how to get into a phd psychology program

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Getting a Ph.D. in Psychology

Verywell / Evan Polenghi

Ph.D. vs. Psy.D.

Job opportunities, earning a degree, specialty areas, alternatives.

Getting a Ph.D. in psychology can open up a whole new world of career opportunities. For many careers paths in psychology-related career paths, a doctoral degree is necessary to obtain work and certification. A Ph.D. is one option, but it is not the only educational path that's available to reach some of these goals.

A Ph.D., or doctor of philosophy, is one of the highest level degrees you can earn in the field of psychology . If you're considering pursuing a graduate degree, you might be wondering how long it takes to earn a Ph.D. in psychology . Generally, a bachelor's degree takes four years of study. While a master's degree requires an additional two to three years of study beyond the bachelor's, a doctoral degree can take between four to six years of additional graduate study after earning your bachelor's degree.

Recently, a new degree option known as the Psy.D. , or doctor of psychology, has grown in popularity as an alternative to the Ph.D. The type of degree you decide to pursue depends on a variety of factors, including your own interests and your career aspirations.

Before deciding which is right for you, research your options and decide if graduate school in psychology is even the best choice for you. Depending on your career goals, you might need to earn a master's or doctoral degree in psychology in order to practice in your chosen field. In other instances, a degree in a similar subject such as counseling or social work may be more appropriate.

A doctorate in psychology is required if you want to open your own private practice.

If you want to become a licensed psychologist, you must earn either a Ph.D. or a Psy.D. in clinical or counseling psychology.

In most cases, you will also need a doctorate if you want to teach and conduct research at the college or university level. While there are some opportunities available for people with a master's degree in various specialty fields, such as industrial-organizational psychology and health psychology , those with a doctorate will generally find higher pay, greater job demand, and more opportunity for growth.

In order to earn a Ph.D. in psychology, you need to first begin by earning your bachelor's degree. While earning your undergraduate degree in psychology can be helpful, students with bachelor's degrees in other subjects can also apply their knowledge to psychology Ph.D. programs . Some students in doctorate programs may have a master's degree in psychology , but most doctorate programs do not require it.

After you’ve been admitted to a graduate program, it generally takes at least four years to earn a Ph.D. and another year to complete an internship. Once these requirements have been fulfilled, you can take state and national exams to become licensed to practice psychology in the state where you wish to work.

Once you enter the graduate level of psychology, you will need to choose an area of specialization, such as clinical psychology , counseling psychology, health psychology, or cognitive psychology . The American Psychological Association (APA) accredits graduate programs in three areas: clinical, counseling, and school psychology.   If you are interested in going into one of these specialty areas, it's important to choose a school that has received accreditation through the APA.

For many students, the choice may come down to a clinical psychology program versus a counseling psychology program. There are many similarities between these two Ph.D. options, but there are important distinctions that students should consider. Clinical programs may have more of a research focus while counseling programs tend to focus more on professional practice. The path you choose will depend largely on what you plan to do after you complete your degree.

Of course, the Ph.D. in psychology is not the only graduate degree option. The Psy.D. is a doctorate degree option that you might also want to consider. While there are many similarities between these two degrees, traditional Ph.D. programs tend to be more research-oriented while Psy.D. programs are often more practice-oriented.

The Ph.D. option may be your top choice if you want to mix professional practice with teaching and research, while the Psy.D. option may be preferred if you want to open your own private psychology practice.

In the book "An Insider's Guide to Graduate Programs in Clinical and Counseling Psychology," authors John C. Norcross and Michael A. Sayette suggest that one of the key differences between the two-degree options is that the Ph.D. programs train producers of research while Psy.D. programs train consumers of research. However, professional opportunities for practice are very similar with both degree types.

Research suggests that there are few discernible differences in terms of professional recognition, employment opportunities, or clinical skills between students trained in the Ph.D. or Psy.D. models. One of the few differences is that those with a Ph.D. degree are far more likely to be employed in academic settings and medical schools.

Social work, counseling, education, and the health sciences are other graduate options that you may want to consider if you decide that a doctorate degree is not the best fit for your interests and career goals.

A Word From Verywell

If you are considering a Ph.D. in psychology, spend some time carefully researching your options and thinking about your future goals. A doctoral degree is a major commitment of time, resources, and effort, so it is worth it to take time to consider the right option for your goals. The Ph.D. in psychology can be a great choice if you are interested in being a scientist-practitioner in the field and want to combine doing research with professional practice. It's also great training if you're interested in working at a university where you would teach classes and conduct research on psychological topics.

University of Pennsylvania; School of Arts and Sciences. Information for applicants .

