Introduce the topic.
Provide background information.
Present the thesis statement or main argument.
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An argumentative essay presents a specific claim or argument and supports it with evidence and reasoning. Here’s an outline for an argumentative essay, along with examples for each section: 3
1. Introduction :
Example: “Did you know that plastic pollution is threatening marine life at an alarming rate?”
Example: “Plastic pollution has become a global environmental concern, with millions of tons of plastic waste entering our oceans yearly.”
Example: “We must take immediate action to reduce plastic usage and implement more sustainable alternatives to protect our marine ecosystem.”
2. Body Paragraphs :
Example: “The first step towards addressing the plastic pollution crisis is reducing single-use plastic consumption.”
Example: “Research shows that plastic straws alone contribute to millions of tons of plastic waste annually, and many marine animals suffer from ingestion or entanglement.”
Example: “Some argue that banning plastic straws is inconvenient for consumers, but the long-term environmental benefits far outweigh the temporary inconvenience.”
Example: “Having addressed the issue of single-use plastics, the focus must now shift to promoting sustainable alternatives.”
3. Counterargument Paragraph :
Example: “While some may argue that individual actions cannot significantly impact global plastic pollution, the cumulative effect of collective efforts must be considered.”
Example: “However, individual actions, when multiplied across millions of people, can substantially reduce plastic waste. Small changes in behavior, such as using reusable bags and containers, can have a significant positive impact.”
4. Conclusion :
Example: “In conclusion, adopting sustainable practices and reducing single-use plastic is crucial for preserving our oceans and marine life.”
Example: “It is our responsibility to make environmentally conscious choices and advocate for policies that prioritize the health of our planet. By collectively embracing sustainable alternatives, we can contribute to a cleaner and healthier future.”
A claim is a statement or proposition a writer puts forward with evidence to persuade the reader. 4 Here are some common types of argument claims, along with examples:
Understanding these argument claims can help writers construct more persuasive and well-supported arguments tailored to the specific nature of the claim.
If you’re wondering how to start an argumentative essay, here’s a step-by-step guide to help you with the argumentative essay format and writing process.
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Here are eight strategies to craft a compelling argumentative essay:
Let’s consider a sample of argumentative essay on how social media enhances connectivity:
In the digital age, social media has emerged as a powerful tool that transcends geographical boundaries, connecting individuals from diverse backgrounds and providing a platform for an array of voices to be heard. While critics argue that social media fosters division and amplifies negativity, it is essential to recognize the positive aspects of this digital revolution and how it enhances connectivity by providing a platform for diverse voices to flourish. One of the primary benefits of social media is its ability to facilitate instant communication and connection across the globe. Platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram break down geographical barriers, enabling people to establish and maintain relationships regardless of physical location and fostering a sense of global community. Furthermore, social media has transformed how people stay connected with friends and family. Whether separated by miles or time zones, social media ensures that relationships remain dynamic and relevant, contributing to a more interconnected world. Moreover, social media has played a pivotal role in giving voice to social justice movements and marginalized communities. Movements such as #BlackLivesMatter, #MeToo, and #ClimateStrike have gained momentum through social media, allowing individuals to share their stories and advocate for change on a global scale. This digital activism can shape public opinion and hold institutions accountable. Social media platforms provide a dynamic space for open dialogue and discourse. Users can engage in discussions, share information, and challenge each other’s perspectives, fostering a culture of critical thinking. This open exchange of ideas contributes to a more informed and enlightened society where individuals can broaden their horizons and develop a nuanced understanding of complex issues. While criticisms of social media abound, it is crucial to recognize its positive impact on connectivity and the amplification of diverse voices. Social media transcends physical and cultural barriers, connecting people across the globe and providing a platform for marginalized voices to be heard. By fostering open dialogue and facilitating the exchange of ideas, social media contributes to a more interconnected and empowered society. Embracing the positive aspects of social media allows us to harness its potential for positive change and collective growth.
Writing a winning argumentative essay not only showcases your ability to critically analyze a topic but also demonstrates your skill in persuasively presenting your stance backed by evidence. Achieving this level of writing excellence can be time-consuming. This is where Paperpal, your AI academic writing assistant, steps in to revolutionize the way you approach argumentative essays. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to use Paperpal to write your essay:
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The length of an argumentative essay can vary, but it typically falls within the range of 1,000 to 2,500 words. However, the specific requirements may depend on the guidelines provided.
You might write an argumentative essay when: 1. You want to convince others of the validity of your position. 2. There is a controversial or debatable issue that requires discussion. 3. You need to present evidence and logical reasoning to support your claims. 4. You want to explore and critically analyze different perspectives on a topic.
Argumentative Essay: Purpose : An argumentative essay aims to persuade the reader to accept or agree with a specific point of view or argument. Structure : It follows a clear structure with an introduction, thesis statement, body paragraphs presenting arguments and evidence, counterarguments and refutations, and a conclusion. Tone : The tone is formal and relies on logical reasoning, evidence, and critical analysis. Narrative/Descriptive Essay: Purpose : These aim to tell a story or describe an experience, while a descriptive essay focuses on creating a vivid picture of a person, place, or thing. Structure : They may have a more flexible structure. They often include an engaging introduction, a well-developed body that builds the story or description, and a conclusion. Tone : The tone is more personal and expressive to evoke emotions or provide sensory details.
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Miscellaneous
You'll no doubt have to write a number of argumentative essays in both high school and college, but what, exactly, is an argumentative essay and how do you write the best one possible? Let's take a look.
A great argumentative essay always combines the same basic elements: approaching an argument from a rational perspective, researching sources, supporting your claims using facts rather than opinion, and articulating your reasoning into the most cogent and reasoned points. Argumentative essays are great building blocks for all sorts of research and rhetoric, so your teachers will expect you to master the technique before long.
But if this sounds daunting, never fear! We'll show how an argumentative essay differs from other kinds of papers, how to research and write them, how to pick an argumentative essay topic, and where to find example essays. So let's get started.
There are two basic requirements for any and all essays: to state a claim (a thesis statement) and to support that claim with evidence.
Though every essay is founded on these two ideas, there are several different types of essays, differentiated by the style of the writing, how the writer presents the thesis, and the types of evidence used to support the thesis statement.
Essays can be roughly divided into four different types:
#1: Argumentative #2: Persuasive #3: Expository #4: Analytical
So let's look at each type and what the differences are between them before we focus the rest of our time to argumentative essays.
Argumentative essays are what this article is all about, so let's talk about them first.
An argumentative essay attempts to convince a reader to agree with a particular argument (the writer's thesis statement). The writer takes a firm stand one way or another on a topic and then uses hard evidence to support that stance.
An argumentative essay seeks to prove to the reader that one argument —the writer's argument— is the factually and logically correct one. This means that an argumentative essay must use only evidence-based support to back up a claim , rather than emotional or philosophical reasoning (which is often allowed in other types of essays). Thus, an argumentative essay has a burden of substantiated proof and sources , whereas some other types of essays (namely persuasive essays) do not.
You can write an argumentative essay on any topic, so long as there's room for argument. Generally, you can use the same topics for both a persuasive essay or an argumentative one, so long as you support the argumentative essay with hard evidence.
Example topics of an argumentative essay:
The next three types of essays are not argumentative essays, but you may have written them in school. We're going to cover them so you know what not to do for your argumentative essay.
Persuasive essays are similar to argumentative essays, so it can be easy to get them confused. But knowing what makes an argumentative essay different than a persuasive essay can often mean the difference between an excellent grade and an average one.
Persuasive essays seek to persuade a reader to agree with the point of view of the writer, whether that point of view is based on factual evidence or not. The writer has much more flexibility in the evidence they can use, with the ability to use moral, cultural, or opinion-based reasoning as well as factual reasoning to persuade the reader to agree the writer's side of a given issue.
Instead of being forced to use "pure" reason as one would in an argumentative essay, the writer of a persuasive essay can manipulate or appeal to the reader's emotions. So long as the writer attempts to steer the readers into agreeing with the thesis statement, the writer doesn't necessarily need hard evidence in favor of the argument.
Often, you can use the same topics for both a persuasive essay or an argumentative one—the difference is all in the approach and the evidence you present.
Example topics of a persuasive essay:
An expository essay is typically a short essay in which the writer explains an idea, issue, or theme , or discusses the history of a person, place, or idea.
This is typically a fact-forward essay with little argument or opinion one way or the other.
Example topics of an expository essay:
An analytical essay seeks to delve into the deeper meaning of a text or work of art, or unpack a complicated idea . These kinds of essays closely interpret a source and look into its meaning by analyzing it at both a macro and micro level.
This type of analysis can be augmented by historical context or other expert or widely-regarded opinions on the subject, but is mainly supported directly through the original source (the piece or art or text being analyzed) .
Example topics of an analytical essay:
There are many different types of essay and, over time, you'll be able to master them all.
The average argumentative essay is between three to five pages, and will require at least three or four separate sources with which to back your claims . As for the essay topic , you'll most often be asked to write an argumentative essay in an English class on a "general" topic of your choice, ranging the gamut from science, to history, to literature.
But while the topics of an argumentative essay can span several different fields, the structure of an argumentative essay is always the same: you must support a claim—a claim that can reasonably have multiple sides—using multiple sources and using a standard essay format (which we'll talk about later on).
This is why many argumentative essay topics begin with the word "should," as in:
These topics all have at least two sides of the argument: Yes or no. And you must support the side you choose with evidence as to why your side is the correct one.
But there are also plenty of other ways to frame an argumentative essay as well:
Though these are worded differently than the first three, you're still essentially forced to pick between two sides of an issue: yes or no, for or against, benefit or detriment. Though your argument might not fall entirely into one side of the divide or another—for instance, you could claim that social media has positively impacted some aspects of modern life while being a detriment to others—your essay should still support one side of the argument above all. Your final stance would be that overall , social media is beneficial or overall , social media is harmful.
If your argument is one that is mostly text-based or backed by a single source (e.g., "How does Salinger show that Holden Caulfield is an unreliable narrator?" or "Does Gatsby personify the American Dream?"), then it's an analytical essay, rather than an argumentative essay. An argumentative essay will always be focused on more general topics so that you can use multiple sources to back up your claims.
So you know the basic idea behind an argumentative essay, but what topic should you write about?
Again, almost always, you'll be asked to write an argumentative essay on a free topic of your choice, or you'll be asked to select between a few given topics . If you're given complete free reign of topics, then it'll be up to you to find an essay topic that no only appeals to you, but that you can turn into an A+ argumentative essay.
What makes a "good" argumentative essay topic depends on both the subject matter and your personal interest —it can be hard to give your best effort on something that bores you to tears! But it can also be near impossible to write an argumentative essay on a topic that has no room for debate.
As we said earlier, a good argumentative essay topic will be one that has the potential to reasonably go in at least two directions—for or against, yes or no, and why . For example, it's pretty hard to write an argumentative essay on whether or not people should be allowed to murder one another—not a whole lot of debate there for most people!—but writing an essay for or against the death penalty has a lot more wiggle room for evidence and argument.
A good topic is also one that can be substantiated through hard evidence and relevant sources . So be sure to pick a topic that other people have studied (or at least studied elements of) so that you can use their data in your argument. For example, if you're arguing that it should be mandatory for all middle school children to play a sport, you might have to apply smaller scientific data points to the larger picture you're trying to justify. There are probably several studies you could cite on the benefits of physical activity and the positive effect structure and teamwork has on young minds, but there's probably no study you could use where a group of scientists put all middle-schoolers in one jurisdiction into a mandatory sports program (since that's probably never happened). So long as your evidence is relevant to your point and you can extrapolate from it to form a larger whole, you can use it as a part of your resource material.
And if you need ideas on where to get started, or just want to see sample argumentative essay topics, then check out these links for hundreds of potential argumentative essay topics.
101 Persuasive (or Argumentative) Essay and Speech Topics
301 Prompts for Argumentative Writing
Top 50 Ideas for Argumentative/Persuasive Essay Writing
[Note: some of these say "persuasive essay topics," but just remember that the same topic can often be used for both a persuasive essay and an argumentative essay; the difference is in your writing style and the evidence you use to support your claims.]
KO! Find that one argumentative essay topic you can absolutely conquer.
Argumentative Essays are composed of four main elements:
If you're familiar with essay writing in general, then you're also probably familiar with the five paragraph essay structure . This structure is a simple tool to show how one outlines an essay and breaks it down into its component parts, although it can be expanded into as many paragraphs as you want beyond the core five.
The standard argumentative essay is often 3-5 pages, which will usually mean a lot more than five paragraphs, but your overall structure will look the same as a much shorter essay.
An argumentative essay at its simplest structure will look like:
Now let's unpack each of these paragraph types to see how they work (with examples!), what goes into them, and why.
Your first task is to introduce the reader to the topic at hand so they'll be prepared for your claim. Give a little background information, set the scene, and give the reader some stakes so that they care about the issue you're going to discuss.
Next, you absolutely must have a position on an argument and make that position clear to the readers. It's not an argumentative essay unless you're arguing for a specific claim, and this claim will be your thesis statement.
Your thesis CANNOT be a mere statement of fact (e.g., "Washington DC is the capital of the United States"). Your thesis must instead be an opinion which can be backed up with evidence and has the potential to be argued against (e.g., "New York should be the capital of the United States").
These are your body paragraphs in which you give the reasons why your argument is the best one and back up this reasoning with concrete evidence .
The argument supporting the thesis of an argumentative essay should be one that can be supported by facts and evidence, rather than personal opinion or cultural or religious mores.
For example, if you're arguing that New York should be the new capital of the US, you would have to back up that fact by discussing the factual contrasts between New York and DC in terms of location, population, revenue, and laws. You would then have to talk about the precedents for what makes for a good capital city and why New York fits the bill more than DC does.
Your argument can't simply be that a lot of people think New York is the best city ever and that you agree.
In addition to using concrete evidence, you always want to keep the tone of your essay passionate, but impersonal . Even though you're writing your argument from a single opinion, don't use first person language—"I think," "I feel," "I believe,"—to present your claims. Doing so is repetitive, since by writing the essay you're already telling the audience what you feel, and using first person language weakens your writing voice.
For example,
"I think that Washington DC is no longer suited to be the capital city of the United States."
"Washington DC is no longer suited to be the capital city of the United States."
The second statement sounds far stronger and more analytical.
Even without a counter argument, you can make a pretty persuasive claim, but a counterargument will round out your essay into one that is much more persuasive and substantial.
By anticipating an argument against your claim and taking the initiative to counter it, you're allowing yourself to get ahead of the game. This way, you show that you've given great thought to all sides of the issue before choosing your position, and you demonstrate in multiple ways how yours is the more reasoned and supported side.
This paragraph is where you re-state your argument and summarize why it's the best claim.
Briefly touch on your supporting evidence and voila! A finished argumentative essay.
Your essay should have just as awesome a skeleton as this plesiosaur does. (In other words: a ridiculously awesome skeleton)
It always helps to have an example to learn from. I've written a full 5-paragraph argumentative essay here. Look at how I state my thesis in paragraph 1, give supporting evidence in paragraphs 2 and 3, address a counterargument in paragraph 4, and conclude in paragraph 5.
Topic: Is it possible to maintain conflicting loyalties?
Paragraph 1
It is almost impossible to go through life without encountering a situation where your loyalties to different people or causes come into conflict with each other. Maybe you have a loving relationship with your sister, but she disagrees with your decision to join the army, or you find yourself torn between your cultural beliefs and your scientific ones. These conflicting loyalties can often be maintained for a time, but as examples from both history and psychological theory illustrate, sooner or later, people have to make a choice between competing loyalties, as no one can maintain a conflicting loyalty or belief system forever.
