Ceased treatment for 2½ years
The patient was obese with a body weight of 95 kg and BMI of 34.89. There were clear evidences of acanthosis nigricans on neck and hirsutism with prominent hair growth on chin and upper lip during physical examination. The findings obtained on per vaginal and per speculum examinations were clitoromegaly, bulky uterus, eroded cervix and abnormal vaginal discharge. USG reports showed both ovaries with polycystic morphology, and 12 cc volume of each ovary. Uterus measured 75 × 34 × 38 mm and ante-verted.
On detailed evaluation of subjective and objective parameters patient was diagnosed as primary infertility associated with PCOS. From Ayurvedic perspective this condition could be considered as Vandhyatva associated with Nashtartava where Avarana (enclosure) of Artavavavaha srotas (channel transporting Artava) Kapha Medoduṣhti and Srotorodha became the causative factors. Detailed analysis of her signs and symptoms showed the increase of Vata Kapha and reduction of Pitta [ 7 ]. Considering all those factors treatment principles of Vandhya, Nashtartava and Medohara were followed in this case.
Table 2 .
Therapeutic intervention.
Therapeutic approach | Medicines with dose | Specific advises |
---|---|---|
(carminative) (Digestive) (scraping) (Induces menstruation) | [ ] −15 ml with 45 ml luke warm water and [ ] −5 gm early morning empty stomach. [ ]-15 ml luke warm water and Tablet [ ] 2 Nos. evening before food. [ ] 2 Nos with fresh lime juice as at 2 pm. | Less oily less spicy pure vegetarian diet. Absolute restriction for deep fried food articles. Regular exercise for a period of 30 min Regular walking for a period of 45 min. |
These set of medicines were continued for a period of 3 weeks. Once the functioning of Agni is maintained through the above said group of medicines, Shodhana therapies were executed, which are detailed in Table 3 , Table 4 .
Procedure | Medicines used | Duration | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
[[ ], sutrsthana 6/159]. | 9 days | attained | |
[[ ] Sutrasthana 5/59]. | 6 days | Vomiting and loose bowel noticed. | |
[[ ], Sharirasthana 2/47]. | 1 day | ||
Cooked as food [[ ], Sutrasthana 6/21]. | 1 day | ||
[[ ],Kalpasthana1/13] | 1 day | ||
1 day | After 15 days of | ||
[[ ],Chikitsasthana 14/131] | 5 days | ||
and | 3 days | ||
[ ] [[ ], Chikitsa sthana 8/140–143] | 3 days |
Medicines used.
Serial Number | Medicines | Description |
---|---|---|
1. | Chiruvilwadi kwatha | Indicated in Arshas and agnimandya |
2. | Nirgundiadi kwatha | Mainly indicated in Krimi especially Koshta gatha Krimi |
3. | Erandamoola kwatha | Used as decoction for doing Nirooha Basti |
4. | Vaishwanara churna | Chief ingredient is Haritaki and this combination is explained as Agni itself |
5. | Vara churna | Also known as Triphala churna. This combination is explained as Medohara and Rasayana |
6. | Madanaphala | Used as an ingredient of Niroohabasti |
7. | Satapushpa | Used as an ingredient of Niroohabasti |
8. | Sarshapa taila | This is a plain oil extracted from mustard seeds. |
9. | Dhanwantaram taila | This is a prepared medicine explained in Sootika paricharya. This oil has got internal as well as external application. |
10. | Gandharvahastai eranda taila | This a special preparation in castor oil medium by using the ingredients of Gandharvahastadi kwatha |
11. | Pippaliadi taila | This oil is explained in the context of Arshas for doing Anuvasna |
12. | Mahanarayana taila | This oil has got both internal as well as external application.Vandhyatwa comes as an important indication. |
13. | Kaliana kshara | This is a combination indicated in the context of Arshas |
14. | Annabhedi sindura | This is a Bhasma preparation made up of Kasisa as a raw material. |
After the treatment body weight of the patient reduced to 75 kg and BMI was found to be 27.43. Her menstrual cycle became frequency improved substantially. On per speculum examination it was observed that abnormal vaginal discharge and other visible changes due to cervicitis reduced considerably.
