aims of the research clearly. Hypotheses should be mentioned here. This section further helps readers understand what your study’s specific goals are.  

4. Research design and methodology  

Here, authors should clearly describe the methods they intend to use to achieve their proposed objectives. Important components of this section include the population and sample size, data collection and analysis methods and duration, statistical analysis software, measures to avoid bias (randomization, blinding), etc.  

5. Ethical considerations  

This refers to the protection of participants’ rights, such as the right to privacy, right to confidentiality, etc. Researchers need to obtain informed consent and institutional review approval by the required authorities and mention this clearly for transparency.  

6. Budget/funding  

Researchers should prepare their budget and include all expected expenditures. An additional allowance for contingencies such as delays should also be factored in.  

7. Appendices  

This section typically includes information that supports the research proposal and may include informed consent forms, questionnaires, participant information, measurement tools, etc.  

8. Citations  

Important Tips for Writing a Research Proposal  

Writing a research proposal begins much before the actual task of writing. Planning the research proposal structure and content is an important stage, which if done efficiently, can help you seamlessly transition into the writing stage. 3,5  

The Planning Stage  

• Manage your time efficiently. Plan to have the draft version ready at least two weeks before your deadline and the final version at least two to three days before the deadline.
• What is the primary objective of your research?  
• Will your research address any existing gap?  
• What is the impact of your proposed research?  
• Do people outside your field find your research applicable in other areas?  
• If your research is unsuccessful, would there still be other useful research outcomes?  

  The Writing Stage  

• Create an outline with main section headings that are typically used.  
• Focus only on writing and getting your points across without worrying about the format of the research proposal , grammar, punctuation, etc. These can be fixed during the subsequent passes. Add details to each section heading you created in the beginning.   
• Ensure your sentences are concise and use plain language. A research proposal usually contains about 2,000 to 4,000 words or four to seven pages.  
• Don’t use too many technical terms and abbreviations assuming that the readers would know them. Define the abbreviations and technical terms.  
• Ensure that the entire content is readable. Avoid using long paragraphs because they affect the continuity in reading. Break them into shorter paragraphs and introduce some white space for readability.  
• Focus on only the major research issues and cite sources accordingly. Don’t include generic information or their sources in the literature review.  
• Proofread your final document to ensure there are no grammatical errors so readers can enjoy a seamless, uninterrupted read.  
• Use academic, scholarly language because it brings formality into a document.  
• Ensure that your title is created using the keywords in the document and is neither too long and specific nor too short and general.  
• Cite all sources appropriately to avoid plagiarism.  
• Make sure that you follow guidelines, if provided. This includes rules as simple as using a specific font or a hyphen or en dash between numerical ranges.  
• Ensure that you’ve answered all questions requested by the evaluating authority.  

Key Takeaways   

Here’s a summary of the main points about research proposals discussed in the previous sections:  

• A research proposal is a document that outlines the details of a proposed study and is created by researchers to submit to evaluators who could be research institutions, universities, faculty, etc.  
• Research proposals are usually about 2,000-4,000 words long, but this depends on the evaluating authority’s guidelines.  
• A good research proposal ensures that you’ve done your background research and assessed the feasibility of the research.  
• Research proposals have the following main sections—introduction, literature review, objectives, methodology, ethical considerations, and budget.  

Frequently Asked Questions  

Q1. How is a research proposal evaluated?  

A1. In general, most evaluators, including universities, broadly use the following criteria to evaluate research proposals . 6  

• Significance —Does the research address any important subject or issue, which may or may not be specific to the evaluator or university?  
• Content and design —Is the proposed methodology appropriate to answer the research question? Are the objectives clear and well aligned with the proposed methodology?  
• Sample size and selection —Is the target population or cohort size clearly mentioned? Is the sampling process used to select participants randomized, appropriate, and free of bias?  
• Timing —Are the proposed data collection dates mentioned clearly? Is the project feasible given the specified resources and timeline?  
• Data management and dissemination —Who will have access to the data? What is the plan for data analysis?  

Q2. What is the difference between the Introduction and Literature Review sections in a research proposal ?  