The first two sentences set the scene and give some hypothetical examples and stakes for the reader to care about.
The third sentence finishes off the intro with the thesis statement, making very clear how the author stands on the issue ("people have to make a choice between competing loyalties, as no one can maintain a conflicting loyalty or belief system forever." )
Paragraphs 2 and 3
Psychological theory states that human beings are not equipped to maintain conflicting loyalties indefinitely and that attempting to do so leads to a state called "cognitive dissonance." Cognitive dissonance theory is the psychological idea that people undergo tremendous mental stress or anxiety when holding contradictory beliefs, values, or loyalties (Festinger, 1957). Even if human beings initially hold a conflicting loyalty, they will do their best to find a mental equilibrium by making a choice between those loyalties—stay stalwart to a belief system or change their beliefs. One of the earliest formal examples of cognitive dissonance theory comes from Leon Festinger's When Prophesy Fails . Members of an apocalyptic cult are told that the end of the world will occur on a specific date and that they alone will be spared the Earth's destruction. When that day comes and goes with no apocalypse, the cult members face a cognitive dissonance between what they see and what they've been led to believe (Festinger, 1956). Some choose to believe that the cult's beliefs are still correct, but that the Earth was simply spared from destruction by mercy, while others choose to believe that they were lied to and that the cult was fraudulent all along. Both beliefs cannot be correct at the same time, and so the cult members are forced to make their choice.
But even when conflicting loyalties can lead to potentially physical, rather than just mental, consequences, people will always make a choice to fall on one side or other of a dividing line. Take, for instance, Nicolaus Copernicus, a man born and raised in Catholic Poland (and educated in Catholic Italy). Though the Catholic church dictated specific scientific teachings, Copernicus' loyalty to his own observations and scientific evidence won out over his loyalty to his country's government and belief system. When he published his heliocentric model of the solar system--in opposition to the geocentric model that had been widely accepted for hundreds of years (Hannam, 2011)-- Copernicus was making a choice between his loyalties. In an attempt t o maintain his fealty both to the established system and to what he believed, h e sat on his findings for a number of years (Fantoli, 1994). But, ultimately, Copernicus made the choice to side with his beliefs and observations above all and published his work for the world to see (even though, in doing so, he risked both his reputation and personal freedoms).
These two paragraphs provide the reasons why the author supports the main argument and uses substantiated sources to back those reasons.
The paragraph on cognitive dissonance theory gives both broad supporting evidence and more narrow, detailed supporting evidence to show why the thesis statement is correct not just anecdotally but also scientifically and psychologically. First, we see why people in general have a difficult time accepting conflicting loyalties and desires and then how this applies to individuals through the example of the cult members from the Dr. Festinger's research.
The next paragraph continues to use more detailed examples from history to provide further evidence of why the thesis that people cannot indefinitely maintain conflicting loyalties is true.
Paragraph 4
Some will claim that it is possible to maintain conflicting beliefs or loyalties permanently, but this is often more a matter of people deluding themselves and still making a choice for one side or the other, rather than truly maintaining loyalty to both sides equally. For example, Lancelot du Lac typifies a person who claims to maintain a balanced loyalty between to two parties, but his attempt to do so fails (as all attempts to permanently maintain conflicting loyalties must). Lancelot tells himself and others that he is equally devoted to both King Arthur and his court and to being Queen Guinevere's knight (Malory, 2008). But he can neither be in two places at once to protect both the king and queen, nor can he help but let his romantic feelings for the queen to interfere with his duties to the king and the kingdom. Ultimately, he and Queen Guinevere give into their feelings for one another and Lancelot—though he denies it—chooses his loyalty to her over his loyalty to Arthur. This decision plunges the kingdom into a civil war, ages Lancelot prematurely, and ultimately leads to Camelot's ruin (Raabe, 1987). Though Lancelot claimed to have been loyal to both the king and the queen, this loyalty was ultimately in conflict, and he could not maintain it.
Here we have the acknowledgement of a potential counter-argument and the evidence as to why it isn't true.
The argument is that some people (or literary characters) have asserted that they give equal weight to their conflicting loyalties. The refutation is that, though some may claim to be able to maintain conflicting loyalties, they're either lying to others or deceiving themselves. The paragraph shows why this is true by providing an example of this in action.
Paragraph 5
Whether it be through literature or history, time and time again, people demonstrate the challenges of trying to manage conflicting loyalties and the inevitable consequences of doing so. Though belief systems are malleable and will often change over time, it is not possible to maintain two mutually exclusive loyalties or beliefs at once. In the end, people always make a choice, and loyalty for one party or one side of an issue will always trump loyalty to the other.
The concluding paragraph summarizes the essay, touches on the evidence presented, and re-states the thesis statement.
Writing the best argumentative essay is all about the preparation, so let's talk steps:
If you have the option to pick your own argumentative essay topic (which you most likely will), then choose one or two topics you find the most intriguing or that you have a vested interest in and do some preliminary research on both sides of the debate.
Do an open internet search just to see what the general chatter is on the topic and what the research trends are.
Did your preliminary reading influence you to pick a side or change your side? Without diving into all the scholarly articles at length, do you believe there's enough evidence to support your claim? Have there been scientific studies? Experiments? Does a noted scholar in the field agree with you? If not, you may need to pick another topic or side of the argument to support.
Now's the time to pick the side of the argument you feel you can support the best and summarize your main point into your thesis statement.
Your thesis will be the basis of your entire essay, so make sure you know which side you're on, that you've stated it clearly, and that you stick by your argument throughout the entire essay .
You've taken a gander at what the internet at large has to say on your argument, but now's the time to actually read those sources and take notes.
Check scholarly journals online at Google Scholar , the Directory of Open Access Journals , or JStor . You can also search individual university or school libraries and websites to see what kinds of academic articles you can access for free. Keep track of your important quotes and page numbers and put them somewhere that's easy to find later.
And don't forget to check your school or local libraries as well!
Follow the five-paragraph outline structure from the previous section.
Fill in your topic, your reasons, and your supporting evidence into each of the categories.
Before you begin to flesh out the essay, take a look at what you've got. Is your thesis statement in the first paragraph? Is it clear? Is your argument logical? Does your supporting evidence support your reasoning?
By outlining your essay, you streamline your process and take care of any logic gaps before you dive headfirst into the writing. This will save you a lot of grief later on if you need to change your sources or your structure, so don't get too trigger-happy and skip this step.
Now that you've laid out exactly what you'll need for your essay and where, it's time to fill in all the gaps by writing it out.
Take it one step at a time and expand your ideas into complete sentences and substantiated claims. It may feel daunting to turn an outline into a complete draft, but just remember that you've already laid out all the groundwork; now you're just filling in the gaps.
If you have the time before deadline, give yourself a day or two (or even just an hour!) away from your essay . Looking it over with fresh eyes will allow you to see errors, both minor and major, that you likely would have missed had you tried to edit when it was still raw.
Take a first pass over the entire essay and try your best to ignore any minor spelling or grammar mistakes—you're just looking at the big picture right now. Does it make sense as a whole? Did the essay succeed in making an argument and backing that argument up logically? (Do you feel persuaded?)
If not, go back and make notes so that you can fix it for your final draft.
Once you've made your revisions to the overall structure, mark all your small errors and grammar problems so you can fix them in the next draft.
Use the notes you made on the rough draft and go in and hack and smooth away until you're satisfied with the final result.
A checklist for your final draft:
Once you've brought that final draft to a perfect polish and turned in your assignment, you're done! Go you!
Be prepared and ♪ you'll never go hungry again ♪, *cough*, or struggle with your argumentative essay-writing again. (Walt Disney Studios)
Theory is all well and good, but examples are key. Just to get you started on what a fully-fleshed out argumentative essay looks like, let's see some examples in action.
Check out these two argumentative essay examples on the use of landmines and freons (and note the excellent use of concrete sources to back up their arguments!).
The Use of Landmines
A Shattered Sky
At first, writing an argumentative essay may seem like a monstrous hurdle to overcome, but with the proper preparation and understanding, you'll be able to knock yours out of the park.
Remember the differences between a persuasive essay and an argumentative one, make sure your thesis is clear, and double-check that your supporting evidence is both relevant to your point and well-sourced . Pick your topic, do your research, make your outline, and fill in the gaps. Before you know it, you'll have yourself an A+ argumentative essay there, my friend.
Now you know the ins and outs of an argumentative essay, but how comfortable are you writing in other styles? Learn more about the four writing styles and when it makes sense to use each .
Understand how to make an argument, but still having trouble organizing your thoughts? Check out our guide to three popular essay formats and choose which one is right for you.
Ready to make your case, but not sure what to write about? We've created a list of 50 potential argumentative essay topics to spark your imagination.
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An argumentative essay is on the more serious side of things when it comes to academic papers It involves a lot of effort and time on behalf of a student. It is frequently used as an ultimate test to see if learners have fully grasped a given topic. The scale of this assignment can get pretty overwhelming. But if you know how to handle yourself and do serious academic research - well, then there's nothing to fear.
An argumentative essay is a type of academic writing that requires a student to take a stance on an oftentimes controversial topic. You'll collect and compile evidence in support of a chosen stance, and attempt to prove the viewpoint using the gathered material.
This task is frequently used as a final test due to the amount of in-depth research and knowledge of the topic that is required.
Argumentative essays topics come in all shapes and sizes. But they don't define this format of writing. Truly defining features of an argumentative essay are its type and elements.
Get your assignments done by real pros. Save your precious time and boost your marks with ease.
Argumentative writing comes in several different forms. The most common of them are the following:
Persuasive essays are frequently used as thought experiments. In this format, the author is trying to make a case for one side of the argument that should be undeniably better than the other. Oftentimes the stance picked opposes the one the author agrees with, which makes learners look at the topic from a totally different angle;
Analysis essays focus on looking into other argumentative type essays instead of good old argumentative essays topics. These usually take a form of a dialogue or debate, in which one author refutes or affirms the claims of another one;
This type does not usually require much research. The presented arguments are based on the author's subjective reasoning and personal opinion. But you are still expected to make a compelling case even though the objective and logical approach are off-limits.
An argumentative essay has a range of essential elements that make this task stand out from other forms of academic writing. These basic features should be distinctly identifiable in your paper:
Ordinarily, it is not simply a flow of the author's thoughts. In most cases, it should be based on extensive research or previous work.
The structure is what makes it easy to read and understand the author's arguments. A typical argumentative essay consists of an introduction paragraph complete with a thesis statement, 3-4 body paragraphs, and a conclusion section.
Perhaps the most distinctive feature of this kind of essay is the style of writing. It is usually presented in the form of a scientifically founded debate or argument (hence the name) in which the author attempts to prove a specific claim.
Following rather strict structure guidelines is an important part of any research writing assignment. It is meant to serve a practical purpose of helping the reader follow along with the author's argument. It is also one of the major factors that influence your grade.
What are the 5 parts of an argumentative essay? Here is a rough outline. The most common form is a 5-paragraph model -there should be an introduction paragraph completed with a thesis statement, three body paragraphs showcasing evidence in support of your claim (there can be more or fewer of them depending on your assignment guidelines), and a conclusion paragraph with a quick summary of your work.
Here's a more detailed breakdown for you:
1 paragraph
3-5 paragraphs
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Even though an argumentative essay introduction is probably the easiest part of the work that is ahead of you, many students still have questions about how to start an argumentative essay.
Introduction and thesis are usually merged into one paragraph. But even though they serve largely the same purpose, there are also some distinct differences. An introduction is a general overview of the problem you are addressing in your essay. It should also offer a context overview to the readers.
Here you can allow yourself some liberties. Your main goal throughout the introduction paragraph is to prepare your audience for the onslaught to come.
Briefly go through what your paper is going to be about, and why it is important. You don't have to go into very much detail, save that for the body paragraphs.
An introduction is a sort of buildup that culminates in your thesis statement. Once you hit the latter, you should start getting serious. Now you know how to start an argumentative essay.
This is probably the most important component of the introduction. A thesis in an argumentative essay doesn't really have many differences when compared to other types of writing.
When working on this part, your job is to build a foundation on which you'll be building the rest of your argumentative writing. While the introduction in general leads your audience to the main problem covered in an essay, the thesis should nail that issue.
It is important to get this part right. The thesis statement is the cornerstone that largely defines the rest of your essay. Try to make it as clear and concise as possible. It may be tempting to make this part purposefully vague to have more room for maneuver later on. But that's going to cause more harm than good down the line.
Pay attention to the specifications of your assignment. Your thesis statement should be narrowed down to fit it. Nothing extra. A good way to check if your thesis hits the mark is to test it against the rest of your essay. The point brought up throughout a good argumentative essay should all serve as a logical extension of the thesis statement and complete it.
The majority of your essay will be comprised of body paragraphs. As opposed to the introduction, where you raise the questions, here you have the opportunity to provide the answers.
Argumentative essays should be based on extensive research and\or previous work. So before you get to shaping the body paragraphs, make sure you do the legwork to the fullest extent.
Maintaining a clear structure should be your first priority. The exact number of paragraphs may vary. But each one should address one specific argument. This serves several purposes, such as:
The main purpose of the body part of the text is to present the evidence that guides your audience along with you from your thesis statement all the way to the conclusion.
It's the perfect time to make use of all that research you might have done previously. Don't go overboard by writing down your entire thought process. Instead, take a shortcut. If an argument doesn't drive the point forward, then it probably can be omitted.
It is also a good idea to use at least one paragraph to look at the topic from another angle. Analyzing and pointing out the flaws in arguments that oppose your conclusion is a valid approach. It can support and complete your previous observations and claims as well as further reinforce your argument.
If you are sticking to this approach, it's best to put it after paragraphs in which you make a positive claim.
Every paragraph should be interconnected with the preceding and following ones. Even though they are showcasing different pieces of evidence, they are still all parts of consistent reasoning. Smooth and logical transitions are what keeps a good argumentative essay together.
The gaps in your flow may not be so apparent when you are in the process of writing. But beware that they will jump out at you during proofreading.
By this point, you are done arguing. It is time to summarize all your findings. Do not present any new information in the conclusion section. Instead, use this space to reiterate the main points. Come back to your introduction once again. Here's what you should do:
Another thing you can briefly address in conclusion is the white spots in your research. In some cases, you won't have the time or resources to get conclusive answers for all the questions your problem poses.
It's okay to admit that you don't have the full picture yet. Write about what scientific research should be done in the future in order to get a more educated answer.
What are the steps in writing an argumentative essay? These are the main phases you should go through when writing it. Allocate a certain amount of time for each step so that you wouldn't get stuck with one of them.
Follow our instructions on how to write an argumentative essay step by step, and you will end up with a great paper to turn in when the deadline comes.
This might seem like an obvious thing to do. But you'd be surprised to know how many students fall flat on their faces with their essays just because they didn't understand the specifications of the assignment.
Read the initial instructions. Then, read them again. Read it a third time out loud. Make sure you understand everything. If you don't - ask for clarification. It's better to be safe than sorry.
This phase is dedicated entirely to gathering as much information on your argumentative essay topic as you can. Even if you consider yourself fairly knowledgeable in the given field, take your time with this one.
Look for hard facts to confirm your thoughts, try approaching the issue from a different angle, challenge your understanding of the subject. You may very well change your opinion on the topic while doing your research.
You already have a rough outline of what paragraphs of your essay should be there. Based on those, create a more specific structure of an argumentative essay.
Think about what arguments you will use, where you will put them, how you will transition between them, and so on. This is the logistics step and getting it right will make creating your first draft much easier.
With a decent chunk of research and a good outline of how to write it all down, making the first draft should be a piece of cake. Most of this process is just assigning what you already know to paragraphs and making sure you maintain the structure of an argumentative essay.
