CHR (V) A2020-009
Accessible information | |
Access to healthcare | |
Access to education | |
Financial support | |
Protection of people living in residential | |
Reasonable accommodations for disabled people | |
Consideration for disabled people facing multiple exclusions | |
Inclusion to decision making process |
References found in Table 2 .
The Emergency Social Management Framework (ESMF) and congressional resolutions required Filipino sign language interpreters on broadcast media and community-based training of Filipino sign language to facilitate information dissemination regarding COVID-19 screening and quarantine facilities. ESMF’s integration of information for preparedness activities were also given importance to provide accessible formats such as print materials in Braille or large print, sign language interpretation, captions, audio provision, and graphics for PWDs.
The government, especially the Department of Health, provided measures to include PWDs in their access to healthcare. Sickness and disability benefits, medical reimbursements, and free physical and occupational therapy for PWD beneficiaries of KaGabay Program were provided by the Employees Compensation Commission (ECC). Furthermore, healthcare inclusivity was covered in full force by the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth). This is seen in the deployment of the vaccination program in the Philippines which included PWDs under group B, along with frontline workers and the indigenous population. Under this priority group, PWDs will be the second group prioritized after Group A which includes frontline health workers, senior citizens, and those with comorbidities.
In response to education access, DOLE’s Employees Compensation Program provides PWD beneficiaries with free skills and entrepreneurial training. Although these were not expounded elaborately, these will be of importance to the PWDs due to the unpredictable economic changes brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Regarding financial support, PWDs are entitled to receive employment opportunities, livelihood packages, and monetary benefits through different programs. The ECC together with IATF has agreed to give out cash and livelihood assistance to PWDs. Through Administrative Order 39 which follows Article 177 of Presidential Decree No. 626 (s. 1074), entitled “Further Amending Certain Articles of Presidential Decree No. 442”, 20 000 Pesos (420 USD) were given to pensioners of the employees’ compensation program including PWDs under this. For venturing entrepreneurial PWDs, Biz-Ability Online Trade Fair (online trade fair) was made for PWDs to be able to safely sell their products. Discounts for health services and treatments for their disability were provided to PWDs through PhilHealth.
Community Quarantines were implemented to protect people in their residential settings from COVID-19 infections. This entails restriction of mass gatherings and only allowing travel for essential needs. Vulnerable groups such as ages 18 and below, seniors and other vulnerable groups including PWDs have stricter quarantine measures. They are not allowed to enter public spaces unless absolutely necessary. Government groups such as the IATF also distributed face masks and face shields to vulnerable groups such as PWDs for further protection.
New policies were implemented to adapt to the needs of PWDs amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. These include recommendations to allocate priority lanes and penalize acts that vilify PWDs. PWDs were allowed to send representatives to claim their emergency subsidies. Cash assistance was also delivered door-to-door especially to PWDs who are heads of their family. Standby ambulances and paramedics at subsidy payout sites were provided. Continuation of physical therapy services were also allowed for PWDs. PWDs were allowed to go outside their residential homes as part of their exercise regimen in therapy upon presentation of a PWD ID or prescription from the physician. Apart from these, PWDs were also allowed to request transportation help from their local government unit should they need it.
In an effort to recover from the effects of COVID-19 pandemic the government created a referral unit, the Regional Federation of PWD, to help PWDs access their needs and services. Surveys were also deployed to determine the needs of PWDs in labor and employment.
Only one document recommended the inclusion of PWDs in the decision-making processes in their concerns about policies about accessibility, acceptability, and quality criteria and in emergency response. However, it remains to be seen if this was properly implemented.
PWDs continue to belong to the most vulnerable populations. Despite increasing calls for inclusivity, they still face several health and financial challenges. 12 To make matters worse, most of them are poor, finished lower levels of education, and face discrimination and difficulty finding employment. 13 The global health crisis has placed them in an even more precarious situation. They are left unprotected from COVID-19 related health issues on top of trying to provide for their needs.
In March 2020, as COVID-19 cases started to rise in the Philippines, the initial response of the government was to impose quarantine measures of varying severity. Under the highest classification of community quarantine, the general population was ordered to stay home. Travel was limited to accessing essential goods and services, and most forms of public transportation were suspended. These restrictions loosened as the area’s quarantine classification decreased. However, even under the lowest classification, those under the age of 15 or over the age of 65, pregnant women, and those with immunodeficiency, comorbidities or other health risks were still prohibited from traveling outside of their residences unless absolutely necessary. 14 Because of these restrictions, the economy was greatly halted and millions of Filipinos, including PWDs, were left jobless. In a rapid assessment survey, 70% of PWDs reported that their employment had been affected by the pandemic, ranging from a shift to work from home to being at risk of losing their jobs. 15 Consequently, PWDs and other marginalized groups face increasing fears due to uncertainty magnified by COVID-19.
