public health research topics on mental health

Research Topics & Ideas: Mental Health

100+ Mental Health Research Topic Ideas To Fast-Track Your Project

If you’re just starting out exploring mental health topics for your dissertation, thesis or research project, you’ve come to the right place. In this post, we’ll help kickstart your research topic ideation process by providing a hearty list of mental health-related research topics and ideas.

PS – This is just the start…

We know it’s exciting to run through a list of research topics, but please keep in mind that this list is just a starting point . To develop a suitable education-related research topic, you’ll need to identify a clear and convincing research gap , and a viable plan of action to fill that gap.

If this sounds foreign to you, check out our free research topic webinar that explores how to find and refine a high-quality research topic, from scratch. Alternatively, if you’d like hands-on help, consider our 1-on-1 coaching service .

Overview: Mental Health Topic Ideas

• Mood disorders
• Anxiety disorders
• Psychotic disorders
• Personality disorders
• Obsessive-compulsive disorders
• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• Neurodevelopmental disorders
• Eating disorders
• Substance-related disorders

Mood Disorders

Research in mood disorders can help understand their causes and improve treatment methods. Here are a few ideas to get you started.

• The impact of genetics on the susceptibility to depression
• Efficacy of antidepressants vs. cognitive behavioural therapy
• The role of gut microbiota in mood regulation
• Cultural variations in the experience and diagnosis of bipolar disorder
• Seasonal Affective Disorder: Environmental factors and treatment
• The link between depression and chronic illnesses
• Exercise as an adjunct treatment for mood disorders
• Hormonal changes and mood swings in postpartum women
• Stigma around mood disorders in the workplace
• Suicidal tendencies among patients with severe mood disorders

Anxiety Disorders

Research topics in this category can potentially explore the triggers, coping mechanisms, or treatment efficacy for anxiety disorders.

• The relationship between social media and anxiety
• Exposure therapy effectiveness in treating phobias
• Generalised Anxiety Disorder in children: Early signs and interventions
• The role of mindfulness in treating anxiety
• Genetics and heritability of anxiety disorders
• The link between anxiety disorders and heart disease
• Anxiety prevalence in LGBTQ+ communities
• Caffeine consumption and its impact on anxiety levels
• The economic cost of untreated anxiety disorders
• Virtual Reality as a treatment method for anxiety disorders

Psychotic Disorders

Within this space, your research topic could potentially aim to investigate the underlying factors and treatment possibilities for psychotic disorders.

• Early signs and interventions in adolescent psychosis
• Brain imaging techniques for diagnosing psychotic disorders
• The efficacy of antipsychotic medication
• The role of family history in psychotic disorders
• Misdiagnosis and delayed treatment of psychotic disorders
• Co-morbidity of psychotic and mood disorders
• The relationship between substance abuse and psychotic disorders
• Art therapy as a treatment for schizophrenia
• Public perception and stigma around psychotic disorders
• Hospital vs. community-based care for psychotic disorders

Personality Disorders

Research topics within in this area could delve into the identification, management, and social implications of personality disorders.

• Long-term outcomes of borderline personality disorder
• Antisocial personality disorder and criminal behaviour
• The role of early life experiences in developing personality disorders
• Narcissistic personality disorder in corporate leaders
• Gender differences in personality disorders
• Diagnosis challenges for Cluster A personality disorders
• Emotional intelligence and its role in treating personality disorders
• Psychotherapy methods for treating personality disorders
• Personality disorders in the elderly population
• Stigma and misconceptions about personality disorders

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders

Within this space, research topics could focus on the causes, symptoms, or treatment of disorders like OCD and hoarding.

• OCD and its relationship with anxiety disorders
• Cognitive mechanisms behind hoarding behaviour
• Deep Brain Stimulation as a treatment for severe OCD
• The impact of OCD on academic performance in students
• Role of family and social networks in treating OCD
• Alternative treatments for hoarding disorder
• Childhood onset OCD: Diagnosis and treatment
• OCD and religious obsessions
• The impact of OCD on family dynamics
• Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Causes and treatment

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Research topics in this area could explore the triggers, symptoms, and treatments for PTSD. Here are some thought starters to get you moving.

• PTSD in military veterans: Coping mechanisms and treatment
• Childhood trauma and adult onset PTSD
• Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) efficacy
• Role of emotional support animals in treating PTSD
• Gender differences in PTSD occurrence and treatment
• Effectiveness of group therapy for PTSD patients
• PTSD and substance abuse: A dual diagnosis
• First responders and rates of PTSD
• Domestic violence as a cause of PTSD
• The neurobiology of PTSD

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

This category of mental health aims to better understand disorders like Autism and ADHD and their impact on day-to-day life.

• Early diagnosis and interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorder
• ADHD medication and its impact on academic performance
• Parental coping strategies for children with neurodevelopmental disorders
• Autism and gender: Diagnosis disparities
• The role of diet in managing ADHD symptoms
• Neurodevelopmental disorders in the criminal justice system
• Genetic factors influencing Autism
• ADHD and its relationship with sleep disorders
• Educational adaptations for children with neurodevelopmental disorders
• Neurodevelopmental disorders and stigma in schools

Eating Disorders

Research topics within this space can explore the psychological, social, and biological aspects of eating disorders.

• The role of social media in promoting eating disorders
• Family dynamics and their impact on anorexia
• Biological basis of binge-eating disorder
• Treatment outcomes for bulimia nervosa
• Eating disorders in athletes
• Media portrayal of body image and its impact
• Eating disorders and gender: Are men underdiagnosed?
• Cultural variations in eating disorders
• The relationship between obesity and eating disorders
• Eating disorders in the LGBTQ+ community

Substance-Related Disorders

Research topics in this category can focus on addiction mechanisms, treatment options, and social implications.

• Efficacy of rehabilitation centres for alcohol addiction
• The role of genetics in substance abuse
• Substance abuse and its impact on family dynamics
• Prescription drug abuse among the elderly
• Legalisation of marijuana and its impact on substance abuse rates
• Alcoholism and its relationship with liver diseases
• Opioid crisis: Causes and solutions
• Substance abuse education in schools: Is it effective?
• Harm reduction strategies for drug abuse
• Co-occurring mental health disorders in substance abusers

Choosing A Research Topic

These research topic ideas we’ve covered here serve as thought starters to help you explore different areas within mental health. They are intentionally very broad and open-ended. By engaging with the currently literature in your field of interest, you’ll be able to narrow down your focus to a specific research gap .

It’s important to consider a variety of factors when choosing a topic for your dissertation or thesis . Think about the relevance of the topic, its feasibility , and the resources available to you, including time, data, and academic guidance. Also, consider your own interest and expertise in the subject, as this will sustain you through the research process.

Always consult with your academic advisor to ensure that your chosen topic aligns with academic requirements and offers a meaningful contribution to the field. If you need help choosing a topic, consider our private coaching service.

Good morning everyone. This are very patent topics for research in neuroscience. Thank you for guidance

What if everything is important, original and intresting? as in Neuroscience. I find myself overwhelmd with tens of relveant areas and within each area many optional topics. I ask myself if importance (for example – able to treat people suffering) is more relevant than what intrest me, and on the other hand if what advance me further in my career should not also be a consideration?

This information is really helpful and have learnt alot

Phd research topics on implementation of mental health policy in Nigeria :the prospects, challenges and way forward.

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Mental Health is a Global Public Health Issue

Mental, emotional, and psychological health have garnered increased attention as a major public health issue. Mental health includes not only the traditional focus on individual therapy interactions but also emerging frameworks designed to address mental health at the population health level. Health is shaped by a plethora of determinants (eg, genetics, gender, socioeconomic status, education, physical environment, social support networks, access to health services) that operate at the individual, family, community, health systems, and societal levels. Because these determinants of health affect not only physical health but also psychological health, it’s imperative in public health to gain a better understanding of the many pathways through which determinants of health impact the psychological well-being of large groups of individuals.

Over the past 5 years, Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD) has received an increase in submissions addressing aspects of mental health and chronic disease. PCD is pleased to release this collection, Mental Health Is a Global Public Health Issue, which consists of 10 articles that examine relationships between family history, self-care practices, sleep, obesity, educational attainment, and depression. This collection also includes 2 articles from our previously published COVID-19 special supplement : one that addresses the critical need for a population approach to improve the nation’s behavioral health during the COVID-19 pandemic, and one that offers recommendations on keeping parks and green spaces accessible to promote mental and physical health. We hope this collection contributes to ongoing efforts to provide reliable, peer-reviewed research and proven practices to improve health outcomes worldwide in mental health and chronic disease. The topics featured below represent areas in which future submissions would be of great interest to the journal, and PCD will continue to release timely peer-reviewed articles on mental health issues in chronic disease as new information comes available.

Leonard Jack, Jr, PhD, MSc Editor in Chief, Preventing Chronic Disease

PCD Collection: Good Health and Wellness in Indian Country pdf icon [PDF – 1 MB] -->

PEER REVIEWED

The Critical Need for a Population Health Approach: Addressing the Nation’s Behavioral Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond

Evans AC, Bufka LF. The Critical Need for a Population Health Approach: Addressing the Nation’s Behavioral Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond. Prev Chronic Dis 2020;17:200261.

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

The Joint Effect of Physical Multimorbidity and Mental Health Conditions Among Adults in Australia

Ishida M, Hulse ESG, Mahar RK, Gunn J, Atun R, McPake B, et al. The Joint Effect of Physical Multimorbidity and Mental Health Conditions Among Adults in Australia. Prev Chronic Dis 2020;17;200155.

Recommendations for Keeping Parks and Green Space Accessible for Mental and Physical Health During COVID-19 and Other Pandemics

Slater SJ, Christiana RW, Gustat J. Recommendations for Keeping Parks and Green Space Accessible for Mental and Physical Health During COVID-19 and Other Pandemics. Prev Chronic Dis 2020;17:200204.

Association of Adult Depression With Educational Attainment, Aspirations, and Expectations

Cohen AK, Nussbaum J, Weintraub MLR, Nichols CR, Yen IH. Association of Adult Depression With Educational Attainment, Aspirations, and Expectations. Prev Chronic Dis 2020;17:200098.

Comorbid Depression and Obesity: Correlates and Synergistic Association With Noncommunicable Diseases Among Australian Men

Haregu TN, Lee JT, Oldenburg B, Armstrong G. Comorbid Depression and Obesity: Correlates and Synergistic Association With Noncommunicable Diseases Among Australian Men. Prev Chronic Dis 2020;17:190420.

Trouble Sleeping and Depression Among US Women Aged 20 to 30 Years

Barsha RAA, Hossain MB. Trouble Sleeping and Depression Among US Women Aged 20 to 30 Years. Prev Chronic Dis 2020;17:190262.

CME ACTIVITY

Time-Varying Effects of Parental Alcoholism on Depression

Thapa S, Selya AS, Jonk Y. Time-Varying Effects of Parental Alcoholism on Depression. Prev Chronic Dis 2017;14:170100.

Differences by Sex in Association of Mental Health With Video Gaming or Other Nonacademic Computer Use Among US Adolescents

Lee HH, Sung JH, Lee J, Lee JE. Differences by Sex in Association of Mental Health With Video Gaming or Other Nonacademic Computer Use Among US Adolescents. Prev Chronic Dis 2017;14:170151.

RESEARCH BRIEF

Correlation Between Personal Health History and Depression Self-Care Practices and Depression Screening Among African Americans With Chronic Conditions

Barnes PA, Mayo-Gamble TL, Harris D, Townsend D. Correlation Between Personal Health History and Depression Self-Care Practices and Depression Screening Among African Americans With Chronic Conditions. Prev Chronic Dis 2018;15:170581.

Using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to Assess Mental Health, Travis County, Texas, 2011–2016

Miyakado-Steger H, Seidel S. Using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to Assess Mental Health, Travis County, Texas, 2011–2016. Prev Chronic Dis 2019;16:180449.

The opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors’ affiliated institutions.

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August 2, 2024

Is it time to change mental health crisis responses?

Psychiatrist Rupinder Legha advocates for change to mental health crisis management

Image credit: police, by Max from Pixabay

Equipping the next generation of clinicians for addressing conflict mental health: A role for Geopsychiatry

Section Editor Joseph El-Khoury and colleagues share recommendations for training mental health professionals in conflict medicine

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Supporting our community

Introducing ' PLOS Mental Health : The Bigger Picture'

A new quarterly seminar series led by our Senior Editorial Board and Executive Editor, which highlights work in our journal authored by early career researchers and those from underrepresented regions

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Affective Reserve: A new reserve concept we should talk about

Academic Editor Elisa Di Rosa describes a framework to explain differential responses to life events

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Task-shifting or problem-shifting? How lay counselling is redefining mental healthcare

Liana Chase and colleagues explain how lay counselling powerfully shapes mental health care and should be reframed

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digital mental health

Sex and gender may influence the effectiveness of online mental health interventions

In this Systematic Review, Puneeta Tandon and colleagues study how sex and gender could affect how well internet and mobile-based mental health support works

Image credit: Train-track, by David from Pixabay

neurodiversity and mental health

“Actually, even me I wouldn’t think that it is there” exploring the knowledge and attitudes of health professionals towards autism spectrum disorders in Uganda

Kasujja and colleagues explore the challenges of diagnosing ASD in Uganda and suggest that more community and health professional training is needed

Image credit: Children, by Vicki Hamilton from Pixabay

Mental health psychology

Psychopathy, psychological distress, and treatment history among perpetrators of intimate partner femicide, homicide, and other violent crimes in Buenos Aires, Argentina

Martin Hernan Di Marco and colleagues try to understand mental health needs of violent crime perpetrators in order to improve interventions, thus crime prevention.

Image credit: Barbed wire, by vero_vig_050 from Pixabay

community mental health

Early intervention model for treating mood and anxiety disorders: A realist mixed-methods hypothesis test of emerging adult recovery through the mechanism of agency

Image credit: Meditation, by Avi Chomotovski from Pixabay

diagnosis & Classification

Characterizing Clinical Heterogeneity in an Inpatient Service Treating Mental, Substance Use and Concurrent Disorders

Marie Gendy and colleagues characterize clinical heterogeneity in an inpatient psychiatric service 

Image credit: Doctor, by Jossué Trejo from Pixabay

epidemiology of mental health

Burden and predictors of anxiety disorder among HIV patients on ART in Nairobi Kenya.

Image credit: Pill, by Miguel Á. Padriñán from Pixabay

public mental health & policy

Mental health support for students needs to be personalized and culturally informed

Image credit: Graduation cap, by McElspeth from Pixabat

Journeys in Mental Health: An anonymous blog series on lived experiences from PLOS Mental Health

Community case studies: the era of online communities , plos mental health: community case studies.

Exploring the stories of our authors to better understand community-specific issues and needs

Get to know our sections! Community Mental Health

Journeys in mental health for world refugee day, june 2024, schizophrenia, overturning a ‘death sentence’, mental health awareness month at plos mental health, publish with plos.

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More than one-third of adults with medical debt and depression or anxiety delayed mental health care in previous 12 months.

Medical debt is common among adults with depression or anxiety, contributing to the mental health treatment gap.

How to Offer Support and Find Strength on a Trauma Anniversary

The effects of trauma can last far beyond the event itself.

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A mental health researcher and an HR professional have a wide-ranging conversation on how to better promote mental health in the work place.

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We are the only department of mental health in a school of public health in the U.S. We bring together experts across disciplines—from childhood adversity to aging, workplace health to global health—to understand mental health, prevent and manage mental health and substance use disorders, and advocate for improved access to mental health services. Dedicated to advancing research and public health practice, not clinical training, our faculty are committed to educating the next generation of mental health researchers and professionals and giving students the foundational skills to improve mental health in their communities and globally.

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We are the only department dedicated to mental health in a school of public health in the U.S.

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Faculty, staff, and students carry out research on   childhood, adulthood, and later life mental and behavioral health, and study the determinants of mental health at each stage of the continuum from mental wellness to mental illness.

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We are committed to educating and mentoring students to become leaders in public mental health practice and research.

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We identify determinants, develop and test interventions, and evaluate strategies for implementing and sustaining these interventions through evidence-based policy. 

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The MHS in Mental Health is a nine-month degree program that provides a foundation in the research methods and content-area knowledge essential to public mental health.

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Home » 300+ Mental Health Research Topics

300+ Mental Health Research Topics

Mental health is a complex and multi-faceted topic that affects millions of people worldwide. Research into mental health has become increasingly important in recent years, as the global burden of mental illness continues to rise. From identifying risk factors and developing effective treatments, to addressing social and cultural influences, mental health research covers a broad range of topics . In this blog post, we will explore some of the most important and fascinating mental health research topics that are currently being studied by experts in the field.