American Psychological Association. Doctoral degrees in psychology: How are they different, or not so different?

U.S. Department of Labor.  Psychologists . Occupational Outlook Handbook .

Norcross JC, Sayette MA. An Insider's Guide to Graduate Programs in Clinical and Counseling Psychology (2020/2021 ed.) . New York, NY: The Guilford Press; 2020.

Davis SF, Giordano PJ, Licht CA. Your Career in Psychology: Putting Your Graduate Degree to Work . John Wiley & Sons; 2012. doi:10.1002/9781444315929

US Department of Education. Bachelor's, master's, and doctor's degrees conferred by postsecondary institutions, by sex of student and discipline division: 2016-17 .

By Kendra Cherry, MSEd Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

• Utility Menu

Psychology Graduate Program

• Psychology Department

Welcome to the Psychology PhD program at Harvard University!

Our work is united in the focus on the science of mental life, yet highly interdisciplinary.

The Psychology Department is organized into four research areas: 

• Clinical Science/ Experimental Psychopathology  
• Developmental Psychology  
• Social Psychology
• Cognition, Brain, and Behavior (CBB)

Students enrolled in the PhD program may follow one of two tracks: Clinical Science or the Common Curriculum, which includes Social Psychology, Developmental Psychology, and Cognition, Brain, and Behavior (CBB). Students may only be considered for Clinical Science during the graduate school application process, and may not transfer in at a later date.

Click here to view our current graduate student profiles. 

Clinical Student Admissions, Outcomes, and Other Data, as required by the American Psychological Association, can be found here . 

PhD Degree Requirements

This webpage provides a quick overview of the requirements for our PhD program. More detailed information can be found in the Psychology Graduate Guide . This webpage and the Graduate Guide supplement the Psychology PhD requirements defined in the Stanford Bulletin and the policies for all Stanford graduate education as defined in the Graduate Academic Policies and Procedures Handbook . 

The most important component of our PhD program is engaging in scientific research. Students in our PhD program conduct in-depth research in at least one of five areas of study: Affective , Cognitive , Developmental , Neuroscience , or Social Psychology. All students are expected to spend at least half of their time engaged in research. Each quarter, students should register for 8 - 10 research units (PSYCH207: Graduate Research) and take no more than 10 units of coursework.

The sections below outline program requirements regarding coursework and teaching, as well as key milestones towards a PhD degree.

Course Requirements

• Teaching Requirements  
• Key Program Milestones

Core Courses, Statistics/Methods Courses, and Advanced Units must be taken for a letter grade and passed with a grade of B- or higher. Click each requirement to open the relevant sections in the Graduate Guide.  

Professional Seminar 

All incoming students are required to take PSYCH207 in the first quarter (Year 1 Autumn). This is a course taught by the Department Chair with guest lectures from faculty across all areas, and serves to introduce the first-year students to the Department. 

• PSYCH 207: Professional Seminar for First-Year Ph.D Students

As a part of PSYCH 207, first-year students are also expected to meet with their advisor(s) early in the fall quarter of the first year to discuss mentorship expectations. 

Core Courses

Students are required to complete 4 of the following Core Courses by the end of Yr 3.

• PSYCH 202: Cognitive Neuroscience
• PSYCH 205: Foundations of Cognition
• PSYCH 211: Developmental Psychology
• PSYCH 213: Affective Science
• PSYCH 215: Mind, Culture, and Society

Statistics / Methods Courses

Students must complete PSYCH 251 and one additional statistics/methods courses by the end of Year 2. At least one of the two courses must be taken in the first year. 

• PSYCH 251: Experimental Methods (Required) 
• PSYCH 249: Large-Scale Neural Network Modeling for Neuroscience
• PSYCH 252: Statistical Methods for Behavioral and Social Sciences
• PSYCH 253: Measurement and the Study of Change in Social Science Research
• PSYCH 289: Longitudinal Data Analysis in Social Science Research

Some students may wish to take advanced courses in Statistics or CS not listed above; please consult with your advisor and send an inquiry to the Student Services Manager. These requests may be reviewed by the DGS and/or the GPC.

Advanced Units / PhD Minor  

Students must complete 12 units of advanced graduate coursework (“Advanced Units”, or AU), or complete a PhD Minor by the end of Year 4.  

Students and their advisor(s) should discuss the course requirements and create a plan together for completing the Advanced Units. To this end, rising 2nd year students must submit an Advanced Courses Form by the first Monday in October (usually the first Monday of the Fall Quarter) of the 2nd year. 

