how long to get speech clep results

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How to Get Your CLEP Scores

Zach Skillings is the Scholarships360 Newsletter Editor. He specializes in college admissions and strives to answer important questions about higher education. When he’s not contributing to Scholarships360, Zach writes about travel, music, film, and culture. His work has been published in Our State Magazine, Ladygunn Magazine, The Nocturnal Times, and The Lexington Dispatch. Zach graduated from Elon University with a degree in Cinema and Television Arts.

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If you’re wondering how to get your CLEP scores, you’ve come to the right place. Fortunately, the process is simple and straightforward. In this guide, we’ll break down how to get your CLEP scores, what they mean, and how to send them to your school.  

See also: What is CLEP?   

How do I get my CLEP scores? 

The great thing about CLEP is that you can access your scores as soon as you’re finished with the exam. You can view your results a few different ways, which we’ve listed below: 

1. Get your unofficial score report

After taking your exam, you’ll receive an unofficial score report before leaving the test center. The only exception is for the “College Composition” and “Spanish with Writing” exams. These exams require human evaluation and cannot be scored immediately. You’ll be notified via email when your scores are available, typically within 2 – 3 weeks. 

2. Get your official score online 

You can also view your official scores online by logging into your CLEP My Portal account. Use the same login information you used to register for the exam. Once logged in, go to the My CLEP Exam Scores page to view your results. Your scores will be available online one business day following your exam. 

3. Get your score on screen after taking a remote exam 

If you take an exam remotely, your score will be displayed on screen immediately after completion of the exam. 

Related: Top veteran scholarships

How are CLEP exams scored? 

Nearly all exams are multiple-choice and scored by a computer, with the exception of the “College Composition” and “Spanish with Writing” exams. These tests feature essay questions in addition to multiple choice sections. The essays are graded by a committee of college professors, then combined with the multiple choice scores. 

For multiple choice questions, you receive one point for each correct answer. Points aren’t deducted for wrong or skipped answers, meaning you should strive to answer each question on the exam. There’s no harm in guessing if you’re not sure about the right answer. 

Exams are scored on a scale from 20 to 80. The American Council on Education (ACE) recommends that colleges grant credit for a score of 50 or higher, but schools are allowed to set their own policies. Use this searchable database to check the CLEP policies of the schools you’re interested in.

Don’t miss: Top scholarships for adults

How do I send my scores? 

To receive credit for taking CLEP exams, you’ll need to send your scores to your preferred college or university. When you register for your exam, you’ll be prompted to select the institution where you’d like to send your scores. Your score will be immediately sent to this school once you complete your exam, unless you decide to opt out (see the next section). You can send your score to one institution for free.

If you want to send your score to more than one college, you must request a transcript and pay a $20 fee for each additional institution. To do this, go to your My CLEP Account menu and select “Request a Transcript”. The transcript request process is slightly different for military test takers . 

Also see: Top scholarships for nontraditional students

Do I have to send my scores? 

No. The College Board gives you the option of canceling your score to prevent it from getting sent to your school. However, you have to make the decision to cancel before knowing whether you passed or not. Because of this, it’s best to go ahead and send in your score (even if you feel like you failed). 

The only time you might cancel your score is if your college has a limit on CLEP attempts and you’re nearly certain you failed. However, most colleges have no such limit. As a result, you should hardly ever choose to cancel your scores. 

Related: How does college credit work?

Can I retake CLEP exams? 

Yes. If you didn’t pass the first time around, you can retake the exam after three months. If you retake the exam within the three-month period, your score will be considered invalid, and your test fee will be forfeited.

Also see: Easiest to hardest CLEP exams

Will a failed CLEP exam affect my GPA?

Failed CLEP exams will not affect your GPA, nor will they change any admissions decisions by a school. The only downside to a failed exam is the money and time spent on it. You won’t be able to take it again for another three months, but once you become eligible again, you can learn from your mistakes, retake it, and make use of all the time you’ve spent studying.