Write without fear and edit without mercy. This is a golden rule every student should keep in mind. Your first draft is unlikely to make the cut. That's when proofreading comes in.
Ideally, you should have a day or two in between the first draft and editing steps. This will help you spot the mistakes easier. But if you are pressed for time, you could recruit friends, family, or fellow students to assist you. It is always better to get a second opinion.
Your final draft will never be perfect. You can make minor improvements here and there pretty much forever. But following the deadlines is imperative in higher ed.
So you will have to settle with what you have eventually. Don't get too worked up over minor details.
The exact number depends on your preference and assignment specifications. But the basic lineup usually includes five paragraphs.
These are the introduction, conclusion, and three body paragraphs showcasing your arguments. You can increase or decrease the number of body paragraphs as long as you stay within the guidelines.
Yes, you can use personal experience in an essay. However, in order for it to be compelling, it should fulfill the same criteria as the rest of your arguments.
If you use a personal experience to set up a claim, you should look at it in a general sense and as a part of a greater picture rather than equating your personal feelings as infallible truth.
Introducing an argument should follow a clear and logical structure. Look at your thesis and create a transition to each of your arguments. It's sort of like opening the door to a pathway you are about to explore.
Go step by step, presenting your evidence, thought process, and logic. Don't jump to conclusions. Things that might seem obvious to you may not appear so to your audience.
You should definitely avoid using first-person sentences like 'I believe' or 'I feel' in an argumentative essay. Sentences like these can give off the impression that your arguments lack a proper evidential basis and are supported only on your personal opinion. Using matter of fact statements instead of first-person will make for a much stronger writing voice.
Using essay examples as a rough template is one of the easiest and quickest ways to complete your assignment. Use this essay to get the hang of the structure and style of writing what's required when working on an argumentative-type paper.
Here’s a sneak-peek for you:
Argumentative essay format may seem a bit too intimidating. It's especially true for those who encounter this type of writing for the very first time.
After all, it really does require extensive research and a deep understanding of the topic of your writing. But even though this type of essay is a bit more serious than you might be used to, you shouldn't worry about getting caught off-guard.
An argumentative essay is usually given as some sort of final assignment after you've amassed some knowledge on a given topic. Using that intellectual baggage, you should have no problem at all navigating the pitfalls ofyour essays.
So instead of stressing about your understanding of the subject, you should probably focus more on the technical aspects of the assignment like its structure or language. The most difficult part about writing is to write the first word. So don't hesitate and go straight to working on your assignment after reading this guide.
The earlier you start, the better. With this guide on how to write an argumentative essay, it will be a cakewalk. And if you still encounter any issues, our custom essay order, rewrite essay, write a paper for me , write an essay for me , and admission essay writing service can provide you with expert assistance. Don't hesitate to contact us right away to proofread your essay or get more help!
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The argumentative essay is a staple in university courses, and writing this style of essay is a key skill for students across multiple disciplines. Here’s what you need to know to write an effective and compelling argumentative essay.
An argumentative essay takes a stance on an issue and presents an argument to defend that stance with the intent of persuading the reader to agree. It generally requires extensive research into a topic so that you have a deep grasp of its subtleties and nuances, are able to take a position on the issue, and can make a detailed and logical case for one side or the other.
It’s not enough to merely have an opinion on an issue—you have to present points to justify your opinion, often using data and other supporting evidence.
When you are assigned an argumentative essay, you will typically be asked to take a position, usually in response to a question, and mount an argument for it. The question can be two-sided or open-ended, as in the examples provided below.
Examples of argumentative essay prompts:
Two-sided Question
Should completing a certain number of volunteer hours be a requirement to graduate from high school? Support your argument with evidence.
Open-ended Question
What is the most significant impact that social media has had on this generation of young people?
Once again, it’s important to remember that you’re not just conveying facts or information in an argumentative essay. In the course of researching your topic, you should develop a stance on the issue. Your essay will then express that stance and attempt to persuade the reader of its legitimacy and correctness through discussion, assessment, and evaluation.
Although you are advancing a particular viewpoint, your argumentative essay must flow from a position of objectivity. Your argument should evolve thoughtfully and rationally from evidence and logic rather than emotion.
There are two main models that provide a good starting point for crafting your essay: the Toulmin model and the Rogerian model.
This model is commonly used in academic essays. It mounts an argument through the following four steps:
As an example of how to put the Toulmin model into practice, here’s how you might structure an argument about the impact of devoting public funding to building low-income housing.
This model is also frequently used within academia, and it also builds an argument using four steps, although in a slightly different fashion:
The persuasiveness of this model owes to the fact that it offers a balanced view of the issue and attempts to find a compromise. For this reason, it works especially well for topics that are polarizing and where it’s important to demonstrate that you’re arguing in good faith.
To illustrate, here’s how you could argue that smartphones should be permitted in classrooms.
It’s not essential to adhere strictly to one model or the other—you can borrow elements from both models to structure your essay. However, no matter which model of argumentation you choose, your essay will need to have an outline that effectively presents and develops your position.
A clear and straightforward structure works best for argumentative essays since you want to make it easy for your reader to understand your position and follow your arguments. The traditional essay outline comprises an introductory paragraph that announces your thesis statement, body paragraphs that unfold your argument point by point, and a concluding paragraph that summarizes your thesis and supporting points.
Introductory paragraph
This paragraph provides an overview of your topic and any background information that your readers will need in order to understand the context and your position. It generally concludes with an explicit statement of your position on the topic, which is known as your thesis statement.
Over the last decade, smartphones have transformed nearly every aspect of our lives, socially, culturally, and personally. They are now incorporated into almost every facet of daily life, and this includes making their way into classrooms. There are many educators who view smartphones with suspicion and see them as a threat to the sanctity of the classroom. Although there are reasons to regard smartphones with caution, there are ways to use them responsibly to teach and educate the next generation of young minds. Indeed, the value they hold as teaching tools is nearly unlimited: as a way to teach digital literacy, to reach students through a medium that is familiar and fun for them, and to provide a nimble and adaptable learning environment.
Body paragraphs
Most argumentative essays have at least three body paragraphs that lay out the supporting points in favor of your argument. Each paragraph should open with a topic sentence that presents a separate point that is then fleshed out and backed up by research, facts, figures, data, and other evidence. Remember that your aim in writing an argumentative essay is to convince or persuade your reader, and your body paragraphs are where you present your most compelling pieces of information in order to do just that.
The body of your essay is also where you should address any opposing arguments and make your case against them, either disproving them or stating the reasons why you disagree. Responding to potential rebuttals strengthens your argument and builds your credibility with your readers.
A frequent objection that teachers have to smartphones in the classroom is that students use them to socialize when they should be learning. This view overlooks the fact that students are using smartphones to connect with each other and this is a valuable skill that should be encouraged, not discouraged, in the classroom. A 2014 study demonstrated the benefits of providing students with individual smartphones. Sanctioned smartphone use in the classroom proved to be of particular importance in improving educational outcomes for low-income and at-risk students. What’s more, learning apps have been developed specifically to take advantage of the potential of smartphones to reach learners of various levels and backgrounds, and many offer the ability to customize the method and delivery of lessons to individual learner preferences. This shows that the untapped potential of smartphones is huge, and many teachers would do well to consider incorporating them into their classrooms.
Your concluding paragraph wraps up your essay by restating your thesis and recapping the arguments you presented in your body paragraphs. No new information should be introduced in your conclusion, however, you may consider shifting the lens of your argument to make a comment on how this issue affects the world at large or you personally, always keeping in mind that objectivity and relevance are your guiding principles.
Smartphones have a growing place in the world of education, and despite the presence of legitimate concerns about their use, their value as teaching tools has been clearly established. With more and more of our lives going digital and with the growing emphasis on offering distance learning as an option, educators with an eye to the future won't wait to embrace smartphones and find ways to use them to their fullest effect. As much time and space as we could devote to weighing the pros and cons of smartphones, the fact is that they are not going to disappear from our lives, and our best bet is to develop their, and our students', potential.
Your argumentative essay starts with an introductory paragraph. This paragraph provides an overview of your topic and any background information that your readers will need in order to understand the context and your position.
Like any traditional essay, the argumentative essay consists of three parts:
There are do's and don'ts in argumentative writing. This article summarizes some of them well - you should, for example, avoid coming to an argument based on feelings, without any evidence. Everything you say needs to be backed up by evidence, unless you are the renowned expert in the field.
Yes, you can start your argumentative essay with a question or with a thesis statement. Or you can do both - ask a question and then immediately answer it with a statement.
There are contrasting views on that. In some situations it can make sense to end your argumentative essay with a question - for example, when you want to create room for further discussions or want the reader to leave thinking about the question.
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Crafting a convincing argumentative essay can be challenging. You might feel lost about where to begin. But with a systematic approach and helpful tools that simplify sourcing and structuring, mastering good argumentative essay writing becomes achievable.
In this article, we'll explore what argumentative essays are, the critical steps to crafting a compelling argumentative essay, and best practices for essay organization.
An argumentative essay asserts a clear position on a controversial or debatable topic and backs it up with evidence and reasoning. They are written to hone critical thinking, structure clear arguments, influence academic and public discourse, underpin reform proposals, and change popular narratives.
Let's explore the essential components that make argumentative essays compelling.
The claim is the cornerstone of your argumentative essay. It represents your main argument or thesis statement , setting the stage for the discussion.
A robust claim is straightforward, debatable, and focused, challenging readers to consider your viewpoint. It's not merely an observation but a stance you're prepared to defend with logic and evidence.
The strength of your essay hinges on the clarity and assertiveness of your claim, guiding readers through your argumentative journey.
An effective argumentative essay should follow a logical structure to present your case persuasively. There are three models for structuring your argument essay:
Each model provides a framework for methodically supporting your position using evidence and logic. Your chosen structure depends on your argument's complexity, audience, and purpose.
The key is to select evidence that directly supports your claim, lending weight to your arguments and bolstering your position.
Effective use of evidence strengthens your argument and enhances your credibility, demonstrating thorough research and a deep understanding of the topic at hand.
A well-rounded argumentative essay acknowledges that there are two sides to every story. Introducing counterarguments and opposing viewpoints in an argument essay is a strategic move that showcases your awareness of alternative viewpoints.
This element of your argumentative essay demonstrates intellectual honesty and fairness, indicating that you have considered other perspectives before solidifying your position.
A compelling rebuttal anticipates the counterclaims and methodically counters them, ensuring your position stands unchallenged. By engaging critically with counterarguments in this manner, your essay becomes more resilient and persuasive.
Ultimately, the strength of an argumentative essay is not in avoiding opposing views but in directly confronting them through reasoned debate and evidence-based.
The workflow for crafting an effective argumentative essay involves several key steps:
Argumentative essay writing starts with selecting a topic with two or more main points so you can argue your position. Avoid topics that are too broad or have a clear right or wrong answer.
Use a semantic search engine to search for papers. Refine by subject area, publication date, citation count, institution, author, journal, and more to narrow down on promising topics. Explore citation interlinkages to ensure you pick a topic with sufficient academic discourse to allow crafting a compelling, evidence-based argument.
Seek an AI research assistant's help to assess a topic's potential and explore various angles quickly. They can generate both generic and custom questions tailored to each research paper. Additionally, look for tools that offer browser extensions . These allow you to interact with papers from sources like ArXiv, PubMed, and Wiley and evaluate potential topics from a broader range of academic databases and repositories.
Your thesis statement should clearly and concisely state your position on the topic identified. Ensure to develop a clear thesis statement which is a focused, assertive declaration that guides your discussion. Use strong, active language — avoid vague or passive statements. Keep it narrowly focused enough to be adequately supported in your essay.
The SciSpace literature review tool can help you extract thesis statements from existing papers on your chosen topic. Create a custom column called 'thesis statement' to compare multiple perspectives in one place, allowing you to uncover various viewpoints and position your concise thesis statement appropriately.
Ask AI assistants questions or summarize key sections to clarify the positions taken in existing papers. This helps sharpen your thesis statement stance and identify gaps. Locate related papers in similar stances.
The evidence you collect lends credibility and weight to your claims, convincing readers of your viewpoint. Effective evidence includes facts, statistics, expert opinions, and real-world examples reinforcing your thesis statement.
Use the SciSpace literature review tool to locate and evaluate high-quality studies. It quickly extracts vital insights, methodologies, findings, and conclusions from papers and presents them in a table format. Build custom tables with your uploaded PDFs or bookmarked papers. These tables can be saved for future reference or exported as CSV for further analysis or sharing.
AI-powered summarization tools can help you quickly grasp the core arguments and positions from lengthy papers. These can condense long sections or entire author viewpoints into concise summaries. Make PDF annotations to add custom notes and highlights to papers for easy reference. Data extraction tools can automatically pull key statistics from PDFs into spreadsheets for detailed quantitative analysis.
The argumentative model you choose will impact your outline's specific structure and progression. If you select the Classical model, your outline will follow a linear structure. On the other hand, if you opt for the Toulmin model, your outline will focus on meticulously mapping out the logical progression of your entire argument. Lastly, if you select the Rogerian model, your outline should explore the opposing viewpoint and seek a middle ground.
While the specific outline structure may vary, always begin the process by stating your central thesis or claim. Identify and organize your argument claims and main supporting points logically, adding 2-3 pieces of evidence under each point. Consider potential counterarguments to your position. Include 1-2 counterarguments for each main point and plan rebuttals to dismantle the opposition's reasoning. This balanced approach strengthens your overall argument.
As you outline, consider saving your notes, highlights, AI-generated summaries, and extracts in a digital notebook. Aggregating all your sources and ideas in one centralized location allows you to quickly refer to them as you draft your outline and essay.
To further enhance your workflow, you can use AI-powered writing or GPT tools to help generate an initial structure based on your crucial essay components, such as your thesis statement, main arguments, supporting evidence, counterarguments, and rebuttals.
Begin the introductory paragraph with a hook — a question, a startling statistic, or a bold statement to draw in your readers. Always logically structure your arguments with smooth transitions between ideas. Ensure the body paragraphs of argumentative essays focus on one central point backed by robust quantitative evidence from credible studies, properly cited.
Refer to the notes, highlights, and evidence you've gathered as you write. Organize these materials so that you can easily access and incorporate them into your draft while maintaining a logical flow. Literature review tables or spreadsheets can be beneficial for keeping track of crucial evidence from multiple sources.
Quote others in a way that blends seamlessly with the narrative flow. For numerical data, contextualize figures with practical examples. Try to pre-empt counterarguments and systematically dismantle them. Maintain an evidence-based, objective tone that avoids absolutism and emotional appeals. If you encounter overly complex sections during the writing process, use a paraphraser tool to rephrase and clarify the language. Finally, neatly tie together the rationale behind your position and directions for further discourse or research.
Set the draft aside so that you review it with fresh eyes. Check for clarity, conciseness, logical flow, and grammar. Ensure the body reflects your thesis well. Fill gaps in reasoning. Check that every claim links back to credible evidence. Replace weak arguments. Finally, format your citations and bibliography using your preferred style.
To simplify editing, save the rough draft or entire essay as a PDF and upload it to an AI-based chat-with-PDF tool. Use it to identify gaps in reasoning, weaker arguments requiring ample evidence, structural issues hampering the clarity of ideas, and suggestions for strengthening your essay.
Use a citation tool to generate citations for sources instantly quoted and quickly compile your bibliography or works cited in RIS/BibTex formats. Export the updated literature review tables as handy CSV files to share with co-authors or reviewers in collaborative projects or attach them as supplementary data for journal submissions. You can also refer to this article that provides you with argumentative essay writing tips .