The diagnosis was confirmed as primary infertility associated with PCOS. According to Ayurveda this disease is Vandyatwa due to Nashtartava where Avarana of Artavavaha srotasa becomes the chief causative factor [13, Sharira sthana 2/21]. The Nidana (causative factors) attributed could be Avyayama (sedentary) and intake of excess Abhishyandi Ahara leading to Kapha Medo Dushti and Srotorodha. Here the movement of Vata especially Apana vata got obstructed by the increased Kapha which in turn obstructed the natural functioning of Arthava also. According to Ayurveda disintegration of Samprapti (pathogenesis) is the way to treat any disease. In this case we can consider Kapha and Vata as Dosha , Rasa , Rakta , Mamsa , Medas as Dooshya . Rasavaha, Rakthavaha, Mamsavaha, Medovaha and Arthava vaha are involved in the etio-pathogenesis of the disease. Samga (blockage) and Granthi (cyst) can be considered as their Dushti karana (vitiating factor) . Site of origin of the disease is Koshta and the specific site of manifestation is Garbhashaya (uterus).
The ultimate aim of the treatment was to release the obstructed Vata and to enable its normal functioning in the Koshṭa especially in Garbhasaya . The obstruction was because of the accumulated Kapha in the channels of Vata especially in Arthavavavaha Srotas . The combination of Chiruvilvadi kwahta and Vaisvanara Churna is VatakaphaShamana in its action along with added benefits including kindling the Agni and alleviating the Moodhavata . The other set of medicine, Nirgundyadi kashaya and Triphala gugulu is also Kapha Shamana with an added property of Kriminashana . As a result, Kapha might have been pacified and thus the pruritus and abnormal vaginal discharge diminished. Annabhedisindoora is Chedana, Lekhana, Vatakapha Shamana with a specific action Rajapravarthaka when given with Jambira Svarasa as Sahapana it becomes Deepana, Anulomana and also induces the bleeding.
Once the expected outcome from Purva karma is obtained, it was decided to move to the next phase- Shodhana therapies. As Kapha and Meda became the key factors for the development of the disease, it was decided to opt Ruksana procedure as a preliminary step. Udvarthana along with Takrapana was Kaphamedonasana by default [[ 11 ], Sutrasthana 2/15], [[ 11 ], Sutrasthana 5/33]. It took 9 days to obtain Rukṣaṇa [[ 11 ], Sutrasthana 16/35]. The next step was Snehapana with plain Sarṣhapa taila which became the ideal medicine for Snehana in the conditions where predominance of Kapha and Vata . It was decided to go for Accha Snehapana and the initial dose given was 25 ml. It took total 6 days to observe the ideal signs and symptoms which were expected to occur after Accha Snehapana . After Abhyanga Swedana and Utklesana, Vamana was the selected Shodhana therapy because of the involvement of Kapha doṣa [[ 11 ], Sutrasthana 1/25]. The standard operative procedure of Vamana was carried out and the symptoms of Samyak yoga including Pittadarsana were obtained. Then Virechana was administed using Gandharva hastadi eraṇḍa taila .
It was decided to administer Basti as a next step because of the involvement of Vatadoṣa. Specific indications including Rajonasa also pointed to the necessity of Basti Anuvasana basti was given with Pipalyadi Anuvasana taila which is Vata Anulomana and KaphaShamana in nature [[ 11 ], Sutrasthana 19/2–3]. For achieving the complete relief from Kaphamedovruddhi, Lekhana Basti which is a modified form of Eraṇḍa moola kvatha basti was selected [[ 11 ], Kalpasthana 4/7–10]. Uttarabasti which forms the prime treatment in Garbhasaya roga was also administered during the course [[ 11 ], Sutrasthana 19/70]. Mahanarayana taila which is Brimhna, VataShamana with an added indication in Vandhyatva was selected as Uttara Basti medicine. Uttara Basti was repeated on 12th, 13th and 14th days of her next menstrual cycle. Shodhana treatment may have contributed in reduction of fat deposits and acceleration of the maturation of graffian follicles. Thus, the follicles ruptured and ovulation occurred detected in USS on 8/07/2019. She was given Phalasarpis to improve quality of endometrium and achiveving Garbhasthapana . Urine pregnancy test was suggested after a week of absence of menses and the result found to be positive [[ 11 ], Utaratantra 34/63–67].