A2. The Introduction or Background section in a research proposal sets the context of the study by describing the current scenario of the subject and identifying the gaps and need for the research. A Literature Review, on the other hand, provides references to all prior relevant literature to help corroborate the gaps identified and the research need.  

Q3. How long should a research proposal be?  

A3. Research proposal lengths vary with the evaluating authority like universities or committees and also the subject. Here’s a table that lists the typical research proposal lengths for a few universities.  

Q4. What are the common mistakes to avoid in a research proposal ?  

A4. Here are a few common mistakes that you must avoid while writing a research proposal . 7  

• No clear objectives: Objectives should be clear, specific, and measurable for the easy understanding among readers.  
• Incomplete or unconvincing background research: Background research usually includes a review of the current scenario of the particular industry and also a review of the previous literature on the subject. This helps readers understand your reasons for undertaking this research because you identified gaps in the existing research.  
• Overlooking project feasibility: The project scope and estimates should be realistic considering the resources and time available.   
• Neglecting the impact and significance of the study: In a research proposal , readers and evaluators look for the implications or significance of your research and how it contributes to the existing research. This information should always be included.  
• Unstructured format of a research proposal : A well-structured document gives confidence to evaluators that you have read the guidelines carefully and are well organized in your approach, consequently affirming that you will be able to undertake the research as mentioned in your proposal.  
• Ineffective writing style: The language used should be formal and grammatically correct. If required, editors could be consulted, including AI-based tools such as Paperpal , to refine the research proposal structure and language.  

Thus, a research proposal is an essential document that can help you promote your research and secure funds and grants for conducting your research. Consequently, it should be well written in clear language and include all essential details to convince the evaluators of your ability to conduct the research as proposed.  

This article has described all the important components of a research proposal and has also provided tips to improve your writing style. We hope all these tips will help you write a well-structured research proposal to ensure receipt of grants or any other purpose.  

References  

• Sudheesh K, Duggappa DR, Nethra SS. How to write a research proposal? Indian J Anaesth. 2016;60(9):631-634. Accessed July 15, 2024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5037942/  
• Writing research proposals. Harvard College Office of Undergraduate Research and Fellowships. Harvard University. Accessed July 14, 2024. https://uraf.harvard.edu/apply-opportunities/app-components/essays/research-proposals  
• What is a research proposal? Plus how to write one. Indeed website. Accessed July 17, 2024. https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/research-proposal  
• Research proposal template. University of Rochester Medical Center. Accessed July 16, 2024. https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/MediaLibraries/URMCMedia/pediatrics/research/documents/Research-proposal-Template.pdf  
• Tips for successful proposal writing. Johns Hopkins University. Accessed July 17, 2024. https://research.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Tips-for-Successful-Proposal-Writing.pdf  
• Formal review of research proposals. Cornell University. Accessed July 18, 2024. https://irp.dpb.cornell.edu/surveys/survey-assessment-review-group/research-proposals  
• 7 Mistakes you must avoid in your research proposal. Aveksana (via LinkedIn). Accessed July 17, 2024. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/7-mistakes-you-must-avoid-your-research-proposal-aveksana-cmtwf/  

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Get accurate academic translations, rewriting support, grammar checks, vocabulary suggestions, and generative AI assistance that delivers human precision at machine speed. Try for free or upgrade to Paperpal Prime starting at US$19 a month to access premium features, including consistency, plagiarism, and 30+ submission readiness checks to help you succeed.  

Experience the future of academic writing – Sign up to Paperpal and start writing for free!  

Related Reads:

How to write a phd research proposal.

• What are the Benefits of Generative AI for Academic Writing?
• How to Avoid Plagiarism When Using Generative AI Tools
• What is Hedging in Academic Writing?  

How to Write Your Research Paper in APA Format

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The State of Simplygon in 2024

A closer look at the latest news from the industry standard in 3D content optimization.

Simplygon is the standard tool for automated 3D content optimization. It reduces artist costs, eliminates tedious work, and renders more content per frame. Simplygon has been used in over  600 AAA games  worldwide. Among the latest titles are Starfield , Diablo IV , and Microsoft Flight Simulator .