Mental Health Research Topics

Mental Health Research Topics are as follows:

• The impact of social media on mental health
• The effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions for reducing stress and anxiety
• The relationship between childhood trauma and adult mental health outcomes
• The role of exercise in promoting mental health and well-being
• The impact of COVID-19 on mental health and well-being
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for treating depression and anxiety
• The impact of sleep deprivation on mental health and cognitive functioning
• The relationship between diet and mental health outcomes
• The effectiveness of virtual reality therapy for treating mental health disorders
• The impact of workplace stress on mental health
• The effectiveness of group therapy for treating mental health disorders
• The relationship between substance abuse and mental health outcomes
• The impact of stigma on mental health treatment-seeking behavior
• The effectiveness of animal-assisted therapy for improving mental health
• The impact of environmental factors on mental health outcomes
• The relationship between chronic illness and mental health outcomes
• The effectiveness of art therapy for treating mental health disorders
• The impact of cultural factors on mental health outcomes
• The relationship between personality traits and mental health outcomes
• The effectiveness of music therapy for treating mental health disorders
• The impact of trauma on memory and cognitive functioning
• The relationship between socioeconomic status and mental health outcomes
• The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for treating mental health disorders
• The impact of social support on mental health outcomes
• The relationship between perfectionism and mental health outcomes
• The effectiveness of exposure therapy for treating anxiety disorders
• The impact of early intervention on mental health outcomes
• The relationship between attachment styles and mental health outcomes
• The effectiveness of narrative therapy for treating mental health disorders
• The impact of technology on mental health outcomes
• The relationship between resilience and mental health outcomes
• The effectiveness of family therapy for treating mental health disorders
• The impact of gender on mental health outcomes
• The relationship between creativity and mental health outcomes
• The effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy for treating borderline personality disorder
• The impact of personality disorders on mental health outcomes
• The relationship between trauma and addiction
• The effectiveness of cognitive remediation therapy for improving cognitive functioning in individuals with mental illness
• The impact of discrimination on mental health outcomes
• The relationship between emotional intelligence and mental health outcomes
• The effectiveness of play therapy for treating mental health disorders in children
• The impact of attachment trauma on relationships in adulthood
• The relationship between religious or spiritual beliefs and mental health outcomes
• The effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy for treating mental health disorders
• The impact of chronic pain on mental health outcomes
• The relationship between self-esteem and mental health outcomes
• The effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for treating trauma-related disorders
• The impact of parenting style on mental health outcomes in children
• The relationship between mindfulness and mental health outcomes
• The effectiveness of equine-assisted therapy for improving mental health.
• The relationship between childhood trauma and mental illness
• The effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions for treating anxiety disorders
• The role of genetics in the development of mental illness
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for treating depression
• The impact of exercise on mental health
• The prevalence and causes of burnout among healthcare professionals
• The effectiveness of group therapy for treating substance abuse disorders
• The impact of sleep on mental health
• The relationship between trauma and dissociation
• The effectiveness of virtual reality therapy for treating phobias
• The relationship between gut health and mental health
• The impact of stigma on seeking mental health treatment
• The relationship between spirituality and mental health
• The impact of adverse childhood experiences on mental health
• The relationship between attachment style and mental health
• The effectiveness of art therapy for treating PTSD
• The impact of chronic illness on mental health
• The relationship between personality traits and mental illness
• The effectiveness of narrative therapy for treating depression
• The relationship between social support and mental health
• The effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for treating trauma
• The impact of discrimination on mental health
• The relationship between parental bonding and mental health
• The effectiveness of family therapy for treating eating disorders
• The impact of environmental factors on mental health
• The relationship between hormonal changes and mental health
• The effectiveness of equine therapy for treating addiction
• The impact of trauma on attachment
• The relationship between exercise addiction and mental health
• The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for treating anxiety disorders
• The impact of racism on mental health
• The relationship between animal-assisted therapy and mental health
• The effectiveness of exposure therapy for treating OCD
• The impact of gender identity on mental health
• The relationship between social anxiety and substance abuse
• The effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy for treating relationship issues
• The impact of social inequality on mental health
• The relationship between spirituality and substance abuse
• The effectiveness of schema therapy for treating personality disorders
• The impact of peer support on mental health
• The effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy for treating depression
• The impact of poverty on mental health
• The relationship between sleep disorders and mental health
• The effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions for treating addiction
• The impact of immigration on mental health
• The relationship between self-esteem and mental health.
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating anxiety disorders
• The relationship between childhood trauma and adult mental health
• The effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions for depression
• The impact of exercise on mental health outcomes
• The role of sleep disturbances in the development of psychiatric disorders
• The effectiveness of pharmacological treatments for bipolar disorder
• The relationship between alcohol use and mental health outcomes
• The effectiveness of psychotherapy in treating post-traumatic stress disorder
• The impact of nutrition on mental health outcomes
• The relationship between chronic pain and mental health
• The effectiveness of group therapy in treating depression
• The role of stigma in mental health treatment-seeking behaviors
• The relationship between trauma exposure and suicidal behavior
• The effectiveness of telehealth interventions for mental health care
• The role of attachment styles in the development of mental illness
• The effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions for anxiety
• The impact of work-related stress on mental health
• The relationship between physical activity and mental health outcomes
• The effectiveness of cognitive remediation in treating schizophrenia
• The role of family dynamics in the development of mental illness
• The relationship between childhood adversity and substance use disorders
• The effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy in treating borderline personality
• The effectiveness of psychoanalytic therapy in treating depression
• The impact of peer support groups on mental health outcomes
• The role of spirituality in coping with mental illness
• The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in treating anxiety
• The impact of trauma-informed care on mental health treatment outcomes
• The relationship between body image and mental health
• The effectiveness of art therapy in treating PTSD
• The role of cognitive biases in the development of mental illness
• The relationship between social isolation and mental health outcomes
• The effectiveness of virtual reality therapy in treating phobias
• The impact of stigma on mental health among LGBTQ+ individuals
• The relationship between trauma and eating disorders
• The effectiveness of emotion regulation interventions in treating borderline personality disorder
• The role of attachment styles in the treatment of anxiety disorders
• The relationship between childhood abuse and dissociative disorders
• The effectiveness of family-based interventions in treating adolescent depression
• The relationship between social inequality and mental health outcomes
• The effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions for substance use disorders
• The role of cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating OCD
• The relationship between emotional regulation and addiction recovery
• The impact of trauma-focused therapy on PTSD symptoms in military veterans
• The relationship between sleep disorders and mood disorders
• The effectiveness of exercise interventions in treating depression
• The role of trauma-informed care in treating substance use disorders
• The relationship between trauma and personality disorders
• The effectiveness of interpersonal therapy in treating depression
• The impact of cultural factors on mental health treatment outcomes
• The relationship between stigma and medication adherence in mental health treatment
• The effectiveness of behavioral activation interventions in treating depression
• The role of cognitive biases in addiction recovery
• The relationship between social support and addiction recovery
• The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in addiction recovery
• The impact of comorbid medical conditions on mental health outcomes
• The effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain management
• The role of coping strategies in the treatment of anxiety disorders
• The relationship between anxiety and substance use disorders
• The impact of COVID-19 on mental health outcomes
• The effectiveness of narrative therapy in treating trauma
• The role of social support in trauma recovery.
• The relationship between trauma and depression
• The effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy in treating substance use disorders
• The impact of adverse childhood experiences on mental health outcomes
• The role of cultural competence in mental health treatment
• The relationship between childhood obesity and mental health
• The effectiveness of art therapy in treating anxiety disorders
• The impact of mindfulness on workplace mental health
• The effectiveness of group therapy in treating substance use disorders
• The role of spirituality in addiction recovery
• The relationship between personality disorders and addiction
• The effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy in treating anxiety disorders
• The impact of social support on PTSD treatment outcomes
• The relationship between social anxiety and substance use disorders
• The effectiveness of virtual reality therapy in treating PTSD
• The role of resilience in mental health recovery
• The relationship between addiction and trauma in veterans
• The effectiveness of cognitive remediation in treating ADHD
• The impact of parental mental illness on children’s mental health outcomes
• The relationship between trauma and bipolar disorder
• The effectiveness of narrative therapy in treating depression
• The role of mindfulness in addiction recovery
• The relationship between borderline personality disorder and substance use disorders
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating eating disorders
• The impact of workplace bullying on mental health outcomes
• The relationship between trauma and self-harm behaviors
• The effectiveness of family therapy in treating addiction
• The role of stigma in addiction recovery
• The effectiveness of schema therapy in treating personality disorders
• The impact of childhood neglect on mental health outcomes
• The relationship between anxiety and chronic pain
• The effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy in treating personality disorders
• The role of self-compassion in mental health recovery
• The relationship between trauma and dissociative disorders
• The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in treating personality disorders
• The impact of adverse work conditions on mental health outcomes
• The relationship between addiction and sleep disorders
• The effectiveness of exposure therapy in treating phobias
• The role of emotional regulation in addiction recovery
• The relationship between trauma and addiction in women
• The impact of childhood bullying on mental health outcomes
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating personality disorders
• The role of resilience in addiction recovery
• The relationship between ADHD and substance use disorders
• The impact of social support on eating disorder treatment outcomes
• The effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions in treating personality disorders
• The role of positive psychology in mental health recovery
• The relationship between trauma and PTSD in children
• The effectiveness of family-based interventions in treating substance use disorders
• The relationship between social media use and body image concerns
• The effectiveness of group therapy for substance use disorders
• The role of resilience in coping with mental illness
• The impact of trauma on attachment patterns in adulthood
• The relationship between childhood neglect and depression
• The role of emotional intelligence in mental health outcomes
• The effectiveness of family therapy for eating disorders
• The impact of mindfulness on emotion regulation in borderline personality disorder
• The relationship between childhood ADHD and substance use disorders in adulthood
• The role of social support in preventing suicide
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia
• The impact of trauma on the development of borderline personality disorder
• The relationship between childhood bullying and anxiety disorders in adulthood
• The effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy for eating disorders
• The role of attachment styles in the treatment of personality disorders
• The impact of family conflict on adolescent mental health
• The relationship between childhood maltreatment and self-harm behaviors
• The effectiveness of exposure therapy for PTSD
• The role of social support in the treatment of depression
• The impact of trauma on the development of dissociative identity disorder
• The relationship between childhood abuse and addiction
• The effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions for ADHD
• The role of cognitive biases in the development of OCD
• The impact of perfectionism on mental health outcomes
• The relationship between childhood trauma and schizophrenia
• The effectiveness of cognitive remediation for executive functioning deficits in bipolar disorder
• The role of cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of hoarding disorder
• The impact of societal expectations on mental health in minority groups
• The relationship between childhood trauma and borderline personality disorder
• The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain
• The role of social support in the treatment of substance use disorders
• The impact of trauma on attachment patterns in childhood
• The relationship between childhood ADHD and depression in adulthood
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder
• The role of emotional regulation in preventing self-harm behaviors
• The impact of societal stigma on mental health treatment-seeking behaviors
• The relationship between childhood trauma and eating disorders
• The effectiveness of interpersonal therapy for depression
• The role of cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of panic disorder
• The impact of trauma on the development of anxiety disorders
• The relationship between childhood trauma and bipolar disorder
• The effectiveness of exposure and response prevention for OCD
• The role of cognitive biases in the treatment of PTSD
• The impact of social support on mental health outcomes in LGBTQ+ individuals
• The relationship between childhood trauma and social anxiety disorder
• The effectiveness of psychoanalytic therapy for personality disorders
• The role of emotional regulation in the treatment of anxiety disorders
• The impact of childhood trauma on substance use disorders in adulthood
• The relationship between childhood ADHD and anxiety disorders in adulthood
• The relationship between social media use and body image dissatisfaction
• The role of childhood attachment in the development of anxiety disorders
• The relationship between social support and PTSD recovery
• The effectiveness of psychotherapy for treating substance use disorders
• The impact of trauma exposure on cognitive functioning
• The relationship between sleep disorders and anxiety
• The role of childhood adversity in the development of eating disorders
• The effectiveness of virtual reality exposure therapy for anxiety disorders
• The impact of racial discrimination on mental health outcomes
• The role of emotion dysregulation in the development of personality disorders
• The effectiveness of family-based interventions in treating eating disorders
• The impact of childhood trauma on self-esteem
• The role of attachment styles in the treatment of PTSD
• The effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy for treating eating disorders
• The impact of parental stress on child mental health outcomes
• The relationship between childhood ADHD and substance use disorders
• The role of resilience in the treatment of trauma
• The effectiveness of motivational interviewing in treating substance use disorders
• The impact of childhood trauma on physical health outcomes
• The relationship between anxiety and perfectionism
• The role of cultural factors in the development of eating disorders
• The effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions for trauma
• The impact of peer victimization on mental health outcomes
• The role of self-compassion in the treatment of depression
• The effectiveness of exposure therapy for OCD
• The impact of childhood trauma on social relationships
• The relationship between childhood trauma and psychosis
• The role of cognitive biases in the development of eating disorders
• The effectiveness of transdiagnostic treatments for anxiety and depression
• The impact of chronic illness on mental health outcomes
• The role of self-esteem in the treatment of anxiety disorders
• The effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy in treating trauma
• The impact of maternal depression on child mental health outcomes
• The relationship between trauma and dissociative symptoms
• The role of attachment styles in the treatment of eating disorders
• The effectiveness of cognitive remediation in treating eating disorders
• The impact of adverse childhood experiences on the development of addiction
• The relationship between anxiety and hoarding behavior
• The role of cognitive biases in the development of substance use disorders
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic pain management
• The impact of childhood trauma on emotional regulation
• The relationship between childhood trauma and suicidal behavior
• The role of mindfulness in the treatment of depression
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for substance use disorders.

About the author

Muhammad Hassan

Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer

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What Does a Public Health Approach to Mental Health and Illness Look Like?

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The Top 10 Most Interesting Mental Health Research Topics

In the United States, the majority of people have been diagnosed with at least one mental disorder. Once considered shameful, mental health issues are now being discussed more openly through various online platforms, such as the best mental health podcasts and blogs, which have made information more accessible. As a result, more people are seeking forms of mental healthcare and researchers are learning even more.

While research on mental health has come a long way, there is still a long way to go in destigmatizing mental health conditions and spreading mental health awareness. If you are looking for mental health research paper topics and are struggling to narrow down your list, take a look at the top 10 most interesting mental health research topics to help get you started.

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What makes a strong mental health research topic.

The best way for you to develop a strong mental health research topic is by first having a specific and well-defined area of interest. Your research topic should provide a clear and simple roadmap to help you focus your research paper. Additionally, consider your audience and the topic’s significance within the mental health field. What does it contribute?

Tips for Choosing a Mental Health Research Topic

• Choose a topic that is interesting to you. You may be writing to share your findings with your peers, but your topic should excite you first and foremost. You will spend a significant amount of time on it, so it should be work you are eager to dive into.
• Choose a fresh approach. There is an extensive amount of mental health research conducted by mental health professionals. Use your research skills to choose a topic that does more than just restate the same facts and information. Say something that hasn’t been said before.
• Choose a topic that matters. The topic you choose should make a contribution to all the mental health education and research that already exists. Approach your topic in a way that ensures that it’s of significance within the field.
• Choose a topic that challenges you. A sure-fire way to find out if your topic meets the criteria of being interesting, fresh, and significant, is if it challenges you. If it’s too easy, then there must be enough research available on it. If it’s too difficult, it’s likely unmanageable.
• Choose a topic that’s manageable. You should aim to choose a topic that is narrow enough in its focus that it doesn’t overwhelm you. Consider what’s feasible for you to dedicate to the research in terms of resources and time.

What’s the Difference Between a Research Topic and a Research Question?

The purpose of a research topic is to let the reader know what specific area of mental health research your paper will focus on. It is the territory upon which your research paper is based. Defining your topic is typically the initial step of any research project.

A research question, on the other hand, narrows down the scope of your research and provides a framework for the study and its objectives. It is based on the research topic and written in the form of a question that the research paper aims to answer. It provides the reader with a clear idea of what’s to be expected from the research.

How to Create Strong Mental Health Research Questions

To create a strong research question, you need to consider what will help guide the direction your research takes. It is an important part of the process and requires strong research methods . A strong research question clearly defines your work’s specific focus and lets your audience know exactly what question you intend to answer through your research.

Top 10 Mental Health Research Paper Topics

1. the effects of social media platforms on the mental well-being of children.

The effects of social media platforms on the mental well-being of children is a research topic that is especially significant and relevant today. This is due to the increasing usage of online social networks by children and adolescents. Evidence shows a correlation between social media usage and increased self-harming behaviors, anxiety, and psychological distress.

2. The Psychology of Gender Identity, Inclusivity, and Diversity

With the conversations surrounding gender and identity in recent times, a research topic on the psychology of gender identity, inclusivity, and diversity is a good option. Our understanding of gender now, in the 21st century, has evolved and gender identity has become non-binary, more inclusive, and more diverse.

3. The Psychological Effects of Social Phobia on Undergraduate Students

Some of the most common mental illnesses in the United States are phobias, so the topic of the psychology and effects of phobias is interesting and relevant to the majority of people. There are various categories of phobias that have been identified by the American Psychiatric Association that you could choose to focus on.

4. Eating Disorders Among Teenagers and Adolescents

Eating disorders among teenagers and adolescents in the United States are prevalent, especially among young women. The statistics surrounding mental health issues show that 10 in 100 young women suffer from eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia, as well as a preoccupation with food and body dysmorphia.

5. The Correlation Between Childhood Learning Disabilities and Mental Health Problems in Adulthood

When groups of people with learning disorders (LD) were compared with groups that had no known history of LD, a correlation between childhood LD and mental health issues in adulthood was found. This research is important because it helps us to understand how childhood LD increases mental health risks in adulthood and affects emotional development.

6. How Mental Disorder is Glamorized and Sensationalized in Modern Media

Shows and movies centered around the depiction of mental illness have become more popular in recent years. The portrayal of characters with mental illnesses can often be damaging and fail to take into account the complexities of mental disorders, which often leads to stigmatization and discrimination, and a reluctance to seek mental health care.

7. The Relationship Between Self-esteem and Suicide Rates Among Adolescents

A relationship between self-esteem and suicide rates among adolescents has been found when looking into their suicidal tendencies. This is more so the case with any individual who already suffers from a mental health issue. Low self-esteem has been linked to increased levels of depression and suicide ideation, leading to higher chances of suicide attempts among adolescents.

8. Destigmatizing Mental Illness and Mental Disorders

The rates at which people are diagnosed with mental illnesses are high. Even so, their portrayal in the media has resulted in the belief that those who suffer from a mental health issue or live in mental health facilities are dangerous. Conducting research on abnormal psychology topics and destigmatizing mental illness and mental disorders is important for mental health education.

9. Psychological Trauma and the Effects of Childhood Sexual Abuse

Mental health statistics show that most abuse happens in childhood, causing long-lasting psychological trauma. The type of trauma caused by child abuse and childhood sexual abuse affects development in infants and children. It has been linked to higher levels of depression, anxiety, guilt, sexual issues, dissociative patterns, and relationship issues, to name a few.

10. Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Psychological Well-Being

There is no doubt about the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and COVID-19 confinement on psychological well-being. The threat to public health, the social and economic stresses, and the various reactions by governments and individuals have all caused unexpected mental health challenges. This has affected behaviors, perceptions, and the ways in which people make decisions.

Other Examples of Mental Health Research Topics and Questions

Mental health research topics.

• How trauma affects emotional development in children
• The impact of COVID-19 on college students
• The mental effects of bullying
• How the media influences aggression
• A comparative analysis of the differences in mental health in women and mental health in men

Mental Health Research Questions

• Are digital therapy sessions as impactful as face-to-face therapy sessions for patients?
• What are the best methods for effectively using social media to unite and connect all those suffering from a mental health issue in order to reduce their isolation?
• What causes self-destructive behavior in some children?
• Can introducing mental health topics in the school curriculum help to create understanding and reduce the stigmatization of mental disorders?
• What are the most effective methods to improve brain health and emotional intelligence as we go through the aging process?

Choosing the Right Mental Health Research Topic

When choosing the right mental health research question, it is essential to figure out what single issue you want to focus on within the broader topic of mental conditions. The narrower your scope, the easier it will be to conduct thorough and relevant research. Vagueness can lead to information overload and a lack of clear direction.