Our guide to improving your SAT score might come in handy in trying to retake a CLEP exam. It’s a good approach to learning from your standardized test results and score better next time.

Good luck out there, and make sure to check out our free scholarship search tool to help you graduate from college debt-free!

Also see: Top colleges that accept CLEP

Key Takeaways

• After completing a CLEP exam you will receive a preliminary score report, except for test that require human grading, which will require 2-3 weeks to be graded
• After you take your exam you’ll be able to view your actual score reports through your account online
• Students can send their CLEP scores to two schools at no cost, and then to additional schools for $20 per school 
• If you fail a CLEP exam keep in mind that your GPA won’t be affected and that you do not have to send those scores to any schools

Frequently asked questions about CLEP scores

What is a good clep score, is fifty percent a passing clep score, is it bad to fail a clep exam, scholarships360 recommended.

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Your chance of acceptance, your chancing factors, extracurriculars, is taking the speech clep exam a good idea.

I've heard there's a CLEP exam for speech, and since public speaking isn't my strongest suit, I was thinking it could be a way to get the credits without the stress of a live audience. Has anyone done it, and do you think it's manageable for someone who's not the next debate club president?

Taking the CLEP (College-Level Examination Program) exam for speech can certainly be a strategic move if public speaking isn't your forte and you want to earn college credit without the corresponding coursework that typically involves public speaking. It's designed to assess your understanding of the material typically covered in an introductory college-level speech course.

If you commit to studying the necessary material and feel confident in your grasp of the concepts, it's definitely possible to pass the CLEP exam, even if you're not particularly drawn to public speaking or debate. The Speech CLEP won't require you to perform in front of a live audience, but you'll need to understand speech composition and delivery concepts.

Make sure you study the examination guide thoroughly and consider finding practice exams to gauge your readiness. Remember that not all colleges accept CLEP credits, so check if the schools you're interested in grant credit for this exam. Good luck!

About CollegeVine’s Expert FAQ

CollegeVine’s Q&A seeks to offer informed perspectives on commonly asked admissions questions. Every answer is refined and validated by our team of admissions experts to ensure it resonates with trusted knowledge in the field.

Free Clep Prep

A free resource for those preparing for clep, dantes and excelsior examinations, principles of public speaking dsst a free study guide.

Name of Exam: Principles of Public Speaking DSST

Number of Questions: Around 75 (varies) + 1 speech

Time Limit: Part 1 (Questions) is Un-timed. Part 2 (Speech) is 15 minutes total. See below for details.

ACE Recommended Passing Score: 47 + pass speech portion

Practice Test Available?: Yes (See Below in Free Resources)

Cost: $80 + Sitting Fee (Usually no more than $20) at your testing site. Military can take DSSTs for free with Tuition Assistance. Check with your Educational Officer!

Difficulty 1-5 : 3 (One being the easiest, and five being the hardest)

Exam Description:

The Principles of Public Speaking DSST covers what a student would learn during a single semester of a college Speech or Communication class.

Specific topics covered include Creating and Structuring Introductions, Articulation, Listening Techniques, and Critiquing and evaluating the effectiveness in public speaking.

Personal Thoughts:

The Principles of Public Speaking DSST is probably one of the most confusing exams that Prometric offers. Though they do a great job of explaining what it consists of on the Fact Sheet; most people still get caught by surprise on the actual exam. The reason? Lack of preparing for that second portion - The dreaded speech.

Though the first portion (the Questions) aren't timed, the second portion (The Speech) is, and it's the part that most people run into problems. Here's the breakdown of how the speech portion works.

When you're finished with the question portion, the proctor will give you a specific topic (more on that later), and your intended audience. At this point, you get 10 minutes to write a 3-5 minute speech. If your speech comes in below 3 minutes, or above five minutes, you automatically fail the exam. Sounds pretty harsh at first, but it's actually pretty kind. They give you a whole minute and a half of wiggle room.