Terminal Graduate Registration (TGR) Statu s

Students should apply for Terminal Graduate Registration (TGR) status once they have accumulated 135 units of residency and have filed a Dissertation Reading Committee form . Students in TGR status should register for PSYCH 802: TGR Dissertation (0 units) and take no more than 3 units of coursework per quarter. Typically, students transition to TGR in the Winter quarter of 5th year. 

For more information about Course Requirements, consult the Graduate Guide and the Stanford Graduate Academic Policies and Procedures Handbook .

Teaching Requirements

All students serve as teaching assistants for at least 5 Psychology courses during their graduate study, regardless of the source of their financial support. Of these 5 TAships, students must apply for 2 of their TAships to be in one of the two tracks: 

• PSYCH 1 Track (2 quarters of Introduction to Psychology)  
• STATS Track (2 quarters of core statistics/methods course: PSYCH 10, PSYCH 251, PSYCH 252, PSYCH 253).  

Students can review the Department's complete  TA policy  for more details. Questions about TA assignments or TA policy should be directed to the Student Services Manager. 

Program Requirements and Milestones

Year 1: First Year Project (FYP)

At the end of their first year of graduate study, students must submit a written report of their first-year research activities, called the First Year Project (FYP) by June 1 The FYP is submitted to their advisor, second FYP reader (another faculty), and the students’ services manager. Students are also expected to present the results of their FYP in their area seminar. 

Year 2: Admission to Candidacy

In our department, a student’s application for candidacy must be filed as soon as all requirements for Year 1 and Year 2 are completed (and by the end of the 2nd year). The decision to advance a student to candidacy is made based on a holistic assessment of the student’s progress in the program. For more information, please refer to the Graduate Guide, section on Admission to Candidacy. 

Conferral of a masters degree: Graduate students in the Department of Psychology who have completed (a) the first-year and second-year course requirements and (b) at least 45 units of Psychology courses may apply for a conferral of the MA degree.

Master of Arts Degree in Psychology (Optional)

Graduate students in the Department of Psychology who have completed (a) the first-year and second-year course requirements and (b) at least 45 units of Psychology courses may apply for conferral of the MA degree. The application should be reviewed with the Student Services Manager. The  application process  typically occurs in 2nd or 3rd year.

Year 3: Research Plan and Dissertation Reading Committee   

Students in Year 3 are expected to:

(1) Form a dissertation reading committee (due Feb 1): The research committee includes the dissertation advisor and at least 2 additional faculty members, for a total of 3 members, at least two of whom should have primary appointments in the Psychology Department. 

(2) Schedule and hold the 3rd Year Committee Meeting to take place in Winter or Spring quarter (before June 1), and submit a research plan to their committee 2 weeks before the meeting

(3) After the committee meeting, submit the Research Plan to the Student Services Manager and report the meeting date using the Committee Meeting Google Form .

Year 4: Area Review and Research Roadmap (ARRR) and Committee Meeting

Students in Year 4 are expected to:

(1) Schedule and hold the 4th Year Committee Meeting in the Winter quarter and submit an Area Review & Research Roadmap (ARRR) to the committee two weeks before the meeting.

(2) After the committee meeting, submit the ARRR to the Student Services Manager and report the meeting date using the Committee Meeting Google Form . 

Final Year: Oral Examination and Dissertation  

Students in Year 3 and above are expected to hold a committee meeting every year. In their final year, students must form their Oral Examination Committee including identifying an external chair. Students must submit the Oral Exam Form to the Student Services Manager at least 2 weeks before the anticipated defense and follow the standard Department protocol for reserving a room for their defense.

Individual Development Plan

Every year, each graduate student completes an Individual Development Plan (IDP) and has a meeting with their advisor to discuss the IDP and set an Action Plan for the coming year. The goal of the IDP is for the student to step back from their daily tasks, reflect on the larger picture, discuss these topics with their mentor, and make an action plan for achieving their goals going forward. The IDP meeting must occur by June 1 each year. 

The IDP process has 4 steps:

1. Student completeness the IDP Self-Reflection form  

2. Student prepares the IDP Meeting and Action Plan form and schedules a one-on-one meeting with the advisor. 

3. Student and Advisor(s) complete the Action Plan (pages 3-4 of the IDP Meeting and Action Plan form ). 

4. Student submits the IDP Meeting Google Form to report the meeting to the Student Services.

Students can also use the IDP meeting to discuss mentorship expectations and schedule additional meetings if further conversations are needed. Note that first-year students must schedule a separate meeting with their advisors to discuss Mentorship Expectation as a part of their ProSem requirement

Graduation Quarter

Registration for Graduation Quarter is required for the term in which a student submits a dissertation or has a degree conferred. Please consult the Registrar's Academic Calendar for the quarterly deadlines for submitting dissertations; they are strict, and missing the deadline can have serious funding implications. For more information, please refer to the Graduate Guide and Registrar's Office website .