However, even though it needs to be specific, your research question must also be complex enough to allow you to develop your research. If it’s too narrow in its focus, you won’t give yourself enough room to flesh out your findings as you build on your research. The key is to find the middle ground between the two.

Mental Health Research Topics FAQ

A mental disorder refers to any of the various conditions that affect and alter our behavior, thoughts, and emotions. More than half of Americans get diagnosed with a mental disorder at some point in their lives. They are common and manageable with the right support. Some mental illnesses are occasional, such as postpartum depression, while others are long-term, such as panic attacks.

Mental health research raises awareness of mental health disorders and promotes mental health care. It provides support and evidence for the effectiveness of mental health services and programs designed for psychiatric patients and those with mental health disorders. The information provided by the research helps us better understand mental illnesses and how best to approach treatment plans.

Behavioral health and emotional health are part of a person’s overall mental health since they are all interlinked and each one affects the other. When we speak of mental health, we are referring to behavioral, cognitive, and emotional well-being, which can also affect physical health.

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), the five main categories of mental illness include dementia, mood disorders such as bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, feeding and eating disorders, and personality disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder.

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150+ Trending Mental Health Research Topics For Students (2023)

Mental health is an important part of our well-being, encompassing our emotional, psychological, and social health. In the United States, the importance of addressing mental health has gained recognition, with growing concerns about stress, anxiety, and depression. 

In this blog, we will guide you the meaning of mental health research topics with our 5 useful tips. Moreover, we give you a list of 150+ Mental Health Research Topics in 2023, including qualitative, interesting, and even controversial ones, you’ll find options that suit your interests. From the impact of social media to the intersection of Mental Health with political science and music therapy, we’ve got you covered. 

Stay tuned for more on mental health research topics, and do not forget our bonus tips for selecting the best topics.

What Is Mental Health?

Table of Contents

Mental health is about how we feel and think inside our minds. It’s like taking care of our thoughts and emotions, just like we take care of our bodies. When our mental health is good, we usually feel happy and calm and can handle life’s challenges. But when our mental health is not so good, we might feel sad, anxious, or overwhelmed.

What Are Mental Health Research Topics? 

Mental health research topics are subjects that scientists and experts study to learn more about our thoughts and emotions. These topics include things like understanding what causes mental health problems, finding better ways to help people who are struggling, and figuring out how to prevent these issues from happening. Researchers also examine how different treatments, like therapy or medication, can help improve mental health.

These research topics are important because they help us learn more about our minds and how to keep them healthy. By studying these topics, scientists can discover new ways to support people who are facing mental health challenges, making it easier for everyone to lead happier and more balanced lives.

5 Useful Tips For Choosing Mental Health Research Topics

Here are some useful tips for choosing mental health research topics: 

1. Your research will be more focused and impactful.

2. You will be more likely to find funding and support.

3. You will be more likely to publish your research in peer-reviewed journals.

4. You will be more likely to make a huge contribution to the field of mental health research.

5. You will be more likely to enjoy your research experience.

Choosing the right mental health research topic is essential for success. By following the tips above, you can choose a topic that is focused, impactful, and relevant to your interests and expertise.

150+ Mental Health Research Topics In 2023

In this section, we will explore 150+ mental health research topics on different categories: 

Mental Health Research Topics For College Students

College students often face unique mental health challenges. Here are 15 research topics for studying mental health in this demographic:

• The impact of academic stress on college students’ mental health.
• Exploring the relationship between sleep patterns and mental well-being among college students.
• Analyzing the effectiveness of campus mental health services.
• Investigating the prevalence of substance abuse and its effects on mental health in college students.
• The role of peer support groups in reducing anxiety and depression among college students.
• Examining the influence of social media usage on the mental health of college students.
• The correlation between mental stress and financial stress issues in college students.
• The value of practicing mindfulness and meditation for college students’ mental health.
• Getting a better idea of how different cultures affect college students’ mental health.
• Trying to figure out how mental health and physical movement affect college students.
•  Investigating the stigma surrounding mental health issues in college environments.
•  Analyzing the role of academic pressure in the onset of eating disorders among college students.
•  The effectiveness of online mental health resources and apps for college students.
•  Examining the mental health challenges faced by LGBTQ+ college students.
•  The impact of COVID-19 and remote learning on the mental health of college students.

Mental Health Research Topics For High School Students

High school students also encounter unique mental health concerns. Here are 15 research topics for studying mental health in this age group:

•  The effects of academic pressure on the mental health of high school students.
•  Investigating the role of family dynamics in the emotional well-being of high school students.
•  Analyzing the impact of bullying and cyberbullying on the mental health of teenagers.
•  The relationship between social media use and body image issues in high school students.
•  Examining the effectiveness of mental health education programs in high schools.
•  Investigating the prevalence of self-harm and suicidal ideation among high school students.
•  Analyzing the influence of peer relationships on the mental health of adolescents.
•  The role of extracurricular activities in promoting positive mental health in high school students.
•  Exploring the effects of substances abuse on the mental well-being of teenagers.
•  Investigating the stigma surrounding mental health issues in high schools.
•  The effects of COVID-19 and remote learning on the mental health of high school students.
•  Examining the mental health challenges faced by immigrant and refugee high school students.
•  Analyzing the relationship between sleep patterns and mental health in adolescents.
•  The effectiveness of art and creative therapies in treating mental health issues in high school students.
•  Investigating the role of teachers and school counselors in supporting students’ mental health.

Mental Health Research Topics For Nursing Students

Nursing students play a vital role in mental health care. Here are 15 research topics relevant to nursing students:

•  The impact of nursing education on students’ mental health.
•  Investigating the effectiveness of therapeutic communication in psychiatric nursing.
•  Analyzing the role of psychiatric medications in mental health treatment.
•  The importance of self-care practices for nursing students’ mental well-being.
•  Exploring the challenges faced by nursing students in caring for patients with severe mental illness.
•  Investigating the influence of nursing curricula on reducing mental health stigma.
•  Analyzing the role of clinical placements in preparing nursing students for mental health nursing.
•  The effects of peer support programs on nursing students’ mental health.
•  Examining the prevalence of burnout and stress among nursing students.
• The importance of cultural skills in nursing care for different mental health patients.
•  Investigating the impact of technology and telehealth on mental health nursing practices.
•  Analyzing the ethical dilemmas faced by nursing students in mental health care.
•  Exploring the use of simulation training in psychiatric nursing education.
•  The effectiveness of mindfulness and stress management programs for nursing students.
•  Finding out what nursing students think about the healing model in mental health care is the goal of this study.

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Psychology Culture, And Mental Health Research Topics

Psychology and culture intersect in complex ways. Here are 15 research topics in this area:

•  Cross-cultural variations in the manifestation of mental disorders.
•  The influence of cultural beliefs on help-seeking behaviors for mental health issues.
•  Analyzing cultural factors in the diagnosis and treatment of depression.
• The effect of acculturation on the mental health of newcomers.
•  Exploring cultural stigma surrounding mental illness in different societies.
•  Investigating the role of traditional healing practices in mental health care.
•  Cross-cultural perspectives on the concept of resilience in mental health.
•  Analyzing cultural variations in the experience of anxiety disorders.
•  The role of cultural competence in psychotherapy and counseling.
•  Exploring indigenous perspectives on mental health and well-being.
•  The impact of globalization on cultural attitudes toward mental health.
•  Investigating the influence of religion and spirituality on mental health outcomes.
•  Analyzing cultural differences in the perception and treatment of eating disorders.
•  The role of cultural identity in coping with trauma and adversity.
•  Cross-cultural perspectives on the use of psychotropic medications in mental health treatment.

Community Mental Health Research Topics

Community mental health research is crucial for improving public well-being. Here are 15 research topics in this field:

•  Evaluating the effectiveness of community-based mental health programs.
•  Investigating the role of peer support networks in community mental health.
•  Analyzing the impact of housing instability on mental health in urban communities.
•  Why early intervention programs are so important for avoiding serious mental illness.
•  Exploring the use of telemedicine in delivering mental health services to underserved communities.
•  Investigating the integration of mental health care into primary care settings.
•  Analyzing the effectiveness of crisis intervention teams in community policing.
•  The role of community art and creative programs in promoting mental well-being.
•  Examining the mental health challenges faced by homeless populations.
•  The impact of community outreach and education on reducing mental health stigma.
•  Investigating the use of community gardens and green spaces for improving mental health.
•  Analyzing the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and mental health disparities.
•  Exploring the role of community leaders and advocates in mental health policy.
•  The effectiveness of community-based substance abuse treatment programs.
•  Finding out what part social determinants of health play in the mental health of a community.

Global Mental Health Research Topics

Mental health is a global issue with unique challenges. Here are 15 research topics in global mental health:

•  Analyzing the burden of mental illness on global public health.
•  Investigating the cultural variations in mental health stigma worldwide.
•   The impact of arms conflict and displacement on mental well-being.
•  Exploring the use of teletherapy for improving access to mental health care in low-resource settings.
•  Analyzing the role of traditional healers in global mental health care.
•  Investigating the mental health challenges faced by refugees and asylum seekers.
•  The effectiveness of international mental health aid and interventions.
•  Examining the mental health implications of weather change and natural disasters.
•  Analyzing the global prevalence and treatment of common mental disorders.
•  Exploring the intersection of infectious diseases (e.g., HIV/AIDS) and mental health.
•  Mental Health in Urban Environments: Analyzing the unique challenges faced by individuals living in densely populated urban areas.
•  Mental Health and Digital Technology: Exploring the impact of digital technology on mental well-being across cultures and age groups.
•  Mental Health in Indigenous Communities: Investigating mental health disparities among indigenous populations and the role of cultural preservation.
•  Mental Health in the Workplace: Examining workplace-related stressors and policies to support employees’ mental well-being globally.
•  Youth Mental Health: Studying mental health challenges among children and adolescents, considering factors like education and family dynamics.

Qualitative Mental Health Research Topics

Qualitative research in mental health can provide rich insights into individuals’ experiences and perceptions. Here are 15 qualitative research topics in mental health:

•  Exploring the lived experiences of individuals with schizophrenia.
•  Qualitative analysis of the stigma associated with seeking mental health treatment.
•  Understanding the coping mechanisms of parents with children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.
•  Investigating the narratives of individuals recovering from addiction.
•  Analyzing the cultural perceptions of depression and its treatment.
•  Examining the subjective experiences of caregivers of dementia patients.
•  Discussing the role of spirituality in the recovery process for people with mental illness.
•  Qualitative assessment of the impact of mindfulness-based interventions on stress reduction.
•  Investigating the narratives of survivors of suicide attempts.
•  Understanding the experiences of LGBTQ+ individuals in mental health care.
•  Analyzing the perceptions of veterans regarding post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment.
•  Exploring the subjective experiences of individuals with eating disorders.
•  Qualitative assessment of the role of peer support groups in recovery from substance abuse.
• Investigating the stigma and barriers faced by individuals with bipolar disorder.
• Understanding the cultural variations in perceptions of anxiety disorders.

Interesting Mental Health Research Topics

Fascinating mental health topics can engage researchers and readers alike. Here are 15 intriguing research topics in mental health:

• The impact of virtual reality therapy on anxiety and phobias.
• Investigating the connection between creativity and mental well-being.
• Analyzing the role of pet therapy in reducing stress and anxiety.
• Exploring the effects of nature and green spaces on mental health.
• The relationship between personality types (e.g., introversion, extroversion) and mental health outcomes.
• Investigating the benefits of laughter therapy on mood and stress.
• Analyzing the effects of lucid dreaming on nightmares and trauma.
• Exploring the mental health benefits of volunteering and altruism.
• The impact of time-restricted eating on mood and cognitive function.
• Investigating the use of virtual support groups for individuals with social anxiety.
• Analyzing the relationship between music and memory in Alzheimer’s disease.
• Exploring the mental health effects of color psychology and interior design.
• The role of adventure therapy in enhancing self-esteem and resilience.
• Investigating the influence of childhood hobbies on adult mental well-being.
• Analyzing the connection between humor and emotional intelligence in mental health promotion.

Social Media On Mental Health Research Topics

Social media’s impact on mental health is a timely and relevant research area. Here are 15 research topics on this subject:

• Analyzing the relationship between social media use and feelings of loneliness.
• Investigating the effects of cyberbullying on adolescent mental health.
• The influence of social media comparison on body image dissatisfaction.
• Exploring the role of social media in the dissemination of mental health information.
• Analyzing the impact of social media detoxes on well-being.
• Investigating the link between excessive screen time and sleep disturbances.
• The effects of online support communities on mental health recovery.
• Exploring the role of influencer culture in shaping mental health perceptions.
• Analyzing the relationship between social media activism and mental well-being.
• Investigating the impact of “FOMO” (Fear of Missing Out) on anxiety levels.
• The role of social media in spreading wrong information about mental health.
• Exploring the effects of targeted advertising on mental health outcomes.
• Analyzing the relationship between online gaming and addictive behaviors.
• Investigating the influence of social media on political polarization and mental health.
• The role of social media in fostering a sense of community among marginalized groups with mental health issues.

Cool Mental Health Research Topics

Cool mental health topics can pique interest and lead to innovative research. Here are some cool research topics in mental health:

• Investigating the therapeutic potential of psychedelic substances for mental health treatment.
• Analyzing the impact of virtual reality gaming on managing stress and anxiety.
• Exploring the use of artificial intelligence and chatbots in mental health counseling.
• The effectiveness of mindfulness apps and wearable devices in promoting mental well-being.
• Investigating the role of gut microbiota in mood and mental health.
• Analyzing the use of neurofeedback technology for improving attention and focus in ADHD.
• Exploring the benefits of equine-assisted therapy for individuals with PTSD .
• The potential of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy for treating depression.
• Investigating the use of art therapy and virtual art galleries for mental health support.
• Analyzing the impact of music and sound therapy on sleep quality and anxiety.
• Exploring the use of scent and aroma therapy in mood regulation.
• The role of biofeedback and wearable sensors in managing panic disorders.
• Investigating the mental health benefits of urban gardening and green rooftops.
• Analyzing the use of brain-computer interfaces in enhancing emotional regulation.
• Exploring the connection between outdoor adventure activities and resilience in mental health recovery.

Understanding what mental health is and exploring various mental health research topics is crucial in addressing the challenges individuals face today. Choosing the right topic involves considering your audience and interests, as highlighted in our five tips. With 150+ mental health research topics for 2023, we have provided options for college, high school, and nursing students and those interested in psychology, culture, and global perspectives. 

Moreover, qualitative and intriguing topics offer diverse avenues for exploration while acknowledging the impact of social media on mental health is essential. Remember our bonus tips when selecting your mental health research topic – prioritize relevance and impact to make a meaningful contribution to this vital field.

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Exploring the Rise in Mental Health Care Use by Demographics and Insurance Status

Nirmita Panchal and Justin Lo Published: Aug 01, 2024

Many people in the United States experience mental health conditions, which raises questions about mental health service utilization patterns and what barriers exist with connecting people to services. Prior research suggests that mental health service utilization increased over time. This analysis explores more recent data, from 2019 to 2022, to understand the latest trends in utilization of mental health services and how it differs by demographics and insured status. In this analysis, receipt of mental health care is measured as the share of people who say they received mental health counseling and/or prescription medication for mental health concerns in the last year. Estimates shown are KFF analyses of National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data among adults in the U.S. from 2019 to 2022.

In 2022, 23% of adults received mental health treatment, up from 19% in 2019 (Figure 1). Specifically, the share of adults saying they received mental health counseling in the past year increased from 10% in 2019 to 13% in 2022. Similarly, the share of adults reporting they took prescription medication for mental health conditions increased from 16% to 19% during the same period. Receipt of prescription medication remained consistently higher than counseling (19% vs. 13%, respectively, in 2022).

Compared to older adults, young adults (ages 18-26) were more likely to receive mental health treatment and experienced the highest increase in receipt of treatment over time. In 2022, 26% of young adults reported receiving counseling and/or prescription medications for mental health conditions in the past year, representing a significantly higher share compared to all other adults (ages 27 and above) (Figure 2).

Young adults also experienced the largest percent increase in the share of adults receiving mental health treatment from 2019 to 2022 (45%), followed by adults ages 27-50 (29%), 51-64 (13%), and 65 and above (1%) (Figure 2). Although receipt of mental health services has increased among young adults in recent years, other KFF analyses found that leading up to the pandemic, many young adults with mental health conditions did not receive treatment. The lack of treatment among this population may be linked to costs , transitioning from pediatric to adult  health care , and difficulties accessing mental health services in college settings .

Women are nearly twice as likely to report receiving mental health treatment in the past year compared to men. In 2022, 29% of women reported receiving mental health services, compared to 17% of men (Figure 3). Research   suggests men may be less likely to seek mental health care than women. Men are also more likely to be  uninsured  and less likely to  report  a usual source of health care. Separately, women are  more likely  than men to  report  experiencing mental health disorders, including serious mental illness.

Across racial and ethnic groups, past year receipt of mental health treatment was highest among White adults and lowest among Asian adults. In 2022, 28% of White adults reported receiving counseling and/or prescription medication for mental health conditions in the past year, compared to 16% of Hispanic and Black adults and 9% of Asian adults. A recent KFF poll found that, compared to their White peers, Hispanic, Black, and Asian adults disproportionately report challenges with mental health care utilization, including finding a provider who can understand their background and experiences, lack of information, and stigma or embarrassment. Additionally, the  lack  of a diverse mental health care workforce, absence of culturally informed treatment options, and stereotypes and discrimination associated with poor mental health may also contribute to limited mental health treatment among Black and Asian adults. Specifically among Asian people , cultural attitudes  towards  mental health  are a factor that may lead to both lower reporting of mental health concerns and lower service utilization.

Adults with insurance coverage are more likely to report past year receipt of mental health care than adults without insurance coverage (25% vs. 11% in 2022, Figure 5). Despite higher utilization of mental health care over time – driven by insured adults – challenges remain with accessing services. For instance, KFF’s 2023 Consumer Survey found that 43% of insured adults with mental health concerns said there was a time in the past year when they did not get the mental health treatment they thought they needed, and 45% gave their insurance a negative rating for the availability of mental health providers. Further, KFF’s 2023 Employer Health Benefits Survey found that among employers offering health benefits, a higher share reported having a sufficient number of primary care providers in their plan’s networks (91%) compared to those who reported having a sufficient number of behavioral health care providers (67%).