The speech itself is graded on a pass/fail basis. So as long as you make the argument convincing and keep within the time limits, you should be okay. We're going to cover the whole speech section a bit later on, but for now let's look at the Question portion of the exam.

Exam breakdown:

Make sure you check out the Official DSST Fact Sheet for this exam. No, seriously.. read the sheet. This is an exam that the Fact Sheet will help you out.

Pay attention to the bottom of the fact sheet. It contains some sample questions that closely mimic the type of scenario-based questions you'll see on the actual exam.

The Principles of Public Speaking DSST is broken down as follows:

Areas of Study

I'm going to list some specific topics that you'll need to study.

Though there are different versions of the Principles of Public Speaking DSST, you'll most likely see some of the following on your exam:

• Analyzing the Audience
• Speaking Outlines
• Speaker Credibility
• Halo Effect
• Gaining Audience Interest
• Rhetorical Questions
• Reinforcing Central Ideas
• Types of Speeches
• Using Statistics in Speeches
• Delivery Cues
• Argument and Reasoning

Question Portion of the Principles of Public Speaking DSST

We're going to do this study guide a little differently. Since the Principles of Public Speaking DSST is divided into two separate portions, we're going to do the same with the study guide.

First we'll cover the Question portion, as well as the resources that apply to those. Afterwards, we'll look at the Speech portion and go over some suggestions.

Recommended Free Study Resources

• Pearson Public Speaking Study Site - This is an interesting site that I came across while hunting for online resources. It seems to be a conglomeration of multiple textbooks divided by public speaking topics. If you go to each topic, there are a set of great Multiple Choice and True/False questions. They even have flashcards which are really, really nice to teach terminology. Highly recommended!
• Sparknotes on Public Speaking - My love affair with Sparknotes continues. This should take no longer than 10 minutes to read completely, and has a TON of great information that you'll undoubtedly see again on the actual exam. Just keep hitting "Next" and pay attention to the terminology as you come across it.
• The Art of Public Speaking (Companion Site) - You'll see this title mentioned quite often in the forum links below. It seems the home page for this book has been moved, but here's the updated link to the first chapter. Feedback is that if you go through all the chapters and take the quizzes (click the "Study Questions" link on the left), you'll see everything you need for the Question Portion of the Principles of Public Speaking DSST.
• The Essential Elements of Public Speaking (Companion Website) - Another recommended textbook by the DSST Fact Sheet. You can take chapter quizzes by clicking on the "Multiple Choice" links after expanding a chapter..
• Principles of Public Speaking Free Forum Links - From our own Feedback area. Find some other forum posts that we don't have? Let us know via the "Contact Us" form or post them yourself in the User Submission Area.

Speech Portion of the Principles of Public Speaking DSST

This is the section that most people need help with. I've given it it's own page to keep this study guide from becoming too long.

This speech study guide started out small, but quickly grew a life of its own. You can find that page here - How to Write a Speech for the Public Speaking DSST.

Recommended bargain-priced study resources

Always check your library first! You may be able to find some of these for free. You don't have to buy the officially recommended resources all the time. If you're the type of person that prefers to study from a textbook source however, then please see below.

InstantCert Academy Principles of Public Speaking Specific Exam Feedback - There's only two of feedback for this exam, but they are a good two pages. I wouldn't subscribe just to get access to this feedback, but if you're already a subscriber than by all means check it out. Check out the forum links in the free resources area for some other great feedback on this exam.

If you don't know what InstantCert is, then click here for the scoop as well as a discount code: **InstantCert Academy**

You'll find an InstantCert link for every exam here if that gives you an idea of the amount of information they have available. It's an outstanding resource.

Closing Thoughts

This study guide turned out to be a serious undertaking. Once you've covered the Question portion of this exam, I'd also look at the How to Write a Speech for the Public Speaking DSST page. We also have a small page full of example topics (not the real ones, but similar) so you can practice.

Best of luck!