PhD Program Timeline At-A-Glance

• FYP Proposal and name of 2nd reader due to Student Services

End of Fall Quarter 

• Complete the mentorship expectations meeting with advisor
• FYP due to Student Services, advisor, and 2nd reader

Summer of 1st Year

• Meet and receive feedback from advisor and 2nd reader
• Submit  Advanced Units coursework form  to Student Services

June 1  

• IDP Meeting Due

By the end of 2nd Year

• Submit  Candidacy Form  to Student Services
• Submit  Doctoral Dissertation Reading Committee form  to Student Services
• Schedule 3rd Year Committee Meeting
• Hold Committee Meeting (Research Plan to committee 2 weeks before meeting), and report meeting to Student Services; IDP Meeting
• Schedule 4th Year Committee Meeting
• Submit ARRR to the committee two weeks before the meeting
• Hold Committee Meeting
• Report meeting to Student Services
• IDP Meeting

2 weeks before Defense: 

• Submit the  Oral Exam form  to Student Services

End of Spring Quarter: 

• Oral Examination
• Submit Dissertation 
• Schedule and hold a 5th Year Committee Meeting 

• Student Notebook

How to Get in: Applying to Psychology Grad School

• Educational
• Graduate School
• Higher Education

So you think you want to be a psychological scientist? Well, the first step is applying to graduate school — a long, but exciting, process! To be a competitive applicant, you’ll want to have been involved in research, which is the reason many people pursue graduate school in the first place. It’s typical for applicants to have 2 to 3 years of research experience before applying to graduate school. Some gain that experience by working full-time as lab coordinators or research assistants after graduation; others get involved in research early in their undergraduate education. It’s also becoming increasingly common to take a gap year or two to continue working in a research lab before applying to graduate school. Outlined in this article are some questions to consider and strategies to implement when you begin the process.

What kind of graduate program do you want to pursue?

If you realize you enjoy research and want to continue doing it, the next major question to ask yourself is: What do you want to study? Based on your coursework, prior research, and other relevant life experiences, you will want to decide which discipline within the psychological science field you would like to pursue. That decision likely will be based on your specific interests, but you also might consider the type of training you would like to complete. The specific direction you decide to go in also may be influenced by a particular methodology or approach that you want to learn and use.

How do you choose where to apply?

Unlike students applying to undergraduate programs, most graduate school applicants base their decision about where to apply on whether there is a faculty member with overlapping research interests at that school. I knew when applying to graduate school that I wanted to research schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, so I applied only to schools where I knew someone was doing such research. After you have compiled a list of schools and professors whose research you’re interested in, I would highly recommend emailing those professors in the early fall — not only to introduce yourself, but also to ask if they plan on interviewing and accepting students to their lab the following year. You may be a competitive applicant, but if the professor you want to work with isn’t accepting students, you likely won’t get very far in the admissions process; thus, emailing professors before submitting your application can save both time and money. After you hear back from professors who will be accepting students from the upcoming application cycle, I would recommend narrowing your final list to about 10 to 12 schools. Your list might be somewhat smaller if you’re geographically limited.

Tips for putting together your application materials

As soon as — or even before — you have your final list of schools, you should email professors, advisors, research mentors, and anyone else from whom you would like a letter of recommendation. It’s best to contact your letter writers as early as possible; professors get numerous requests to write letters, so they often have a lot on their tables. After my contacts agreed to write recommendations for me, I provided them with a packet of my application materials (i.e., a draft of my personal and/or research statement, CV/résumé, and transcript) for their reference while they wrote my letters. You may even want to encourage your letter writers to speak to certain aspects of your application (e.g., research experience, conference presentations) to make sure they are emphasized. You even could consider asking your letter writers to briefly discuss apparent weaknesses in your application (e.g., a lower grade in a relevant course or lower GRE scores) and then follow up with why your strengths compensate for the weaknesses. Several faculty members who review applications have told me that they are impressed when applicants address their potential weaknesses. Of course, you want to keep this brief and focus on emphasizing your strengths. Check in with your letter writers a couple of weeks before the application deadline to see if they have any questions regarding your application, and also to make sure your letter hasn’t become lost in their huge to-do list!

As you wait for your letters of recommendation, continue to work on the rest of your application. Seek feedback on your personal and/or research statement(s) from as many people as possible. There’s a particular benefit to having friends or family members who do not have backgrounds in psychology read your essays for clarity, organization, and flow. When you are finished, check the policies of the schools you are applying to: Many schools allow you to submit your portion of the application before your letter writers have submitted their recommendations. Continue to monitor whether your schools have received your GRE scores and transcripts. Once everything is in, celebrate! Go out to eat at your favorite restaurant, see the movie you’ve been waiting to see, or do something else to reward yourself for your commitment and time. At this point, everything is out of your hands, and all you can do is wait to hear back from the schools.