Today we'll cover some news from  Simplygon 10.3  and where it fits into game production. We are going to focus on Simplygon's Unity and Unreal Engine plugins, but it is not limited to those two. Simplygon is an SDK that can be integrated into game engines, DCC tools, or content pipelines.

Why Automated Asset Optimization?

Automated asset optimization automates tasks like generating level of detail (LOD) meshes, optimizing models for weaker target platforms, and creating hierarchical level of detail (HLOD) models for open-world games.

When considering automated asset optimization, it is common to focus solely on reducing manual labour done by artists. While this can save a lot of time, even more value can be gained by taking a step back and looking at the entire game pipeline.

Consider the following questions:

• What happens if we need to optimize our content even more just before shipping to achieve our target frame rate?
• Rather than pushing most of the optimization work towards the end of production, wouldn't it be better to do it continuously? This way, we would have a good idea of the memory and performance budgets all the time.
• What if the game is super-successful and we decide to move the game to more platforms?
• Wouldn't it be better to review the optimized content on the target platform, in-game, rather than spending cycles before it goes in?

The answer to all of these questions is that we want a stable content pipeline whereas much of the optimization is done in an automated fashion. This is the way to unlock Simplygon's true potential.

Simplygon in Unreal Engine 5

Simplygon comes with a mature plugin for Unreal Engine. Using it, you can automate building levels of detail, create cheap stand-in meshes, and build HLODs.

One of the focus areas of Simplygon 10.3 was adding a custom HLOD builder for world partition levels. At GDC 2024, we delved into more details on this topic.

If you are interested in trying this for your own game, read a step-by-step guide in Simplygon's blog post  How to Build HLOD Clusters for World Partition Levels with Simplygon .

Simplygon in Unity

The other focus area for Simplygon 10.3 was an overhauled Unity plugin. We’ve eliminated the need for USD as an intermediate format. This major rewrite has resolved numerous known issues, resulting in a more consistent and stable plugin. Let's have a look at how to use Simplygon's triangle reducer from within Unity.

It is not just the triangle count that can be the source of performance problems. There are many potential bottlenecks in Unity games, and Simplygon comes with automated tools to address them as well. For an overview of more tools that can be used, read  Optimizing Unity Games with Simplygon 10.3 .

Automated asset optimization is a huge topic, and there are many more areas left to explore.

If you are interested in how to integrate Simplygon into your game production,  contact us  and we will help you.

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Nasa funds research projects advancing stem career development.

Jessica Taveau

Nasa headquarters.

NASA has awarded $6 million to 20 teams from emerging research institutions across the United States supporting projects that offer career development opportunities for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) students.

This is the third round of seed funding awarded through the agency’s MOSAICS (Mentoring and Opportunities in STEM with Academic Institutions for Community Success) program, formerly the Science Mission Directorate Bridge Program. The program seeks to expand access to NASA research opportunities in the science and engineering disciplines, as well as to NASA’s workforce.

“The STEM workforce continues to grow, and today’s students, studying at a variety of higher-education institutions — community colleges, primarily undergraduate institutions, and minority-serving institutions — are the STEM workforce of tomorrow, who will work to solve some of our biggest challenges at home while answering some of our biggest questions about our universe,” said Padi Boyd, director of MOSAICS at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “Exposing today’s students to the incredibly inspiring and cutting-edge discoveries made through NASA’s space science people and resources ensures that these students get the training they need to persist in STEM careers, while fostering enduring collaborations between NASA researchers and faculty at a wide range of institutions.”

NASA’s Science Mission Directorate MOSAICS program funds research projects building relationships between college faculty and researchers at the agency while providing mentorship and training for students in STEM disciplines. The projects support teams at academic institutions that historically have not been part of the agency’s research enterprise — including Hispanic-serving institutions, historically Black colleges and universities, Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-serving institutions, and primarily undergraduate institutions.