Return from Principles of Public Speaking DSST to the DANTES Exams Page

Or, you can head back to the home page with the below link

Return from Principles of Public Speaking DSST to the Free Clep Prep Home Page

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The 10 Things You Need to Know to Pass a CLEP Exam [Report]

Let’s face it, college can be daunting. Spending four or more years of your life listening to lectures and writing papers can be exhausting, not to mention figuring out how to pay for all of it. Whether you’re trying to save time or cut costs, CLEP exams provide a powerful tool for completing your degree and achieving your goals.

Why Take a CLEP Exam?

Taking a CLEP exam is like passing the final exam for a college class at the beginning of the semester, exempting you from the entire course. This means while your friends have to sit through lectures, write papers, complete projects, and study for exams, you are already working on another course. Plus, CLEP exams cost less than 10% of the cost of traditional courses. With that in mind, here are ten tips and tricks for exam success:

1. Look at the Exam Outline

CLEP exams allow you to cash-in on knowledge obtained outside the classroom or in high school. While you may know a lot about American government from a high school class and personal study, the key is to understand the concepts covered on the American Government CLEP exam. Previously obtained knowledge is invaluable, but it needs to be evaluated in light of the test outline. Knowing the names of the last ten senators from Minnesota is great but will it be covered on the exam? Look at the outline and then begin studying particular areas where you are lacking.

CLEP Test Outline Pins

2. Know that a “C” is Good Enough.

Generally, only 50 out of 80 is needed to pass a CLEP exam, which comes out to a grade of 70%. The catch is that a CLEP test will appear as a “P” for “pass” on your transcript whether you get a 50 or an 80. Since CLEP exams cover such a broad range of concepts, you are not expected to pass with flying colors. So don’t stress over becoming an expert and know that even the science phobic can pass Natural Sciences.

3. Use Flashcards for Key Terms

In college courses, every concept is assigned a name. It’s not enough to understand the principles of a concept; you need to know the name of the concept. Flashcards are a proven medium to help you learn and retain those terms and their definitions. Flashcards derive their effectiveness from their ability to help you store terms in your long-term memory, eliminating the need to cram the night before the exam. Every time you run across an unfamiliar word, jot down the term and its definition on an index card. Then go through the flashcards a few times a day.

4. Utilize the Review Button

When you are viewing a question during the exam and you are unsure of the answer choice you selected, click the review button. When you have answered all the questions, view any questions that you clicked the review button for and make corrections as needed. If you still have time after that, start at the beginning of the exam and review all of the questions.

5. CLEP Study Guides

No amount of testing tips can replace the need to study for your exam. Even if you feel comfortable with the content, brushing up on key terms and concepts never hurt anyone. To save time, focus on using materials specifically designed for CLEP exam preparation. Sure, a business law textbook will cover relevant content for the Business Law CLEP exam, but it’s prone to cover too many concepts. Furthermore, textbooks have a way of delving into nitty-gritty details. Since a CLEP exam covers an entire college-level course, you don’t need to know the formula for determining currency appreciation. Rather, understanding the general concept will be sufficient for the Principles of Macroeconomics CLEP exam. A good CLEP study guide cuts through the fluff to teach you what you really need to know. A good study guide cuts through the fluff to teach you what you really need to know.

6. Ask for Help

Deciding to take a CLEP exam doesn’t relegate you to an island to study. Chances are, you know someone who has spent extensive time studying the material you are trying to master. Ask a friend, professor, or adult you know to help you understand concepts you are struggling with. Quick life insight: people love talking about themselves and subjects they know a lot about. Since your friend’s life probably won’t be on your exam, focus on the subject they know a lot about! A friend’s help does not replace the need for a study guide, but it can give you a big study boost

7. Take a Practice Test

Studying requires understanding a wide variety of concepts. So after you feel that you have covered the vast majority of content, it’s time to take a practice test. Practice tests help you identify the gaps in your knowledge. If you have been studying for the Biology CLEP exam, then you likely have an understanding of the cell. Taking a practice test will show that you don’t know the function of mitochondria. Immediately, you can hone in your studying to focus on that gap in your knowledge. A few sample questions can be found on the test developer’s website.