Starting around January, you hopefully will start to hear back from some of the schools you applied to, requesting that you visit for interviews. Going on interviews can be expensive, so be sure to budget and plan ahead. Some schools will provide some financial assistance — usually reimbursements — toward your expenses, but rarely are they fully covered. Preparation for interviews includes reading the latest papers of the professor you’re applying to work with and generating a list of questions to ask faculty and students. Most importantly, always ask questions, even if you’ve already asked the same ones several times of other people. If you don’t, people will assume that you’re not very interested in the program, and it could hurt their perceptions of you.

Within a few weeks of your interview, you should receive a decision on whether or not you’ve been accepted to the program. Should you be lucky enough to receive multiple admission offers, you now have a big decision to make! Among other things, factor in the research fit with your potential advisor, funding (e.g., tuition, stipend), your impressions of the graduate students and other faculty in the program, and location when you make a decision about which school to attend. Can you see yourself working with this professor for multiple years? Is this a place where you can see yourself living and working? Does it seem like you will get along with the other graduate students? Is the stipend sufficient to offset enough of your living expenses? These are all questions you can ask yourself to help make your decision. Below are some resources that I found helpful during my graduate school search. Good luck! œ

Further Reading

American Psychological Association. (2016). Graduate study in psychology . Washington, DC: APA Books.

American Psychological Association. (2007). Getting in: A step-by-step plan for gaining admission to graduate school in psychology (2nd ed.) . Washington, DC: APA Books.

Norcross, J. C., & Sayette, M. A. (2016). Insider’s guide to graduate programs in clinical and counseling psychology (rev. ed .). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Prinstein, M. J. (2012). Mitch’s uncensored advice for applying to graduate school in clinical psychology. Retrieved from http://www.unc.edu/~mjp1970/Mitch’s%20Grad%20School%20Advice.pdf

I need to do a couselling course. I have honours in psychology

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About the Author

Derek M. Novacek is a fourth-year graduate student in the clinical psychology program at Emory University. His research focuses on identifying clinical and biological risk factors in youth who are at clinical high risk for developing psychosis. He can be contacted at [email protected] .

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How to Get a PhD in Psychology (10 Steps)

A PhD in Psychology is the ultimate degree—a symbol of your commitment to the discipline and a representation of your knowledge and skills. Held by top-tier researchers, instructors in higher education, and clinical practitioners alike, a clinical psychology PhD may help you and the people and organizations you might one day serve. 1

While the benefits of a PhD in Psychology may be clear to you, how to go about earning this doctorate degree might feel confusing—until now.

Here’s how to get a PhD in Psychology, what to expect in a doctoral degree program, and what you might gain from obtaining one.

Start Your Journey

Step 1: Understand the PhD Path

A PhD, or Doctor of Philosophy, in Psychology is one of two of the highest degrees in the field of psychology. (The other is a PsyD , or Doctor of Psychology, a doctorate degree created in the 1970s to prepare students specifically for the rigors of working in clinical settings.) 2 A clinical psychology PhD may enable you to work in a variety of environments and a range of roles.

As such, earning this degree is an involved, immersive, and often exciting process that’s composed of: 3

• Statistics and methods
• Assessments 
• Clinical treatments

Coursework in a PhD program now frequently integrates discussions on psychology and technology , examining how digital advancements are transforming therapeutic methods and research techniques.

• Research – Research makes up the majority of the work you’ll do as a PhD student. Typically under the guidance of your mentor/dissertation advisor, you’ll delve into a topic of your choosing within the field. Examples of clinical psychology research topics include examining the effects of social media on teen suicide rates or the influence of childhood trauma on adult substance use disorder. Along the way, you’ll refine specific research skills: collecting and analyzing data, working with subjects/participating, and demonstrating your results.
• Clinical practicum and internships – Earning a PhD in Psychology also entails hands-on training in clinical practicums and/or internships. Generally speaking, you’ll perform an unpaid practicum for two years, followed by a one-year paid, clinical internship. 5 Precisely how you will fulfill this will depend on the program you choose, the opportunities within your community, and your concentration. A few examples include observing a clinical psychologist at a private practice, working with students at a university center, or conducting intakes at a substance abuse facility.
• Dissertation – Your dissertation is among the most important elements of your PhD program and the key to completing your degree. It serves several purposes: it illustrates your fluency in conducting research, demonstrates the knowledge you’ve gained in your PhD program, and adds an original contribution to existing psychology literature. 6

Step 2: Research Potential Programs

Finding the right PhD in Psychology program is paramount to your success. Researching potential programs is also one of the more thrilling aspects of pursuing a doctorate, but it needs to be approached strategically and mindfully. To that end, search for programs that, like the doctoral programs in psychology at Alliant International University, have received accreditation by the American Psychological Association (APA). 7

Accreditation essentially serves as a seal of approval and demonstrates to future employers, the general public, and licensing boards that you have the scientific knowledge required to work in the world of psychology.