Remember, the strength of your argumentative essay lies in the clarity of your strong argument, the robustness of supporting evidence, and the consideration with which you treat opposing viewpoints. Refining these core skills will make you a sharper, more convincing writer and communicator.
This is the first of three chapters about Stance . To complete this reader, read each chapter carefully and then unlock and complete our materials to check your understanding.
– Introduce the concept of stance in an academic essay
– Explore when a writer would be required to include stance
– Provide an example of stance to help guide the reader
Chapter 1: What is stance in academic writing?
Chapter 2: Which language best shows stance in an essay?
Chapter 3: How can stance be maintained throughout an essay?
This short reader deals with the concept of stance in academic writing. In this first chapter, what stance is and how it’s useful in English for Academic Purposes will be discussed, with Chapter 2 then dealing with the various types of stance that may be used by a writer. In the third and final chapter, we explore how stance may be effectively maintained throughout an essay, focussing on the importance of repeating stance across essay elements beyond the introductory thesis statement .
What is stance?
You may have already submitted an academic essay to your tutor and be somewhat confused by feedback comments, such as ‘Where is your stance?’ or ‘Your stance could be clearer here’. Stance is an important academic concept, yet it’s also an area of academic writing that student’s often struggle with. This is because the clear demonstration of stance requires careful linguistic skill and attention to detail.
In short, stance in academic writing is most simply described as being the attitude of the writer towards the thesis, arguments or evidence that are described in the essay , such as whether the writer agrees or disagrees with a particular piece of information. Most commonly used in evaluative essays , effective stance usually requires at least some investigation of both sides of the argument, with the writer clearly expressing which side they concur with the most. The following thesis statement contains clear examples of the language of stance:
From this example thesis statement , the reader can clearly determine that the writer intends to evaluate the effectiveness of foreign AID on the African continent. Even though the writer provides some concession in the counter argument that ‘significant sums of money have been poorly invested’, overall the writer’s stance in this example is clearly positive, offering the opinion that foreign AID has had a mostly beneficial impact in Africa. Ultimately then, stance is the indication of a writer’s judgement, evaluations and opinions of a piece of evidence or information.
When should stance be included?
Stance isn’t a requirement for all essay types such as descriptive essays , but it is usually necessary to include the stance of the writer when arguing persuasively about a topic – such as in an evaluative essay . Generally, any time that a writer is required to provide a judgement about an aspect of an academic assignment (whether it’s an evaluation of the overall topic, a particular argument or a piece of evidence), that writer should make their stance very clear to the reader.
As will be discussed in more depth in Chapter 3, stance may be most easily demonstrated across thesis statements , topic sentences , evaluations of evidence, summary sentences and thesis restatements . In fact, to include stance most effectively, a writer will be required to remind the reader of their opinions and judgements at various points throughout an essay . To do this, there are particular language structures available to a writer, as is outlined in Chapter 2.
To reference this reader:
Academic Marker (2022) Stance . Available at: https://academicmarker.com/essay-writing/introductory-paragraphs/stance/ (Accessed: Date Month Year).
Once you’ve completed all three chapters about stance , you might also wish to download our beginner, intermediate and advanced worksheets to test your progress or print for your students. These professional PDF worksheets can be easily accessed for only a few Academic Marks .
Our stance academic reader (including all three chapters about this topic) can be accessed here at the click of a button.
Gain unlimited access to our stance beginner worksheet, with activities and answer keys designed to check a basic understanding of this reader’s chapters.
To check a confident understanding of this reader’s chapters , click on the button below to download our stance intermediate worksheet with activities and answer keys.
Our stance advanced worksheet with activities and answer keys has been created to check a sophisticated understanding of this reader’s chapter s.
To save yourself 5 Marks , click on the button below to gain unlimited access to all of our stance chapters and worksheets. The All-in-1 Pack includes every chapter in this reader, as well as our beginner, intermediate and advanced worksheets in one handy PDF.
Click on the button below to gain unlimited access to our stance teacher’s PowerPoint, which should include everything you’d need to successfully introduce this topic.
Home ➔ What's an Essay? ➔ What is an Argumentative Essay?
An argumentative essay is a piece of writing that takes a stance on an issue. The main purpose of an argumentative essay is to persuade the reader to agree with the writer’s point of view. This is done by presenting a strong argument, which is supported by evidence.
An argumentative text requires thorough research and analysis of all relevant sources. Unlike persuasive writing, this one shouldn’t rely on the emotional aspect when trying to convince the audience. What makes argument papers unique is that you are only to substantiate your position — no more, no less.
A good argumentative essay should have:
Mastering argumentative writing allows you to gain some valuable insights. It also gives you a competitive edge because it lets you hone your persuasive and critical thinking skills. Getting excellent marks should not be your sole priority. It teaches students how to argue their opinions, which is one of the most helpful skills.
First, scrutinize the definition. An argumentative essay is a piece of academic writing that presents a claim its author must prove. The capacity to write an effective argumentative paper can come in handy in different real-life situations. By using the skills you’ve gained while working on it, you can, for instance, persuade potential investors that your business is worth being funded.
A challenge many students might face is choosing a topic. But, there are other factors you should take into account before you start an effective argumentative essay:
Answer these questions when choosing a topic:
Topic example: let’s assume you want to write about gun control in your city or state. In a persuasive essay , you would try to persuade people that the government must implement stricter policies or make them less stringent. But, in an argument paper, you would also have to suggest a specific way of dealing with gun control in your area.
180 Argumentative Essay Topics – discover more topics for argumentative papers.
In real life, you’ll often want to examine carefully every perspective on the issue and balance between them — don’t do it here.
In an argumentative paper, you must choose one side and stick to it.
It’s essential to show YOUR thoughts and ideas. You must tell the reader about YOUR perspective on the matter and how YOU see things developing.
When talking about your position in an argumentative essay:
If you struggle to understand what’s happening in the minds of people with opposing viewpoints, try following this algorithm:
Just presenting evidence won’t suffice. You must explain precisely how it backs your argument and why it is important. Your goal here is to show a clear link between the proof you give and the claim.
A mistake would be to assume that your reader knows everything about your topic, or that the subject is too simple to go into more detail. Yes, whoever is reading your argumentative paper can be familiar with the topic or the ideas you write about. Still, they won’t be able to know what we plan on doing with those ideas unless we provide enough explanations.
You can always cut out a few sentences. It’s like cutting a statue from a chunk of crude marble by removing the excess — it takes time to carve out a masterpiece from it.
Ask yourself these questions when evaluating evidence:
By answering those questions, you should be able to show how your evidence is connected with your argument.
What do you do after you’ve learned the argumentative essay definition? How do you actually start an argumentative essay?
We also have a separate detailed guide dedicated solely to this section: How to Write an Argumentative Essay
Begin by formulating essay topic ideas. The key ingredients of success are an impartial analysis of the selected subject, credible sources, and convincing arguments. To achieve that, pick a topic you like and are knowledgeable about. You might have a hard time choosing one, so try selecting a subject that would be relevant to your class.
Avoid mundane topics or unsolvable problems. If you cannot find information online, you can try local libraries or archives. The letter can be a lot of fun, allowing you to feel like the main character of “Independence Day.” An argument paper should be based on evidence from trusted and up-to-date sources. Therefore, exclude any references older than 5-10 years whenever possible.
Another critical pre-writing step is devising a plan. Referred to as an essay outline , it usually includes three major parts, but it’s not limited to that number. A standard argumentative essay is made up of three to five body paragraphs that explain your stance on the topic. Below is a detailed example of how an argumentative essay can be structured.
A plan will let you focus better on the topic. Search engines may offer too many template variations, so stick to the most common one, and decide how many body paragraphs you will have based on the number of supporting evidence. The information you have gathered during your research will help you decide.
Your introductory paragraph is the first thing the readers will set their eyes on. However, you should put it on the back burner and come back to it after you’re done writing the rest. You may consider including some surprising information or a funny story in the introduction to grab the readers’ attention. It would also be a good idea if you gave your readers some background details on the discussed matter.
Mention opposing views. When your work cites arguments of all the involved parties, it makes the audience perceive the author as more trustworthy and competent. So, you can mention some opposite standpoints to disprove them, thus strengthening your arguments.
Put all the core pieces together and sum up your arguments in the conclusion. Refer back to what you were talking about and summarize (rephrase) all the main points you have raised so far in your conclusion paragraph .
Below are resources where you can find good examples of argumentative essays on different topics.
1. Four samples by Skyline College.
Below, you can study four archived samples of argumentative papers in MLA style written on the following topics:
Each sample contains informative commentaries that explain every part of the paper. By studying the best examples, you can learn about:
2. Seven samples by Paola Brown from Maricopa Community College.
Although samples cannot boast explanatory comments, studying them will still be beneficial. Below are the argumentative papers by topic:
3 . This final one by Ashford University is just one example . However, the commentaries are exhaustive: highlighting and clarifying almost every little aspect.
After looking through all those samples, you will find out a lot about argumentative writing and have enough knowledge to create your paper.
Here are four easy argumentative essay writing tips:
Now, we hope you have a better idea of what argumentative assignments are and the best ways to handle this kind of task.
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Need editing and proofreading services, how to write an argumentative essay (examples included).
Argumentative essay writing, as the name implies, involves creating strong arguments based on facts and evidence. The goal of this essay is to convince the reader to adopt a logical viewpoint based on the available proof. It is a complex form of essay writing which requires extensive first-hand as well as second-hand research.
Let’s understand what an argumentative essay is and how to write it with the help of numerous argumentative essay examples. To guide you in your essay writing journey, we’ve also provided a well-structured argumentative essay outline.
Let’s start off with understanding what is an argumentative essay.
An argumentative essay is a piece of writing that convinces one to adopt a particular viewpoint, based on statistics and evidence. Unlike an expository essay, an argumentative essay involves adopting a particular point of view on a topic based on the available information.
Since it’s aimed at convincing the readers, it needs to contain strong supporting evidence. This requires a much more thorough examination of the available data sources. An argumentative essay is the most common essay type assigned in science, technology or even advanced literature courses in colleges.
A well-written argumentative essay makes use of information rather than personal opinion. For instance, the statement “beaches are better than mountains” makes for a poor argument. However, including statistical data and figures makes this argument more substantial. For instance “48% of Americans prefer beaches, whereas only 27% prefer mountains”
Now that we’ve understood the meaning of an argumentative essay, let’s take a look at its outline.
The argumentative essay structure is different from other essay types. Although its aim is to convince the reader to adopt a viewpoint, a good argumentative essay structure looks at an argument from all sides and also addresses the counterargument. The goal is to disprove the opposing arguments with the use of logic and the latest evidence.
There are three main argumentative essay formats. Let’s take a look:
This is the simplest structure of an argumentative essay when it comes to writing. It follows a logical path of introducing the argument, providing evidence supporting the argument, refuting counterarguments, and finally concluding your argument.
The following outline talks about the advantages of using nuclear power for environmental protection.
Advantages of Nuclear Power for Environmental Protection
I. Introduction
A. Background information on the topic
B. Thesis statement: Despite the negative reputation and potential risks associated with nuclear power, it is the best bet for our environment due to its low carbon emissions, high energy production, and advancements in safety technology.
II. Low carbon emissions
A. Explanation of carbon emissions and their impact on the environment
B. Comparison of nuclear power to other energy sources in terms of carbon emissions
C. Case studies and statistics supporting the low carbon emission of nuclear power
III. High energy production
A. Explanation of energy production and its importance
B. Comparison of nuclear power to other energy sources in terms of energy production
C. Case studies and statistics supporting the high energy production of nuclear power
IV. Advancements in safety technology
A. Explanation of nuclear power safety concerns
B. Overview of advancements in nuclear power safety technology
C. Comparison of nuclear power safety technology to other energy sources
D. Case studies and statistics supporting the advancements in nuclear power safety technology
V. Counterarguments and refutations
A. Discussion of common counterarguments against nuclear power
B. Refutation of counterarguments with evidence and examples
VI. Conclusion
A. Restatement of thesis
B. Summary of main points
C. Final thoughts on the importance of nuclear power in addressing environmental challenges.
This format is used to explain your stance on a highly polarizing, complex topic. It involves presenting your stance and comparing it with the generally accepted evidence. It also involves presenting the limitations of your claim along with rebuttals.
The following Toulmin essay outline highlights the dangers of genetic modification:
The Dark Side of Genetic Modification
B. Thesis statement: Genetic modification is dangerous due to the potential risks it poses to human health, the environment, and ethical concerns surrounding genetic engineering.
II. Claim 1: Risks to human health
A. Explanation of the potential risks to human health associated with genetic modification
B. Overview of studies and research that have shown adverse effects on human health
C. Evidence and examples supporting the claim
III. Claim 2: Risks to the environment
A. Explanation of the potential risks to the environment associated with genetic modification
B. Overview of studies and research that have shown negative impacts on the environment
IV. Claim 3: Ethical concerns
A. Explanation of the ethical concerns surrounding genetic engineering
B. Overview of the potential consequences of genetic modification on social, cultural, and ethical values
V. Counterargument and refutation
A. Discussion of common counterarguments in favor of genetic modification
V. Conclusion
C. Final thoughts on the dangers of genetic modification and the need for caution in its application.
This format acknowledges both sides of the argument and provides evidence as to why your stance is valid. It is the least confrontational form of argument which is used to convince to opposition to adopt your point of view.
The following Rogerian essay outline talks about why more government funds should be dedicated to space exploration.
A Cosmic Investment
B. Thesis statement: While some may argue that government funds should be allocated towards pressing issues on earth, dedicating more funds to space travel is necessary because of the technological advancements it brings, the potential for scientific discoveries, and economic benefits.
II. Understanding the opposing arguments
A. Explanation of the opposing viewpoint’s concerns and arguments
B. Acknowledgement of valid points made by the opposing viewpoint
C. Statement of common ground between the opposing viewpoint and the argument
III. Presenting the supporting arguments
A. Explanation of the technological advancements made possible through space travel
B. Overview of the scientific discoveries that have been made possible through space exploration
C. Explanation of the economic benefits of space travel and the growth of the space industry
IV. Addressing concerns of the opposition
A. Discussion of concerns raised by the opposing viewpoint and why they should not prevent the dedication of funds to space travel
B. Explanation of how funding for space travel can coexist with funding for pressing issues on earth
C. Evidence and examples to support the argument
V. Common ground and conclusion
A. Restatement of the thesis statement
B. Summary of the main points of the argument
C. Statement of common ground and call to action for continued exploration of space.
Now that you’ve learned how to structure, let’s understand how to write an argumentative essay.
Although the process of writing an argumentative essay is similar to other essay types, it requires much more research and planning. Developing an argument requires a significant understanding of the subject matter from all angles.
Let’s take a look at the steps to writing an argumentative essay:
1. Choose appropriate argumentative essay topics.
Although topics for an argumentative essay are highly diverse, they are based on a controversial stance. So, make sure that your argumentative essay topics are debatable. Here are a few examples of good argumentative essay topics:
Should animal testing be prohibited?
Should sports be segregated by gender?
Are wildlife sanctuaries ethical?
2. Construct a thesis statement.
The thesis statement involves taking a stance on your topic. For instance, if your topic is “Should school uniforms be mandatory?”, your thesis statement will take a stance for, or against this. However, make sure that your thesis statement has sufficient evidence from reliable sources to back it up.
Let’s take a look at a thesis statement example for the topic “Why four-day work-weeks should be encouraged”:
A four-day workweek is a viable solution for reducing employee burnout, enhancing work-life balance, and improving overall productivity. It not only promotes a healthier and happier workforce but also reduces costs for employers.