CLEP Practice Test

8. Answer Every Question

CLEP test takers are not penalized for wrong answers. Be sure to select an answer to every question, even if it means making a blind guess. If you are running out of time, selecting a random answer at least gives you a shot at choosing the correct answer. If you don’t select an answer, you will get the question wrong 100% of the time!

9. Use Guessing Strategies

Unlike a test a professor gives you, CLEP exams are not based on a single source. In other words, the CLEP exams are not developed from the lecture notes of a professor or a certain textbook. This means you will encounter a question or two that you are unfamiliar with. Relax, remain positive, and use the process of elimination to give yourself a better chance at success.

10. Look for Hints in the Exam

Occasionally, a question in the exam will hint at the correct answer to another question. For example, one question might ask which branch of government interprets the laws. Then a future question might read, “From which court case does the judicial branch derive its power to interpret laws?” The second question has essentially answered the first question for you. You will rarely find an instance that straightforward, but nevertheless, test questions that cover similar content can give you hints.

With those tips under your belt, you will be on your way to CLEP success!

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2 thoughts on “The 10 Things You Need to Know to Pass a CLEP Exam [Report]”

Hi! where can i take the CLEP tests?

Hi Paulina! We suggest to check out College Board ( https://clep.collegeboard.org/ ) which is the official website for the CLEP exam. You can get all of your information there regarding how to register and where to take the exam. Good luck!

Comments are closed.

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How long do official CLEP results take to reach college?

I have to take 2 CLEP exams before Dec 9 so I can graduate this semester. How long does it take for CLEP results take to be given to the uni for credit?

Also, while taking the exam, can you go back and forth between questions? Like if I wanted to finish the rest of the questions and go back to a previous one, is that possible?

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• 2024 Elections

‘Is She Talking About Me?’: Donald Trump’s Commentary on Kamala Harris’ DNC Speech

M illions of people across the U.S. and world listened keenly on Thursday to Vice President Kamala Harris , as she spoke on perhaps the biggest stage of her presidential campaign that began just a month ago. But perhaps no one was as glued to the speech capping the Democratic National Convention in Chicago as Harris’ Republican opponent, Donald Trump , who offered his blow-by-blow live commentary on social media and instant reaction on TV.

“IS SHE TALKING ABOUT ME?” the former President posted on his platform Truth Social, as Harris warned of the dangers of another Trump presidency, accusing him of election fraud and inciting the violence at the Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021.

Trump nitpicked at Harris’ script and delivery: “Too many ‘Thank yous,’ too rapidly said, what’s going on with her?” he posted as she took the stage. “A lot of talk about childhood, we’ve got to get to the Border, Inflation, and Crime!” he wrote in another post , one of more than 30 posted between the start and end of Harris’ 40-minute speech .

And immediately after Harris finished, Trump called in to conservative channels Fox News and Newsmax to offer his takes. “I personally thought it was a terrible speech. It was very nonspecific. It was also very short. She just wanted to get off the stage, because her ideas are bad,” he told Newsmax. (Trump’s own Republican National Convention speech last month , at over 90 minutes, was criticized by observers for running so long.)

He also rattled off a list of topics he said he was disappointed Harris didn’t mention (including some that she did)—interest rates, China, fracking, crime, poverty, housing, the trade deficit, trafficking, the border—before saying on Fox, with the only compliment he seemed able to muster, “other than that, it was a nice-looking room.”

Both in his simultaneous posts and his post-speech cable news debriefs, Trump offered a number of policy-related rebukes of Harris’ remarks—though he wasn’t always truthful in his assessments.

Here’s what to know about the things Trump said about what Harris said.

On the border

What Harris said: If elected President, Harris said she would bring back the bipartisan border security bill that didn’t pass earlier this year. “[President] Joe [Biden] and I brought together Democrats and conservative Republicans to write the strongest border bill in decades,” she said. “But Donald Trump believes a border deal would hurt his campaign, so he ordered his allies in Congress to kill the deal. Well, I refuse to play politics with our security.”