This work was supported in part by the Well Being Trust. KFF maintains full editorial control over all of its policy analysis, polling, and journalism activities.

• Mental Health
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• The Share of Young Adults Who Received Mental Health Treatment Jumped 45% from 2019 to 2022, the Largest Increase Among Any Age Group

Also of Interest

• Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Mental Health Care: Findings from the KFF Survey of Racism, Discrimination and Health
• Recent Trends in Mental Health and Substance Use Concerns Among Adolescents
• Gaps in Mental Health Care for Asian and Pacific Islander People and Other People of Color

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Mental health is "a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully and is able to make a contribution to his or her community." Several barriers to mental health care make it difficult for everyone to achieve their best mental health. APHA supports efforts to improve access to care and put mental health on par with physical health.

The Affordable Care Act expanded mental health coverage, made it illegal to deny insurance coverage for people with pre-existing conditions, including mental illness, and expanded parity. Parity means health plans must put mental health and substance abuse treatment on equal terms with other medical and surgical care. APHA supports parity as a step toward equity in health and treatment. We also speak out about the need for improved access to mental health care to help address such problems as gun violence and suicide .

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To achieve true parity in mental health coverage and access to care, policymakers at the state and federal levels should:

• Enact comprehensive parity laws in all states.
• Support stricter enforcement, transparency requirements and implementation.
• Push states to have a definition of "medical necessity" that puts a priority on clinical practice and uses a behavioral health treatment model.
• Fund, train and provide mental health parity navigators to detect parity violations and work with insurance companies to bring their plans into compliance.
• Fund and invest in research relating to evidence-based practices surrounding parity implementation and parity policy standards for insurance companies.
• Provide incentives for those entering and working in the mental health field.

Community members and consumers should:

• Be educated about mental health parity and your state laws surrounding parity requirements.

Public health agencies should:

• Put programs and policies in place that surround education of parity, insurance plans and mental health.
• Encourage public health professionals to be well-versed in mental health and substance abuse care.

Addressing mental health and well-being in the time of COVID-19:

• A Guide for Health Systems to Save Lives from “Deaths of Despair” and Improve Community Well-Being
• Mental Health Action Guide to Stem the Mental Health Crisis from COVID-19
• A Guide to Promoting Health Care Workforce Well-Being During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic

Check out our recorded webinar: " Making the Connection: Climate Changes Mental Health "

Learn more about APHA's Mental Health Section .

Visit APHA's suicide topics page . 

Find more at mentalhealth.gov and from the National Institute of Mental Health . Also, the non-profit organization Affordable Colleges Online offers guides on Mental Health in College .

Cumulative Effect of Racial Discrimination on the Mental Health of Ethnic Minorities in the UK

Disparities in Mental Health Referral and Diagnosis in the NYC Jail Mental Health System

Unequal Burdens of Loss: Examining the Frequency and Timing of Homicide Deaths Experienced by Black Men Across the Life Course

Mental Health Recovery in Patient-Centered Medical Homes

Brief Intervention and Follow-Up for Suicidal Patients With Repeat Emergency Department Visits Enhances Treatment Engagement

Mental Illness, Mass Shootings, and the Politics of American Firearms

Mental Health Treatment Patterns Among Adults With Recent Suicide Attempts in the United States

Aggressive Policing and the Mental Health of Young Urban Men

Community Violence Perpetration and Victimization Among Adults With Mental Illnesses

Read more at AJPH.org

Some of the APHA policy statements about mental health:

• Removing Barriers to Mental Health Services for Veterans
• Support for Social Determinants of Behavioral Health as Pathways for Integrated and Better Public Health
• Reduction of Bullying to Address Health Disparities among LGBT Youth
• The Need for Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services for the Incarcerated Mentally Ill
• Public Health Impacts of Job Stress
• Understanding and Responding to Health and Substance Abuse Treatment Needs of Persons With Severe Mental Illness
• Accountability in the Provision of Health and Welfare Services to Persons With Mental Illness
• Rights Protection Within the Public Mental Health System
• Mental Health is an Essential Part of Comprehensive Health Care Programs

Some articles about mental health featured in The Nation's Health :

• Grassroots mental health training effort shines in Philadelphia
• WHO: Global shortage of mental health workers a barrier to care
• Addressing stigma, disparities in minority mental health
• Research: Mental health parity still lacking for Americans
• Parity law has increased use of mental health, substance use care
• President's plan to reduce gun violence includes key mental health provisions

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• Published: 08 August 2024

Country and culture, mental health in context

Nature Mental Health volume  2 ,  pages 877–878 ( 2024 ) Cite this article

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Much of psychiatry, psychology and mental health broadly has been dependent on the notion that people are predominantly similar or simply by neglecting diversity. Yet there are powerful influences related to one’s national or country identity, race and ethnicity, community and cultural heritage that speak to a far more complex and dynamic reality. Reflecting on these factors in the context of research is not only a challenge but a profound opportunity to spur future work and to improve care and treatment for individuals.

In the wake of US President Joe Biden dropping out of the 2024 presidential race, the internet has come alive with news stories, social media posts and humor generated by this monumental decision. But one meme has stood out, featuring the presumptive Democratic candidate, Vice-President Kamala Harris. She recounts one of her mother’s favorite turns of phrase to describe young people’s tendency to neglect the influence of previous generations, “You think you just fell out of a coconut tree? You exist in the context of all in which you live and what came before you.”

Although Harris was referring to family and economic opportunities, it is an apropos sentiment to apply to health, as well as mental health. Social and cultural forces have long been hypothesized to shape concepts of self, expressions of self and self-regulation. Although ‘country’ identification can be conflated with a predominant culture artificially circumscribed by borders, it confers at least some level of connectedness to a certain set of customs, beliefs and norms. Not surprisingly, the idea that one’s country or cultural contact can shape an individual has been part of scholarly discourse for centuries among theologians, philosophers and anthropologists. At a fundamental level, understanding the human condition and mental health requires the discussion of culture.

The nuanced ways in which a country or culture may interact with an individual’s biology alongside institutional and structural factors warrant prominence in theoretical models of mental health and risk of developing mental health disorders. Contemporary frameworks that incorporate social determinants of mental health include cultural components and can highlight the potential additive effects of culture in shaping an individual’s experience. The extent to which someone is likely to engage in help-seeking behavior for a mental health condition can be predicated on cultural or community norms. For example, as a group, Asian Americans are less likely to utilize mental health services. The experience of stigma around mental health issues is often magnified in eastern cultures, where an individual’s behaviors and health can reflect on their familial lineage. By contrast, there are culturally salient factors, such as one’s proficiency in English language or feminine gender, that can serve to lessen stigma and promote contact with mental health providers.

Although there can be major barriers to accessing mental health care prompted by cultural influences, access itself is subject to community and country-level constraints, including funding for compensating providers, training for specialized care for certain groups, and coverage for medication and treatment. Culturally competent or responsive care, which is designed to involve stakeholders and representation from community members, integrates components of mental health care that may be outside of more medicalized treatment and can include religion, spirituality or the arts, and relies on active dismantling of impediments to receiving treatment, such as increasing access to telemedicine or group therapy. Improving the quality and accessibility of mental health care also incorporates a broad view of culture and cultural needs in the sense that individual mental health is woven together with intersectional identity and community — for example, being a woman, identifying as LGBT+, or immigration status. The complexity of identity and culture make one-size-fits-all mental health approaches obsolete and inadequate.

The August 2024 issue of Nature Mental Health includes several pieces that highlight some of the ways in which country setting or culture can influence mental health. In their Perspective , Toffol et al. discuss recent country-level developments in the programs for one of the most vulnerable groups, children of parents with a mental illness (COPMI). The authors discuss some of the key lessons learned from intervention programs aimed at COPMI, including European projects in Germany, Denmark and Austria. The authors outline specific barriers and problems, and propose facilitators and recommendations to identify affected children as early as possible, and provide culturally responsive and interconnected mental health care for people who have often been underserved.

Australia’s Emerging Minds program is another national strategy that trains professionals to identify, assess and support COPMI with a cultural lens. In addition to specific programming for children, the project oversees training and resources for practitioners, families and researchers that specifically focus on children’s mental health. People of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander heritage in Australia have long experienced racial discrimination associated with negative physical and mental health consequences. Emerging Minds incorporates training pathways that encompass unique cultural experiences, drawing on spiritual and cultural concepts and tenets, the interaction with social, legal and political frameworks in Australia, and considers the intergenerational trauma that affects families and communities.

In an Article , Agarwal et al. report an association between stock market fluctuations and mental and physical health effects, providing another vantage point to appreciate the potential influence of culture and country context. Tracking daily market returns alongside visits to emergency rooms at three of the largest hospitals in Beijing over a four-year period (2009–2012), stock market declines were linked to significant increases in emergency room visits for stress-related issues, including cardiovascular disease, mental health concerns and alcohol abuse. Notably, older adults and men were the groups most affected by these fluctuations.

Although these data are considered ‘historical’ (which can probably apply to most data collected before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic), they provide unique insights into the Chinese cultural context and the potential mental health effects of economic volatility in a developing country. Much of the previous work in this area was conducted in high-income countries, where a greater proportion of individuals sampled were seasoned investors. By contrast, investors in the time frame assessed in Beijing were more likely to be novices who were interacting with a less sophisticated and less stable market, underscoring the immediacy of stress-related responses. These findings suggest that economic shock and volatility can be considered substantial public health concerns, even more so for resource-limited individuals in developing countries

Health systems data from different regions or countries can also reflect ‘natural experiments’, such as emergency room visits prompted by disasters or crises. With so much scrutiny in recent years on overdose deaths, rising stimulant prescriptions and mental health diagnoses, hospital admissions data can often provide insights into current versus previous timepoints in an epidemiological landscape. In their Article , Xing et al. look at hospital admissions in the USA over more than a decade, using weighted National Inpatient Survey data from 2008 to 2020. The authors report a 10.5-fold increase in mental health disorder-related hospital admissions with concurrent methamphetamine use. Hospital admissions related to mental health disorders increased only modestly during this period (1.4-fold), but these data point to the enormous burden on US hospital systems presented by the increased methamphetamine use — a phenomenon that differentially affects North America.

These are just a few examples of research where culture or country setting may enhance the interpretation of the results or provide additional background, and it is vital that more work is done specifically in cultural mental health research, and also to better understand the specific structures and institutions within country and regional mental health care systems. Nature Mental Health takes a keen interest in work that describes and documents mental health care systems internationally. By presenting and discussing for whom and how mental health care is organized and delivered, and by disseminating shortcomings and achievements, we move closer to better treatment, improved access, training and outcomes. The contexts and what came before us do not have to limit mental health care, but instead can inform and determine where we go next.

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Country and culture, mental health in context. Nat. Mental Health 2 , 877–878 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44220-024-00305-2

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• Published: 24 July 2024

Mental health preparedness and response to epidemics focusing on COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study in Iran

• Khadijeh Akbari 1 , 2 ,
• Armin Zareiyan 3 ,
• Arezoo Yari 4 , 5 ,
• Mehdi Najafi 6 ,
• Maryam Azizi 7 &
• Abbas Ostadtaghizadeh 1  

BMC Public Health volume  24 , Article number:  1980 ( 2024 ) Cite this article

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During epidemics, the number of individuals whose mental health is affected is greater than those affected by the infection itself. This is because psychological factors have a direct relationship with the primary causes of the disease and mortality worldwide. Therefore, an increasing investment in research and strategic actions for mental health is essential globally, given the prevalence of infectious diseases.

The aim of this study was to elucidate and describe the strategies for mental health preparedness and response during epidemics, with a focus on the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran.

A qualitative study was conducted in Iran from 2022 to 2023. Purposeful Sampling was employed, continuing until data saturation was achieved. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews and observational notes with 20 managers and experts possessing expertise, experience, and knowledge in mental health. Ultimately, the participants' opinions, based on their experiences, were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method with a conventional approach, resulting in the categorization of data into codes, subcategories, and categories.

The study revealed participants' opinions and experiences, categorized into two overarching categories: Preparedness, Policy-Making, and Planning Strategies (with four subcategories), and Response Strategies (comprising thirteen subcategories).

The opinions and experiences of managers and experts in this study revealed that an appropriate mental health response during pandemics requires preparedness before the occurrence of such crises and the implementation of suitable response strategies after the occurrence. Managers, policymakers, and decision-makers in this field should pay attention to the solutions derived from the experiences of such crises to respond more preparedly in the future.

Peer Review reports

Mental health is an essential component of human well-being that can be significantly impacted during pandemics and epidemics [ 1 ]. Communicable diseases, especially those requiring isolation and quarantine, pose substantial risks to individuals' mental health. Anxiety, stress, depression, and grief are common mental health issues experienced during and after the outbreak of a disease [ 2 ]. During the Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa during 2014–2016, significant mental health challenges were reported among the affected population [ 3 ]. The recent emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has created conditions that have exacerbated many factors that can weaken mental health. Before 2020, mental disorders were among the leading contributors to the global burden of disease, with depression and anxiety disorders being the primary factors [ 4 ]. During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, the global prevalence of these disorders increased by 25% [ 5 ]. As observed in previous studies on other severe epidemics, the overall impact of a pandemic on mental health is not transient and is likely to persist for a long time even after the pandemic has ended [ 6 ]. Unpredictability [ 7 ], lack of preparedness, inconsistencies in guidelines, quarantines, containment strategies, unemployment, financial losses, physical distancing, isolation, chaos, uncertainty [ 8 ], ease of access to communication strategies and transmission of sensational misinformation and disinformation [ 9 ] are among the factors that lead to increased emotional distress, anxiety, and depression [ 8 ].

While health emergencies have been a recurring aspect of human history, the global community found itself unprepared for the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic [ 7 , 10 ]. According to a World Health Organization survey, the pandemic disrupted or halted mental health services in 93% of the world's countries, coinciding with a rising demand for mental health support [ 11 ]. The longstanding prevalence of mental illnesses has posed a persistent public health challenge. In the United States, the provision of high-quality healthcare services faces formidable challenges attributed to various gaps in the mental health care system. These gaps include disparities in treatment, elevated drug prices, fragmented systems, ineffective policies, structural issues, workforce shortages, limited access, and financial barriers. The urgency to address these gaps has intensified, particularly in light of the escalating mental health issues stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic [ 8 ].

The sudden outbreak of public health crises always presents significant challenges for the mental health care system. Effective management of communicable disease pandemics such as COVID-19 requires approaches that encompass various aspects affecting outcomes. Timely provision of mental health care during epidemics is crucial, with interventions tailored to different stages of the epidemic, including during and after the outbreak [ 12 ]. Policy decisions should prioritize reinforcing community-based care, providing support, enhancing capacity for public mental health research, ensuring easy access to healthcare services [ 8 ], and effectively supporting healthcare providers.As highlighted in Irandoost et al. [ 13 ], understanding the experiences, challenges, and adaptation strategies of healthcare providers is essential for improving mental health response during such crises [ 13 ].

The Islamic Republic of Iran has accumulated significant experience in providing social and psychological support during disasters over the past two decades. For example, in response to the inevitable mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, various measures were implemented nationwide. At the onset of the virus outbreak, the predominant feelings among the population were anxiety, worry, and confusion. The Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOH) initiated several coping strategies to address stress and tension in society. These strategies included training healthcare workers in primary healthcare systems and establishing a helpline to increase access to care. Collaboration with other governmental sectors, such as the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) and social media networks, was employed to ensure the efficient dissemination of information. Lessons learned from managing mental health issues during emergencies, particularly amid the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasize the importance of adopting a dynamic approach to address community mental health needs effectively [ 14 ].

Public mental health efforts aim to enhance disaster response [ 7 ] and integrate mental health interventions into global preparedness and response programs [ 15 ], informed by scientific evidence and cultural considerations. Further research is required to develop psychological interventions for improving mental health outcomes [ 16 ]. Qualitative studies, by exploring perspectives and experiences, facilitate a deeper understanding of phenomena. Our qualitative approach captured nuanced experiences and response strategies during the epidemics, providing insights not easily uncovered through quantitative methods. This study highlights the challenges and response strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. The insights gained can guide future policies and interventions for similar crises. The researchers' experience in mental health and disaster response emphasizes the importance of integrating mental health support into preparedness plans and adopting a dynamic approach to community mental health needs during and after epidemics. The aim of this study was to elucidate and describe the strategies for mental health preparedness and response to epidemics focusing on the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran.

Materials and methods

A qualitative study was conducted employing the content analysis method to elucidate and describe strategies and programs related to mental health preparedness and response to epidemics, with a focus on the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran during 2022–2023. Content analysis is a systematic method aimed at achieving depth and breadth in describing phenomena, leading to valid interpretations of information and the generation of new insights. It is particularly suitable for exploring individuals' experiences and perspectives on specific topics. In this study, conventional content analysis was used, wherein categories are derived concurrently with the analysis of interview text, allowing researchers to gain a better understanding of the phenomenon under study [ 17 ].

Participants and setting

To ensure the maxim of variation, participant selection was purposeful, aiming to include individuals with diverse experiences and expertise relevant to the primary phenomenon or key concepts under investigation. The study encompassed managers, experts, and individuals with experience in mental health during epidemics and the COVID-19 pandemic, representing various academic and executive environments within responsible organizations. These organizations included the Ministry of Health, Social Welfare Organization, Psychiatric and Psychological Scientific Associations, municipalities, Iranian Red Crescent Society, National Disaster Management Organization, universities, and private sector entities. The exclusion criterion of unwillingness to participate helped maintain the integrity of the sample.

Coordination with potential participants was established through telephone communication, and their inclusion in the study was contingent on their willingness to participate. Selection criteria were based on knowledge, expertise, experience, and organizational affiliations, ensuring participants played active roles in policymaking, decision-making, service delivery, implementation, monitoring, and supervision in the mental health field. Additionally, input from academics was sought due to their valuable insights derived from studies in this field. Data collection continued until theoretical data saturation was achieved, indicating that no further data could be obtained. Deliberate selection of participants with varying opinions ensured diversity in the sample.

To ensure transparency and mitigate potential conflicts of interest during the interviews, participants were explicitly informed that their responses would be treated confidentially and would not impact their professional roles or affiliations. Furthermore, efforts were made to maintain impartiality throughout the interview process, emphasizing that their input would solely contribute to research findings and not influence their work. Informed consent was obtained from all participants as part of the research process. Privacy of information (including names, interview recordings, and transcripts) was strictly maintained, and coding was used instead of names to ensure confidentiality. Participants had the right to withdraw from the study at any time, and the option to share the results upon request was provided to them.