The program previously awarded seed funding to 11 teams in February and 13 teams in April. This third cohort brings the total number of projects funded to 44 teams at 36 academic institutions in 21 U.S. states and territories, including Washington and Puerto Rico, in collaboration with seven NASA centers. A new opportunity to apply for seed funding is now open until March 28, 2025.

The following projects were selected as the third cohort to receive seed funding:

“Bridging Fundamental Ice Chemistry Studies and Ocean World Explorations” Principal investigator: Chris Arumainayagam, Wellesley College, Massachusetts NASA center: NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Southern California

“Planetary Analog Field Science Experiences for Undergraduates: Advancing Fundamental Research and Testing Field Instrument Operations” Principal investigator: Alice Baldridge, Saint Mary’s College of California NASA center: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

“Building an FSU-JPL Partnership to Advance Science Productivity Through Applications of Deep Learning” Principal investigator: Sambit Bhattacharya, Fayetteville State University, North Carolina NASA center: NASA JPL

“CSTAT: Establishing Center for Safe and Trustworthy Autonomous Technologies” Principal investigator: Moitrayee Chatterjee, New Jersey City University NASA center: NASA Goddard

“Development of Biomechanics Simulation Tool for Muscle Mechanics in Reduced Gravity to Enhance Astronaut Mission Readiness” Principal investigator: Ji Chen, University of the District of Columbia NASA center: NASA’s Johnson Space Center, Houston

“NASA Next Level” Principal investigator: Teresa Ciardi, Santa Clarita Community College District, California NASA center: NASA JPL

“Controlled Assembly of Amphiphilic Janus Particles in Polymer Matrix for Novel 3D Printing Applications in Space ” Principal investigator: Ubaldo Cordova-Figueroa, Recinto Universitario Mayaguez NASA center: NASA’s Glenn Research Center, Cleveland

“Development of a Non-Invasive Sweat Biosensor for Traumatic Brain Injury Compatible With In-Space Manufacturing to Monitor the Health of Astronauts” Principal investigator: Lisandro Cunci, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Pedras NASA center: NASA’s Ames Research Center, Silicon Valley, California

“Examining Climate Impacts of Cirrus Clouds Through Past, Present, and Future NASA Airborne Campaigns” Principal investigator: Minghui Diao, San Jose State University Research Foundation, California NASA center: NASA Ames

“CSUN-JPL Collaboration to Study Ocean Fronts Using Big Data and Open Science Structures in Coastal North America” Principal investigator: Mario Giraldo, California State University, Northridge NASA center: NASA JPL

“Accelerating Electric Propulsion Development for Planetary Science Missions With Optical Plasma Diagnostics” Principal investigator: Nathaniel Hicks, University of Alaska, Anchorage NASA center: NASA JPL

“Advancing Students Through Research Opportunities in Los Angeles (ASTRO-LA)” Principal investigator: Margaret Lazzarini, California State University, Los Angeles NASA center: NASA JPL

“Bridging Toward a More Inclusive Learning Environment Through Gamma-ray Burst Studies With Machine Learning and Citizen Science” Principal investigator: Amy Lien, University of Tampa, Florida NASA center: NASA Goddard

“Hampton University STEM Experience With NASA Langley Research Center: Polarimetry for Aerosol Characterization” Principal investigator: Robert Loughman, Hampton University, Virginia NASA center: NASA’s Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia

“Aerocapture Analysis and Development for Uranus and Neptune Planetary Missions” Principal investigator: Ping Lu, San Diego State University NASA center: NASA Langley

“Pathways from Undergraduate Research to the Habitable Worlds Observatory” Principal investigator: Ben Ovryn, New York Institute of Technology NASA center: NASA Goddard

“Point-Diffraction Interferometer for Digital Holography” Principal investigator: James Scire, New York Institute of Technology NASA center: NASA Goddard

“From Sunbeams to Career Dreams: Illuminating Pathways for NMSU Students in Solar-Terrestrial Physics in Partnership With NASA GSFC” Principal investigator: Juie Shetye, New Mexico State University NASA center: NASA Goddard