What Trump said: “The Border Bill is one of the worst ever written, would have allowed millions of people into our Country, and it’s only a political ploy by her! It legalizes Illegal Immigration, and is a TOTAL DISASTER, WEAK AND INEFFECTIVE! She doesn’t need a Bill. As President, Crooked Joe and her could have just said, ‘CLOSE THE BORDER!’ like I did – I didn’t have a Bill, I didn’t need a Bill. The Border Patrol respected me, they did their job. We had the Safest Border in Recorded History!” he posted . And in apparent reaction to Harris saying she would seek to revive the bill, he added : “She just called to give all Illegals CITIZENSHIP, SAY GOODBYE TO THE U.S.A.! SHE IS A RADICAL MARXIST!”

Trump offered similar remarks again on TV, saying that the bipartisan bill was “horrible” and that the Biden-Harris Administration “doesn’t need” legislation to “close the border,” which it could do “right now,” like he says he did during his administration. Trump also blamed Harris, whom he called “the border czar,” for letting in migrants who he said are being “put on Social Security and Medicare” and “killing and maiming lots of people.”

The reality and context: Migrant crime, as a point of fear mongering, has been statistically shown to be a “ myth .” And on the notion of migrants straining Social Security and Medicare, something Trump has repeated, the Washington Post ’s fact checker gave that “ four pinocchios ”—undocumented immigrants actually improve the status of those federal welfare programs by paying taxes without receiving benefits. Similarly, the Post’ s fact checker has said that the claim that the Biden-Harris Administration could “close the border” without legislation is dubious : Trump used executive orders to effectively close the border during the COVID-19 pandemic and to try to restrict immigration throughout his Administration, but courts repeatedly found that “he was overstepping the law—which suggests a new law might be necessary,” according to the Post . The bipartisan border security bill that Trump described as “ineffective” and “horrible” was endorsed by the border patrol officer union, the Chamber of Commerce, and the typically conservative Wall Street Journal editorial board, before it was killed by Senate Republicans at Trump’s urging . As for the moniker of “border czar” that Trump has applied to Harris, the reality of her role addressing root causes of migration flows was more complicated .

On reproductive rights

What Harris said: Harris called Trump and his Republican allies “out of their minds” for working against reproductive freedoms. “As a part of his agenda, he and his allies will limit access to birth control, ban medication abortion, and enact a nationwide abortion ban, with or without Congress. And … he plans to create a national anti-abortion coordinator and force states to report on women’s miscarriages and abortions,” she said.

What Trump said: “Everybody, Democrats, Republicans, Liberals, and Conservatives, wanted Roe v. Wade TERMINATED, and brought back to the States. Like Ronald Reagan and myself, most believe in EXCEPTIONS. Now the people are voting, which is the way it was supposed to be. I do not limit access to birth control or I.V.F. - THAT IS A LIE, these are all false stories that she’s making up, that I’ve never even heard of. It’s just words coming out of her mouth,” he posted .

In his interview on Newsmax, Trump said he had “never even heard” of plans to have an anti-abortion coordinator. As for the Supreme Court overturning Roe v. Wade , Trump reiterated that his administration simply did what people “wanted us to do” and that “people are happy” that abortion rights are out of the federal domain and deferred to the states. 

The reality and context: While the Supreme Court’s 2022 overturning of Roe v. Wade was broadly unpopular , Trump has not explicitly endorsed the policies Harris listed. He has declined to endorse a nationwide ban on abortion, saying that the decision must be left to the states. As for in-vitro fertilization (IVF), Trump said earlier this year, “The Republican Party should always be on the side of the miracle of life … IVF is an important part of that.” He has also said that he “will never advocate imposing restrictions on birth control, or other contraceptives,” despite some Republican allies pushing for such measures.