Data collection

To collect the data, coordination and pre-scheduled appointments were made either in the workplace of the participants or virtually, and in-depth individual interviews were conducted with them. The semi-structured interviews were conducted using an interview guide. Initially, two unstructured interviews were conducted to determine the main interview outline and complete the interview guide questions. All interviews were conducted individually to ensure that participants could freely share their experiences and perspectives without influence from others.

At the beginning of the interviews, participants were provided with an explanation of the study's objectives. The interviews commenced in a friendly environment with several general questions, such as introducing themselves. They were then asked if they had experienced responding to mental health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic. If a participant had relevant experience, they were requested to describe it. Subsequently, the interviews continued with the following main questions:

How would you describe your positive and negative experiences in this field? In order to provide mental health response strategies, what issues and challenges have you encountered? Please describe them. What solutions do you employ to deal with these challenges? Please give an example. Based on your experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, describe the actions that the healthcare system should take in response to mental health issues during epidemics.

All interviews were audio-recorded with permission. Furthermore, the researcher (KH.A.) took notes during the interviews to gather the data more comprehensively. Data analysis was conducted simultaneously with data collection.

Data analysis

The data were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method proposed by Graneheim and Lundman [ 18 ]. At the end of each interview session, in the first phase, the recorded interviews were listened to several times, and transcripts were created, incorporating verbatim accounts. Prior to analysis, in the second phase, the transcripts were read multiple times to familiarize the researchers (KH.A. and A.Y.) with the interviews. In the third phase, to the analyze the interviews, the transcripts were broken down into the smallest meaningful units and codes. These initial codes were then compared with each other, and similar codes were categorized into subcategories. Furthermore, by continually comparing the subcategories and based on their relevance and similarity, these subcategories were placed within the main categories, which contained the main themes and were somewhat abstract. To confirm the codes, the text was read multiple times (KH.A. and A.Y.). A third researcher (A.O.T.), with higher academic and executive expertise, refined the codes and categories in the final stage. Content analysis was performed on the data written in the Persian language before translation manually.

Trustworthiness

The trustworthiness of a qualitative research study relies on the rigor of the methodology [ 18 ]. Four criteria for evaluating qualitative research are credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability [ 19 ].

For credibility, the researcher ensured trustworthiness and acceptability of the data through long-term and continuous involvement with the environment and participants, allocating an average duration of 10 months to data collection and analysis. All interview transcripts and analysis stages were reviewed by two expert individuals experienced in qualitative research, who provided initial coding. A third researcher refined the codes and categories in the final stage, incorporating supplementary comments. Additionally, interview transcripts were returned to some participants for feedback, with corrections made accordingly.

"Dependability" refers to the stability and reliability of data over time and under similar conditions. To assess dependability, an external audit was conducted by an individual with expertise in the field. Specifically, an external auditor with a PhD in health psychology, familiar with disaster-related research, reviewed the data to ensure consistency and reliability in its interpretation.

"Transferability" in qualitative research refers to how the findings of a study can be applied to other contexts or populations. To enhance transferability in this research, the researcher employed various strategies, including simultaneous data collection and analysis, ensuring coherence between research questions and methods, comparing results with other studies, providing a step-by-step report of each research stage, and involving a diverse spectrum of participants. This approach ensures that the findings are relevant to a broader audience beyond the specific study environment.

"Confirmability," which relates to the accuracy of all stages of research and the transparency of the research method, signifies the need to ensure that the findings are derived from the data and not influenced by the researcher's biases or preconceptions. In this study, rigorous measures were taken to maintain the accuracy and transparency of all research stages. Detailed documentation was conducted, encompassing the processes of data collection and analysis, as well as the researcher's notes and interpretations. This meticulous record-keeping aimed to provide interested readers with the ability to align the study with their own contexts and utilize it effectively.

In this study, a total of 20 participants took part, comprising 8 females (40%) and 12 males (60%). The mean age of the participants was 48.5 years, ranging from 35 to 64 years. Educational backgrounds varied, with one participant holding a master's degree and one possessing a postdoctoral degree. The remaining participants were medical specialists with doctoral degrees (Table  1 ). Due to geographical distances, interviews with three participants were conducted virtually. The interviews lasted 45 to 60 min, with an average duration of 52 min. All interviews were conducted in Persian. The study was conducted between August 2021 and June 2022.

By analyzing the participants' interviews, their experiences were categorized into two main categories and 17 sub categories (Table 2 ).

Policy-making, planning, and preparedness

This category encompassed all the actions that need to be taken in advance to reduce damage and ensure necessary preparedness in the field of mental health during epidemics. This main category composes four subcategories as follows:

Mental health governance

The participants identified the governance of mental health as one of the effective strategies for an appropriate response. With mental health governance, the goals of the organization and the appropriate structure for achieving those goals, along with relevant laws and regulations, are established. Mental health should govern all levels and dimensions of the health-related organizations, and the impact of psychological factors on individual and societal health should be recognized as a priority. For example, participant number 5, a health psychologist, stated:

"Absolutely, prioritizing mental health in health policies and programs is crucial for overall well-being. Raising awareness about the risks of neglecting mental health among relevant authorities is essential. Collaboration between the Ministry of Health and other agencies, along with the utilization of economic, social, and other resources, can help in effectively governing mental health. It's important to work together to ensure the mental well-being of individuals in our society."

By incorporating these insights, organizations can develop comprehensive strategies that not only address immediate mental health needs but also build resilience against future epidemics. This collaborative approach ensures that mental health remains a central focus in public health planning and response efforts.

Policy-making and laws

Developing transparent policies and laws for mental health during epidemics is considered a strategy for reducing damage and preparing for an appropriate response. The participants emphasized the need for clear policies. Participant number 11, a clinical psychologist, stated: "There should be transparent policies in the field of mental health during health crises, and this issue should be promoted in all health policies of the country, and clear laws should be formulated."

These policies should outline specific protocols and responsibilities for various stakeholders, ensuring a coordinated and efficient response. By having clear, established laws, mental health interventions can be systematically implemented, and resources can be allocated more effectively, ultimately enhancing the overall resilience of the healthcare system during epidemics.

The participants emphasized the importance of planning for an appropriate response during the preparedness phase as one of the crucial elements. Participant number 4, a specialist in health in disasters and emergencies, expressed the following:

"A comprehensive response plan should be considered before the outbreak of communicable diseases. Given the limitations of resources, planning should be done with a full understanding of capacities and infrastructure. Preparedness actions should be taken to provide an appropriate response during epidemics."

Proper planning ensures that mental health services are seamlessly integrated into the overall health response, addressing both immediate and long-term needs. This proactive approach helps mitigate the impact of the epidemic on mental health, providing structured and timely support to affected individuals and communities.

Training and exercise

Training and exercising preparedness programs before the occurrence of major epidemics are essential for an appropriate response, and they were among the proposed solutions by the participants. Participant number 15, a Psychiatrist, stated:

"Training of personnel and conducting exercises for mental health programs before the outbreak of communicable diseases is necessary so that all responsive organizations can function effectively. Training and practical exercises should be updated to maintain a high level of preparedness for personnel and organizations."

By engaging in continuous training and exercises, organizations can ensure that their teams are well-prepared to handle the psychological impacts of epidemics, providing timely and effective support to those in need. This proactive approach helps build resilience and ensures that mental health responses are integrated seamlessly into the broader epidemic response efforts.

Response strategies

This category represented the solutions provided by the participants for an appropriate mental health response during epidemics, including:

Command and leadership

Participants expressed the essentials of commanding in responding to emergency situations. The presence of unified leadership is crucial for integrated management, providing a framework for various organizations to work effectively together and synchronize their actions. Participant number 1, a specialist in health in disasters and emergencies, expressed:

"Unified command and leadership are necessary during the response phase. The Ministry of Health should be the leading authority for mental health in our country, and all collaborating organizations should operate under its leadership, ensuring sufficient authority. The incident command structure should be activated during the response phase to ensure coordination among all organizations."

Effective command and leadership not only streamline the decision-making process but also ensure that all organizations involved in the response are aligned in their efforts, thereby enhancing the overall effectiveness of the mental health response during epidemics.

Human resources

The participants identified the human resources management and organization as the most critical principle for an appropriate response. They emphasized the importance of supporting responders during the response phase. Participant number 6, a clinical psychologist, stated: "Healthcare workers have been under difficult conditions, with heavy and continuous work shifts, restrictions on interactions with family and friends, and concerns about contracting and transmitting the virus, causing them to endure significant pressure. Taking measures to ensure an adequate workforce for service delivery, appropriate work shifts, and providing equipment to maintain the safety of employees are crucial. Managers should attend to the various physical and psychological needs of responders."

Ensuring the wellbeing of healthcare workers not only helps in maintaining their efficiency but also prevents burnout, thereby improving the overall response to mental health challenges during epidemics.

Financial resources

Provision and organization of financial resources were highlighted as essential elements of the response strategies, emphasizing the need for provision of financial resources and their equitable distribution. Participant number 20, a specialist in health in disasters and emergencies, stated:

"In the realm of mental health, given its costliness, there is a need for financial provision and investment. To achieve maximum efficiency with minimal harm, there must be equity in allocating both large and small-scale resources." Moreover, Participant number 10, as a health psychologist, said:

"It is essential to take seriously the provision of insurance coverage for mental health services in the country, ensuring that it leads to a reduced financial burden on the public. Additionally, supporting the private sector, which provides mental health services, and addressing their concerns are also crucial." Ensuring that financial resources are adequately provided and equitably distributed is vital for maintaining the continuity and quality of mental health services, especially during crises.

Infrastructures

The participants emphasized the need to strengthen and enhance the existing infrastructure of community mental health for the provision of mental health services during the response phase. Participant number 2, a psychiatric nurse, expressed:

"Increasing capacity is crucial during epidemic response. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) possess significant capacities at the grassroots level. These capacities can be utilized for educating the public and leveraging their capabilities and resources in times of response."

Moreover, Participant number 6, a clinical psychiatric, said: "It is essential to utilize and strengthen the existing infrastructure for delivering the intended services, and there is no need to create new structures. For instance, considering the valuable presence of the Primary Health Care (PHC) structure in our country, it is necessary to strengthen mental health services in primary healthcare."

Utilizing and enhancing existing infrastructures ensures a more efficient and coordinated response to mental health needs during epidemics, leveraging already established systems and resources. This approach maximizes the effectiveness of response efforts by utilizing the capacities already present within organizations and communities.

Monitoring and research

The participants emphasized the significance of both conducting research and monitoring mental health across all phases—pre-epidemic, epidemic, and post-epidemic—as crucial response strategies, including the establishment of centralized monitoring centers and the utilization of electronic health records. These measures can facilitate real-time monitoring of mental health indicators and trends, allowing for timely interventions and adjustments in response strategies. Participant number 13, a Psychiatrist, highlighted the necessity of robust mental health surveillance systems, stressing the importance of effective monitoring mechanisms. He stated:

"It is necessary to strengthen mental health surveillance systems for various societal groups by the Ministry of Health. These systems should include robust mechanisms for monitoring mental health indicators and trends, such as electronic health records and centralized monitoring centers. With an awareness of the mental health status of individuals in society and the factors influencing it, more informed decisions can be made for mental health responses during epidemics. Additionally, the evaluation of implemented programs and the ability to make adjustments if necessary are essential components of effective monitoring." Furthermore, Participant number 14, an emergency medicine specialist, stated:

"Epidemics have various effects on the mental health of the population. Extensive research should be conducted in this area, focusing on effective interventions for the mental health of the population and their effectiveness… Existing knowledge should be transferred and applied."

Investing in robust monitoring and research frameworks ensures ongoing assessment and adaptation of mental health responses across different phases of epidemics. By leveraging centralized monitoring centers and electronic health records, timely interventions can be implemented, addressing emerging mental health trends effectively.

Collaboration and coordination

The responsible participation of all sectors and coordinated utilization of all capacities in mental health response during epidemics were highlighted as crucial strategies by the participants. Participant number 3, a health psychologist, expressed:

"All sectors involved in mental health response, including the government, supporting groups, NGOs, Farzanegan Foundation, retirement homes, etc., should engage and participate. However, this participation of various organizations should not lead to conflicts. Coordination needs to be strengthened at a macro level, and contradictions in decision-making should be resolved. Sometimes, different decisions were made in managing the COVID-19 pandemic in our country, causing confusion and concern among the people."

Ensuring effective collaboration and coordination among diverse sectors is crucial to avoid conflicts and enhance decision-making coherence during epidemic responses.

Identification of vulnerable groups and individuals

The participants believed that one of the most important actions is to pay attention to vulnerable groups. For example, participant number 17, a specialist in health in disasters and emergencies, stated:

"Resources and necessary infrastructure should be considered to support vulnerable groups. Identifying and tracing vulnerable and at-risk groups for service provision and follow-up is crucial. We should strive to provide automated services to these segments. For example, we currently have a significant number of bereaved families who have lost their loved ones. Do we have any plans in place for them?"

Ensuring targeted support and services for vulnerable populations can enhance epidemic response effectiveness .

Mental health services

The participants emphasized that providing mental health services is one of the most crucial actions in the response phase. They underscored the necessity for delivering services that are safe, affordable, and timely. Participant number 7, a psychiatrist, stated:

"In the response phase, mental health services should be upgraded and expanded in terms of personnel, equipment, and space to increase public access to mental health services. Initial psychological aid should be provided, and services must be tailored to meet specific needs. New intervention models should be developed, and spaces for simply listening to people's concerns should be established. Free counseling centers within the community should be expanded. The privacy of individuals should be preserved and a sense of security should be ensured in receiving services ." Ensuring the affordability and accessibility of mental health services is crucial to meet the diverse needs of the population during epidemics.

Communication and information management

Timely and accurate communication and information management are the key solutions that contribute to maintaining mental health. Participant number 9, a specialist in health in disasters and emergencies, stated:

"Providing accurate and timely information is crucial during epidemics for the mental health of the community. Offering timely and accurate information and raising awareness among the public helps reduce the psychological impact of receiving various rumors. During an epidemic, combating misinformation is also vital, and it requires proper and effective communication. For example, we observe that misinformation leads to public confusion and prompts deviation from health guidelines, such as wearing masks or seeking appropriate treatments. At times, vaccine hesitancy due to misinformation has been evident." Furthermore, Participant number 19, an infectious disease specialist, said:

"A unified electronic mental health information system aids in mental health management. There should be a mechanism for accessing the required data, and the information from mental health records at health centers should be integrated and consolidated. Accurate data and statistics assist us in providing better responses." Ensuring secure and efficient communication channels during epidemics is essential for disseminating accurate information and countering misinformation effectively.

Public education and cultural promotion

Participants considered education and cultural initiatives as essential for preserving and enhancing mental health during the response phase. Participant number 8, a Clinical Psychologist, stated:

"One important solution is to provide empowerment educational packages to the public. Psychological training should be given to teach people how to take care of themselves. Providing education on lifestyle skills, self-care, self-awareness-based training, problem-solving, and emotional management to the general public is beneficial. Essentially, people should be informed about what has happened, what reactions exist, what the future holds, and where to access services."

Education and cultural promotion play a crucial role in fostering resilience and understanding among the population during epidemics, promoting proactive mental health practices and reducing stigma associated with seeking help.

Employment of technology, tools, and tele-psychiatry

The utilization of technology in various dimensions of mental health during the response phase to epidemics of communicable diseases was identified as highly practical and essential. Participant number 12, a health Psychologist , stated:

"The use of technology in the field of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic was strongly emphasized, and it is necessary to strengthen telemedicine in the field of mental health (screening, treatment, etc.). Remote psychological interventions using the Internet and smart phones will help us to provide better responses in the future. For example, by utilizing these technologies, we can create support groups, facilitate discussions, and provide an outlet for individuals to express their feelings."

Leveraging technology, including telemedicine and digital platforms, enhances accessibility to mental health services, supports remote psychological interventions, and fosters community engagement and support during epidemics.

Social support

Paying attention to social support and gaining the trust and participation of the public were mentioned as effective response strategies. Participant number 16, a Clinical Psychologist, stated:

"Responsible engagement of the public significantly contributes to improving the mental health of the society during epidemics. It is essential to strengthen the spirit of social solidarity and, through sincere interactions, build their trust." Fostering social support networks and promoting community solidarity are crucial for enhancing mental well-being and resilience during epidemics.

Economic support

Financial and economic support for individuals affected by pandemics was also among the proposed solutions by the participants. Participant number 18, a Clinical Psychologist, stated:

"Supporting individuals who lose their jobs or face economic hardships due to pandemics should be a priority, as job and financial insecurities can have negative impacts on mental health."

Ensuring adequate economic support for affected individuals is essential for mitigating the psychological impact of economic uncertainties during pandemics.

Numerous solutions exist for mental health preparedness and response during pandemics. However, among studies related to this topic, a few have provided a comprehensive examination of these solutions. Through content analysis of the results of this study, a relatively comprehensive set of effective strategies in enhancing mental health preparedness and response during epidemics was compiled from the perspectives of individuals with experience in participating in this domain (Fig. 1 ).

Participants' experiences of key strategies for mental health preparedness and response during epidemics

Policy-making, planning, and preparedness strategies

The present study delved into policy-making, planning, and preparedness strategies for mental health, underscoring their critical importance prior to major epidemics to ensure readiness for an effective response.

In this study, we emphasized that mental health should consistently be a top priority for national health-related organizations. Mental health governance is highlighted not only as a fundamental human right but also essential for societal well-being, given the significant global burden of mental health disorders [ 8 ]. Recommendations stress the need for strong leadership and governance in mental health, involving active participation from public health advocates and governments to develop comprehensive policies and response programs [ 6 , 8 ]. Effective governance, planning, supervision, and accountability are crucial for achieving organizational goals [ 20 ]. The Iranian Constitution guarantees healthcare rights for all citizens, and the national mental health program, initiated in 1986 and expanded since, illustrates ongoing efforts to integrate mental health services nationwide [ 21 ]. Although attention has been paid to mental health strategies in Iran's national disaster preparedness programs in the recent years, it is necessary to pay attention to specific solutions in the pandemics and to implement them. It is suggested to develop a pandemic specific mental health preparedness plan based on the national disaster preparedness plan.