Additionally, you may want to zero in on programs that:

• Feature faculty members who are at the top of their field and whose research interests reflect your own 8
• Offer the area of specialization you want to focus on, whether it’s clinical health psychology, multicultural community-clinical psychology, or family/child and couple psychology
• Promote work-life balance through online instruction, or a hybrid of online and in-person instruction and training
• Have a high attrition rate

Further, if you do opt for a program that demands in-person attendance and training, be sure that it’s geographically feasible for you. The cost of living in the area should also be factored into your decision. Lastly, if you’re an undergrad or just finishing up your master’s, consider asking the professors you trust and admire for program recommendations. 9

Step 3: Prepare Your Application

Application and admission requirements vary by institution. That said, most programs ask for: 10

• A completed application (along with the application fee)
• Official transcripts from your bachelor’s and/or master’s program with required credits
• CV or resume
• Letters of recommendation

Depending on the program you’ve selected, you may also need to submit GRE scores. Importantly, nearly all programs require a personal statement—a topic we’ll look at in more depth below. While a PhD equips you for high-level research and academic positions, you might wonder if you can be a clinical psychologist with a master's . Although possible, a PhD significantly broadens your professional scope.

Step 4: Gain Relevant Experience

Not only will obtaining relevant experience help strengthen your application package but it will also help you gain invaluable insights into the industry. It might also assist you in choosing a specialization, such as working one-on-one with trauma survivors or dedicating your professional life to neuropsychology research.

Fortunately, there are dozens of ways to get the type of experience that will help your application stand out from the competition: 11

• Research assistantships
• Volunteering at a mental health clinic
• Shadowing a clinical psychologist or substance abuse counselor
• Working for a crisis hotline

Keep in mind that some PhD in Psychology programs require a minimum amount of relevant experience before you can apply. In fact, the Association for Psychological Science (APS) asserts that doctoral applicants usually accrue two to three years of research experience before applying to graduate school. 12 All of this emphasizes the importance of conducting thorough research on your schools of interest.

Step 5: Submit Strong Letters of Recommendation

Letters of recommendation are a crucial component of your doctoral application. In fact, some state that your letters of recommendation are more important to the decision process than grades. 13

Usually, they’re written by former professors and/or former employers or psychology professionals you’ve interned for or shadowed.

Be sure to request letters of recommendation from those with whom you have a visible track record. In addition, request letters well ahead of your application deadline, even as much as a year in advance of when you think you’ll start applying for your doctoral program.

Talk to Our Advisors

Step 6: Craft a Compelling Personal Statement

Almost every doctorate in psychology program requires a personal statement. As one of the most critical elements of your application (some indicate that it’s more important than your GRE scores and GPA), it should describe, in detail, your: 14

• Interest in the particular program you’re applying to and why
• Academic and research objectives
• Research and field experience and how they align with the particular program
• Intended area of specialization

Experts consulted by the APA also advise against using three things in your personal statement: humor, hyperbole, and “hard luck,” such as describing the obstacles you’ve overcome.

Step 7: Ace the Interview

Happen to receive an interview offer? Congratulations—your application clearly stood out!

The interview process may start with what’s known as a pre-interview, or a brief conversation to evaluate your fit with the program and department. 15 This may be followed by an on-campus interview that asks basic questions, such as the impact you hope your PhD project has and why you believe you’re the right candidate, as well as more precise questions prompted by your specific experience. 16

One of the best ways to make a solid, lasting impression is to create a bulleted list of your research interests. Practicing answers to the questions you anticipate ahead of time can also help ensure a smoother dialogue. And remember: you’ll be interviewing for the program, too.

Step 8: Consider Funding Options

The financial assistance you may receive will likely be an enormous determining factor in the program you choose. As discussed, funding may arrive in the form of:

• Grants 
• Scholarships
• Tuition remission
• Employer tuition reimbursement

Alliant International University, for example, has several forms of funding options available to doctoral candidates—those listed above, as well as fellowship assistantships .

Step 9: Plan Your Coursework and Dissertation

Once you’re accepted into a program, you should select your area of specialization, plot out your coursework, and choose your dissertation topic.