The Philippine government recognized these issues and enacted policies and programs to account for the needs of PWDs prior to and during the pandemic. Examples of these include the Magna Carta of Disabled Persons’ and the Filipino Sign Language Act. The Republic Act (R.A.) No. 7277 also known as the Magna Carta for Disabled Persons’ grants rights and privileges for disabled persons. Disabled persons under this act are defined as those suffering from restriction or different abilities, because of a mental, physical, or sensory impairment, to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being. Through this act, disabled persons are granted rights under the following domains: employment, education, health, auxiliary social services, telecommunications, accessibility, and political and civil rights. It also prohibits discrimination against disabled persons on employment, transportation, and on use of public accommodation and services. 16 In line with this, is the enactment of R.A. No. 11106, known as the Filipino Sign Language Act. It mandates the use of Filipino sign language in broadcast media and government transactions among other situations. 17 The response of the Philippine government to the increased and novel needs of the PWDs during this pandemic has been guided by these provisions, as evidenced by the COVID-19 responses that fall under the themes of the framework. Unfortunately, there are gaps in implementation of these acts that have been highlighted by the pandemic.
One such example is under the theme of accessible information. Despite the presence of R.A. 7277 and 11106 there are still noticeable shortcomings on this matter as revealed by the need for private volunteer groups to fill the information gap for the hard of hearing community. The situation was acknowledged by the House of Representatives when they called for a comprehensive report on the monitoring and implementation of RA No. 11106 and for an investigation on its delay. 18 The deaf and mute also face additional challenges such as the inability to report verbally to emergency hotlines. 19 This leads to difficulty in accessing timely healthcare services and must be addressed by providing alternative means of communication.
Access to healthcare services is one of the most important needs of PWDs, more so in this pandemic since their existing comorbidities place them at greater risk of infection and complications from COVID-19. In a country wherein private out-of-pocket payments continue to be the main form of accessing healthcare, financial resources would be easily drained should they get infected. In order to offset some of the costs, PhilHealth, the nation’s health insurance program, included hospitalization and testing for COVID-19 under their list of benefit packages. PWD livelihood programs by different departments of the government also provide healthcare services, together with skills and entrepreneurial training, and financial aid.
Although these programs are greatly beneficial, they are only able to provide for a small number of PWDs and require certain conditions to be met. One example is the KaGabay program of the Department of Labor and Employment which provided livelihood and financial aid during the pandemic to 49 beneficiaries. This program only included persons with work related disabilities who have lost employment due to work related sickness or injury. 20 Several government programs also require PWDs to register and require proof of disability to be considered a beneficiary. However, these mechanisms are nonuniform, ambiguous, and pose several challenges, causing several PWDs to be overlooked. 21 The Department of Social Welfare and Development Social Amelioration Program, a key response of the government to financial difficulties brought about by the pandemic, is another example of this unequal distribution. Local governments were tasked to deliver this cash assistance, but due to vague implementing guidelines and requirements, several members of the vulnerable population remain unassisted. Countless PWDs reported inability to receive cash aid due to reasons such as being unregistered PWDs, non-inclusion to beneficiary lists, inability to produce documents which are hard to acquire during the crisis, and even lack of available forms to fill up. 22
Apart from these shortcomings, it was notable that some of these policies treated PWDs as a homogenous group without considering their specific needs and barriers to accessibility. This was seen in the Department of Interior and Local Government’s method of distributing food packs, vitamins, and medicine. Because each PWD experiences different barriers due to their unique impairments and functional limitations, the PWD community should be viewed as composed of several subsets. For these reasons, it is important to include PWDs and their representatives in the development of policies.
This study has revealed the responsiveness of the Philippine government to include PWDs in their COVID-19 response. The presence of several policy instruments has proved the state’s cognizance for PWDs. This was exemplified by the advisory series released by the Philippine Commission on Human Rights which provided extensive guidelines on the rights of PWDs and the standards to uphold for them amidst the pandemic. Despite this, the study demonstrated that implementation remains to be a problem, and because of this impact from these policies has yet to be seen. There is a tendency for these policies and advisories to overgeneralize PWDs. It is important to recognize the heterogeneity of PWDs to better account for their specific needs. Moreover, there is not enough focus on adequate implementation and on evaluation of existing policies and programs. It is important to identify existing gaps and barriers to address these shortcomings and to be able to cover as many PWDs as possible. A comprehensive national database should be instituted to centralize registration across all local government units. This will also assist in creation of policies and programs that are suited to the PWDs needs. Efforts should be made to inform, guide, and educate PWDs of their rights and of existing programs. Most importantly, PWDs should be included in the discourse and decision-making process for policies that concern them to ensure programs developed are acceptable and accessible.