She delivered a female baby on 8/3/2020 through LSCS. Each andevery phase of the management were monitored and recorded carefully. Through the Ayurvedic interventions it took a total of 8 months to get the positive result (as the initial visit of the patient in OP was on 11/10/2018). While she conceived, her date of LMP was 22/06/2019. The successful outcome in the present case signifies the relevance of logical selection of medicines according to the stage, judicious combination of internal medicines, procedures, diet and regimen for the complete cure of the disease.
This case report shows an insight into systematic learning how to manage primary infertility associated with PCOS effectively through Ayurvedic treatment modalities. The result obtained in this single case study is encouraging and the protocol followed here may be subjected for trial in larger samples.
Written consent was obtained from the couple for the purpose of publication of their clinical details.
No funding sources.
None declared.
M.A. Asmabi was the physician responsible for the assessment, treatment plan and interaction with the patient.
M..K. Jithesh contributed in data analysis, interpretation, discussion and drafting of the case report.
The authors would like to thank Dr. P. Rammanohar, Research Director, Amrita school of Ayurveda and Dr Mukesh E, Assistant professor, Dept of Roga N idana , VPSV Ayurveda college, Kottakkal for their valuable guidance.
Peer review under responsibility of Transdisciplinary University, Bangalore.
ISSN: 2165-7920
Case Report - (2024) Volume 14, Issue 1
Received: 20-Dec-2023, Manuscript No. jccr-23-123152; Editor assigned: 22-Dec-2023, Pre QC No. P-123152; Reviewed: 05-Jan-2024, QC No. Q-123152; Revised: 11-Jan-2024, Manuscript No. R-123152; Published: 18-Jan-2024 , DOI: 10.37421/2165-7920.2024.14.1590 Citation: Dhuri, Kalpana and Drakshya Dipanita Das. “Ayurvedic Management of Autism - A Single Case Study.” J Clin Case Rep 14 (2024): 1590. Copyright: © 2024 Dhuri K, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
A five years old known case of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is being treated with integrative approach with the combination of Ayurvedic medicines and panchakarma procedures. Patient was taking occupational and speech therapy more than one year with very little improvement in symptoms. Ayurvedic panchakarma procedures such as Nasya therapy (administration of medicines through nose), Rajyapana Basti (medicated enema) along with some Ayurvedic medicines orally. ISAA score and symptoms of patient were assessed every 15 days for 3 months. Patient had shown substantial improvement in social communication, language, eye contact, hyper activeness.
Autism spectrum Disorder • ISAA • Ayurveda
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) involves refraining social communication, repetitive behaviour and constrained activities [ 1 ]. In some cases there may be a genetic condition. ASD begins before the age of 3 years and can last throughout a person’s life [ 2 ]. In some cases with ASD, the young ones attain new skills and grow well as per milestones up to age of 18 to 24 months and then suddenly stop further development [ 3 ]. The children with ASD may have difficulties evolving and retaining friendships, communicating socially or understanding what behaviours are expected in school or outside [ 4 ]. Prevalence of autism is ~1% globally which is accepted by WHO [ 5 ]. In India, as per the report by Choudhari KS, et al. [ 6 ] ASD prevalence across five States in north and west India was as high as one in 125 children between 2-6 years age group and one in 80 among children in 6-9 years age. In India the prevalence is estimated to be 1in 89 [ 7 ].” Autism is a neurodevelopmental disease that has not been directly mentioned in Ayurvedic Samhitas though some Ayurvedic physicians correlate it with unmaada as there is a similarity in symptoms [ 8 ]. ISAA is the Indian scale For Assessment of Autism in Indian children [ 9 , 10 ]. We hereby report a case of Autism assessed by ISAA and treated based on Ayurvedic fundamentals.