The APA notes that doctoral candidates should ideally land on a dissertation topic within the first year or two of their program. 17 Why? Because it will give your program enhanced focus and a guiding theme.

To jumpstart your thinking:

• Consult with instructors who are active in cutting-edge psychology research 
• Assess your topic’s viability and manageability (and if it will serve as an original contribution to existing research)
• Pinpoint the problems and questions you foresee and how you will approach them

Above all, be sure to choose a topic that will sustain your interest and excitement throughout the duration of your program. Earning a PhD in Psychology is a time-intensive commitment. Four to six years is about how long it takes to get a psychology PhD, but it varies by person based on how they balance their personal schedules with coursework, research, and clinical training.

Step 10: Engage in Professional Development Opportunities

One of the biggest benefits of obtaining a PhD in Psychology? The connections you may be able to make, such as through your internship and clinical practicum, as well as psychology conferences and seminars.

Yet, some of the strongest relationships you build might be right inside your program. And this brings us to our final piece of advice: consider choosing a program that features a warm and supportive faculty and a diverse collection of students who will motivate you throughout your academic journey—and beyond.

Your Path Begins Here

At Alliant International University, our PhD in Clinical Psychology program features a faculty that will challenge you in the best possible way alongside a nurturing, engaging learning environment.

Enrich your knowledge and prepare to make a lasting difference in the field of psychology. Apply today and start your journey.

Sources: 

• “What Can You Do with a Doctorate in Psychology?” Psychology.org | Psychology’s Comprehensive Online Resource, March 18, 2024. https://www.psychology.org/resources/jobs-with-a-doctorate-in-psycholog… ;
• Cherry, Kendra. “PsyD vs. Phd in Psychology: Which Is Right for You?” Verywell Mind, October 27, 2023. https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-a-psyd-2795135.  
• “Psychology Doctorate Phd Defined: Explore Academic, Internship and Research Requirements for a Psychology Phd.” Psychologist, March 24, 2021. https://www.psychologist-license.com/types-of-psychologists/psychologist-doctorate-phd/.  
• “Daily Activities of a Clinical Psychology Phd Student.” Simply Mental Health, November 13, 2022. https://simplymentalhealth.ca/2022/11/13/daily-activities-of-a-clinical-psychology-phd-student/.  
• “Internships and Practicums.” Psychology.org | Psychology’s Comprehensive Online Resource, April 10, 2024. https://www.psychology.org/resources/internships-and-practicums/.  
• Herbert, Robyn S, Spencer C Evans, Jessy Guler, and Michael C Roberts. “Predictors of Dissertation Publication in Clinical and Counseling Psychology.” Training and education in professional psychology, November 2022. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9635593 .
•  “APA-Accredited Programs.” American Psychological Association. Accessed April 21, 2024. https://accreditation.apa.org/accredited-programs#.  
• “Choosing a Graduate Program.” Association for Psychological Science - APS. Accessed April 21, 2024. https://www.psychologicalscience.org/members/apssc/undergraduate_update/summer-2011/choosing-a-graduate-program.  
• “Clinch Your Graduate School Acceptance.” American Psychological Association. Accessed April 21, 2024. https://www.apa.org/gradpsych/2007/11/cover-acceptance.  
• “Best Doctorate in Psychology Degree Programs of 2024.” Intelligent, April 3, 2024. https://www.intelligent.com/best-doctorate-in-psychology-programs/.  
• 14 ways to get clinical psychology work experience | indeed.com UK. Accessed April 18, 2024. https://uk.indeed.com/career-advice/finding-a-job/clinical-psychology-work-experience.  
• “Rockin’ Recommendations.” American Psychological Association. Accessed April 21, 2024. https://www.apa.org/gradpsych/features/2009/recommendation.  
• “Preparing Your Personal Statement for Graduate School Applications.” American Psychological Association. Accessed April 21, 2024. https://www.apa.org/ed/precollege/psn/2016/09/graduate-school-applications.  
• To ace your interview for doctoral psychology admission. Accessed April 22, 2024. https://mitch.web.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4922/2021/12/PsiChiI… ;
• Top 10 common Phd interview questions and answers. Accessed April 21, 2024. https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/interviewing/common-phd-interview-questions.  
• “Starting the Dissertation.” American Psychological Association. Accessed April 21, 2024. https://www.apa.org/gradpsych/2005/01/starting.&nbsp ;

David Stewart

Dean, California School of Professional Psychology

David G. Stewart, PhD, ABPP, is a board-certified clinical child and adolescent psychologist and Dean of the California School of...