To address mental health preparedness and response during pandemics like COVID-19, participants stressed the importance of policymaking and legislation. Previous research has also emphasized the need for comprehensive policies and legal frameworks [ 22 ]. These include interventions such as national mental health support plans, increased political commitment, and strategies tailored to pandemic-induced mental health impacts [ 23 , 24 ]. Furthermore, there is consensus on the necessity of prioritizing mental health in epidemic responses. This involves enhancing mental health services, research, education, and allocating more budgets [ 25 ]. For instance, McCartan et al. [ 26 ] highlighted the importance of policy responses for mental health improvement, stressing the need for further research [ 26 ]. However, challenges remain in effectively implementing mental health policies during pandemics. More research is necessary to assess policy efficacy and identify areas for improvement. Comparative analyses with studies from other regions can offer valuable insights into best practices and strategies for addressing these challenges.

In our study, planning emerged as a crucial strategy for effective response before major epidemics. Healthcare systems bear the responsibility of planning for emergency response [ 27 , 28 ]. However, many lack comprehensive plans to enhance capacity and deliver healthcare services during emergencies [ 27 ]. This resonates with prior research emphasizing proactive planning for epidemics and disasters [ 29 ], alongside implementing prevention programs and advocating for tailored initiatives [ 6 ]. Integrating mental health interventions into public health preparedness and emergency response plans is essential for addressing epidemics effectively [ 15 ]. This study suggests that although mental health programs have been integrated into Iran's primary health care system, it is necessary to prepare the primary health care system to provide comprehensive mental health services in pandemics through a proactive approach.

This study showed that it is necessary to invest more in education and training to provide mental health services in pandemics. The study participants emphasized training and exercise as vital components of preparedness programs for mental health response during epidemics. This aligns with existing literature highlighting the significance of disaster preparedness in reducing community harm [ 30 ]. Training and exercise are recognized as essential aspects of disaster preparedness efforts [ 31 ]. Similarities exist between managing epidemics and other natural disasters, underscoring the importance of drafting emergency scenarios, implementing preventive measures, and conducting training and drills. Furthermore, engaging efficient human resources, promoting public participation, and employing Community-Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) principles are critical [ 27 ]. The World Health Organization (WHO) advocates for prioritizing healthcare professional training for disaster response as a national and local priority, irrespective of a country's disaster experience [ 32 ]. Incorporating real-life scenarios into training programs is also essential for effective education and learning [ 33 ]. Our findings resonate with previous studies, emphasizing the importance of training and exercise in disaster preparedness for effective mental health response during epidemics.

Another noteworthy discovery in our study pertains to the strategies associated with the response phase of mental health during epidemics.

The results showed that although in Iran the united commanding of health is under the responsibility of the Ministry of Health, in practice, various organizations operate without coordination with national policies and programs. Implementing different programs with different approaches will not only not help people, but will cause them more confusion and anxiety. Participants highlighted the necessity of a unified and centralized command structure during epidemic response. This initial response phase necessitates the establishment of a robust command and control system to minimize uncertainty by efficiently processing information and mitigating unknown variables [ 34 ]. The response strategies adopted by different countries or regions are significantly influenced by their priorities and contextual conditions [ 27 ]. Notably, the implementation of an incident command system (ICS) has proven effective in managing the COVID-19 pandemic, facilitating improved communication, resource allocation, and overall safety measures [ 35 ]. The ICS framework aims to streamline command and control operations for swift and effective disaster response. Cook [ 36 ] demonstrated the efficacy of ICS implementation during the COVID-19 crisis, emphasizing its ability to mobilize personnel, assess situations, and develop comprehensive response plans. Despite its limitations, ICS provides a structured approach for disaster planning and response [ 36 ]. The examination of previous experiences, particularly with COVID-19 in Iran, sheds light on the relevance and effectiveness of the incident command system (ICS) as proposed by our contributors [ 37 ]. Evaluating the applicability and efficiency of ICS in the current context is crucial, considering its potential role in managing future epidemics and disasters. Iran's experience in COVID-19 showed that the monitoring, supervision and accountability of judicial institutions can play an effective role in the implementation of the incident management system by the Ministry of Health.

The high volume of providing mental health services during the pandemic usually is beyond the capacity of the existing mental health human resources. This causes them to experience fatigue and premature burnout. Lack of problem solving skills and mental resilience in these people and emotional actions aggravate this problem. It means that during pandemics like COVID-19, effective management of human resources is crucial for mental health response strategies. Participants emphasized the importance of supporting responders, addressing their psychological and educational needs, and mobilizing adequate personnel during the response phase. Studies have highlighted the heightened stress, fatigue, and psychological distress among healthcare workers due to increased workloads and risks during the COVID-19 pandemic [ 25 , 38 ]. Consequently, there is a strong emphasis on providing social and psychological support for frontline workers, including targeted psychosocial support programs [ 39 ]. Recommendations from a study by Jahanmehr and colleagues (2022) underscore the necessity of planning for psychological counseling and providing welfare facilities to alleviate psychological pressures on healthcare staff [ 40 ]. Training programs aimed at enhancing healthcare workers' mental health knowledge and skills are also essential [ 41 ]. Furthermore, strategies such as strengthening the mental health workforce, optimizing roles, and maximizing existing resources are critical components identified in the literature [ 22 , 29 ]. This study suggests that it is necessary to mobilize other human resources for this action in addition to strengthening the mental health workers' abilities.

It is clear that for the implementation of a program, it is necessary to allocate funds and financial resources. In addition, insurance coverage of mental health services is one of the programs that should be considered. Participants in this study stressed the critical need for financial resources, emphasizing that allocating funds to cover mental health expenses is essential during epidemics. The World Health Organization suggests that countries respond by increasing budgets and enhancing personnel capacity for mental health services amid the COVID-19 pandemic, anticipating heightened pressure on national and international mental health services soon [ 11 ]. Molebatsi et al. [ 23 ] highlighted the importance of investing in psychological support services and integrating them into national healthcare systems [ 23 ]. Therefore, policymakers are urged to prioritize mental health services and research by paying attention to policies, budgets, and the allocation of financial resources, considering the long-term impact of pandemics on mental well-being [ 41 ]. Additionally, advocating for public budget support to ensure access to mental health treatments is recommended [ 15 , 42 ]. It should be noted that not allocating enough funds to mental health programs will multiply short-term and long-term mental impacts caused by epidemics.

Another essential component of mental health response during epidemics is strengthening mental health infrastructure. While prioritizing the development of mental health infrastructure is critical, particularly in low- and middle-income countries [ 24 ], our study emphasizes the necessity of integrated healthcare systems. Such systems should effectively bridge the gap between physical and mental health, ensuring accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and seamless integration of mental health services into primary care [ 25 , 39 , 43 ]. As highlighted in previous research, there's a growing recognition of the importance of integrating mental health services into primary care settings to enhance their reach and reduce stigma [ 39 ]. It's crucial to acknowledge the establishment of a public response telephone system like the 4030 system during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. The Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Iran has launched a psychological assessment platform to provide additional support for mental health initiatives. Additionally, recognizing the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and their contributions during emergencies in Iran is essential for understanding the comprehensive response to such crises.

The results of this study emphasized that in addition to the surveillance systems for infectious diseases, health systems need to establish mental health surveillance systems. The importance of monitoring mental health before, during, and after epidemics was underscored by participants as a key response strategy. Evaluation and monitoring of the mental/psychiatric conditions of affected populations should be part of the intervention in the early stages of a pandemic and extend beyond, incorporating programs to monitor mental health for sufficient responsiveness to anticipated mental health issues [ 10 ]. Additionally, supporting the continuity and sustainability of monitoring after the acute phase of an epidemic is crucial, as mental health issues may persist or emerge later [ 25 , 44 ]. While our study highlights the significance of this aspect, it's essential to consider practical solutions for monitoring and supervision, especially in the context of Iran. Drawing from global experiences, successful initiatives such as those observed in European countries, where electronic health records (EHR) were utilized to track mental health trends during the COVID-19 pandemic, offer valuable insights. These initiatives involved collecting data on new episodes of depression or anxiety, prescription patterns, and healthcare visits related to mental health issues [ 45 ]. Implementing similar mechanisms in Iran could provide a robust framework for monitoring and addressing mental health concerns during and after epidemics. Additionally, integrating pre-pandemic data with longitudinal follow-up assessments, as demonstrated in other studies, can offer unique insights into vulnerabilities and inform targeted interventions [ 46 ]. By leveraging international experiences and adapting successful strategies to the Iranian context, we can enhance our capacity for monitoring and addressing mental health needs throughout epidemic situations.

Research complements monitoring efforts by providing valuable insights into mental health trends and responses during epidemics. It serves as a crucial tool for understanding the effectiveness of monitoring strategies and informing targeted interventions. Participants underscored the critical need for attention to research, emphasizing the importance of increasing investment in mental health research. This investment can generate evidence to guide the development and implementation of effective mental health policies and programs [ 23 ]. Furthermore, conducting studies in various subgroups and prospective studies to assess changes over time can deepen our understanding of social and psychological responses. Additionally, examining the impact of social media and past experiences regarding disease outbreaks can provide valuable insights into developing more targeted interventions [ 47 , 48 ].

The participants emphasized the importance of the participation of various sectors and coordination among them as strategies during the response phase of epidemics. In the study by Molebatsi et al. [ 23 ], enhancing the collaboration and participation among different sectors and stakeholders involved in mental health was highlighted to ensure a comprehensive and coordinated response to the mental health needs of individuals and communities affected during the COVID-19 pandemic [ 23 ]. Beckstein et al. [ 49 ] also emphasized collaborative efforts. The results of this study highlighted the importance of collaboration among mental health professionals, healthcare providers, policymakers, and social organizations for developing comprehensive strategies and programs to address mental health needs during the outbreaks of communicable diseases [ 49 ]. In this regard, the comprehensive approach implemented in China for an effective mental health response, which is coordinated and facilitated through various systems, including government, academic societies, universities, hospitals, and non-profit organizations, is noteworthy [ 42 ].

Identification and attention to vulnerable groups in terms of mental health constitute another response strategy during epidemics. Various studies have emphasized supporting vulnerable groups [ 23 , 24 , 41 , 49 ]. Since specific populations may be disproportionately affected by the mental health impacts of epidemics, targeted interventions for vulnerable populations, including children, adolescents, older adults, individuals with pre-existing mental health conditions, and marginalized communities, are necessary [ 39 ]. Efforts to provide targeted mental health support in vulnerable populations may include ensuring access to mental health services, addressing social determinants of mental health, promoting equity in healthcare [ 43 ], identifying individuals susceptible to mental disorders, and implementing measures to maintain and improve their mental health [ 50 ].

Many studies have shown that it is not possible to improve mental health without education, inter-sectorial coordination and public participation. Based on this, investing in community-oriented measures and facilitating Community Based Organizations, and other community groups for mental health interventions should be given serious attention by health managers and policy makers. It is crucial to strengthen community-based mental health services to ensure accessibility and responsiveness to the needs of individuals and communities [ 23 , 24 , 51 ]. Mental health services should be community-based, evidence-based, accessible, fair, and proportionate to the existing mental health capacity [ 6 ]. Various studies have emphasized the importance of psychological first aid and the provision of necessary educational programs in this regard [ 25 ]. Implementing routine protocols for screening and assessing mental health, early intervention, and appropriate referral for treatment [ 39 ], raising awareness among the general population and healthcare providers about clinical manifestations of the disease for early diagnosis [ 47 ], establishing multidisciplinary mental health teams, creating safe counseling services with better access for disadvantaged individuals, and implementing mechanisms for monitoring, reporting, and intervening in suicides have also been mentioned [ 10 ]. Furthermore, the need to maintain the continuity of mental health services is emphasized, and access to psychological assistance should be available whenever needed, with sensitivity to specific arrangements related to the pandemic [ 47 ].

During epidemics, effective communication and information management regarding mental health are crucial. Providing accurate information from credible sources helps reassure the public and prevents the spread of rumors [ 50 ]. Governments and health authorities should promptly address misinformation, ensuring public security and psychological well-being [ 52 ]. Access to up-to-date information about the disease spread is vital as emphasized by Chew QH and colleagues (2020) [ 47 ]. Strategies such as limiting news consumption, avoiding misinformation, and relying on credible sources are recommended [ 9 ]. Establishing a robust health information management system is necessary for monitoring mental health care in communities [ 15 ]. Furthermore, researchers can leverage artificial intelligence for predictive models and community-based interventions, focusing on developing innovative digital solutions for information systems to enhance mental health communication during crises [ 6 ].

Public education and awareness-building about mental health are crucial during epidemics [ 22 , 24 , 25 , 41 , 53 ]. Initiatives include anti-stigma awareness programs, educational campaigns, and self-care strategies to reduce stigma and promote coping techniques [ 39 , 47 ]. Recommendations encompass promoting positive behaviors, engaging in physical activities, and seeking professional help when needed [ 2 , 54 ].

Technology and telemedicine play a vital role in mental health response, with a focus on digital interventions and remote services [ 24 , 29 , 55 ]. Teletherapy and online mental health services offer effective alternatives to in-person treatment, ensuring continuous access to support during quarantine [ 25 ]. Decision-makers should prioritize the development of digital strategies for mental health care, considering factors like social inequalities and digital divides. Telemedicine and digital psychiatry hold promise for future disaster response, but improvements are necessary [ 10 ].

Social support is a vital aspect of mental health response during epidemics [ 39 , 41 , 47 , 54 , 56 ] Community-centered programs and initiatives, including virtual support groups, online forums, and helplines, enhance social connections and reduce isolation [ 39 , 41 ]. Utilizing technology and social media facilitates communication and fosters optimism for coping with the epidemic [ 47 ]. Clear communication between authorities and the public is crucial at the policy level of healthcare [ 54 ]. Building public trust horizontally among people and vertically between the public and their institutions is recommended [ 56 ]. Additionally, emphasis is placed on building resilience through community participation and social psychological support [ 29 ]. Community resilience is essential for pandemic preparedness [ 7 ] and strengthening the healthcare system [ 50 ].

Economic support is crucial in the mental health response to epidemics, addressing socio-economic inequalities and supporting vulnerable populations [ 15 , 57 ]. McGrath et al. [ 57 ] highlighted the importance of mitigating financial hardships resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic to improve mental health outcomes. Social determinants of health, such as economic status, can be modified through community-focused interventions, including services like debt advice, food insecurity interventions, and active labor market programs [ 57 ]. Maulik et al. [ 6 ] also emphasized the need for support from civil societies and employers to cope with the increasing mental pressure [ 6 ].

Considering the qualitative nature of our study, it is essential to acknowledge several limitations. Firstly, due to challenges in accessing all individuals involved in mental health during the crisis, our sample size was small, which limits the generalizability of our findings. Additionally, conducting some interviews virtually may have impacted the depth of data collected compared to face-to-face interactions. Moreover, the participants were predominantly from psychology and psychiatry backgrounds, potentially leading to a skewed perspective and overlooking viewpoints from other stakeholders, such as the broader community. Including diverse perspectives could have enriched our study and provided more comprehensive insights. These limitations underscore the importance of replicating our findings in different settings to validate the proposed strategies and enhance mental health preparedness for future crises and community well-being.

Effective management of epidemics necessitates the implementation of tailored mental health responses. This requires a concerted effort from policymakers, managers, and decision-makers within the mental health domain to prioritize comprehensive planning, education, research, and the development of technological infrastructure. Drawing from the invaluable lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is crucial to guide the implementation of training programs, guidelines, and resource allocation based on these experiences. The insights and experiences of managers and experts in mental health, rooted in their expertise and knowledge, have significantly influenced the conclusions of this study. These contributions enrich the healthcare system with invaluable resources, empowering us to enhance epidemic response strategies significantly.

Availability of data and materials

The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank all study participants who gave us their precious time.

This study was funded by the Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The authors appreciate the financial support of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences in IRAN.

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Khadijeh Akbari

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Armin Zareiyan

Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

Arezoo Yari

Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

Department of Rescue and Relief, Iran Helal Applied Science Higher Education Institute, Tehran, Iran

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AOT, KHA and AZ researched the background for the project and AOT, KHA, AY, MA and MN contributed in performing study. AY, MA, MN and KHA analyzed and interpreted the data. AY, KHA, AOT and AZ edited the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Abbas Ostadtaghizadeh .

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In this research, which was part of a doctoral dissertation, the study protocol received approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Additionally, the Ethics Committee of the same university granted approval for this research under the ID IR. TUMS.SPH.REC.1401.190. Informed consent was obtained from the participants, and confidentiality of information (including names, interview recordings, writings) was maintained, with the use of codes instead of names. The participants had the right to withdraw from the study at any time, and the possibility of sharing the results was available upon request by the participants.

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Akbari, K., Zareiyan, A., Yari, A. et al. Mental health preparedness and response to epidemics focusing on COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study in Iran. BMC Public Health 24 , 1980 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19526-2

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19526-2

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226 Hot Public Health Thesis Topics For Top Grades

Are you stuck trying to get the best current public health research topics for thesis and writing it? If yes, know you are not alone. A lot of students find the tasks challenging, but we are here to help. Keep reading our informative guide that demonstrates how to prepare an engaging public health paper.

We will also highlight hot 226 health policy topics for paper and other public health ideas for dissertation that you can use for top grades. Why settle for less when we can help you select the best college or university papers?

What Is Public Health?

Before looking at the top public health statistics undergraduate thesis topics or other public health research ideas, let’s start with the definition. So, what is public health?

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), public health is “the art and science of preventing diseases, helping to prolong life and promote health using organized efforts. Good examples of public health efforts include preventing outbreaks, educating the public on health choices, promoting fitness, preparing for emergencies, and avoiding the spread of infectious diseases. Public health

How To Write A Great Public Health Dissertation

If you are a graduate or masters student, one of the most comprehensive documents that you need to prepare is the dissertation. It is an expansive paper and comes at the end of your course. Remember that you need to ensure it is prepared well because a team of professors will ultimately evaluate it. So, here are the main steps that you need to follow to prepare a high quality dissertation:

Identify the topic of study Comprehensively research the topic and identify the main points to support it Develop the thesis statement for the dissertation (this thesis will ultimately be tested after gathering your data) Develop an outline for the dissertation. This guide should tell you what to write at what specific instance. Here is a sample outline: Topic of the study Introduction. Start with the thesis statement, followed by the objectives of the study. Then, the rest of the introduction should be used to set the background for the study. Literature review: Review relevant resources about the topic. Methodology: Explain the methodology that was used during the study. Is Results and analysis: Provide the results gathered during the study. Discussion and conclusion: Here, you should discuss the study results and demonstrate whether they approve or disapprove the thesis statement. If you found any gaps in the previous studies, highlight them too and call for further studies. Bibliography: This is a list of all the resources you used to prepare the paper. Write the first draft following the outline we have just listed above. Write the final copy by refining the first draft, proofreading, and editing it.