Patient information
A five years old boy was brought by his mother to D Y Patil School of Ayurveda Outdoor Patients Department of Kaumarbhritya (Ayurvedic Paediatrics), Navi Mumbai, India. The mother reported that the child was unable to concentrate, not paying attention to the instructions, making unnecessary noises and shouting, no initiation of social interaction, poor eye contact, failure to respond if called out by his name, impaired body postures and gestures, not following toilet training, constipation, temper tantrum since 10 months.
Case history of the patient
The patient was the second child of non-consanguineous marriage. Patient was born at full-term baby through vaginal delivery weighing 2600 gms. Child cried immediately after the delivery. He was on exclusive breast feeding for 7 months. Weaning was started at the age of 4 months. Immunization schedule was given as recommended by IAP (Indian Association of Pediatrics).
Motor development was normal, delayed language and social development was observed. According to mother child did not respond to commands or name calling. He did repetitive stereotypic movements. His sleep was disturbed and he continuously made different sounds. He was always fibbing with something. He never used to sit at one place. His concentration span was not more than 5 min. The patient watched mobile more post corona. The parent reported that they used to calm him down with mobile screening.
Clinical findings
On examination the child was moderately built and nourished. His growth percentile was 75. He was hyperactive and irritable and had poor eye contact. He was producing shrieking sound repeatedly. He did not respond to any instructions. Even after giving some toys he refused to play. Growth parameters and vital signs were within normal limits. No abnormality was detected in respiratory system. The cranial nerves, motor system, reflexes, sensory system and gait were normal with absence of cerebellar abnormal signs.
The patient had developing symptoms such as child is unable to concentrate, not paying attention to the instructions, making unnecessary noises and shouting, no initiation of social interaction, poor eye contact, failure to respond if called out by his name, impaired body postures and gestures, not following toilet training, constipation, temper tantrum since 10 month. The timeline of clinical events in the case is described in Table 1 .
Intervention | Details of Intervention | Dose | Anupan | Duration of Treatment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Musta+sunthi choorna | 125 mg musta and 25 mg Shunthi | Luke warm water | 5 days | |
Bramhi ghana vati | 125 mg | Luke warm water | Twice a day | |
Jyotismati +bramhi+sankhapuspi churna | 125 mg | Honey | Twice a day | |
Yastimadhu ghrita | 5 ml | Luke warm water | Once a day | |
Vacha churna | - | Jihwa Pratisaran | ||
Abhyang | - | Kheerbala taila and Brahmi taila | 7 days | |
Swedan | - | Dashmool kwath | 7 days | |
| Yapana Basti | - | Aswagandha +kutaj+sariva | 8 days |
Shiro dhara | - | Ksheerbala and Bramhi Taila | 15 days |
The investigations revealed that his haemoglobin was 12.5 gm%, Vit D (25 hydroxy D) was 22 ng/ml serum calcium was 9.2 mg/dl. There was no abnormality reported in urine and stool. Auditory test (BERA) was done and shows no abn ormality.
Diagnosis assessment
The ISAA score of patients at baseline was 122. ISAA is Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism.
Intervention
The child was given Musta ( C. rotundus ) churna 125 mg with Shunthi ( Z offcinale ) churna 25 mg twice a day for 5 days. Normal regular vegetarian diet was advised. The mother was told not to give oily spicy food, junk food and aerated drinks. Also Screen time was strictly reduced to 30 min per day. After 5 days, Yastimadhu ( G. glabra ) ghrita 5 ml warm was given once a day. Bramhi ghana vati 125 mg twice a day with warm water was given in powdered form. A mixture of Jyotismati ( C. paniculata ), Bramhi ( B. monneri ), Sankhapuspi ( C. pleuricaulis ) 125 mg was given two times a day along with honey for 30 days.
The patient was advised for jihwa pratisaran (application of mixture on the tip and side of tongue) with Vacha choorna ( A. calamus ) for 15 days. The child was given Abhyangam (full body massage) with Ksheerbala tailam and Nadisweda (fomentation) with Dashmool kwath for 7days. After which Rajayapana Basti was given for 16 days. Basti is the administration of medicines through anal route. 20 ml of basti (medicated enema) was given through anal route daily morning at 10 in the morning for 16 days. Shirodhara (continuous dripping) of Bala ( S. cordifolia ) oil and Brahmi ( B. monnieri ) oil in equal proportion was given for 10 min for 15 days. The screen time for patient was restricted to half an hour dalily. Patient was advised to continue occupational and speech therapy along with all medication.