3. Collect evidence.
After taking your stance on your essay topic, it’s time to back it up with facts, evidence, and statistics. This requires an extensive amount of research.
Make sure to facilitate your research from reputed sources. To make your essay up-to-date and reliable, you can even collect evidence with the help of surveys and experiments.
Next, sort your evidence into main points to create a basic outline of your essay. This is also a good time to address the counterarguments to your stance.
4. Write the first draft.
After developing the outline, it’s time to flesh it out. Start by constructing an interesting hook, and providing background information for your thesis statement in the introduction.
Next, elaborate on the topic sentences that provide support to your thesis statement. You can add statistics and empirical data along with plenty of direct quotes and citations to give credibility to your essay.
And finally, conclude your essay with a summarization of the main points of your essay along with the key takeaway. A powerful conclusion not only allows the readers to see your viewpoint but also creates a lasting impression on their minds.
5. Edit your draft.
Your first draft may not be perfect. Make sure to optimize the sentence structure and word choice. Also, modify your arguments if necessary. You can have friends and family go over your essay and spot any errors that slip through the cracks. For a more fool-proof, error-free essay you can also take the help of professional essay proofreading services .
Now that we’ve understood how to write an effective argumentative essay, let’s take a look at an example of an argumentative essay.
To guide you in your essay-writing journey, we’ve provided you with an argumentative essay example. It discusses the ill effects of automation. This essay is slightly longer in length and deviates from the commonly used five-paragraph structure.
The rise of autonomous machines has revolutionized the manufacturing industry, with robots now able to perform tasks that were once done exclusively by human workers. While this technology has undoubtedly improved efficiency and productivity, the question remains whether companies should be required to hire human workers over using autonomous machines.
The use of autonomous machines has resulted in job losses in the manufacturing industry. According to a study by the Brookings Institution, the use of robots in the United States has led to the loss of over 1.7 million jobs since 2000. While automation has created new jobs in certain industries, such as software development and engineering, the number of jobs lost is significantly higher.
Hiring human workers also has a positive impact on the economy. According to a report by the National Bureau of Economic Research, every robot that replaces a human worker leads to a net loss of 1.6 jobs. This means that for every 10 robots introduced into the workforce, 16 jobs are lost. Hiring human workers over using autonomous machines can help to create more jobs and improve the overall economic situation.
In addition to the economic benefits, human workers offer several advantages over autonomous machines. Human workers are able to adapt to changing situations and problem-solve in a way that machines cannot. This is particularly important in industries where there is a high level of variability in the work being done.
Furthermore, the use of autonomous machines can lead to safety concerns in the workplace. While robots have become increasingly sophisticated, they are still prone to malfunctions and errors. In some cases, this can lead to workplace accidents and injuries. Human workers are able to identify potential safety hazards and take preventative measures to reduce the risk of accidents.
Although the use of autonomous machines has led to increased efficiency and productivity, their negative impact cannot be ignored. Hiring human workers over using autonomous machines can create jobs, improve the economy, and offer many more advantages. Additionally, the safety concerns associated with the use of autonomous machines highlight the importance of prioritizing human workers. Human workers are more adept at ensuring the well-being of the workforce and the economy as a whole. Therefore, they should be prioritized over machines.
We hope the above explanation and examples have clarified the basics of writing argumentative essays. As providers of essay editing services , we understand how writing good essays is not a piece of cake.
To help you write good essays, our team has created detailed resources. Continue reading to take your essay-writing skills to the next level!
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To be effective, an argumentative essay must contain elements to help persuade the audience to see things from your perspective. These components include a compelling topic, a balanced assessment, strong evidence, and persuasive language.
To find a good topic for an argumentative essay, consider several issues and choose a few that spark at least two solid, conflicting points of view. As you look over a list of topics , find one that really piques your interest, as you'll be more successful if you're passionate about your topic.
Once you have selected a topic you feel strongly about, make a list of points for both sides of the argument. When shaping an argument you'll have to explain why your belief is reasonable and logical, so list points you can use as evidence for or against an issue. Ultimately, determine your side of the argument and make sure you can back up your point of view with reasoning and evidence. Work against the opposing point of view and prove why your stance is correct.
One of your essay's first objectives will be to assess both sides of your issue. Consider strong arguments for both your side, as well as the "other" side—in order to shoot their statements down. Provide evidence without drama; sticking to the facts and clear examples that support your stance.
You may look for research that provides statistics on your topic that support your reasoning, as well as examples of how your topic impacts people, animals, or even the Earth. Interviewing experts on your topic can also help you structure a compelling argument.
Once you've given yourself a solid foundation of information, begin to craft your essay. An argument essay, as with all essays, should contain three parts: the introduction , the body, and the conclusion . The length of paragraphs in these parts will vary depending on the length of your essay assignment.
As in any essay, the first paragraph of your argument essay should introduce the topic with a brief explanation of your topic, some background information, and a thesis statement . In this case, your thesis is a statement of your position on a specific controversial topic.
The body of your essay should contain the meat of your argument. Go into more detail about the two sides of your topic and state the strongest points of the counter-side of your issue.
After describing the "other" side, present your own viewpoint and then provide evidence to show why your position is the correct one. Work to discredit the other side using some of the information you discovered in your research. Choose your strongest evidence and present your points one by one. Use a mix of evidence, from statistics to other studies and anecdotal stories.
A strong conclusion can help summarize your point of view and reinforce with your reader why your stance is the best option. You might consider reserving one overwhelmingly shocking statistic for the conclusion, one that leaves no room for doubt in your reader's mind. At the very least, use this final paragraph or two as an opportunity to restate your position as the most sensible one.
When writing your essay, consider these tips to help craft the most rational and poignant argument for your readers. Avoid emotional language that can sound irrational. Know the difference between a logical conclusion and an emotional point of view.
Don't fabricate evidence and don't use untrustworthy sources for evidence, and be sure to cite your sources .
Argumentative writing.
The argumentative essay is a genre of writing that requires the student to investigate a topic; collect, generate, and evaluate evidence; and establish a position on the topic in a concise manner. Argumentative essays are also known as “persuasive essays,” “opinion essays,” or “position papers.” In an argumentative essay, the author adopts a position on a debatable issue and uses reason and evidence to convince the reader of his/her opinion.
One type of argumentative writing creates a logical argument to convince people that your idea or argument or position is more reasonable or sound than another one.To do this well it is important to state facts, evidence, and examples from research, case histories, testimony or quotes from experts, legal cases, and scientific experiments. In addition, argumentative writing techniques can be used to persuade people and get them to believe your idea and take action. Some of the ways you can do this is by appealing to reason or emotion, using vivid examples, and by getting testimony from people with first hand knowledge.
One type of argumentative text is the position paper . the position paper presents an arguable opinion about an issue. The goal of a position paper is to convince the audience that your opinion is valid and worth listening to. Your job is to take one side of the argument and present it in a manner that is easy for your audience to understand and shows them you have well-founded knowledge of the topic being presented. It is important to support your argument with evidence, as well as to speak to any counterclaims to show you are addressing all sides of the issue.
Similar to this, a proposal argument is one of the most common and effective forms of argumentation. A proposal argument defines a problem, suggests a remedy, solution or course of action for a specified audience; and uses specific tactics to persuade others to take action. Likewise, a persuasive essay is one in which you attempt to get the reader to agree with your point of view. You are trying to present arguments, research, and ideas in order to sway the reader one way or the other. The chart below shows the differences to remember when writing a position paper to inform, or a persuasive to influence others.
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When writing an academic essay, you are required to provide logical arguments to support your position or thesis for the essay topic.
Your position or thesis is not about your opinion or what you think about the essay question. Your thesis is about the various arguments or research evidence presented in the literature, that is, the pros and cons, advantages and disadvantages or strengths and shortcomings of these arguments or research studies.
This means you have to balance up in a debating style the arguments and research results found in the body of literature on the topic, both for and against the essay question.
It also means indicating, in your view, which are the strongest or more plausible arguments or findings and the reasons for this view. This is where your opinion is important -to explain why you think particular arguments or positions are the strongest or more convincing.
So, essentially your thesis or position in an essay is based around what others argue, show or have found , not about your personal opinion on the essay question.
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A hook in an essay or any piece of writing is like a fishing hook—it’s designed to grab your readers’ attention and draw them into the rest of your content. A well-crafted hook not only captures interest but also encourages readers to continue exploring what you have to say. If you’re unsure how to write a hook that’s engaging, this article will provide you with effective tips for writing compelling openings, ensuring your engagement remains high.
A hook in writing is essentially a compelling sentence or paragraph that grabs the reader's attention from the very beginning. It sets the tone for the piece and entices readers to continue exploring what you have to say. To craft an effective hook, it needs to be engaging, informative, and suitable for the intended audience. This means it should capture interest, convey relevant information, and be appropriate for the reader's level and context. By focusing on relevance, audience, and cohesion, you can create a strong hook that not only draws readers in but also aligns with the main thesis and purpose of your writing.
There are various types of hooks, each serving a different purpose and engaging the reader in unique ways.
Question Hook:
This type involves asking the reader a question that sparks their curiosity or gets them thinking.
For example:
"Have you ever watched the high-flying, jump shooting, slam dunking, ankle breaking players that play in the NBA?"
This question engages the reader by prompting them to visualize and think about the excitement of watching NBA players, setting the stage for a discussion about the thrill of the game.
Quotation Hook:
A quotation hook uses a relevant quote from a credible source to draw in the reader.
For instance:
"Some people want it to happen, some wish it would happen, others make it happen,” said Michael Jordan.
This quote from a famous athlete underscores the theme of determination and hard work, immediately connecting the reader to the topic of achieving success through effort.
Statistic Hook:
This type employs surprising or impressive statistics to catch the reader's eye.
"Just 0.00545 percent of the 550,000 boys playing high school basketball each year in the United States become a first-round draft pick."
This statistic highlights the incredibly slim chances of making it to the NBA, intriguing the reader with the stark reality and setting up a deeper exploration of what it takes to succeed in professional sports.
Anecdotal Hook:
An anecdotal hook uses a short story to illustrate a point and connect with the reader on a personal level.
"When I was in high school, I remember playing in an AAU basketball league and seeing a boy who practiced relentlessly every morning. Years later, he was drafted by the Philadelphia 76ers."
This story captivates the reader by providing a relatable and tangible example of dedication leading to success, making the topic more engaging and memorable.
Common Misconception Hook:
This type addresses a common misconception to grab the reader’s attention by challenging their existing beliefs.
"Many people believe that all professional athletes were naturally talented from a young age, but the truth is, most of them had to work incredibly hard to get where they are."
This hook piques the reader's interest by presenting surprising information that contradicts what they might think.
Rhetorical Statement Hook:
A rhetorical statement hook uses a bold statement or assertion to provoke thought or agreement.
"There's no shortcut to success in any field, including sports."
This kind of hook immediately sets a strong tone and encourages the reader to think about and agree with the statement, drawing them further into the essay.
Imagine yourself reading an article or an essay. Have you ever noticed that the first 2-3 lines set your entire mood? Either it looks interesting, or you might want to skip it. The same is true when someone reads your essay. This is why learning how to write a hook statement for an essay is crucial, and in this guide, I'll be sharing my process to help you write effective hook statements on your own.
I use a few simple steps for writing hook statements that help me craft an effective hook to engage readers and compel them to read further. Along with these steps, I also rely on writing tools, specifically WPS Office , which helps me significantly in writing a good hook. So, let's have a look at the process of learning how to write a hook for your essay, with a few examples.
First and foremost, you need to create an outline for your essay. This means your hook needs to be based on the information you plan to communicate through your essay. It's essential to lay the groundwork. Creating an outline helps you organize your thoughts and ensures your hook aligns perfectly with the rest of your essay.
Brainstorming:
To begin with your outline, start by brainstorming, where you can write down all the points you believe you can include in your essay. I usually carry out this step in WPS Writer, where I can type down all the important points I want to include in my essay. Additionally, if I find a few points on the internet, I can simply paste them into my WPS Writer document.
For example, let's say you're writing an essay about the impact of social media on mental health. Your main points might include:
The rise of social media usage
Positive effects on connectivity and community building
Negative impacts on self-esteem and anxiety
Strategies for healthy social media consumption
To further assist me in this process, I use WPS AI to help brainstorm ideas. A fresh perspective is always welcome, and when you're short on ideas, these suggestions can really enhance your essay.
Identify the Angle:
Once we have the main points, it's time to decide on the specific perspective or argument you want to present. This is where you'll start to shape your essay's unique voice. For instance, if your topic is social media, you might choose to focus on its double-edged nature, arguing that while it offers unprecedented connectivity, it also poses significant risks to mental well-being if not used mindfully.
Sketch the Structure:
With your main points and angle in mind, outline the basic structure of your essay. This doesn't need to be elaborate – a simple roadmap will do.
Your structure might look something like this:
Introduction (including your hook)
Brief history of social media's rise
Positive impacts on connectivity
Negative effects on mental health
Strategies for balanced use
Having this structure in place will help you craft a hook that seamlessly leads into the rest of your essay.
WPS AI can also assist in creating an outline. With a simple prompt, you can mention the details of your essay, and it will help you organize your main points and structure effectively.
With your outline ready, it's time to develop your thesis statement. This is the core argument of your essay, and your hook should pave the way for it.
Be Clear and Specific:
Your thesis statement should clearly articulate your stance on the topic. Avoid ambiguous or uncertain statements. Focus on writing a precise and debatable assertion that provides a solid foundation for your argument.
For our social media essay, a strong thesis might be:
"While social media platforms have revolutionized communication and community-building, their unchecked use can significantly impact mental health, necessitating a balanced approach to digital engagement."
Ensure Relevance:
Make sure your thesis connects directly with the hook you plan to write. Your hook should intrigue readers about the argument you're going to make.
Keep it Focused:
Resist the temptation to cover everything in your thesis. A focused thesis is easier to argue effectively and helps keep your essay on track.
Now for the exciting part – crafting your hook! Remember, the goal is to captivate your reader from the very first sentence. Let's look at some examples of different hook types we discussed earlier and break down why they work.
Example 1: The Question Hook
"Have you ever caught yourself mindlessly scrolling through your social media feed, only to look up and realize hours have passed?"
This hook works because it:
Directly engages the reader by asking a question
Relates to a common experience many readers can identify with
Introduces the topic of social media usage subtly
By posing this question, you're inviting readers to reflect on their own experiences, creating an immediate connection to your topic.
Example 2: The Statistic Hook
"In 2023, the average person spent 2 hours and 31 minutes per day on social media platforms – that's over 38 days a year scrolling, liking, and sharing."
This hook is effective because it:
Presents a surprising or shocking statistic
Immediately quantifies the impact of social media on our lives
Sets the stage for a discussion on the significance of social media use
Statistics like this grab attention by putting abstract concepts into concrete, relatable terms that can surprise or even shock your readers.
Example 3: The Anecdote Hook
"As I watched my teenage daughter burst into tears over a single Instagram post, I realized social media was no longer just a fun pastime – it had become a powerful force shaping her self-image and mental health."
This hook works well because it:
Tells a brief, relatable story
Evokes emotion and empathy
Introduces the theme of social media's impact on mental health through a personal lens
Personal stories can be powerful hooks, drawing readers in with emotional resonance and real-world relevance.
Example 4: The Quote Hook
"'We are creating and encouraging a culture of distraction where we are increasingly disconnected from the people and events around us,' warns technology ethicist Tristan Harris."
This hook is powerful because it:
Uses an expert's words to lend authority to your topic
Introduces a critical perspective on social media
Sets up a discussion on the broader implications of our digital habits
Quotes from experts can lend credibility to your essay right from the start, setting the tone for a well-researched discussion.