As for a “national anti-abortion coordinator,” it appears Harris is referring to Project 2025’s proposal (see ‘On Project 2025’ below) that the next conservative Administration rename the USAID Office of Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment as the USAID ‘Office of Women, Children, and Families’ and redesignate the Senior Gender Coordinator “as an unapologetically pro-life politically appointed Senior Coordinator” of that office.

On foreign policy

What Harris said: Harris said that she “will always ensure Israel has the ability to defend itself” while also calling for an end to the humanitarian crisis in Gaza. She recalled how she was tasked with warning Zelensky of a Russian invasion in 2022, and claimed that Trump “threatened to abandon NATO” and “encouraged Putin to invade our allies.” She also slammed Trump’s friendliness with controversial authoritarian leaders. “I will not cozy up to tyrants and dictators like Kim Jong Un, who are rooting for Trump,” she said. “They know he is easy to manipulate with flattery and favors. They know Trump won’t hold autocrats accountable, because he wants to be an autocrat himself.”

What Trump said: “She stands for Incompetence and Weakness – Our Country is being laughed at all over the World!” Trump posted . “The Tyrants are laughing at her, she’s weak and ineffective, and for three and a half years she has done nothing except enabled them to get STRONG, RICH, and POWERFUL!” he said in another post . He also declared that Harris “ HATES ISRAEL ” and “wouldn’t even show up to Congress for Netanyahu’s session,” and that Russia’s invasion of Ukraine “ would have never started if I were President .” 

The reality and context: On the issue of Gaza, Harris has tried to walk a fine line between supporting Israel and calling attention to the humanitarian costs of the war. While Harris did not show up for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s address in Congress last month, amid growing division in Washington over Israel’s war in Gaza, she condemned the anti-Israel protests in the capital during Netanyahu’s visit and has maintained the Biden Administration’s position that Israel has a right to defend itself, while facing ongoing criticisms for not standing up more for Palestinians.

Harris’ claims that Trump has threatened to abandon NATO and encouraged Russia’s Vladimir Putin to invade allies are true. Trump has also expressed, as recently as last week , admiration for autocrats including North Korea’s Kim Jong Un , China’s Xi Jinping , and Putin , and the New York Times has reported that China and Russia are indeed hopeful of a Trump return to the White House. (Trump has also promised to be a “dictator” on “day one” of a second term, though he later said the comment was only meant to trigger the left .)

In the wake of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Harris has continuously engaged with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky on U.S. support; Trump, meanwhile, has blamed the Biden administration for not being able to deter the invasion in the first place and promised to end the war without specifying how—though he has been publicly critical of Zelensky and complained that the wartime leader’s requests for U.S. support “ never ends .”

On Project 2025

What Harris said: “We know what a second Trump term would look like,” Harris said, pointing to the Heritage Foundation’s Project 2025 presidential transition playbook that many Democrats at the DNC have used to attack the former President. “Its sum total is to pull our country back to the past. But America, we are not going back.”

What Trump said: “LYING AGAIN ABOUT PROJECT 2025, WHICH SHE KNOWS, AND SO DO ALL DEMOCRATS, THAT I HAVE ABSOLUTELY NOTHING TO DO WITH!” he posted .

“I have nothing to do with Project 2025,” Trump told Fox. “I have no idea what it is,” he told Newsmax.

The reality and context: Trump and his campaign have been trying to distance themselves from Project 2025 for months, while the Biden-turned-Harris campaign has tried to tie him to it. “I know nothing about Project 2025,” Trump said in early July . “Some of the things they’re saying are absolutely ridiculous and abysmal. Anything they do, I wish them luck, but I have nothing to do with them.” While the project is technically independent from the official platforms of the Trump campaign and the Republican Party , Project 2025 remains closely associated with what a Trump Administration would likely look like: Among the hundreds of conservatives who came up with its policy proposals are some of Trump’s closest advisors.