The Assessment Scale for Autism (ISAA) was done on the first day (Baseline) and later 30 th , 60 th , 90 th day. All vital parameters were normal. The patient was followed up for all symptoms every 15 days. The child had malakathinya (hard stools) and passed stools once in two days earlier. After treatment from third day, he started passing the stools twice a day. The sleep improved in 15 days. The patient started responding after calling his name in 15 days. After 30 days, patient also started answering to the question as what is his name. After 60 days child was able to say A to Z letters and could point out different pictures when asked about them. In 90 days child started interacting with peers happily. The hyperactivity was reduced post 30 days of treatment. In 90 days, the child’s concentration span increased from 5 min to almost 15 min [ 11 ].
After 90 days of treatment the autism score was gradually decreased from 122 to 99. As per Charakacharya any disease can be treated when dosha dushya samurchana (Configuration of Dosha and the vitiated tissues and systems involved) and samprapti (Pathogenesis)is known [ 12 ]. We developed a protocol following Ayurvedic Fundamentals (Chikitsasutra) to manage this case of autism. Vata prakopa causes irrelevant speech (Udan vayu) [ 13 ] and hyperactivity (Vyan vayu). Medha (intelligence and wisdom, concentration) is disturbed when pitta gets vitiated [ 14 ]. The neurodevelopmental changes can be attributed to vitiated Vata and Pitta. Annavaha (Digestive system), Rasavaha (lyphatic) and Monovaha srotas (neurobehavioral) are involved.
Musta ( C. rotundus ) in addition to its action on digestion and metabolism; also acts as neuroprotective which has been confirmed experimentally [ 14 , 15 ]. Shunthi ( Z. officinale ) is also antioxidant and anti-inflammatory [ 15 ].
Bramhi ( B. monnieri ) is a well-known medhya rasayan that enhances cognitive functions [ 16 ]. Earlier Choudhari KS, et al. [ 6 ] have reported significant improvement in cognitive function including memory of medical students in a 6 weeks randomised double blind placebo controlled study. In another in-vivo model of Autism Spectrum Disorder in rats; where Brahmi extract showed significant improvement in abnormal behavioural patterns such as social deficits, repetitive behaviour, learning and memory impairments, and motor coordination [ 17 ]. Yastimadhu ghrita 5 ml was given once a day. Yastimadhu ( G. glabra ) is also medhya as well as is good for language and speech development [ 18 ]. It has been proven for nootropic cativity [ 19 ]. Patient has delayed language development. Vacha churna was given as jihwa pratisarana. (local application on tongue). Vacha ( A. calamus ) is Dipaniya, (helps to increase appetite) Medhya, (Memory concentration, intelligence) Kanthya specifically for language development. Acorus calamus methanolic extract significantly reversed stereotypical behaviour and catalepsy in mice [ 20 ].
Vata is tantayantadhara which means the controller of all movements [ 21 ]. In autism there is a prakopa (vitiation) of Vata. Basti(administration of medicines through anal route) is the best treatment for vata prokopa [ 22 ]. Earlier Shailaja U, et al. [ 23 ] have reported excellent results with yapana basti in understanding ability, speech and in fine motor functions. Patient was also given shirodhara with Bramhi taila and Ksheerbala taila. Shirodhara is a method where oil or any medicated liquid is dripped over a forehead in a continuous stream. Earlier Dhuri and Vaidya had given shirodhara and found excellent results in alpha and theta waves in EEG mapping post shirodhara indicating its stress reducing activity [ 24 ].
Parent perspective
The parent reported that his hyperactivity is reduced and his concentration span which was five minutes has increased up to fifteen minutes. The child started sitting at one place for more than an hour. Earlier the child was denied the admission in the school. The same school happily gave the admission for this child.