No funding received from any institution or department.
The authors completed the ICMJE Unified Competing Interest form (available upon request from the corresponding author) and declare no conflicts of interest.
This study did not use data collected from human subjects; informed consent was not required.
JVV, JCO, and DELP conceived the idea. JVV, JCO, AP, HKA, and PMV wrote the manuscript, collected data and literature with joint equal contribution by DELP. DELP assisted with article interpretation, supervised the development of work, helped in data interpretation and manuscript evaluation. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic warrants an immediate response. Persons with disabilities (PWDs) are one of the most vulnerable populations susceptible to marginalization. While there are existing guidelines in the Philippines that aim to assist their basic needs, a call for inclusivity in policymaking for the COVID-19 response is highly advocated. This paper aims to analyze existing policy guidelines concerning the welfare of PWDs in the country based on several policy domains. Methods: Relevant documents were acquired through extensive search of government and nongovernment websites and news agencies. Literature included memorandums, circulars, and news bulletins in the period between January 2020 to May 2021. This study conducted a framework analysis on policies enacted by the Philippine government during the COVID-19 pandemic concerning PWDs. The framework was divided into eight areas: access to (1) information, (2)healthcare, (3) education, and (4) financial support, (5) protection from infection in residential settings, (6) reasonable accommodation, (7) consideration for disabled people facing multiple exclusions, and (8) inclusion to decision-making process. Results: Fifteen PWD related COVID-19 response documents from the Philippines were reviewed and analyzed. Most policies corresponded to themes related to financial support and reasonable accommodations. Most documents were limited to proposals and suggestions with only a few documents including specific details on how the program will be implemented and monitored. Conclusion: The state has proven its cognizance for PWDs; however, implementation and its impact remain to be seen. The government needs to evaluate these efforts to identify gaps and barriers. A comprehensive national database should be implemented to centralize registration of PWDs, and efforts should be made to inform and educate PWDs of their rights and of existing programs. Most importantly, PWDs should be included in the discourse and decision-making process to ensure programs are acceptable and accessible.
Keywords: COVID-19; Disabled persons; Philippines; Policy making.
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The asia foundation publishes report on the disability sector in the philippines.
Program Year: 2021
The Asia Foundation’s Coalitions for Change program and the Australian Embassy in the Philippines supported the research and launch of Philippine Disability Sector Research: An Initial Analysis on the Access to Social and Public Services, Education, Employment, and Civic Participation and Governance . This research aims to raise awareness, trigger more in-depth action research, and support policy development for a disability-inclusive Philippine society.
Over one hundred participants from various government agencies, nongovernment organizations, and organizations of persons with disabilities attended the launch. Consistent with the study’s findings, participants called for greater inclusion of people with disabilities, with better policy formulation and implementation and continuous monitoring to ensure that their voices are considered. Despite the Philippine Accessibility Law, government buildings still lack standard accessibility features, limiting most persons with disabilities from accessing public services. Miriam Llanos, president of the League of Persons with Disability Affairs Office, stressed the importance of establishing a Persons with Disability Affairs Office in each local government unit to collect data and oversee policy and program implementation.
President of The Philippine Federation of the Deaf Carolyn Dagani, noted the necessity of updating the Magna Carta for Persons with Disabilities, emphasizing the need to resolve conflicting ideals with the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. She called for the full implementation of The Filipino Sign Language (FSL) Act to make FSL an integral part of the education, mass media, and essential services to benefit the deaf sector.
Leaving the audience with a thought-provoking question, Disability Sector Representative of the National Anti-Poverty Commission Joy Garcia asked, “Our goal is an inclusive society, but how inclusive is inclusive? There are varying interpretations for these. The access features that we have may not be accommodating the sector.”
Closing the program on a hopeful note, Executive Director of the National Council on Disability Affairs Emer Rojas encouraged public and private sectors to work together to ensure disability inclusion. “We have to do more for persons with disabilities. We need to keep working together to initiate steps towards making policies and guidelines that are responsive and uphold the rights of persons with disabilities.”