“CONNECT-SBG: Collaborative Nexus for Networking, Education, and Career Training in Surface Biology and Geology” Principal investigator: Gabriela Shirkey, Chapman University, California NASA center: NASA JPL

“Multiplexed Phytohormone and Nitrate Sensors for Real-Time Analysis of Plant Responses to Pathogenic Stress in Spaceflight-Like Conditions” Principal investigator: Shawana Tabassum, University of Texas, Tyler NASA center: NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, Florida

Learn more about the MOSAICS program at:

https://science.nasa.gov/researchers/smd-bridge-program

Alise Fisher Headquarters, Washington 202-358-2546 [email protected]

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Conflict of interest: Can we minimize its influence in the biomedical literature?

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Research output : Contribution to journal › Editorial › peer-review

Two articles in the Ethics Feature of the current issue highlight the growing concerns with the validity of the biomedical literature and recommended guidelines for clinical practice. Genuis 1 and Abramson and Starfield 2 discuss the influence of commercial funding on clinical practice guidelines. Genuis emphasizes the need to be wary of “standards of care” and for physicians to exercise independence in clinical practice. Abramson and Starfield present case studies that illustrate how pharmaceutical-sponsored research may affect biomedical publications, marketing, and ultimately medical practice. (Note: Although JABFP prefers to use the generic name of drugs, an exception to that policy has been made in the Abramson and Starfield article, because of its focus on the marketing of 2 name brands, rather than on the use or effectiveness of these medications.)

ASJC Scopus Subject Areas

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• 10.3122/jabfm.18.5.411
• https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.18.5.411

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• Link to publication in Scopus
• Link to the citations in Scopus
• Link to repository
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T1 - Conflict of interest

T2 - Can we minimize its influence in the biomedical literature?

AU - Neale, Anne Victoria

AU - Schwartz, Kendra L.

AU - Bowman, Marjorie A.

PY - 2005/9/1

Y1 - 2005/9/1

N2 - Two articles in the Ethics Feature of the current issue highlight the growing concerns with the validity of the biomedical literature and recommended guidelines for clinical practice. Genuis 1 and Abramson and Starfield 2 discuss the influence of commercial funding on clinical practice guidelines. Genuis emphasizes the need to be wary of “standards of care” and for physicians to exercise independence in clinical practice. Abramson and Starfield present case studies that illustrate how pharmaceutical-sponsored research may affect biomedical publications, marketing, and ultimately medical practice. (Note: Although JABFP prefers to use the generic name of drugs, an exception to that policy has been made in the Abramson and Starfield article, because of its focus on the marketing of 2 name brands, rather than on the use or effectiveness of these medications.)

AB - Two articles in the Ethics Feature of the current issue highlight the growing concerns with the validity of the biomedical literature and recommended guidelines for clinical practice. Genuis 1 and Abramson and Starfield 2 discuss the influence of commercial funding on clinical practice guidelines. Genuis emphasizes the need to be wary of “standards of care” and for physicians to exercise independence in clinical practice. Abramson and Starfield present case studies that illustrate how pharmaceutical-sponsored research may affect biomedical publications, marketing, and ultimately medical practice. (Note: Although JABFP prefers to use the generic name of drugs, an exception to that policy has been made in the Abramson and Starfield article, because of its focus on the marketing of 2 name brands, rather than on the use or effectiveness of these medications.)

KW - family medicine

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=27944469182&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=27944469182&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/comhth/335

UR - https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.18.5.411

U2 - 10.3122/jabfm.18.5.411

DO - 10.3122/jabfm.18.5.411

M3 - Editorial

C2 - 16148252

AN - SCOPUS:27944469182

SN - 0893-8652

JO - Journal of the American Board of Family Practice

JF - Journal of the American Board of Family Practice

Starfield Walkthrough & Guides Wiki

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Research Projects

List of All Pharmacology Research Projects

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Pharmacology Research Projects can be completed at a Research Lab in Starfield. Read on to learn the different Pharmacology Research Projects, how to complete and unlock them, the Resources and Skills needed to complete them, as well as what each project unlocks.