On the economy

What Harris said: Harris shared her experience of growing up in a middle-class household and talked about the importance of having a “strong middle class,” which she identified as a “defining goal” of her presidency. She outlined her vision of creating an “opportunity economy,” in which people from different backgrounds can have a “chance to succeed.” She also pledged to end the country’s housing shortage, protect Social Security and Medicare, and pass a middle-class tax cut. “Now compare that to Donald Trump,” Harris said. “He doesn’t actually fight for the middle class. Instead, he fights for himself and his billionaire friends. And he will give them another round of tax breaks that will add up to $5 trillion to the national debt. And all the while, he intends to enact what, in effect, is a national sales tax—call it, a Trump tax—that would raise prices on middle-class families by almost $4,000 a year.”

What Trump said: “She’s talking about the Middle Class, but she’s the one who broke the Middle Class, and made it UNSAFE AND UNAFFORDABLE!” Trump posted on Truth Social. He also claimed that houses were more affordable under his presidency and, in response to Harris’ “opportunity economy” pitch, said that he “created Opportunity Zones, the Most Successful Economic Development Policy in years.”

During his interview on Fox News, Trump claimed that Harris’ economic policies would send the country into a “depression,” because she was going to “give a tax increase of four to five times what people and companies are paying right now” and “people can’t go to the American Dream and buy a house because they can’t afford the interest rate.” He also accused Harris of not addressing the $35 trillion national debt , which he said was going to start paying off with “liquid gold that we have right under our feet”—a reference to his proposal to tackle economic woes by increasing oil and gas drilling .

The reality and context: While Trump has often pitched oil and gas drilling in opposition to Democrats’ push for renewable energy, U.S. crude oil production has actually soared to record levels under the Biden-Harris Administration. And the Opportunity Zones, often cited by Trump as one of his best economic policy achievements, have delivered uneven opportunities to residents of low-income areas, and the program’s effectiveness in alleviating poverty in these neighborhoods is unproven .

Trump is right that home affordability is currently at a low point, but economists say his constant harping about inflation under the Biden-Harris Administration is misleading and that his plans could actually worsen the situation. While Harris said his “national sales tax”—a label her campaign has given to his tariffs plan—would raise prices on middle-class families by almost $4,000 a year, an August estimate by the left-leaning think tank Center for American Progress placed the annual burden per household between $2,500 and $3,900, while the Peterson Institute for International Economics’ estimated the cost on middle-income households to be more than $2,600 per year. 

As for the national debt, an extension of Trump’s 2017 tax cuts, as Republicans have proposed, would add an estimated $4.6 trillion to the national debt, according to a report by the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office. Meanwhile, the Brookings Institution reported in May, when Biden was the Democratic candidate, that Biden’s alternative policies would raise about $5 trillion in revenue by 2034.

On the state of the race

What Harris said: Harris did not address the state of the presidential race during her speech. The most she said on the topic was: “To the delegates and everyone who has put your faith in our campaign—your support is humbling.”

What Trump said: In response to a question on Fox News about his strategy to win back the women and minority voters whom the Harris campaign has managed to sway, Trump said: “Now she’s not having success. I’m having success. I’m doing great with the Hispanic voters. I’m doing great with Black men. I’m doing great with women because women want safety.” 

“We’re doing very well in the polls, we’re leading in most of the polls,” he said. “And in the swing states, we’re leading in almost every one of them.”

And when asked if he was ready to debate Harris on Sept. 10, “given what you’ve heard tonight,” Trump said that he was “ready, willing, and able” to debate and that Harris was the one that had previously turned down an offer to do so.

The reality and context: Trump previously had a substantial lead in opinion polling before Biden dropped out of the race last month leading Harris to take over the top of the ticket. But since then, Harris has made significant headway and was leading in polling averages at the start of the convention this week—and is expected to receive even more of a bump after.

The question about debate participation has gone back and forth for weeks, with Trump initially reluctant to agree to a debate on ABC News due to feeling the network was biased against him but ultimately accepting its invitation to debate Harris on Sept. 10. Trump has said he is also willing to debate on Fox News and on NBC News, while the Harris campaign has said it will do one more debate other than the one on ABC but without specifying yet which.

More Must-Reads from TIME

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