Awesome Public Health Thesis Topics

Here are the leading thesis topics in public health for top grades. You can use them as they are or tweak a little to suit your preference.

Public Health Thesis Topics In Mental Issues

• What is the role of public health in addressing mental issues in society?
• Seasonal affective disorder: A review of the disorder’s prevalence rates.
• Society should always listen to the needs of mentally ill persons.
• Eating disorders in adults: A review of the treatment strategies used for adults in the UK.
• What is the relation between climate change and emerging public health issues?
• Comparing depression prevalence rates in the UK to those of the US.
• What are the main causes of anxiety disorders in society?
• A review of the connection between HIV/AIDS and mental health issues in society.
• Running a public health facility: What is the most important equipment?
• Emerging public health issues in developing countries.
• Analyzing the psychological problems of breast cancer.
• What strategies should people use to prevent their mental health from social media dangers?
• A review of the public health benefits associated with active lifestyles.
• Stress: Why is it a major risk factor for mental health in many communities?
• What are the most common mental health issues in society today?
• Comparing the rates of depression and stress in China and the UK.
• Addressing anxiety-related disorders: Is cognitive-behavior therapy the best treatment method?
• A review of the economic burden of living with a person suffering from anxiety disorders.
• How does depression impact the quality of life?
• Comparing training of public health officers in the US to India.

Unique Research Topics In Public Health

• Surrogacy: A review of associated ethical issues.
• Prevalence of medical errors in hospitals: A review of the policies used to prevent the problem in the United States.
• Blood transfusion: What are the side effects?
• A review of doctors’ roles in promoting healthy lifestyles.
• Maintaining healthy body weight: Comparing the effectiveness of the recommended methods.
• A review of organ donation trends in Europe and Asia.
• Analyzing the ethical factors around cloning: When should it be allowed?
• The ethics of human experimentation.
• Comparing the rates of heart attacks in women to men in the United States.
• What are the main causes of heart attacks? Can it be prevented?
• Progress in diabetes studies and treatment: Is it possible to get a cure in the future?
• Biological weapons and their impacts on society: A review of the Leukemia rates in Japan.
• Pre-diabetes in children: What are the main symptoms, and how can it be addressed?

Public Health Paper Topics On COVID-19

• How will COVID-19 change life?
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of self-isolation?
• Life lessons that you learned during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• What challenges has your community faced during COVID-19 pandemic?
• School life during COVID-19 pandemic.
• A review of mass media operations during pandemic.
• What projects did you undertake during the pandemic?
• A review of projects that your community undertook during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• A closer look at the backlash against Asians in Europe at the start COVID-19 pandemic period.
• Preparing for the next pandemic: What lessons did the world learn from the COVID-19 pandemic?
• The best strategies for staying healthy during a pandemic.
• Is there anything that we could have done to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic?
• Comparing the effectiveness of Europe and American healthcare preparedness for tackling disasters.
• A review of mental health status in a community of your choice during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• A review of COVID-19 emergence theories: Which one do you think is more credible?
• Comparing the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic to Ebola.
• Vaccines development for viral infections: What made the development of the COVID-19 vaccine possible so fast, whereas that of HIV/AIDS has taken so long?
• A review of the vaccine development process.
• Time for review: How effectively do you think your government responded to the COVID-19 pandemic?
• Rethinking public health on a global scale: Demonstrating why effective healthcare is only possible when looked at globally.

Interesting Public Health Research Topic Ideas

• What is the importance of learning public health in school?
• Identify and review a common public health issue in your community.
• The history of human health: Comparing what was considered healthy in ancient times to what is referred to as healthy today.
• Going vegan: How can it impact your health?
• Excessive weight: Is it the new threat to human civilization?
• Is bodybuilding healthy?
• Body positive: Is it a new health standard or ignorance of body issues?
• Things to consider when selecting healthy food to eat.
• Why psychological health should be part of every community in society.
• The health of newborns: What is the difference between their healthcare and that of adults?
• Emerging trends in the healthcare industry: How can the latest trends benefit society?
• Comparing depression and anxiety in two countries of your choice.
• Physical wellness must include healthy behavioral patterns and nutrition.
• A sense of belonging is paramount to personal and community health.
• What is the relationship between spirituality and public health?
• A review of stigmatization of mental health issues in a community of your choice.
• Is it possible to prevent depression?
• At what point should children start learning sex-related education?
• Comparing the two main public health issues in two cities: London and New York.
• What is the relationship between poverty and public health?

Hot Researchable Topics In Public Health

• The resurgence of measles in society: The best guidance for clinicians.
• Tackling the growing national drug problem.
• Bioterrorism preparedness for global disasters.
• A review of recent vitamin D recommendations for older adults.
• Strategies for maintaining maternal mortality at low levels across the globe.
• Efforts by Asian governments to reduce infections from using unsafe water.
• Over-the-counter drug abuse in Europe: Compare two countries of your choice.
• Health care providers’ roles in preventing bullying in society.
• Knowledge management in the UK healthcare organizations.
• The health benefits of good healthcare waste management.
• Characteristics of dental wastes in hospitals.
• Comparing the most prevalent public health issues in developed and developing nations.
• Latest trends in financing public health.
• The relevance of clinical epidemiology in public health.
• Evidence based public health.
• Epidemiological burden of HIV/AIDS in developing countries.
• Addressing cervical cancer in developing countries: Is it possible to eliminate it completely?
• Ethics in public health clinical research.
• Comparing the strategies used in teaching and motivating public health professionals in developing and developed countries.

Research Topics In Public Health For Masters

• Advertising and impacts on food choices in the community.
• The use of stem cell technologies for cancer treatment: What are the latest trends?
• Bio-printing: Is it the future of organ transplants?
• Nutrition education: How does it promote healthy diets?
• Exercising: What role does it play in promoting strength and balance in the elderly?
• Weight loss surgery: What are the key advantages and disadvantages?
• Heart disease is a major public health issue in society.
• Alternative strategies for treating depression in society: Are they effective?
• Healthcare leadership and its importance in public health.
• Legal aspects of public health care in the society.
• Mental disabilities in patients: A review of the emerging trends in the UK.
• How does the United States promote the development of public health?
• Inequalities in medicine: What impact does it have in public health?
• The most controversial issues in public health in the UK.
• What are the most preferred storage systems for medical supplies in the UK public health facilities?
• Reimagining the public health systems on the globe: Where do you see the UK health system in the next 20 years?

Top Thesis Topics In Dental Public Health

• Common oral health issues in Ireland.
• A review of common problems of endodontically treated teeth.
• The role of good leadership skills in dental education.
• Child management techniques between male and female practitioners.
• What role does ergonomics play in dentistry?
• Dental material and bio-engineering: What are the latest trends?
• A review of the relationship between diabetes and oral health in the society.
• The role of electronic health care record systems used in public health.
• Comparing dental health issues in the developing and developed countries.
• A review of public awareness of dental health issues in a community of choice.
• How can you ensure that all the food you buy is safe and healthy?
• What strategies are used by your local health community to promote dental awareness?
• Dental health management in California: What do you think should be done differently?
• Are you satisfied with the strategies used to address dental issues?

Hot Thesis Topics Public Health

• Mandatory overtime work for medical staff: How does it impact their commitment to their job?
• Nursing shortage and its impact in public health.
• Strategies for improving public health in the EU.
• Mental health issues among asylum seekers in the United States.
• Common mental issues among veterans returning from war: A case study of the United States.
• What functions does management play in healthcare settings when handling key public health issues?
• How poor relationships between nurses and doctors can impact public health services delivery.
• Third-party players in public health and their roles.
• Financial reporting standards in public health facilities.
• What is the correlation between revenue collection in society and the quality of patient services?
• Reviewing the coordination of public health officials during disasters.
• The importance of staff training on quality of health services.
• Comparing the differences between alternative medicine and conventional medicine in addressing public health issues in society.
• Obesity: What are the main causes in child-going age?
• A review of health consequences of caffeine.
• Medical marijuana: What are the main pros and cons?
• A review of the US Farm Bill Amendments that legalized use of cannabis in the US.
• Doing sports: Is it always healthy?
• Low-fat or low-carb diet: Which one is better in addressing overweight and diabetes issues?
• Preventing communicable diseases: Evaluating the prevention strategies used in Asia.
• What is the estimated cost of treating heart problems?

Controversial Public Health Dissertation Topics

• Smoking and impacts of current efforts to address cancer in the society.
• A review of the main causes of heart attacks in society today.
• Tobacco ads: Evaluating their impacts and the relationship to the current cancer trends in the society.
• Sleep disorders: Explain why they should be considered a public health issue.
• Staffing shortage and the impacts in fighting COVID-19 pandemic in Asia.
• Analyzing risk management of treating different diseases in the community.
• COVID-19 pandemic in numbers: Comparing the infection rates in the developed and developing countries.
• Reviewing strategies used in the US public health system to achieve equity: How effective are they?
• Analyzing the main challenges in the UK medical care system.
• Rising cases of suicides in the society: What are the main causes?
• A comprehensive review of strategies used to prevent suicides in the 21st century in the US.
• Use of vaccines to prevent diseases: Do adults still need the vaccines?
• Heat-related deaths: What strategies should be adopted?
• Chronic-diseases prevention: Comparing the strategies used in developing and developed countries.
• Are we becoming too dependent on antibiotics in fighting diseases?
• Opioid crisis: Are the doctors to blame for it?
• Use of blockchain in growing accuracy of clinical trials in medicine.
• What dangers are posed by nuclear wastes in society?
• Assessing US industrial facilities compliance rates to cut down emissions.
• Using clean energy as a strategy of improving public health: What are the expectations?
• What is the healthiest country?
• Evaluating the correlation between gaming and deviant behavior among children in society.
• COVID-19 could have been prevented if WHO was more vigilant?

Public Health Research Questions

• Is the high cost of medical healthcare in the United States justified?
• What is the correlation between poverty and poor health in society?
• Should health care for homeless people be free?
• Unconventional medicine: Should it be part of the UK healthcare system?
• Should doctors be responsible for medical errors?
• Should medical officers or health facilities be allowed to promote selective medical products?
• Should all healthcare facilities in the UK be required to have translators for non-English speaking clients?
• Mental health issues associated with domestic violence: A case study of France.
• Is it a good idea to legalize euthanasia?
• What are the benefits of using surgical masks in public?
• What are the most important lessons from the different waves of the COVID-19 pandemic reported on the globe?
• Who is more responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic?
• Ebola or COVID-19 pandemic: Which is worse?
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Prevalence of Depression Among Undergraduate Medical Students in India: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis

Gitashree dutta.

1 Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, IND

Navin Rajendran

2 Paediatrics, Dr. Sampurnanand (SN) Medical College, Jodhpur, IND

Tarun Kumar

3 Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, IND

Shoban B Varthya

Vinoth rajendran.

Background: Systematic reviews have proved that there is a high rate of depression among medical students when compared with their age-matched peers. Very few studies have evaluated the pooled prevalence of depression among medical students in India.

Objectives: To determine the pooled prevalence of depression among medical students in India.

Materials and methods: This review was done by searching databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus for available original articles published between 2019 and 2022 on depression among Indian medical (MBBS) undergraduate students using PRISMA guidelines.

Results: A total of 19 original research articles were included in this review, involving students at different medical colleges from various regions of India. The pooled prevalence of depression among 5944 medical students was 50.0% (95% CI: (31%-70%)) based on the random effect model. This meta-analysis also found that the pooled prevalence of depression among females (pooled prevalence: 38.0%, 95% CI: 20.0 to 58.0) was slightly higher than among males (pooled prevalence: 34.0%, 95% CI: 15.0 to 55.0).

Conclusion: The high prevalence of depression among medical students demands regular screening for depression along with counselling services. It shows that there is a need to raise awareness among students and other stakeholders, such as parents and medical educators, concerning symptoms and signs of depression among medical students.

Introduction and background

The World Health Organization (WHO) defined health as "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity", a definition relevant today [ 1 ]. Further, it is stated that "not depressed" is not the end goal as there is a spectrum of well-being, with the disease at one end and optimal well-being at the other. The World Health Organization recognizes mental health disorders as important causes of morbidity and disability, with depression as one of the leading causes of mental health disorders.

In 2016, the age-standardized prevalence of depressive disorders in South Asia was 3.9% (95% UI: 3.6 - 4.2%), 3.7% (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 3.4-4.1%) in Bhutan, 3.9% (95% UI: 3.6-4.2%) in India, 4.4% (95% UI: 4.4-4.8%) in Bangladesh, 3.0% (95% UI: 2.8-3.3%) in Pakistan, and 4.0% (95% UI: 3.7-4.3%) in Nepal [ 2 ]. Systematic reviews have proved that there is a high rate of depression or depressive symptoms (27.2%) among medical students when compared with their age-matched peers before the COVID-19 pandemic [ 3 , 4 ]. All people, including medical students, would benefit from being aware of where they are on the well-being spectrum and what they can do to climb up the spectrum. Students who experience depression also experience additional mental health issues like anxiety, burnout, substance abuse, and suicidal thoughts. Undergraduate students' mental health is a significant public health issue on a global scale [ 5 - 8 ].

The COVID-19 pandemic has taken a toll on the mental health of different individuals worldwide for various containment measures and the disease itself [ 9 ]. During the COVID-19 pandemic, college students are more prone to mental health disorders along with COVID-19 patients and medical personnel. Compared to other training programmes, medical education has the highest academic and emotional requirements. A systematic review and meta-analysis with research works published globally show depression prevalence of 37.9% among medical students [ 10 ].

The pooled prevalence of depression based on standard screening instruments among medical students in India was 40% before the COVID pandemic [ 11 ]. However, no studies have been conducted to date evaluating the effect of this healthcare crisis on medical trainees in India during the pandemic. This meta-analysis includes cross-sectional studies on depression among medical students in India to determine the pooled prevalence of depression among medical students in India.

Materials and methods

This study was completed following the PRISMA checklist [ 12 ], and it was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022331012) [ 13 ]. Before beginning the literature search, the study's framework was created using PRISMA criteria; after that, no changes were made.

Literature search

A systematic search was undertaken in three databases, namely PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus, for all the available articles published in the English language during 2019-2021 on the prevalence of depression amongst undergraduate medical students in India by two independent investigators. (Appendices 1) Based on the "PICOS" principle for formulating the search strategy, the search terms include "Depression", "Undergraduate students", "medical students", "undergraduate medical students", and "MBBS students". We have added relevant articles identified by several databases to the search using Rayyan software. It was also attempted to contact the authors of articles whose full texts were unavailable in the databases. Appendices 1 presents a comprehensive search strategy.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

The inclusion criteria were 1) Cross-sectional study design, 2) The study population was undergraduate medical students from India, 3) Assessing the prevalence of depression using a standardized instrument, and 4) The study period was from January 2019 to April 2022. The articles which did not state the information on the prevalence of depression or outcome data among the undergraduate medical students were excluded.

Study selection and data extraction

The studies were retrieved based on the search strategy discussed a priori. Multiple publications of the same study were identified and collated. Two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts to identify the studies that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Any disagreements were resolved by discussion or by a third reviewer. Data were extracted using a pre-designed spreadsheet from the studies which included the first author name, year of publication, study period, study setting, sample size, the instrument used for assessing depression, the total number of medical students, number of females, number of males, age (mean) of the student, prevalence of depression overall, and among male students and female students.

Quality assessment/risk of bias (ROB)

Using the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) Critical Appraisal tool for systematic reviews of prevalence studies, we evaluated the study's methodology which was shown in Table ​ Table1 1  [ 14 , 15 ]. The reviewers independently assessed the ROB using the Modified JBI criteria. In case of a mismatch of results, the discrepancies or disputes have been checked, and the reviewers came to a common opinion by discussing it with a third investigator. The evaluated articles were divided into three categories: high ROB (JBI score 49%), moderate ROB (JBI score between 50% and 69%), and low ROB (JBI score >70%) [ 16 ].

NA- Not available, ROB- Risk of bias

Data synthesis and analysis

In this meta-analysis, to determine the prevalence of depression among medical students, the pooled estimates with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using the random-effects model (DerSimonian-Laird method) due to high heterogeneity [ 17 ]. The forest plots have been used to determine the prevalence of pooled estimates. The estimation was calculated using MetaXL version 5.3 and an Excel spreadsheet. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. The Q and I 2 statistics were used as tests for heterogeneity. Q test with P < 0.10 was considered statistically significant heterogeneity and I 2 >75% was labelled as high heterogeneity [ 18 ]. This review used the Doi plot and the LFK index for publication bias. The double arcsine prevalence was taken as the x-axis for the funnel plot. Arcsine transformation was required with data with extreme values like 0 or 1. Otherwise, the confidence interval for the proportion could include values outside the range of 0 and 1, representing 0% and 100%. The y-axis of the graphic was set to the precision obtained from the inverse of Standard Error (SE). Doi plot and the LFK index for publication bias were used to validate the funnel plot's asymmetries. Values describe the publication bias over ±1 of the LFK index [ 19 ]. Sensitivity analysis was done to indicate the major determinant for the pooled prevalence of depression.

Study Characteristics

The initial search from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar yielded 3297 studies. Only 56 pertinent papers were reviewed for eligibility after removing duplicates based on the screening of titles and abstracts. Out of 56 papers, 19 articles were included in the quantitative synthesis after various publications were excluded for multiple reasons (Figure 1 ).

Table  1  shows the study characteristics of the included studies comprising study population, study setting, study tool, study period, sample size and number of depressed undergraduate students along with ROB [ 20 - 38 ].

The Pooled Prevalence of Depression

All the selected studies reported the prevalence of depression among medical students using different instruments for assessing depression. The prevalence of depression in the nineteen studies ranged from 16.0% to 100.0%. The pooled prevalence of nineteen studies, [ 20 - 38 ] 50.0% (95% CI: 31.0 to 70.0), was shown in Figure ​ Figure2 2 .