List of Contents

All Pharmacology Research Projects

Medical treatment, performance enhancement, innovative synthesis.

• How to Complete
• How to Unlock

What Are Pharmacology Research Projects?

• Related Guides

How to Complete Pharmacology Research Projects

Complete at a research lab.

You can research Pharmacology Research Projects at a Research Lab. These can be found in your ship, outposts, and major settlements in the game like New Atlantis .

Once you're at the Research Lab, you can do the following.

• Access the Research Lab terminal and select the " Pharmacology " category.
• Next, choose a research project that you want to work on. Each project will have a list of requirements, such as the types of resources you need and the skills needed to complete it.
• Gather the resources and unlock the skills needed to complete the project, then go back to the Research lab to complete it.
• You can contribute resources to the project at any time, and you can also speed up the research by assigning crew members to the Research Lab. Once the project is complete, you will be able to craft new health items at a Pharmaceutial Lab.

How to Unlock Pharmacology Research Projects

Complete more research projects.

There are three Pharmacology Research Project trees in the game. The first tier of each tree is already unlocked the first time you access the Research Lab terminal.

You need to complete the pre-requisite Research Projects in a tree in order to unlock all succeeding Research Projects in that tree.

Unlock Aid Item Recipes

Research projects in the Pharmacology category unlock crafting recipes of aid items that provide healing and stat bonuses when consumed.

List of All Food and Aid

Starfield Related Guides

• List of All Research Projects

All Research Project Types

The numbers are off. My guess is the data was taken from the game after some perks were added to "Research Methods". Still a good resource but far from perfect.

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How to cite ChatGPT

Use discount code STYLEBLOG15 for 15% off APA Style print products with free shipping in the United States.

We, the APA Style team, are not robots. We can all pass a CAPTCHA test , and we know our roles in a Turing test . And, like so many nonrobot human beings this year, we’ve spent a fair amount of time reading, learning, and thinking about issues related to large language models, artificial intelligence (AI), AI-generated text, and specifically ChatGPT . We’ve also been gathering opinions and feedback about the use and citation of ChatGPT. Thank you to everyone who has contributed and shared ideas, opinions, research, and feedback.

In this post, I discuss situations where students and researchers use ChatGPT to create text and to facilitate their research, not to write the full text of their paper or manuscript. We know instructors have differing opinions about how or even whether students should use ChatGPT, and we’ll be continuing to collect feedback about instructor and student questions. As always, defer to instructor guidelines when writing student papers. For more about guidelines and policies about student and author use of ChatGPT, see the last section of this post.

Quoting or reproducing the text created by ChatGPT in your paper

If you’ve used ChatGPT or other AI tools in your research, describe how you used the tool in your Method section or in a comparable section of your paper. For literature reviews or other types of essays or response or reaction papers, you might describe how you used the tool in your introduction. In your text, provide the prompt you used and then any portion of the relevant text that was generated in response.

Unfortunately, the results of a ChatGPT “chat” are not retrievable by other readers, and although nonretrievable data or quotations in APA Style papers are usually cited as personal communications , with ChatGPT-generated text there is no person communicating. Quoting ChatGPT’s text from a chat session is therefore more like sharing an algorithm’s output; thus, credit the author of the algorithm with a reference list entry and the corresponding in-text citation.

When prompted with “Is the left brain right brain divide real or a metaphor?” the ChatGPT-generated text indicated that although the two brain hemispheres are somewhat specialized, “the notation that people can be characterized as ‘left-brained’ or ‘right-brained’ is considered to be an oversimplification and a popular myth” (OpenAI, 2023).

OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat

You may also put the full text of long responses from ChatGPT in an appendix of your paper or in online supplemental materials, so readers have access to the exact text that was generated. It is particularly important to document the exact text created because ChatGPT will generate a unique response in each chat session, even if given the same prompt. If you create appendices or supplemental materials, remember that each should be called out at least once in the body of your APA Style paper.

When given a follow-up prompt of “What is a more accurate representation?” the ChatGPT-generated text indicated that “different brain regions work together to support various cognitive processes” and “the functional specialization of different regions can change in response to experience and environmental factors” (OpenAI, 2023; see Appendix A for the full transcript).