When writing your hook, consider your audience and the tone of your essay. Choose a hook style that aligns with your topic and engages your readers effectively. Don't be afraid to write several versions and ask for feedback – sometimes the perfect hook takes a few tries to get right.
And if you're still having trouble writing a perfect hook for your essay, you can try using WPS AI features like Improve Writing to craft more effective hooks. WPS AI will help ensure your hook reads well and communicates your message clearly to readers.
WPS Office is an excellent tool for anyone looking to enhance their writing. It's particularly useful as a writing companion, helping you refine your sentences, choose the right words, and correct errors. If you're struggling with writer's block, especially when trying to craft an engaging hook for your article, WPS Office can assist you in several ways.
Invoke the AI Writing Assistant:
This feature offers tailored suggestions for opening sentences or paragraphs that are designed to grab attention. It can help generate various types of hooks, such as intriguing questions, startling facts, or impactful quotes. By analyzing your topic and audience, the AI Writing Assistant provides options that resonate well, making it easier to start with a strong, engaging hook.
Request Feedback from the AI Chatbot:
The AI Chatbot reviews your initial draft and provides targeted feedback on your hook. It evaluates the effectiveness of your opening lines, suggesting ways to enhance their impact or refine your approach. Whether your hook needs more clarity, engagement, or relevance, the chatbot’s feedback helps you make necessary adjustments to ensure it captures and retains your readers' interest.
1. why is it important to have a good essay hook.
A well-crafted essay hook is essential as it captures the reader's attention and motivates them to continue reading. Without a captivating hook, readers may lose interest and discontinue reading. An engaging hook ensures that the audience remains invested, thereby enhancing the likelihood of effectively conveying the essay's message.
A hook is a statement that captures the reader's attention and is positioned at the beginning of the introduction. A thesis explains the main point of the essay, paper, or other writing. Typically, a hook appears as the attention-grabbing opener, followed by additional sentences that connect it to the thesis, which presents the primary argument or premise of the writing.
A hook is typically one to two sentences long and appears at the beginning of the introduction. It should be brief and engaging to quickly capture the reader's attention and encourage them to continue reading.
As a writer, I often face challenges in writing something clever enough to grab readers' attention. That’s why I rely on WPS Office to help me on how to write a hook and its suite of tools to assist with my writing and content sharing. WPS Office offers a wealth of amazing tools and services that benefit everyone who uses them. I highly recommend downloading WPS Office to experience its powerful features for yourself.
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Violence stalks the president who has rejoiced in violence to others.
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When a madman hammered nearly to death the husband of then–House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, Donald Trump jeered and mocked . One of Trump’s sons and other close Trump supporters avidly promoted false claims that Paul Pelosi had somehow brought the onslaught upon himself through a sexual misadventure.
After authorities apprehended a right-wing-extremist plot to abduct Michigan Governor Gretchen Whitmer, Trump belittled the threat at a rally. He disparaged Whitmer as a political enemy. His supporters chanted “Lock her up.” Trump laughed and replied , “Lock them all up.”
Fascism feasts on violence. In the years since his own supporters attacked the Capitol to overturn the 2020 election—many of them threatening harm to Speaker Pelosi and Vice President Mike Pence—Trump has championed the invaders, would-be kidnappers, and would-be murderers as martyrs and hostages. He has vowed to pardon them if returned to office. His own staffers have testified to the glee with which Trump watched the mayhem on television.
Now the bloodshed that Trump has done so much to incite against others has touched him as well. The attempted murder of Trump—and the killing of a person nearby—is a horror and an outrage. More will be learned about the man who committed this appalling act, and who was killed by the Secret Service. Whatever his mania or motive, the only important thing about him is the law-enforcement mistake that allowed him to bring a deadly weapon so close to a campaign event and gain a sight line of the presidential candidate. His name should otherwise be erased and forgotten.
It is sadly incorrect to say, as so many have, that political violence “has no place” in American society. Assassinations, lynchings, riots, and pogroms have stained every page of American political history. That has remained true to the present day. In 2016 , and even more in 2020, Trump supporters brought weapons to intimidate opponents and vote-counters. Trump and his supporters envision a new place for violence as their defining political message in the 2024 election. Fascist movements are secular religions. Like all religions, they offer martyrs as their proof of truth. The Mussolini movement in Italy built imposing monuments to its fallen comrades. The Trump movement now improves on that: The leader himself will be the martyr in chief, his own blood the basis for his bid for power and vengeance.
Christopher R. Browning: A new kind of fascism
The 2024 election was already shaping up as a symbolic contest between an elderly and weakening liberalism too frail and uncertain to protect itself and an authoritarian, reactionary movement ready to burst every barrier and trash every institution. To date, Trump has led only a minority of U.S. voters, but that minority’s passion and audacity have offset what it lacks in numbers. After the shooting, Trump and his backers hope to use the iconography of a bloody ear and face, raised fist, and call to “Fight!” to summon waverers to their cause of installing Trump as an anti-constitutional ruler, exempted from ordinary law by his allies on the Supreme Court.
Other societies have backslid to authoritarianism because of some extraordinary crisis: economic depression, hyperinflation, military defeat, civil strife. In 2024, U.S. troops are nowhere at war. The American economy is booming, providing spectacular and widely shared prosperity. A brief spasm of mild post-pandemic inflation has been overcome. Indicators of social health have abruptly turned positive since Trump left office after years of deterioration during his term. Crime and fatal drug overdoses are declining in 2024; marriages and births are rising. Even the country’s problems indirectly confirm the country’s success: Migrants are crossing the border in the hundreds of thousands, because they know, even if Americans don’t, that the U.S. job market is among the hottest on Earth.
Yet despite all of this success, Americans are considering a form of self-harm that in other countries has typically followed the darkest national failures: letting the author of a failed coup d’état return to office to try again.
One reason this self-harm is nearing consummation is that American society is poorly prepared to understand and respond to radical challenges, once those challenges gain a certain mass. For nearly a century, “radical” in U.S. politics has usually meant “fringe”: Communists, Ku Kluxers, Black Panthers, Branch Davidians, Islamist jihadists. Radicals could be marginalized by the weight of the great American consensus that stretches from social democrats to business conservatives. Sometimes, a Joe McCarthy or a George Wallace would throw a scare into that mighty consensus, but in the past such challengers rarely formed stable coalitions with accepted stakeholders in society. Never gaining an enduring grip on the institutions of state, they flared up and burned out.
Trump is different. His abuses have been ratified by powerful constituencies. He has conquered and colonized one of the two major parties. He has defeated—or is on the way to defeating—every impeachment and prosecution to hold him to account for his frauds and crimes. He has assembled a mass following that is larger, more permanent, and more national in reach than any previous American demagogue. He has dominated the scene for nine years already, and he and his supporters hope they can use yesterday’s appalling event to extend the Trump era to the end of his life and beyond.
The American political and social system cannot treat such a person as an alien. It inevitably accommodates and naturalizes him. His counselors, even the thugs and felons, join the point-counterpoint dialogue at the summit of the American elite. President Joe Biden nearly wrecked his campaign because he felt obliged to meet Trump in debate. How could Biden have done otherwise? Trump is the three-time nominee of the Republican Party; it’s awkward and strange to treat him as an insurrectionist against the American state—though that’s what Trump was and is.
David Frum: Biden’s heartbreaking press conference
The despicable shooting at Trump, which also caused death and injury to others, now secures his undeserved position as a partner in the protective rituals of the democracy he despises. The appropriate expressions of dismay and condemnation from every prominent voice in American life have the additional effect of habituating Americans to Trump’s legitimacy. In the face of such an outrage, the familiar and proper practice is to stress unity, to proclaim that Americans have more things in common than that divide them. Those soothing words, true in the past, are less true now.
Nobody seems to have language to say: We abhor, reject, repudiate, and punish all political violence, even as we maintain that Trump remains himself a promoter of such violence, a subverter of American institutions, and the very opposite of everything decent and patriotic in American life.
The Republican National Convention, which opens this week, will welcome to its stage apologists for Vladimir Putin’s Russia and its aggression against U.S. allies. Trump’s own infatuation with Russia and other dictatorships has not dimmed even slightly with age or experience. Yet all of these urgent and necessary truths must now be subordinated to the ritual invocation of “thoughts and prayers” for someone who never gave a thought or uttered a prayer for any of the victims of his own many incitements to bloodshed. The president who used his office to champion the rights of dangerous people to own military-type weapons says he was grazed by a bullet from one such assault rifle.
Conventional phrases and polite hypocrisy fill a useful function in social life. We say “Thank you for your service” both to the decorated hero and to the veteran who barely escaped dishonorable discharge. It’s easier than deciphering which was which. We wish “Happy New Year!” even when we dread the months ahead.
Adrienne LaFrance: Thoughts, prayers, and Facebook rants aren’t enough
But conventional phrases don’t go unheard. They carry meanings, meanings no less powerful for being rote and reflexive. In rightly denouncing violence, we are extending an implicit pardon to the most violent person in contemporary U.S. politics. In asserting unity, we are absolving a man who seeks power through the humiliation and subordination of disdained others.
Those conventional phrases are inscribing Trump into a place in American life that he should have forfeited beyond redemption on January 6, 2021. All decent people welcome the sparing of his life. Trump’s reckoning should be with the orderly process of law, not with the bloodshed he rejoiced in when it befell others. He and his allies will exploit a gunman’s vicious criminality as their path to exonerate past crimes and empower new ones. Those who stand against Trump and his allies must find the will and the language to explain why these crimes, past and planned, are all wrong, all intolerable—and how the gunman and Trump, at their opposite ends of a bullet’s trajectory, are nonetheless joined together as common enemies of law and democracy.
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The components of a claim are:
A claim is probably the single most important part of an argument.
A claim should be supported by evidence, quotations, argumentation, expert opinion, statistics, and telling details.
A claim is the main argument of an essay. The claim is the position on a subject matter.
A strong claim is a vital component of an argument or essay.
It should express a clear position, be supported by relevant evidence, and guide the overall argumentative structure of the writing.
A claim is a statement that expresses a specific position or assertion that forms the foundation of an argument.
A strong claim is not merely an opinion or assertion; it should be backed up by relevant evidence and logical reasoning.
A claim must be argumentative (Opposing Sides).
This statement is not entirely accurate. While a claim can be argumentative in the sense that it presents a debatable position, it does not necessarily require opposing sides.
A claim is the main argument of an essay.
The claim is the position on a subject matter.
This statement is accurate
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The subject matter of this sentence is related to statistical hypothesis testing, specifically the chi-square test. The sentence describes a scenario where the observed values and expected values are the same, which implies that there is no significant difference between the observed and expected values. In this case, the chi-square value would be 0, indicating that the observed values fit the expected distribution perfectly. The chi-square test is commonly used in various fields, including biology, social sciences, and engineering, to test the goodness-of-fit of observed data to a theoretical distribution.
The subject matter of this sentence is statistical hypothesis testing, specifically the chi-square test, and how it is used to test the goodness-of-fit of observed data to a theoretical distribution in various fields such as biology, social sciences, and engineering.
The sentence also discusses a scenario where the observed values and expected values are the same, which leads to a chi-square value of 0, indicating a perfect fit between the observed and expected distributions.
what is distribution?
In statistics, a distribution refers to the way that a set of data is spread out or distributed across a range of values. It is a mathematical function that describes the probabilities of occurrence of different possible outcomes in a random event. A distribution can be described by its central tendency (e.g. mean, median, mode) and its variability (e.g. range, variance, standard deviation). Some common types of distributions include normal distributions, binomial distributions, and Poisson distributions, each of which has its own unique set of characteristics and uses. Understanding the distribution of data is important in statistical analysis as it can help to identify patterns, trends, and relationships between variables.
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Triangle CDE is translated down and to the right, forming triangle C'D'E'. Which congruency statement is correct?
Rufus saves $48 a week for 6 weeks. During his 5 -day business trip, he plans to spend $32.50 each day for meals. Which expression shows how much money he will have left?
(48x6) - (32.50x5)
Step-by-step explanation:
48 dollars a week which means for 6 weeks , 32.50 per day - for 5 days equals to 32.50x 5
Point B has coordinates (3,2). The x-coordinate of point A is 3. The distance between point-A and point B is 10 unit. What are the possible coordinates of point A?
-----------------------
The x-coordinates of A and B are same .
It means the distance between the points determined by the difference of the y-coordinates .
The possible y-coordinate of point A is obtained by adding or subtracting the distance from the value of y = 2.
So possible coordinates are:
The possible coordinates of point A are:
[tex](3,8)[/tex] , [tex](3,-12)[/tex].
According to the question:
x = [tex](3,2)[/tex]
A = [tex](3,a)[/tex]
distance = [tex]10[/tex] unit
we have to find a .
According to the distance formula , the distance between two points having coordinates (p,q) and (r,s) is:
distance = [tex]\sqrt{(p-r)^{2} + (q-s)^{2}}[/tex]
This formula is derived by using Pythagoras's theorem .
By substituting the values given to us in the above equation we get: distance = [tex]\sqrt{(3-3)^{2} + (2-a)^{2}}[/tex][tex]= 10[/tex]
[tex]\sqrt{(2-a)^{2}} = 10[/tex]
±[tex](2-a) = 10[/tex]
[tex]2- a=10[/tex] or [tex]a-2 = 10[/tex]
[tex]a[/tex] = [tex]-8[/tex] or [tex]12[/tex]
Therefore, the possible coordinates of point A are [tex](3,8)[/tex] or [tex](3,-12)[/tex].
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Langston is ordering a burrito. For the main protein, he is given the option of veggie, chicken, carnitas, al pastor, or carne asada. For the beans, he is given the option of no beans, black beans, refried beans, or pinto beans. How many possible order combinations are there?
There are 20 possible order combinations are there.
Since, To multiply means to add a number to itself a particular number of times. Multiplication can be viewed as a process of repeated addition.
Here, Given that;
For the main protein , he is given the option of veggie, chicken, carnitas, al pastor, or carne asada.
And, For the beans , he is given the option of no beans, black beans, refried beans, or pinto beans.
Hence, Number of possible order combinations are there is,
Thus, There are 20 possible order combinations are there.
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1. each block has a weight of 400 lb. determine how far the force p can compress the spring until block b slips on block a. what is p for this to occur?
The answer is 1. P = μs * 400 lb, and 2. we have static friction μs * 400 lb = k * x. From the given information, we can solve for P and find the value required for block B to slip on block A.
To determine how far the force P can compress the spring until block B slips on block A, we need to consider the equilibrium of forces acting on the system.
When the blocks are in equilibrium , the force P will be equal to the static friction between block A and block B, preventing slipping. The maximum static friction force can be calculated as the product of the coefficient of static friction (μs) and the normal force between the blocks.
The normal force between the blocks is equal to the weight of block B, which is 400 lb. Therefore, the maximum static friction force is μs * 400 lb.
Once the spring is compressed to a certain distance, it will exert a force in the opposite direction, opposing the force P. At the point of slipping, the force exerted by the spring will equal the maximum static friction force.
Therefore, we have P = μs * 400 lb.
To determine the distance the spring compresses, we need to consider Hooke's Law , which states that the force exerted by the spring is directly proportional to the distance it is compressed.
The equation can be written as P = k * x, where k is the spring constant and x is the distance of compression.
Combining both equations, we have μs * 400 lb = k * x.
From the given information, we can solve for P and find the value required for block B to slip on block A.
Please note that specific values for the coefficient of static friction (μs) and the spring constant (k) are needed to obtain a numerical result.