Minimal depression was seen in only four studies, [ 20 , 24 , 28 , 31 ] with a pooled prevalence of 28.0% (95% CI: 20.0 to 37.0) whereas mild depression was found in six studies, [ 24 , 27 - 30 , 34 ] with pooled prevalence of 14.0% (95% CI: 4.0 to 28.0). The pooled prevalence of thirteen studies that have found moderate depression was found to be 15.0% (95% CI: 11.0 to 19.0) [ 20 , 21 , 24 , 25 , 27 - 31 , 33 - 35 , 37 ]. The pooled prevalence of three studies that have found moderately severe depression was found to be 7.0% (95% CI: 3.0 to 12.0) [ 20 , 24 , 31 ]. Severe depression was seen in eleven studies [ 21 , 24 , 25 , 27 - 29 , 31 , 33 - 35 , 37 ] with a pooled prevalence of 5.0% (95% CI: 3.0 to 7.0), and extremely severe depression was found in five studies [ 21 , 25 , 34 , 35 , 37 ] with a pooled prevalence of 5.0% (95% CI: 2.0 to 11.0). Seven studies have seen the depression of undergraduate medical students among males and females. The pooled estimate of depression among the females (pooled prevalence: 38.0%, 95% CI: 20.0 to 58.0) was slightly higher when compared to males (pooled prevalence: 34.0%, 95% CI: 15.0 to 55.0). Subgroup analysis was calculated for the pooled prevalence of depression based on the instruments used for screening depression. It was found that the pooled prevalence of depression was 27.0% (95% CI: 23.0 to 31.0), 99.0% (95% CI: 96.0 to 100.0), and 37.0% (95% CI: 29.0 to 46.0) in Depression Inventory Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale respectively.

Heterogeneity and Publication Bias

The nineteen included studies were analyzed for heterogeneity and publication bias [ 20 - 38 ]. High heterogeneity was found in the analysis with the Q test (p <0.001) and I 2 statistics (I 2 = 99.6%). For publication bias, the Doi plot showed no asymmetry confirming the absence of bias (LFK index = 0.15) (Figure ​ (Figure3 3 .)

Sensitivity Analysis

The effect of each study (i.e. nineteen studies) [ 20 - 41 ] on the pooled prevalence of depression has been analysed by excluding each study step by step using sensitivity analysis (Table ​ (Table2). 2 ). It showed that in eight studies, [ 21 , 23 , 26 - 29 , 36 , 38 ] comparatively the prime determinants of the pooled prevalence of depression among undergraduate medical students and the major source of heterogeneity come from five studies [ 25 , 30 , 34 , 35 , 37 ].

Although it is of global public health concern, depression among medical students is still under-recognized and the associated discrimination and stigma deter most of the students from seeking help. Research done among medical students even before the pandemic were showing higher rates of depression and physical distress in comparison to the general population [ 3 - 9 ]. COVID pandemic may have further declined the mental health of all individuals, especially medical students.

This is one of the few systematic reviews and meta-analyses on medical trainees which has ventured into exploring the prevalence of depression amidst the COVID pandemic. It has incorporated 19 original articles published from 2019 to 2022 from medical colleges situated in different regions of India. These articles used various standard screening instruments such as Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 21), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) Scale, Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for screening depression. The pooled prevalence of depression among medical students (n=5944) was found to be 50.0% [95% CI: (31%-70%] based on a random effect model pertaining to high heterogeneity [Q test (p <0.001) and I2 = 99.6%]; the depression calculated in the various studies ranged from 16.0% to 100.0%. This pooled prevalence is higher than the pooled prevalence value of 40%, which was done before the COVID pandemic, as mentioned in a meta-analysis conducted by Dwivedi N et al. [ 11 ] In Jia Q et al. study, a meta-analysis done in 41 studies among medical students from different countries showed a high pooled prevalence of depression of 37.9% among the students. Comparatively, this meta-analysis has shown a higher prevalence among Indian medical undergraduates, slightly higher in female students [ 10 ]. This variation of the depression may reflect the trend of higher rates of depression in females in the general population [ 42 ]. The severity of depression has also been measured in various studies, though it is not uniform throughout the studies as different screening tools had different cut off for measuring depression. The pooled prevalence of depression in this review varied from 27.0% to 99.0% when stratified based on the study tools. Depression Anxiety Stress Scale was the most commonly used scale among the studies, followed by Patient Health Questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory.

According to this meta-analysis, one out of two students was found to have some degree of depression which is a concerning number. The prevalence has increased during the COVID pandemic compared to the prevalence before the pandemic since the pandemic itself may have a negative impact on the mental health of the students [ 11 ]. Further, it was also stated that it would increase the burden of depression in South Asian populations and healthcare systems [ 2 ]. There have been multiple explanations behind depression among medical students such as the challenging medical curriculum, lack of sleep and recreational activities due to vast academic tasks given, transition from a familiar to a non-familiar situation, lack of communication skills, etc. Several strategies can be implemented at different levels like changing the grading system, setting clear learning objectives to decrease academic burden, incorporating team-based learning and group activities rather than following traditional didactic lectures, self-directed learning so that students are aware of their shortcomings and promoting professionalism and communication skills for dealing patients properly. This pandemic had led to online teaching of medical students, [ 43 ] further, the effects of social distancing and self-isolation could have made the students more vulnerable to depression and anxiety [ 44 ]. This global health concern can also be taken care of using evidence-based structured programmes for mental upliftment like mindfulness therapy, life skill training, and counselling sessions can be kept for the students [ 45 , 46 ].

Strengths and limitations

The strengths of this study are that it has no asymmetry in the doi plot and is one of the few meta-analyses which has investigated the pooled prevalence of depression among the undergraduate students in India. Despite the strengths, this study has a few limitations like high heterogeneity and there might be a possibility of overestimation of the prevalence of depression because pooled prevalence has been calculated based on screening instruments and in various studies which are self-reporting and does not involve any clinical diagnosis.

Conclusions

The high prevalence of depression among medical students demands regular screening for depression along with counselling services. It shows that there is a need to raise awareness among students and other stakeholders, such as parents and medical educators, concerning symptoms and signs of depression among medical students. Further, effective strategies with health education programs and interventions may be given at individual, family, and community levels for providing mental health services to undergraduate medical students. Research with large sample sizes and multicentric longitudinal research is needed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for depression among medical students in India.

Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to Dr. Radhika Rajendran, B.tech, PhD., Assistant Professor, Madhav Institute of Science and Technology, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, for her valuable inputs.

The content published in Cureus is the result of clinical experience and/or research by independent individuals or organizations. Cureus is not responsible for the scientific accuracy or reliability of data or conclusions published herein. All content published within Cureus is intended only for educational, research and reference purposes. Additionally, articles published within Cureus should not be deemed a suitable substitute for the advice of a qualified health care professional. Do not disregard or avoid professional medical advice due to content published within Cureus.

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Study finds large gaps in mental health care for people with chronic pain

Millions of people with chronic pain fall into gaps in the mental health care system when it comes to treating symptoms of anxiety and depression, according to new research from the Comprehensive Center for Pain & Addiction.

A new University of Arizona Health Sciences study found that adults with chronic pain are more likely to experience symptoms of anxiety and depression than people without chronic pain, yet they access mental health care at lower rates and are less likely to have their mental health needs met in treatment. 

In 2021, approximately 51.6 million U.S. adults experienced chronic pain, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The study showed that while people living with chronic pain represent 20.4% of the U.S. adult population, they make up an estimated 55.5% of U.S. adults with clinically significant anxiety and depression symptoms. 

“People living with chronic pain may form a distinct population with special mental health care needs,” said lead author Jennifer S. De La Rosa, PhD , strategy director for the U of A Health Sciences Comprehensive Center for Pain & Addiction , which funded the study. “Improving outcomes for people with chronic pain will include connecting more people to mental health care, as well as increasing the availability of mental health care that is responsive to their needs.” 

Jennifer De La Rosa, PhD, is the strategy director for the University of Arizona Health Sciences Comprehensive Center for Pain & Addiction and an assistant research professor at the College of Medicine – Tucson’s Department of Family and Community Medicine.

Photo by Noelle Haro-Gomez, U of A Health Sciences Office of Communications

The paper, “The unmet mental health needs of U.S. adults living with chronic pain,” was recently published in the journal PAIN .

This study builds on previous Comprehensive Center for Pain & Addiction research that found 1 in 20 U.S. adults have a combination of chronic pain and symptoms of anxiety or depression, and adults living with chronic pain are approximately five times more likely to have untreated symptoms of anxiety or depression compared to those not living with chronic pain.

The new study examined the degree to which people with chronic pain and mental health symptoms accessed and benefitted from mental health treatment. The research team analyzed data from 31,997 people who participated in the National Health Interview Survey, which has been identified as the best single source for the surveillance of chronic pain.

Researchers identified chronic pain-associated disparities in three areas: the need for mental health treatment; the use of mental health treatment; and the success of treating anxiety and depression symptoms when mental health treatment was used.

They found that 43.2% of U.S. adults living with chronic pain – approximately 21.5 million people – had a mental health need. By comparison, mental health care needs were identified in only 17.4% of U.S. adults who do not have chronic pain.

Among all U.S. adults with mental health treatment needs, chronic pain was associated with a 40.3% reduction in the odds of using mental health treatment.

“For those with chronic pain, the narrative about what needs to be done to address mental health is qualitatively different than for those who don’t have chronic pain,” said De La Rosa, who is an assistant research professor in the  U of A College of Medicine – Tucson’s Department of Family and Community Medicine . “Improving health care for people with chronic pain includes not only connecting people to care, but also addressing a disproportionate failure to achieve relief, even in the context of caregiving."

Researchers found that when mental health treatment is used, U.S. adults with chronic pain are more than twice as likely as others to experience continuing anxiety or depression symptoms.  

The study team found that only 44.4% of people with chronic pain, an estimated 9.5 million people, used mental health services and had their anxiety and depression symptoms adequately treated compared with 71.5% of those without chronic pain. When mental health treatment was used, U.S. adults with chronic pain are more than twice as likely as others to experience continuing anxiety or depression symptoms. 

People living with chronic pain represent 20.4% of the U.S. adult population, yet they make up an estimated 55.5% of U.S. adults with clinically significant anxiety and depression symptoms.

“There are many possible reasons an individual with chronic pain might have suboptimal mental health experiences, including the accessibility of care and the feasibility of attending appointments,” De La Rosa said. “Additionally, few mental health providers are trained in chronic pain, so only a small percentage of people living with chronic pain are likely receiving mental health treatment that is designed to address their needs. By further examining the role chronic pain plays in our national mental health crisis, we have a potentially transformative scientific and policy opportunity to build the United States health care system’s capacity to address co-occurring chronic pain and mental health challenges.”

“This study identified a significant gap in meeting the mental health needs of people who live with chronic pain,” said senior author  Todd Vanderah, PhD , director of the Comprehensive Center for Pain & Addiction, Regents Professor and head of the  Department of Pharmacology  in the U of A College of Medicine – Tucson and a BIO5 Institute member. “Our goal at the Comprehensive Center for Pain & Addiction is to use this information to reimagine and transform health care for chronic pain. By recognizing and treating the co-occurrence of anxiety and depression symptoms and chronic pain, we can empower millions of people affected by pain to thrive.”

Other co-authors from the Comprehensive Center for Pain & Addiction include Medical Director Mohab Ibrahim, MD, PhD , professor of  anesthesiology  at the College of Medicine – Tucson and director of the  Chronic Pain Management Clinic ; Policy Director Beth E. Meyerson, PhD, MDIV , professor of family and community medicine at the College of Medicine – Tucson; and members Alicia M. Allen, PhD , associate professor of family and community medicine at the College of Medicine – Tucson; Kyle Suhr, PhD , associate professor of psychiatry at the College of Medicine – Tucson; and  Benjamin R. Brady, DrPH . Other co-authors are doctoral student  Katherine E. Herder and  Jessica S. Wallace , a program evaluator in the College of Medicine – Tucson’s Department of Family and Community Medicine.

Jennifer S. De La Rosa, PhD     Assistant Research Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine – Tucson Strategy Director, Comprehensive Center for Pain & Addiction

Todd Vanderah, PhD Director, U of A Health Sciences Comprehensive Center for Pain & Addiction Regents Professor and Head, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine – Tucson Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine – Tucson Professor, Department of Neurology, College of Medicine – Tucson Member, BIO5 Institute

Related Stories

Study shows millions of people live with co-occuring chronic pain and mental health symptoms

Phil Villarreal Uof A Health Sciences Office of Communications 520-403-1986, [email protected]

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Opening up new horizons for psychiatric genetics in the Russian Federation: moving toward a national consortium

Affiliations.

• 1 Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation. [email protected].
• 2 National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russian Federation. [email protected].
• 3 Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation.
• 4 Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation.
• 5 National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russian Federation.
• 6 Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.
• 7 Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation.
• 8 Federal State Educational Institution of Highest Education Bashkir State Medical University of Public Health Ministry of Russian Federation, Ufa, Russian Federation.
• 9 Laboratory of Biobanking and Genomic Medicine of Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.
• 10 Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany.
• 11 V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.
• 12 Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation.
• 13 Serbsky National Medical Research Center on Psychiatry and Addictions, Moscow, Russian Federation.
• 14 Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics, the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
• 15 Privolzhskiy Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation.
• 16 First Saint Petersburg Pavlov State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.
• 17 Federal State Scientific Budgetary Institution "Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine,", Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
• 18 National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation.
• PMID: 30664668
• PMCID: PMC6756082
• DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0354-z

We provide an overview of the recent achievements in psychiatric genetics research in the Russian Federation and present genotype-phenotype, population, epigenetic, cytogenetic, functional, ENIGMA, and pharmacogenetic studies, with an emphasis on genome-wide association studies. The genetic backgrounds of mental illnesses in the polyethnic and multicultural population of the Russian Federation are still understudied. Furthermore, genetic, genomic, and pharmacogenetic data from the Russian Federation are not adequately represented in the international scientific literature, are currently not available for meta-analyses and have never been compared with data from other populations. Most of these problems cannot be solved by individual centers working in isolation but warrant a truly collaborative effort that brings together all the major psychiatric genetic research centers in the Russian Federation in a national consortium. For this reason, we have established the Russian National Consortium for Psychiatric Genetics (RNCPG) with the aim to strengthen the power and rigor of psychiatric genetics research in the Russian Federation and enhance the international compatibility of this research.The consortium is set up as an open organization that will facilitate collaborations on complex biomedical research projects in human mental health in the Russian Federation and abroad. These projects will include genotyping, sequencing, transcriptome and epigenome analysis, metabolomics, and a wide array of other state-of-the-art analyses. Here, we discuss the challenges we face and the approaches we will take to unlock the huge potential that the Russian Federation holds for the worldwide psychiatric genetics community.

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Dr. Jones is an assistant professor in the School of Social Work at the University of Pittsburgh, and an interdisciplinary mental health services researcher focused on serious mental illness (SMI). Dr. Jones' work is grounded in her personal and family experiences of schizophrenia and associated experiences with public sector mental health services. She has been a steadfast champion of participatory methods and the integration and co-leadership of individuals and families directly impacted by psychiatric disability in research, policy, and implementation. She currently leads studies focused on early psychosis, community-based SMI services, civil commitment, and poverty and unemployment.

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The  Office for Disparities Research and Workforce Diversity is hosting a Disability, Equity, and Mental Health Research Webinar Series, which focuses on exploring the health disparities experienced by people with disability. These include disparities in mental health outcomes, which can be further compounded for those with intersecting identities. This webinar series brings together researchers, advocates, and people with lived experience to discuss the intersection of disability, mental health, and race and ethnicity. There will be a special emphasis on how disability intersects with other health disparities populations to contribute to mental health outcomes and ways to increase equity, accessibility, and inclusion and reduce disparities. Additionally, the series explores the notion of mental health conditions as a disability and considers the viewpoints of those with lived experience.

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• Volume 78, Issue 9
• Knowledge gaps in existing research exploring sexual fluidity and mental health among young adults
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• http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2156-4759 Pierre-Julien Coulaud 1 ,
• http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-5444 Travis Salway 2 , 3 , 4 ,
• http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1999-1134 Nick Adams 5 ,
• http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2722-7040 William Ball 5 ,
• http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7097-700X Joseph Larmarange 6 ,
• http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5749-4791 Michelle Kelly-Irving 7 ,
• http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1464-1584 Rod Knight 1 , 4 , 8
• 1 École de Santé Publique , Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Université de Montréal , Montréal , Québec , Canada
• 2 Faculty of Health Sciences , Simon Fraser University , Burnaby , British Columbia , Canada
• 3 British Columbia Centre for Disease Control , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
• 4 Centre for Gender and Sexual Health Equity , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
• 5 School of Nursing Midwifery and Paramedic Practice , Robert Gordon University , Aberdeen , Scotland
• 6 Centre Population et Développement (UMR 196 Université Paris Cité, IRD), SageSud (ERL INSERM 1244) , Institut de Recherche pour le Développement , Paris , France
• 7 Centre for Epidemiology and Research in Population Health (CERPOP) , Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier , Toulouse , France
• 8 Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP) , Montréal , Québec , Canada
• Correspondence to Dr Pierre-Julien Coulaud, École de Santé Publique, Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; pierre-julien.coulaud{at}umontreal.ca

While there is a large body of evidence indicating that sexual minority youth experience inequitably high rates of mental health problems (eg, depression, suicidality), we know little about how temporal changes in sexual attractions, identities and behaviour may impact mental health (and other) outcomes. In this essay, we review existing research regarding sexual fluidity and mental health among young adults in order to identify critical knowledge gaps with respect to an epidemiological understanding of the relationship between these factors. We describe three gaps that in turn inform a larger public health research agenda on this topic. First, there are a number of methodological challenges given that fluidity can occur over short or long periods of time and across multiple dimensions of sexual orientation (eg, attractions, identities and behaviour) with various patterns (eg, directionality of change). Tailored measures that accurately and inclusively reflect diversities of sexual fluidity trajectories are needed. Second, causal relationships between sexual fluidity and mental health remain uncertain and unquantified. Third, little is known about how features of context (eg, gender norms and political climate) influence youth experiences with sexual fluidity and mental health. Finally, we propose a set of recommendations to address these knowledge gaps to improve the quality of epidemiological research involving young people.

• SEXUAL HEALTH
• LONGITUDINAL STUDIES
• EPIDEMIOLOGIC MEASUREMENTS
• MENTAL HEALTH

Data availability statement

There are no data in this work.

https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2023-221844

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Contributors All authors contributed conceptually to this essay. PJC wrote the first draft with insights and contributions from TS, NA, WB, JL, MKI and RK. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the essay. PJC is guarantor for the work.

Funding PJC is supported by a Postdoctoral Fellowship Award from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Grant # MFE-176609). MKI receives funding from the Gendhi project (Horizon 2020 European Research Council, Gendhi-Synergy Grant Agreement SGY2019-856478). RK holds a Junior 2 Research Scholar Award from the Fonds de Recherche du Québec–Santé (2023-2024 CB 330116).

Competing interests None declared.

Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

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