Autism has seen to be increased post corona periods may be because of increased screening time. The earlier the diagnosis, better are the chances of improvement. Following basic fundamentals (Chikitsasutra) of Ayurveda can give good results. Single-case reports provide the leads to large group randomized studies. This case can give a hope to further research in this area.
We would like to thank the parents, who consented to have their child case presented and published.
Conflicts of interest.
There are no conflicts of interest.
The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form the parents have given their consent for his images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal.
The patients understand that their names and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.
KD treated the patient. DDD analysed and interpreted the data. KD and DDD drafted the article. KD helped in editing.
Google Scholar , Crossref , Indexed at
Google Scholar , Indexed at
Google Scholar , Crossref
50+ million readerbase.
Google scholar citation report, citations: 1295.
Journal of Clinical Case Reports received 1295 citations as per Google Scholar report
Pmc/pubmed indexed articles, open access journals.
Discover the world's research
You are accessing a machine-readable page. In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader.
All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess .
Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications.
Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive positive feedback from the reviewers.
Editor’s Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal.
Original Submission Date Received: .
Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website.
Please let us know what you think of our products and services.
Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI.
Research on aerodynamic characteristics of three offshore wind turbines based on large eddy simulation and actuator line model.
2. numerical method, 3. verification and validation, 3.1. single turbine parameter settings, 3.2. results of the mesh independence test, 3.3. comparison and validation with existing literature results, 4. three-turbine array configuration, 4.1. three-turbine configuration and computational domain grid division under full wake cases, 4.2. cases of three turbines under staggered arrangement, 5. comparative analysis of three-turbine simulation results, 5.1. three turbines under full wake conditions, 5.1.1. comparison of aerodynamic performance results, 5.1.2. comparison of wake characteristics results, 5.1.3. unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of three turbines under full wake conditions, 5.2. three turbines under staggered cases, 5.2.1. comparison of aerodynamic performance results, 5.2.2. comparison of wake characteristics results, 5.2.3. unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of three turbines under staggered conditions, 6. conclusions, author contributions, institutional review board statement, informed consent statement, data availability statement, conflicts of interest, abbreviations.
Nomenclature | |
C | Thrust coefficient [-] |
C | Power coefficient [-] |
Mean thrust coefficient [-] | |
Mean power coefficient [-] | |
L | Distance between the upstream and downstream turbines [m] |
D | Rotor diameter [m] |
k* | Turbulent kinetic energy [J/kg] |
P | Power output [MW] |
Q | Torque of the rotor [N·m] |
T | Thrust of the rotor [kN] |
S | Distance in the Y direction between the turbines [m] |
U | Wind speed [m/s] |
Mean wake velocity [m/s] | |
Greek letters | |
ρ | Fluid density [kg/m ] |
λ | Tip speed ratio |
Ω | The rotation speed of the rotor [r/s] |
Abbreviations | |
3D | Three dimensional |
SGS | Subgrid-scale |
FRM | Fully resolved mesh |
BEM | Blade element momentum theory |
CFD | Computational fluid dynamics |
LES | Large Eddy Simulation |
ALM | Offshore floating wind turbine |
TSR | Tip speed ratio |
TI | Turbulence intensity |
RANS | Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes |
WT1 | Wind turbine 1 |
WT2 | Wind turbine 2 |
WT3 | Wind turbine 3 |
Click here to enlarge figure
NREL 5 MW | Units | |
---|---|---|
Rated power | 5.0 | MW |
Rotor diameter | 126.0 | m |
Number of blades | 3 | |
Hub diameter | 3.0 | m |
Hub height | 90 | m |
Rated wind speed U | 11.4 | m/s |
Rated rotor speed | 12.1 | rpm |
Total Mesh | R/Δ | C | Relative Difference (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Coarse mesh | 3.62 × 10 | 28 | 0.5502 | 4.30 |
Medium mesh | 6.52 × 10 | 36 | 0.5275 | 0.64 |
Fine mesh | 8.86 × 10 | 40 | 0.5241 | / |
Case | L /D | S/D | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Full wake cases | 4~7, interval = 0.5 | 0 | |
2 | Staggered cases | 4~6, interval = 0.5 | 2 | |
3 | Staggered cases | 4~6, interval = 0.5 | 2 |
The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
Fu, C.; Zhang, Z.; Yu, M.; Zhou, D.; Zhu, H.; Duan, L.; Tu, J.; Han, Z. Research on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Three Offshore Wind Turbines Based on Large Eddy Simulation and Actuator Line Model. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024 , 12 , 1341. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081341
Fu C, Zhang Z, Yu M, Zhou D, Zhu H, Duan L, Tu J, Han Z. Research on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Three Offshore Wind Turbines Based on Large Eddy Simulation and Actuator Line Model. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering . 2024; 12(8):1341. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081341
Fu, Chen, Zhihao Zhang, Meixin Yu, Dai Zhou, Hongbo Zhu, Lei Duan, Jiahuang Tu, and Zhaolong Han. 2024. "Research on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Three Offshore Wind Turbines Based on Large Eddy Simulation and Actuator Line Model" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 8: 1341. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081341
Article access statistics, further information, mdpi initiatives, follow mdpi.
Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals
IMAGES
COMMENTS
Ayurvedic management of Prameha - A Single Case Study Sreeraj P.1, Veeraj P. Hegde2 1Assistant Professor, ... Sreeraj P. et al. Ayurvedic management of Prameha - A Single Case Study ISSN: 2456-3110 CASE REPORT December 2023 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | December 2023 | Vol. 8 | Issue 12 292 ...
treatment of pittaja and raktaja vyadhi. So a case study of patient of vicharchika successfully treated by. Pracchanna karma followed by Arka taila application along with internal medicine is ...
Add-on effect of proprietary Ayurvedic medicine Diabrishta-21 in managing glucose variability measured through continuous glucose monitoring device: A case report. Journal of Ayurveda Case Reports. 6 (4):154-158, Oct-Dec 2023.
and Shodhan are two main treatment protocol of Ayurveda which can alleviate the disease. Present scenario. is the single case study in which Shaman therapy was adopted due to patient's busy ...
A SINGLE CASE STUDY ON AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF GENERALIZED ANXI-ETY DISORDER Shrilatha Kamath T 1, Ravichandra2, 1Professor and HOD, 2PG Scholar Department of PG & Ph.D. studies in Kayachikitsa & Manasaroga, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda and Hospital, Kuthpady, Udupi 574118, Karnataka, India.
features in the present case of hyperthyroidism the above mentioned managements were very effective. But this is merely a single case report so the effectiveness of this treatment protocol cannot be claimed without further studies. Acknowledgement I express my gratitude to Dr. Narayanan Nambi, Principal, Ashtangam Ayurveda College,
s. The thyroid gland regulates the body's metabolism and growth. In Ayurveda, this is attributed to a function of Agni. Clinical symptoms of this disease closely resemble Agnimandya and symptoms precipitated consequentially. A 24-year-old female patient visited the hospital with complaints of irregular menstruation, heaviness all over the body, gradual weight gain, and constipation. After ...
ing food or watercontaminated with the feces of an infected person. It can be diagnosed with blood culture,widal, typhidot and tubex test. treatment is done with ORS, Antibiotics and surgery in rare cases. In Ayurveda jwara is explained in detail , based on history , sign and symptoms and samprapti (pathogenesis) it can be categorized in ...
AYURVEDIC Case Report ISSN: 2320-5091 Impact Factor: 6.719 AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF ... AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM - A SINGLE CASE STUDY Anita1, Gourishankar Rajpurohit2 1MD scholar, P.G. Dept, Agad Tantra Evam Vyavhar Ayurveda, Dsrrau, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
AYURVEDIC APPROACH TO MANAGEMENT OF HYPOTHYROIDISM - A CASE STUDY Debajyoti Das 1, DipsundarSahu1, Tusar Kanti Mandal1, Saroj Kumar Debnath1,Laxmidhar Barik 1, Ranjita 2Ekka and Amit Kumar Dixit 1Research Officer (Ayurveda), Central Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Kolkata, WestBengal,
Journal of Ayurveda Case Reports, July-Sept 2017; 1(1):3 3 I am very glad to see the first issue of the case study focused Ayurveda journal by All India Institute of Ayurveda in India. India has a rich heritage in traditional systems of medicine which include Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Yoga, Naturopathy, Homeopathy and others.