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Solve for t: w = -275t + 1,925
Find the area inside the oval limaçon r = 8+3 cos 0. The area inside the oval limaçon is. (Type an exact answer, using a as needed. )
The area inside the limaçon r = 8 + 3 cos θ is 20π. The limaçon does not cross the x-axis and its graph is contained in the first and fourth quadrants.
The area inside the limaçon r = 8 + 3 cos θ is given by:
A = (1/2) ∫[a,b] r^2(θ) dθ
where r = 8 + 3 cos θ and a, b are the limits of integration.
To find a and b, we note that the limaçon has a vertical axis of symmetry and its graph is symmetric about the line θ = π/2. Thus, we can find the area of one half of the limaçon and double the result to get the total area.
The limaçon intersects the x-axis when r = 0, which occurs when:
8 + 3 cos θ = 0
cos θ = -8/3
This equation has no real solutions, since the cosine function has a maximum value of 1. Therefore, the limaçon does not cross the x-axis and its graph is contained in the first and fourth quadrants.
The limaçon has a minimum value when cos θ = -1, which occurs when θ = π. Its maximum value occurs when cos θ = 1, which occurs when θ = 0 or 2π.
Therefore, we can choose a = 0 and b = π to integrate over one half of the limaçon.
Substituting r and integrating, we get:
A = 2 ∫[0,π/2] (8 + 3 cos θ)^2 / 2 dθ
A = 2 ∫[0,π/2] (64 + 48 cos θ + 9 cos^2 θ) / 2 dθ
A = 2 [ 32θ + 24 sin θ + (9/2) sin 2θ ] [0,π/2]
A = 2 [ 16π + 24 ] / 2
Therefore, the area inside the limaçon r = 8 + 3 cos θ is 20π.
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how do i find the perimeter of a rectangle with the length of 7 5/6 and width of 9 2/9
A rectangle's width and length are respectively 4 and 9.5 feet. The rectangle's circumference is therefore 27n + 2 feet. A rectangle is a quadrilateral with four right angles in the Euclidean plane.
The rectangle' s length is 9.5n + 10 and its width is 4n - 9. The lengths of all four sides must be added up in order to determine the rectangle' s perimeter.
P = width + two (length)
Substituting the width and length expressions:
P = 2(4n - 9) + 2(9.5n + 10)
Adding and subtracting:
P = 8n - 18 + 19n + 20
P = 27n + 2
Therefore, the rectangle's perimeter is 27n + 2 feet.
It may alternatively be described as a parallelogram with a right angle or an equiangular quadrilateral, where equiangular denotes that all of its angles are equal. A square is a rectangle with four equally long sides.
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complete question
The width of a rectangle i 4n-9. 5 feet and the length i 9. 5n10 feet. Find the perimeter of the rectangle
4. The distance between flaws on a long cable is exponentially distributed with mean 12 m a. Find the probability that there are exactly 5 flaws in a 50 m length of cable.?
To solve this problem, we can use the Poisson distribution , which is often used to model the number of events occurring in a fixed interval of time or space.
Given that the distance between flaws on a long cable is exponentially distributed with a mean of 12 m, we can calculate the average number of flaws per unit length as λ = 1/12.
To find the probability of exactly 5 flaws in a 50 m length of cable, we can use the Poisson distribution formula:
P(X = k) = (e^(-λ) * λ^k) / k!
where X is the random variable representing the number of flaws, λ is the average number of flaws per unit length, and k is the desired number of flaws.
In this case, we want to find P(X = 5) for a 50 m length of cable. So, we substitute λ = 1/12 and k = 5 into the formula:
P(X = 5) = (e^(-1/12) * (1/12)^5) / 5!
Calculating this expression will give us the probability of exactly 5 flaws in a 50 m length of cable.
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In the diagram below, the circle is being intersected by two tangent line HELP PLS !
The value of y for the line BC tangent to the circle D is equal to 4, which makes the first option correct.
The tangent to a circle theorem states that a line is tangent to a circle if and only if the line is perpendicular to the radius drawn to the point of tangency
The triangles BAD and BCD is are congruent which implies that BA is equal to BC so:
divide through by the coefficient of y;
Therefore, the value of y for the line BC tangent to the circle D is equal to 4.
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Does someone mind helping me with this? Thank you!
The solutions of the system of equations are:
(2, -9) and (1, -8)
Here we want to solve the system of equations:
y = x² - 4x - 5
To solve this we can write:
-x - 7 = x² - 4x - 5
We can rewrite this as:
x² - 4x - 5 + x + 7 = 0
x² - 3x + 2 = 0
Using the quadratic formula we will get the solutions:
[tex]x = \frac{3 \pm \sqrt{(-3)^2 - 4*1*2} }{2*1}\\ \\x = \frac{3 \pm 1}{2}[/tex]
Then the two solutions are:
x = (3 + 1)/2 = 2
x = (3 - 1)/2 = 1
Evaluating the line in these values:
y = -2 - 7 = -9
y = -1 - 7 = -8
Then the solutions are (2, -9) and (1, -8)
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100 POINTS, Must answer correctly, i will add points when the question is answered correctly! I Promise! I rlly need this! Please answer all 5 questions, answer them fully, correctly, and in an organized manner. Use operations of decimal, fraction, and percent numbers and your models from Part (b) to solve the following application problems. In your final answer, include all of the necessary calculations. 1. A family dines in a popular franchise restaurant. At the end of the meal, they decide to leave their server a monetary tip that is equal to 20% of the total bill amount, $60. 50. How much will the family leave their server as a tip? 2. A family dines in a popular franchise restaurant. They plan to use a coupon that will give them a discount of 15% off of their total dinner bill, not including applicable sales tax or their server’s tip. If the family’s dinner bill totaled $34. 00 before tax and tip, how much money will they save by using the coupon? 3. A family dines in a popular franchise restaurant. They plan to use a coupon that will give them a discount of 10% off of their total dinner bill, not including applicable sales tax or their server’s tip. The bill totals $157. 30 before tax and tip. What is the new total after the server applies the 10% off coupon? 4. A family of eight dines in a popular franchise restaurant. The restaurant has a policy of including a standard tip to the final bill for parties larger than six people. The bill for the meal included a total of $58. 25 in food and beverage sales, plus a standard tip of $10. 49. What percent of the food and beverage sales does the restaurant consider to be a standard tip for parties larger than six? 5. A family dines in a popular franchise restaurant that has a policy of automatically including a 20% tip on all food and beverage sales before coupon discounts are applied. What is the family’s total bill amount if their food and beverages totaled $94. 20 and they used a 15% off coupon?
1 The family will leave a $12.10 tip for their server.
2 The family will save $5.10 by using the coupon.
3 The new total after the coupon is applied is $141.57.
4 The restaurant considers 18% of the food and beverage sales to be a standard tip for parties larger than six.
5 The family's total bill amount is $96.08.
To calculate the tip, we can multiply the total bill amount by the percentage tip:
Tip = 0.20 x $60.50 = $12.10
Therefore, the family will leave a $12.10 tip for their server.
To calculate the discount, we can multiply the total bill amount by the percentage discount:
Discount = 0.15 x $34.00 = $5.10
Therefore, the family will save $5.10 by using the coupon.
To calculate the new total after the discount , we can first find the amount of the discount:
Discount = 0.10 x $157.30 = $15.73
Then, we can subtract the discount from the total bill amount:
New Total = $157.30 - $15.73 = $141.57
Therefore, the new total after the coupon is applied is $141.57.
To find the percentage of the food and beverage sales that the restaurant considers to be a standard tip, we can divide the amount of the tip by the amount of the food and beverage sales and multiply by 100:
Tip percentage = ($10.49 / $58.25) x 100% = 18%
Therefore, the restaurant considers 18% of the food and beverage sales to be a standard tip for parties larger than six.
First, we can calculate the amount of the discount:
Discount = 0.15 x $94.20 = $14.13
Then, we can subtract the discount from the total food and beverage sales:
Total before tip = $94.20 - $14.13 = $80.07
Next, we can calculate the 20% tip on the total before coupon discounts:
Tip = 0.20 x $80.07 = $16.01
Finally, we can add the total before tip and the tip together to find the family's total bill amount:
Total bill = $80.07 + $16.01 = $96.08
Therefore, the family's total bill amount is $96.08.
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mark pushes his broken car 130 m down the block to his friend's house. he has to exert a 120 n horizontal force to push the car at a constant speed.
The work done by Mark in pushing his broken car 130 meters down the block with a 120 N horizontal force is 15,600 J (joules).
We can use the formula: Force (F) = mass (m) x acceleration (a) Since the car is not accelerating, the acceleration is 0 m/s^2. Therefore, we can solve for the mass of the car: 120 N = m x 0 m/s^2 m = 0 kg This is not a realistic value for the mass of a car, but it means that the car is not affected by gravity or any other forces that would cause it to accelerate. Now, we can calculate the work done by Mark on the car: Work (W) = force (F) x distance (d) W = 120 N x 130 m W = 15,600 J Therefore, Mark has exerted a total of 15,600 joules of work to push his broken car 130 meters down the block to his friend's house. To determine the work done by Mark in pushing his broken car 130 meters to his friend's house, we can use the formula for work: Work = Force x Distance x cos(theta). In this case, the horizontal force exerted is 120 N, and the distance is 130 m. Since Mark is pushing the car horizontally, the angle between the force and the displacement is zero degrees. The cosine of zero degrees is 1. So, the work done is Work = 120 N x 130 m x 1. To know more about horizontal visit :-
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define a function similarity() to calculate the movie taste similarity between two users. similarity is calculated as the ratio
There is a 13.3% chance that they will both enjoy a randomly selected movie.
The function similarity() is used to calculate the similarity between two users' movie tastes . This similarity is typically measured as a probability, or the likelihood that the two users will both enjoy a particular movie. To calculate similarity, we first need to define a set of criteria that we can use to compare the two users' movie preferences. This might include things like genre, rating, actor/actress, or director. Once we have our criteria, we can then compare the two users' movie lists and calculate the number of movies that they have in common. The similarity function can then be defined as the ratio of shared movies to total movies watched by both users. This ratio represents the probability that the two users will have similar tastes in movies. For example, if User A has watched 50 movies and User B has watched 100 movies, and they both have watched 20 movies in common, then their similarity score would be 20/(50+100) = 0.133. This means there is a 13.3% chance that they will both enjoy a randomly selected movie. To know more about probability visit:
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logarithm question please!
The solution for x is x = (log₅(2) - 3) / 5.
To solve the equation log₂((5x + 3)²) - log₍₅ₓ₊₃₎ 2 = 1, we can simplify it using logarithmic properties.
First, we can combine the two logarithms using the quotient rule of logarithms:
log₂(((5x + 3)²) / log₅(2) = 1.
Next, we can convert the equation to exponential form:
2¹ = ((5x + 3)²) / log₅(2).
2 = ((5x + 3)²) / log₅(2).
2 . log₅(2) = (5x + 3)².
log₅(2²) = (5x + 3)².
Using the property logₐ(b²) = 2 * logₐ(b), we have:
2 . log₅(2) = 2 * (5x + 3).
log₅(2) = 5x + 3.
Finally, we isolate x by subtracting 3 and dividing by 5:
log₅(2) - 3 = 5x.
x = (log₅(2) - 3) / 5.
So, the solution for x is x = (log₅(2) - 3) / 5.
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a=2bc b=0.554 (3sf) c=6000(1sf) Work out the lower bound for the value of a. Give your answer correct to 3 decimal places when appropriate.
The lower bound for the value of A is approximately 5535.
Given the equation A = 2bc and the values b = 0.554 (to 3 significant figures) and c = 6000 (to 1 significant figure), we can calculate the lower bound for the value of a.
To find the lower bound, we need to consider the maximum possible value for b and c within their respective rounding limits.
For b = 0.554 (to 3 significant figures), the lower bound would be the smallest value that is still within the range of possible values for b.
Since b is given to 3 significant figures, the lower bound can be considered as 0.5535, which retains the three significant figures.
For c = 6000 (to 1 significant figure), the lower bound would be the largest value that is still within the range of possible values for c.
Since c is given to 1 significant figure, the lower bound can be considered as 5000, which retains the one significant figure.
Now, we can substitute the lower bound values of b and c into the equation A = 2bc:
[tex]A = 2 \times 0.5535 \times 5000[/tex]
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Find a basis B for the domain of T such that the matrix for T relative to B is diagonal. T: R3 → R3: T(x, y, z) = (−4x + 2y − 3z, 2x − y − 6z, −x − 2y − 2z) B = ____
The matrix for T relative to B will be a diagonal matrix with the entries corresponding to the components of the vectors in B.
To find a basis B for the domain of T such that the matrix for T relative to B is diagonal, we need to find a set of linearly independent vectors that span the domain of T.
The domain of T is R^3, so we need to find vectors (x, y, z) that satisfy the equation T(x, y, z) = (−4x + 2y − 3z, 2x − y − 6z, −x − 2y − 2z) = (0, 0, 0).
Setting each component equal to zero, we get the following system of equations:
-4x + 2y - 3z = 0
2x - y - 6z = 0
-x - 2y - 2z = 0
We can solve this system of equations to find the solutions (x, y, z) that make T equal to the zero vector. Once we have the solutions, we can form a basis B using these vectors.
Solving the system of equations, we find that the solutions are:
x = -t, y = -2t, z = t, where t is a free parameter.
Thus, the solutions can be written as (x, y, z) = (-t, -2t, t), where t is a real number.
A basis B for the domain of T can be formed using these solutions:
B = {(-1, -2, 1)}.
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Question 9 of 9 At a summer camp there is one counselor for every 7 campers. Determine whether there is a direct variation between the number of campers, y, and the number of counselors, x. If so, find the equation of direct variation. no direct variation direct variation x = 7y O direct variation y = 7x + 7 O direct variation y = 7x
The equation of direct variation for this scenario is: y = 7x
In direct variation, the relationship between two variables can be expressed as y = kx, where k is a constant.
Therefore, the equation of direct variation for this scenario is:
This equation represents that the number of campers (y) is directly proportional to the number of counselors (x), with a constant ratio of 7.
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Identify the elements for each problem.
We can see here that identifying the elements for each circle , we have:
1. Circle: NOP
Diameter: OP
2. Circle: QSR
Diameter: SR
A circle is a fully round, two-dimensional geometric shape made up of all points in a plane that are equally spaced from a fixed center point. The radius (written by the letter "r") is the measurement from the circle's center to any point on its edge. The center point is frequently indicated as "O."
3. Circle: LMN
Diameter: MN
4. Circle: EFG
Diameter: FG
5. Circle: BCD
Diameter : CD
6. Circle: GJH
Diameter: JH
7. Circle: KLM
Diameter: LM
8. Circle: PRQ
Diameter: QR
9. Circle : HJK
Diameter: JK
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suppose that b is a 5 cross times 5 matrix with three eigenvalues. one eigenvalue has a three dimensional eigenspace. which of the following statements are correct?
There are two correct statements regarding a 5 by 5 matrix with three eigenvalues , one of which has a three-dimensional eigenspace .
First, there must be at least two linearly independent eigenvectors associated with the eigenvalue that has a three-dimensional eigenspace . Second, the sum of the dimensions of the eigenspaces must be equal to the size of the matrix, which is 5 in this case.
To understand the first statement, recall that the dimension of an eigenspace is equal to the multiplicity of the associated eigenvalue , which is the number of times it appears as a root of the characteristic equation. Since one of the eigenvalues has a three-dimensional eigenspace , its multiplicity must be at least 3. This means there are at least 3 linearly independent eigenvectors associated with this eigenvalue , which is necessary to span a three-dimensional space. However, the sum of the multiplicities of all eigenvalues cannot exceed the size of the matrix , which is 5. Therefore, the remaining two eigenvalues must have a combined multiplicity of 2 at most, which implies that there are at most 2 linearly independent eigenvectors associated with each of them.