While legal frameworks are essential, a society that advocates for the equity of persons with disabilities is equally important. The Asia Foundation’s Philippines Country Representative Sam Chittick said, “The responsibility falls on everyone to challenge ourselves, our families, friends, neighbors, public servants, and officials to change our mindsets towards disability, towards inclusion, and towards equity.”
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Adequacy of social services for persons with disability of a second class city in negros occidental, count them in inclusion of persons with disabilities in a diversified workforce: a transformative mixed-method study, the fulfilment of right to education for persons with disabilities: a challenge in a border area, managing the mental health of persons with disabilities amid the covid-19 pandemic in the philippines: specific factors and key actions, paralympics: spheres of recognition for pwds in the philippines, indigenous persons with disabilities: access to training and employment, the lived experiences of the persons with disabilities(pwds) in the workplace: a phenomenological study, work classification and workstation design for person with functional difficulty (pfd), work life of differently abled public servants in carmen, davao del norte: a case study.
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Persons with disabilities (PWDs) comprised one-sixth or 15 percent of the world’s population. About 785 million men and women with disabilities or 80 percent are of working age. In the Philippines, of the 92.1 million household population, there are around 1.4 million or 1.57 percent had disability, based on the 2010 Census of Population and Housing. Moreover, PWDs are among the vulnerable groups that needed the utmost attention from the government.
This study has been conducted to create an employment profile of PWDs in selected regions in the Philippines. Using a quota sampling, a total of 150 employed PWDs in National Capital Region (NCR), Region IVA (CALABARZON) and III (Central Luzon) were selected and surveyed of their profile, employment (past and present), sources of income, trainings acquired and job search experiences. Key findings of the study are the following: (a) The leading occupation among PWDs are categorized as follows: health associate professionals (e.g. masseurs), elementary occupations (e.g. manufacturing laborers, cleaners, helpers) and clerical office clerks; (b) Education and training are critical factors in getting a satisfactory job; (d) PWDs usually rely to their friends and family in job search, followed by training institutions and PWD organizations; (e) There are companies that mainstream the employment of PWDs; (f) Non-government organizations play a significant role in ensuring the smooth transition of PWDs into employment; and (g) there is a need for strict implementation of laws and policies and raising awareness on PWD inclusion and employment.
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Titl e: A Study on Employment Profile of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) in Selected Regions in the Philippines Researchers : Soledad R. De Luna-Narido || Miraluna S. Tacadao
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Home ⇛ international journal of multidisciplinary: applied business and education research ⇛ vol. 4 no. 1 (2023), human resource management practices on inclusive employment for persons with disabilities (pwds) in the philippines.
John Michael M. Dela Cruz
This study described and examined Human Resource Management practices on inclusive employment for Persons With Disabilities (PWDs) among selected Non-Government Organizations in the Philippines. There were 38 randomly selected Non-Government Organizations in the Philippines which participated in the study. Meanwhile, this study utilized descriptive correlational research. Survey-questionnaire and unstructured interviews were used as the main and secondary research tools of the study. Results revealed that Human Resource Management practices in the employment of Persons with Disabilities among selected Non-Government Organizations in the Philippines offered wide employment opportunities for PWDs. They were compensated equally based on the nature and accomplishments of their work. Hence, they were selected and recruited based on their potentials and skills while emphasizing the prevailing policies on inclusivity and equal work opportunities. Thus, NGOs provided efficient training and development programs towards professional development of PWDs as employees. Further, HR officer implemented policies and regulations that maintained and protected the health and safety status of the PWDs. In addition, productivity was seen as the most advantageous aspect of PWDs in the performance of their work while adjustment to workplace became the most disadvantageous aspect encountered by Human Resource Officers to their PWDs employees.
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There are roughly 1.44 million Filipinos who are living with disability in the Philippines, and most are living in poverty. There is a link between employment and poverty, where unemployment lies ...
International recognition that people with disabilities were excluded from the Millennium Development Goals has led to better inclusion of people with disabilities in the recently agreed Global Goals for Sustainable Development (SDGs) 2015-2030. Given the current global agenda for disability inclusion, it is crucial to increase the understanding of the situation of people with disabilities ...
The input of Disabled People's Organizations into our research approach and the inclusion of people with disabilities in the survey team has increased the capacity of researchers with disability in the Philippines, and increased engagement between people with disabilities and policymakers, service providers, and government representatives at ...
HILIINE DISABILITY SECTOR RESEARCH OCTOBER 4 ... with disabilities (Republic of the Philippines, 1987). In addition, Republic Act No. 7277 or the 'Magna Carta ... the rights of persons with disabilities. The research made use of high-level interviews and focus group discussions from key government agen-cies, NGOs and OPDs who contribute to ...