Ayurvedic. texts, demonstrating their effectiveness in managing the complex manifestations of . Amavata, or Rheumatoid Arthritis. 4. Conclusion . In conclusion, based on the findings of this case study, it can be inferred that the outcomes following the treatment were promising. The application of . Ayurvedic. management, combining . Panchakarma
Mutrakrichra can be an independent complaint as well as associated symptom in other dis-ease. In contemporary science, the disease with similar signs and symptoms is Lower urinary tract infection. In this case Report a 28-year-old female patient diagnosed with Mutrakrichra (UTI) and treated successfully with ayurvedic Management.
Ayurveda Management of Kampavata with special reference to Parkinson's Disease- A Single Case Study June 2021 International Journal of AYUSH Case Reports 5(2):64-70
A male patient, aged 45 years, diagnosed case of Prameha 5 years back presented with dryness in the mouth, increased frequency of micturition, Excessive thirst, weakness of the body, and burning sensation at the sole. ... A Single Case Study Sreeraj P ... & Veeraj P. Hegde. (2024). Ayurvedic management of Prameha - A Single Case Study. Journal ...
Ayurvedic Samhita has description of swelling of the thyroid gland ... Type of study: Simple random single case study. OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS Due to our Ayurvedic management there are revealed Regression of symptoms. The patient had started improving symptoms within 7 days. After 1.5 months' treatment patient cured subjective as well as ...
This case report shows an insight into systematic learning how to manage primary infertility associated with PCOS effectively through Ayurvedic treatment modalities. The result obtained in this single case study is encouraging and the protocol followed here may be subjected for trial in larger samples.
commonly facial pain.4 In Ayurveda; it is closely related to nasa arsha. Nasa arsha is a Kapha-vata vyadhi located in Urdhwanga which is a kapha sthan.5 In this study, a single case 55 years old male patient presented with frequent episodes of nasal obstruction, anosmia mouth breathing and sometimes
March 202 3. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Scienc es | March 2023 | Vol. 8 | Issue 3. 161. Ayurved management of PCOS: A Case Report. Jaya H. Malagoudar, R. I. Jambagi 2. 1 Professor ...
was clinically diagnosed and selected for the study. 2. Case Report:-The patient was selected from the OPD -7 of Sanjivani Hospital, Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Rajasthan Ayurveda University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan. It was diagnosed with Katigraha. Patients with other allied symptoms like swelling, Sciatica, and Aamavata were excluded from the study.
Autism has seen to be increased post corona periods may be because of increased screening time. The earlier the diagnosis, better are the chances of improvement. Following basic fundamentals (Chikitsasutra) of Ayurveda can give good results. Single-case reports provide the leads to large group randomized studies.
Open Access. International Ayurvedic Medical Journal, India 2021. 1 - Accepted for Publication: 31/08/2021ABSTRACTBackground: Psoriasis is a complex, chronic, multifactorial, inflammatory disease that involves hyperproliferation of the keratinocytes in the epidermis, wit. an increase in the epidermal cell turnover rate. Environmental, genet.
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has revolutionized our understanding of cellular variability by capturing gene expression profiles of individual cells. The importance of cell-to-cell variability in determining and shaping cell function has been widely appreciated. Nevertheless, differential expression (DE) analysis remains a cornerstone method in analytic practice, by focusing ...
CASE REPORT ON AYURVEDA MANAGEMENT OF POLYCYSTIC. OVARIAN SYNDROME (PCOS) Ravindra B. Ghaywate*. Associate Professor and HOD, Department of Panchakarma, RK University Ayurved College. and Hospital ...
This study employs the LES-ALM method to numerically investigate the aerodynamic performance and wake characteristics of a single NREL 5 MW horizontal-axis wind turbine and three such turbines under different wake interaction conditions. For the single turbine case, the results obtained using the LES-ALM method were compared with the existing ...