To understand the second statement, note that the sum of the dimensions of the eigenspaces is equal to the sum of the multiplicities of all eigenvalues . This follows from the fact that the eigenspaces associated with distinct eigenvalues are linearly independent. Since there are three distinct eigenvalues in this case, the sum of their multiplicities is at most 5, which means the sum of the dimensions of their eigenspaces is also at most 5. Since one of the eigenspaces has dimension 3, the sum of the dimensions of the other two eigenspaces must be at least 2, which means each of them has at least one linearly independent eigenvector .
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Find the volume of the right cone. Round your answer to the nearest hundredth. A right cone with height labeled 22 feet. The angle between the radius and slant height measures 60 degrees. Right angle formed by the height and the radius of the base is marked. The volume is about cubic feet.
After considering all the given data we conclude that the volume of the given right circular cone is 2,834.67 cubic feet, under the given condition that The volume is about cubic feet . The volume of a right circular cone is given by the formula [tex]V = (1/3)\pi r^2h[/tex] Here, r = radius of the base h = height of the cone. The slant height s can be evaluated applying the formula [tex]s = \sqrt{(r^2 + h^2)^3} .[/tex] For the given case, it is know that the height of the cone is 22 feet and the angle between the radius and slant height measures 60 degrees. We can applu trigonometry to find the radius of the base. The sine of 60 degrees is equal to the opposite side (radius) over the hypotenuse (slant height). Therefore, r = s sin(60) = 22 sin(60) ≈ 19.05 feet . Now we can stage r and h into the formula for volume: V = (1/3)π(19.05)²(22) V = 1/3 ×3.14 × 362.9 × 22 ≈ 2,834.67 cubic feet. Rounding this to the nearest hundredth gives us a volume of about 2,834.67 cubic feet. To learn more about volume https://brainly.com/question/27710307 #SPJ1
Round 4In (3/2) to the nearest thousandth
survey of students nationwide showed a mean act score of . a survey of washington dc scores showed a mean of . if the population standard deviation in each case is , can we conclude the national average is greater than the washington dc average? use and use for the nationwide mean act score. part: 0 / 50 of 5 parts complete
We cannot conclude whether the national average is greater than the Washington DC average based on the information provided.
To determine whether the national average ACT score is greater than the Washington DC average, we need to conduct a hypothesis test. However, the question does not provide us with enough information to conduct such a test.
We are given the sample means for both populations, but we do not know the sample sizes, the level of significance, or whether the samples were independent or not. Additionally, we do not have any information on the distribution of the scores, except for the population standard deviation , which may or may not be a reasonable assumption.
Therefore, we cannot make any conclusions about the difference between the national and Washington DC averages without conducting a proper hypothesis test with more information.
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true or false? the parameter declaration int* a can be used to declare an array of integers passed to a function.
the parameter declaration int* a can be used to declare an array of integers passed to a function is True.
The parameter declaration "int* a" can be used to declare a pointer to an integer in a function. This pointer can then be used to refer to an array of integers that is passed to the function.
In C and C++, arrays are passed to functions by passing a pointer to the first element of the array. Therefore, using "int* a" as a parameter declaration allows the function to access the array using pointer arithmetic.
what is parameter?
In general, a parameter is a quantity or value that is used to define or describe a system or process. The term is used in many different fields, such as mathematics, physics, engineering, statistics , and computer science.
In mathematics, a parameter typically refers to a variable that is fixed in a particular problem or equation, but whose value can vary in different situations. For example, in the equation of a line y = mx + b, m and b are parameters that determine the slope and intercept of the line, respectively.
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eric has a spinner with 10 equal sectors with labels from 1 to 10. he spins the spinner once. what is the probability that he gets an even number or a multiple of 5?
The probability that Eric gets an even number or a multiple of 5 when he spins the spinner once is 0.6.
We need to be careful not to count the number 10 twice, since it is both an even number and a multiple of 5.
The total number of favorable outcomes is 5 + 2 - 1 = 6 (we subtract 1 to avoid counting 10 twice).
The total number of possible outcomes is 10, since there are 10 equal sectors on the spinner.
So the probability of getting an even number or a multiple of 5 is:
P(even or multiple of 5) = favorable outcomes / total outcomes
P(even or multiple of 5) = 6 / 10
P(even or multiple of 5) = 0.6
Therefore, the probability that Eric gets an even number or a multiple of 5 when he spins the spinner once is 0.6, or 60%.
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Let X denote the number of Canon digital cameras sold during a particular week by a certain store. The pmf of X is Sixty percent of all customers who purchase these cameras also buy an extended warranty. Let Y denote the number of purchasers during this week who buy an extended warranty. a. What is P(X = 4, Y = 2)? [Hint: This probability equals P(Y = 2 | X = 4) . P(X = 4); now think of the four purchases as four trials of a binomial experiment, with success on a trial corresponding to buying an extended warranty.] b. Calculate P(X = Y). c. Determine the joint pmf of X and Y and then the marginal pmf of Y.
Using the information, we can find the probability of various outcomes for the number of cameras sold (X) and the number of extended warranties sold (Y). We can also calculate the joint pmf of X and Y and the marginal pmf of Y.
Explanation:
a. To find P(X = 4, Y = 2), we can use the fact that P(Y = 2 | X = 4) = P(Y = 2 and X = 4) / P(X = 4). Since the purchases of cameras and warranties are independent, we can treat them as four trials of a binomial experiment with probability of success p = 0.6. Therefore, P(X = 4) = (0.6)^4 and P(Y = 2 and X = 4) = (4 choose 2) * (0.6)^2 * (0.4)^2. Putting it all together, we get P(X = 4, Y = 2) = (4 choose 2) * (0.6)^3 * (0.4)^2.
b. P(X = Y) can be calculated by summing the probabilities of all outcomes where X = Y. Since X and Y can only take integer values, we can sum over all possible values of X and Y where X = Y. Using the pmf of X and Y, we get P(X = Y) = P(X = 0, Y = 0) + P(X = 1, Y = 1) + P(X = 2, Y = 2) + P(X = 3, Y = 3) + P(X = 4, Y = 4).
c. To determine the joint pmf of X and Y, we can use the fact that the purchases of cameras and warranties are independent. Therefore, P(X = x, Y = y) = (x choose y) * (0.6)^y * (0.4)^(x-y) for 0 <= y <= x <= 4. To find the marginal pmf of Y, we can sum the joint pmf over all possible values of X for each fixed value of Y. This gives us P(Y = y) = sum from x=y to 4 of P(X = x, Y = y) for 0 <= y <= 4.
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Find the slope of the tangent line to the polar curve r = 2 - sin(0) at the point specified by 0 = "/3. Slope=
The slope of the tangent line to the polar curve r = 2 - sin(θ) at the point specified by θ = π/3 is -1/2.
To find the slope of the tangent line to the polar curve r = 2 - sin(θ) at the point specified by θ = π/3, we need to first find the derivative of r with respect to θ, and then evaluate it at θ = π/3.
Differentiating both sides of the polar equation with respect to θ, we get:
dr/dθ = d/dθ(2 - sinθ)
dr/dθ = -cosθ
So, the derivative of r with respect to θ is -cosθ.
Evaluating this derivative at θ = π/3, we get:
dr/dθ|θ=π/3 = -cos(π/3) = - 1/2
Therefore, the slope of the tangent line to the polar curve r = 2 - sin(θ) at the point specified by θ = π/3 is -1/2.
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for the function g on [0, /2], find the average value gave. g(x) = e^sin(x) cos(x),
To find the average value of the function g(x) = e^sin(x) cos(x) on the interval [0, π/2], we need to compute the definite integral of g(x) over the interval and divide by the length of the interval.
The average value of a continuous function f(x) over an interval [a, b] is defined as:
Avg. value = (1 / (b - a)) * ∫[a, b] f(x) dx
In this case, the function g(x) is continuous on the interval [0, π/2], so we can use the above formula to find its average value over the interval. The definite integral of g(x) on the interval [0, π/2] is:
∫[0, π/2] e^sin(x) cos(x) dx
This integral can be evaluated using integration by substitution, with u = sin(x) and du = cos(x) dx. Thus:
∫[0, π/2] e^sin(x) cos(x) dx = ∫[0, 1] e^u du
= e^u ∣[0, 1] = e^1 - e^0 = e - 1
Therefore, the average value of g(x) on the interval [0, π/2] is:
Avg. value = (1 / (π/2 - 0)) * ∫[0, π/2] e^sin(x) cos(x) dx
= (2 / π) * (e - 1)
So the average value of g(x) on the interval [0, π/2] is (2 / π) * (e - 1).
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Past records from a local hospital stated that the proportion of full-term babies born in the hospital who weigh less than seven pounds is 36%. Suppose that we have strong reason to believe the proportion is greater than 36%, and we wish to carry out a hypothesis test. State the null hypothesis 1)and the alternative hypothesis that we would use for this test 1:0 10 P
The null hypothesis (H0) for this test would be that the proportion of full-term babies born in the hospital who weigh less than seven pounds is equal to or less than 36%. The alternative hypothesis (Ha) would be that the proportion is greater than 36%. Symbolically, the hypotheses can be stated as: H0: P ≤ 0.36 Ha: P > 0.36 Where P represents the true proportion of full-term babies born in the hospital who weigh less than seven pounds. To test these hypotheses, we would collect a sample of births from the hospital and calculate the proportion of babies that weigh less than seven pounds in the sample. We would then compare this sample proportion to the null hypothesis value of 0.36 using a statistical test such as a one-tailed z-test or a one-tailed p-value. If the sample proportion is significantly greater than 0.36, we would reject the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative hypothesis and conclude that the true proportion of full-term babies born in the hospital who weigh less than seven pounds is likely greater than 36%.
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Examples of argumentative essay prompts. At a university level, all the prompts below imply an argumentative essay as the appropriate response. Your research should lead you to develop a specific position on the topic. The essay then argues for that position and aims to convince the reader by presenting your evidence, evaluation and analysis.
An argumentative essay is a type of writing that presents the writer's position or stance on a specific topic and uses evidence to support that position. The goal of an argumentative essay is to convince your reader that your position is logical, ethical, and, ultimately, right. In argumentative essays, writers accomplish this by writing:
How to Write an Argumentative Essay. An argumentative essay is a structured, compelling piece of writing where an author clearly defines their stance on a specific topic. This is a very popular style of writing assigned to students at schools, colleges, and universities. Learn the steps to researching, structuring, and writing an effective argumentative essay below.
In a position or an argument essay, she could choose one of two methods: thesis-first organization or delayed-thesis organization. Thesis-First Organization. Leading with a thesis tells readers from the beginning where you stand on the issue. In this organization, the thesis occupies both the first and last position in the essay, making it easy ...
An argumentative essay comprises five essential components: 1. Claim. Claim in argumentative writing is the central argument or viewpoint that the writer aims to establish and defend throughout the essay. A claim must assert your position on an issue and must be arguable. It can guide the entire argument.
Robert Ennis in The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Thinking in Higher Education, edited by Martin Davies and Ronald Barnett. Most essays that you write at university will require you to produce a reasoned argument to support a particular viewpoint. This viewpoint is your position —the overall stance you are taking about the issue at hand.
Learn what elements every argumentative essay should include and how to structure it depending on your audience in this easy step-by-step guide. When you're writing a persuasive essay, you need more than just an opinion to make your voice heard. Even the strongest stance won't be compelling if it's not structured properly and reinforced ...
An argumentative essay in academic writing is where one takes a stance on a particular topic, presents arguments to support that stance, and aims to persuade readers to accept the point of view presented. Read this to learn how to write an argumentative essay with examples, create an argumentative essay outline, and gain expert tips for authors.
An argumentative essay attempts to convince a reader to agree with a particular argument (the writer's thesis statement). The writer takes a firm stand one way or another on a topic and then uses hard evidence to support that stance. An argumentative essay seeks to prove to the reader that one argument —the writer's argument— is the ...
An argumentative essay is a type of academic writing that requires a student to take a stance on an oftentimes controversial topic. You'll collect and compile evidence in support of a chosen stance, and attempt to prove the viewpoint using the gathered material. ...
An argumentative essay takes a stance on an issue and presents an argument to defend that stance with the intent of persuading the reader to agree. It generally requires extensive research into a topic so that you have a deep grasp of its subtleties and nuances, are able to take a position on the issue, and can make a detailed and logical case ...
Step 1 — Choosing a topic. Argumentative essay writing starts with selecting a topic with two or more main points so you can argue your position. Avoid topics that are too broad or have a clear right or wrong answer. How to choose a topic for argumentative essays. Use a semantic search engine to search for papers.
In short, stance in academic writing is most simply described as being the attitude of the writer towards the thesis, arguments or evidence that are described in the essay, such as whether the writer agrees or disagrees with a particular piece of information. Most commonly used in evaluative essays, effective stance usually requires at least ...
An argumentative essay is a piece of writing that takes a stance on an issue. The main purpose of an argumentative essay is to persuade the reader to agree with the writer's point of view. This is done by presenting a strong argument, which is supported by evidence. An argumentative text requires thorough research and analysis of all relevant ...
An argumentative thesis takes a position, asserting the writer's stance. Questions, vague statements, or quotations from others are not argumentative theses because they do not assert the writer's viewpoint. Let's take a look at an example: BAD: Federal immigration law is a tough issue about which many people disagree.
Developing an argument requires a significant understanding of the subject matter from all angles. Let's take a look at the steps to writing an argumentative essay: 1. Choose appropriate argumentative essay topics. Although topics for an argumentative essay are highly diverse, they are based on a controversial stance.
Final Tips. When writing your essay, consider these tips to help craft the most rational and poignant argument for your readers. Avoid emotional language that can sound irrational. Know the difference between a logical conclusion and an emotional point of view. Don't fabricate evidence and don't use untrustworthy sources for evidence, and be ...
The argumentative essay is a genre of writing that requires the student to investigate a topic; collect, generate, and evaluate evidence; and establish a position on the topic in a concise manner. Argumentative essays are also known as "persuasive essays," "opinion essays," or "position papers.". In an argumentative essay, the ...
It also means indicating, in your view, which are the strongest or more plausible arguments or findings and the reasons for this view. This is where your opinion is important -to explain why you think particular arguments or positions are the strongest or more convincing. So, essentially your thesis or position in an essay is based around what ...
compromise but prove their argument is not powerful enough: - They have a point in thinking like that. - To a certain extent they are right. completely disagree: - After seeing this evidence, there is no way we can agree with this idea. say that their argument is irrelevant to the topic: - Their argument is irrelevant to the topic.
Position Paper Topics. The argument or position essay is a standard type of writing exercise that almost everyone encounters at the high school or college level. This essay has two primary defining components: It has to be about an issue that people don't agree on. It focuses on disagreements about facts, definitions, causes, values, or solutions.
This is the core argument of your essay, and your hook should pave the way for it. Be Clear and Specific: Your thesis statement should clearly articulate your stance on the topic. Avoid ambiguous or uncertain statements. Focus on writing a precise and debatable assertion that provides a solid foundation for your argument.
The despicable shooting at Trump, which also caused death and injury to others, now secures his undeserved position as a partner in the protective rituals of the democracy he despises.
A claim is the main argument of an essay. The claim is the position on a subject matter. A strong claim is a vital component of an argument or essay. It should express a clear position, be supported by relevant evidence, and guide the overall argumentative structure of the writing. A claim is probably the single most important part of an argument.
Mr. Katyal is a professor at Georgetown University Law Center. Judge Aileen Cannon's decision to throw out serious national-security criminal charges in the classified documents case against ...