Creating a reference to ChatGPT or other AI models and software

The in-text citations and references above are adapted from the reference template for software in Section 10.10 of the Publication Manual (American Psychological Association, 2020, Chapter 10). Although here we focus on ChatGPT, because these guidelines are based on the software template, they can be adapted to note the use of other large language models (e.g., Bard), algorithms, and similar software.

The reference and in-text citations for ChatGPT are formatted as follows:

• Parenthetical citation: (OpenAI, 2023)
• Narrative citation: OpenAI (2023)

Let’s break that reference down and look at the four elements (author, date, title, and source):

Author: The author of the model is OpenAI.

Date: The date is the year of the version you used. Following the template in Section 10.10, you need to include only the year, not the exact date. The version number provides the specific date information a reader might need.

Title: The name of the model is “ChatGPT,” so that serves as the title and is italicized in your reference, as shown in the template. Although OpenAI labels unique iterations (i.e., ChatGPT-3, ChatGPT-4), they are using “ChatGPT” as the general name of the model, with updates identified with version numbers.

The version number is included after the title in parentheses. The format for the version number in ChatGPT references includes the date because that is how OpenAI is labeling the versions. Different large language models or software might use different version numbering; use the version number in the format the author or publisher provides, which may be a numbering system (e.g., Version 2.0) or other methods.

Bracketed text is used in references for additional descriptions when they are needed to help a reader understand what’s being cited. References for a number of common sources, such as journal articles and books, do not include bracketed descriptions, but things outside of the typical peer-reviewed system often do. In the case of a reference for ChatGPT, provide the descriptor “Large language model” in square brackets. OpenAI describes ChatGPT-4 as a “large multimodal model,” so that description may be provided instead if you are using ChatGPT-4. Later versions and software or models from other companies may need different descriptions, based on how the publishers describe the model. The goal of the bracketed text is to briefly describe the kind of model to your reader.

Source: When the publisher name and the author name are the same, do not repeat the publisher name in the source element of the reference, and move directly to the URL. This is the case for ChatGPT. The URL for ChatGPT is https://chat.openai.com/chat . For other models or products for which you may create a reference, use the URL that links as directly as possible to the source (i.e., the page where you can access the model, not the publisher’s homepage).

Other questions about citing ChatGPT

You may have noticed the confidence with which ChatGPT described the ideas of brain lateralization and how the brain operates, without citing any sources. I asked for a list of sources to support those claims and ChatGPT provided five references—four of which I was able to find online. The fifth does not seem to be a real article; the digital object identifier given for that reference belongs to a different article, and I was not able to find any article with the authors, date, title, and source details that ChatGPT provided. Authors using ChatGPT or similar AI tools for research should consider making this scrutiny of the primary sources a standard process. If the sources are real, accurate, and relevant, it may be better to read those original sources to learn from that research and paraphrase or quote from those articles, as applicable, than to use the model’s interpretation of them.

We’ve also received a number of other questions about ChatGPT. Should students be allowed to use it? What guidelines should instructors create for students using AI? Does using AI-generated text constitute plagiarism? Should authors who use ChatGPT credit ChatGPT or OpenAI in their byline? What are the copyright implications ?

On these questions, researchers, editors, instructors, and others are actively debating and creating parameters and guidelines. Many of you have sent us feedback, and we encourage you to continue to do so in the comments below. We will also study the policies and procedures being established by instructors, publishers, and academic institutions, with a goal of creating guidelines that reflect the many real-world applications of AI-generated text.

For questions about manuscript byline credit, plagiarism, and related ChatGPT and AI topics, the APA Style team is seeking the recommendations of APA Journals editors. APA Style guidelines based on those recommendations will be posted on this blog and on the APA Style site later this year.

Update: APA Journals has published policies on the use of generative AI in scholarly materials .

We, the APA Style team humans, appreciate your patience as we navigate these unique challenges and new ways of thinking about how authors, researchers, and students learn, write, and work with new technologies.

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

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