Background International recognition that people with disabilities were excluded from the Millennium Development Goals has led to better inclusion of people with disabilities in the recently ...
The body of literature on the life of persons with disability in the Philippines is very limited. For one, the area of disability as a research subject suffers from huge data constraints. In fact, the most recent government estimate of PWD in the Philippines was that from the 2000
Persons with disabilities (PWDs) are one of the most vulnerable populations susceptible to marginalization. While there are existing guidelines in the Philippines that aim to assist their basic needs, a call for inclusivity in policymaking for the COVID-19 response is highly advocated. This paper aims to analyze existing policy guidelines ...
Needs and issues of people with disabilities in the Philippines. Apart from social and health disparity that they experience due to being neglected during the health crisis, people with disabilities also raised relevant concerns and issues (Figure 1).Based from the results of the survey of the Center for Disaster Preparedness (Citation 2020) on March until April 2020, people with disabilities ...
vital to increase the awareness of people with disabilities in the Philippines, considering the new global agenda for the inclusion of disabilities (Marella et al., 2016). Among PW D
In 2019, there were approximately 317 million children and adolescents with health conditions that contribute to developmental disabilities globally. 4 In the Philippines, there were over 1.4 million persons with disabilities, according to the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), and this figure is projected to rise over the next several years.
This paper examines the employment profile of PWDs in the Philippines, using the 2008 and 2010 disability surveys in of Metro Manila selected cities (urban) and Rosario, Batangas (rural), respectively. Key findings of this paper are as follows: (1) Proportion of
Ecija, Philippines Research Paper ... Persons with Disabilities (PWD) in the Municipality of Guimba Ariel Francis E. Bognot1, Mary Fei J. Wy2, Estrelita L. Bernardo3, Rick Donald S. Manzon4 1-2 Student, G raduate School, Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology, Cabanatuan City 3100, Nueva
UN Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) 2006. PWDs: include those with long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which in interaction with various barriers may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others.
Persons with disabilities (PWDs) are one of the most vulnerable populations susceptible to marginalization. While there are existing guidelines in the Philippines that aim to assist their basic needs, a call for inclusivity in policymaking for the COVID-19 response is highly advocated. This paper aims to analyze existing policy guidelines ...
Arim (2017) found out that there is an estimated 14% of the Canadian population aged 15 years or older reported having a disability, which is consistent with the United Nation's estimate of 15% of the world's population living with some form of disability (United Nations Enable, n.d.).
While there are existing guidelines in the Philippines that aim to assist their basic needs, a call for inclusivity in policymaking for the COVID-19 response is highly advocated. This paper aims ...
The Asia Foundation's Coalitions for Change program and the Australian Embassy in the Philippines supported the research and launch of Philippine Disability Sector Research: An Initial Analysis on the Access to Social and Public Services, Education, Employment, and Civic Participation and Governance. This research aims to raise awareness, trigger more in-depth action research, and support ...
Federation of Organizations of people with disabilities in the Philippines (Katipunan ng Maykapansanan sa Pilipi-nas, Inc., KAMPI) in 2008, found that a number of the rights of people with disabilities were regularly violated [12]. The study interviewed people with disabilities from Metro Manila, and the Luzon, Mindanao, and Visayas is-land groups.
Persons with disability (PWDs) are among the vulnerable groups in the country that need utmost attention from the government. This is perhaps the reason why the institutional and legal environment has been made favorable to this particular group, especially in the area of employment. However, earlier reports note that the quality of employment of PWDs still needs improvement. This paper ...
This study described and examined Human Resource Management practices on inclusive employment for Persons With Disabilities (PWDs) among selected Non-Government Organizations in the Philippines.
Persons with disabilities (PWDs) comprised one-sixth or 15 percent of the world's population. About 785 million men and women with disabilities or 80 percent are of working age. In the Philippines, of the 92.1 million household population, there are around 1.4 million or 1.57 percent had disability, based on the 2010 Census of Population and ...
Downloadable! Persons with disability (PWDs) are among the vulnerable groups in the country that need utmost attention from the government. This is perhaps the reason why the institutional and legal environment has been made favorable to this particular group, especially in the area of employment. However, earlier reports note that the quality of employment of PWDs still needs improvement.This ...
This study described and examined Human Resource Management practices on inclusive employment for Persons With Disabilities (PWDs) among selected Non-Government Organizations in the Philippines. There were 38 randomly selected Non-Government Organizations in the Philippines which participated in the study. Meanwhile, this study utilized descriptive correlational research. Survey-questionnaire ...