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DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY

• Undergraduate
• Graduate Studies in Psychology
• Areas of Specialization
• Considering Clinical Psychology

What Does It Take to Get Into Graduate School in Clinical Psychology?

Admission to PhD programs in clinical psychology is very competitive. Ratios of 300 applicants to 8 positions are common (though perhaps 10-15 people would have to be accepted to fill the 8 slots; some who are accepted decide to go elsewhere, or enter a different kind of graduate or professional program ). Different programs emphasize different characteristics, but it is safe to say that in all programs GREs and GPAs are examined closely. Graduate students in Northwestern's program have averaged over 1400 on the GRE (Verbal plus Quantitative), with an average GPA of over 3.5. (GPAs for the last two years of undergraduate schooling are most important, so students with uneven early records have a good chance if they've improved.) There are respectable programs whose students score lower on these measures, but students who have lower than 1200 on the GRE or a GPA of less than 3.3 can expect to find it difficult to get into a top graduate program in clinical psychology without other special qualifications.

Regarding less standardized criteria, most graduate programs in clinical psychology will prefer that you have taken a course in psychopathology, e.g., our Psych 303. Introduction to Clinical Psychology (Psych 306) can also be useful, in part as a way to learn more about the field and your options within it. Most graduate schools also expect students to have obtained some research experience. The primary concern is that students should have conducted some psychological research in order to know whether they find it interesting. From an admissions perspective, it is less important that you have had clinical research experience than it is that you have had meaningful research experiences (e.g., not just entering data). It is also important that you be able to solicit a letter of recommendation from at least one research supervisor. This means that it is important to get involved in research before you do your applications. If you plan to apply to graduate programs during fall of your senior year, then you should begin your research involvement as a junior, or even earlier.

Northwestern’s psychology department offers many  research opportunities  for undergraduate students. Each quarter, many of our students do  research for course credit  through 399-Independent Study or the two-quarter sequence 397-Advanced Supervised Research. You can learn more about 399 and 397, including their requirements and the differences between them, by reading our webpage on research for course credit. This page also includes tips on choosing a professor with whom to do research. Other students obtain paid positions in the department, typically through the federal  work-study program . You should make sure that your research experience provides you with an in-depth look at the nature of psychological research and at the theories and past research relevant for the questions under investigation. Entering data, scheduling research participants, and so on are integral parts of the research process, but it is important to do much more than that.

Some psychology students hope to do research that is outside the specific projects for which their faculty supervisors have funding. In addition, students who want to do research on campus during the summer may need to earn money for living expenses. Northwestern University, Weinberg College, and the psychology department all have funds available on a competitive basis to support student research. Guidelines for applying for the psychology department’s Benton J. Underwood Summer Fellowship are always included in the winter edition of our undergraduate newsletter,  Swift Thinking . See the Weinberg College webpage on  funds for undergraduate research  and the university page on  Research Opportunities for Undergraduates  for additional funding options.

Many graduate schools give a great deal of consideration to the likely match between potential students' interests and faculty interests. Students can convey their interests through the personal statements they include in their applications and in direct contact with relevant professors. If you have strong interests in a professor's research, this will make you a much more desirable applicant to that person. But you must be able to convey that your interests are serious, for example, by discussing a specific study. Faculty will not be impressed if it appears that you merely scanned the departmental brochure searching for topics that sound interesting.

Students may also want to consider trying some hands-on counseling-type work. Many agencies accept and train volunteers. For example, volunteering at a teen drop-in center or a hospital, working as a camp counselor for special needs children, and answering phones for a helpline can all be relevant experiences. If your goal is to work with some specific population – troubled teens, the elderly, autistic children – then you should try to gain some firsthand experience with this population. In part, this may serve as a valuable credential when you apply for graduate training. Perhaps more importantly, it will let you know if working with this population is as rewarding for you as you expect it to be. Two student groups –  Northwestern Community Development Corps (NCDC)  and  OASIS  – are good sources of information about volunteer opportunities in Evanston and surrounding communities

Preparing and Applying for Graduate School in Psychology

A free video series to guide students through research, applications, interviews and decisions.

This series of 12 videos takes prospective graduate students step-by-step through the preparation, application, interview, and admission processes. The presenters combine decades of advising experience and research findings with evidence-based and anxiety-reducing strategies for mastering each step.

Watch the Videos

Each video is 20-25 minutes and can be tailored to a student’s needs — fill out the form and  watch them all together or individually.

• Getting Started and Introducing the Fundamentals
• Reviewing Career Options in Psychology
• Constructing Your Time Line
• Getting the Necessary Courses, Research, and Experiences
• Facing and Conquering the GREs
• Understanding Admission Criteria and Acceptance Rates
• Identifying Compatible Graduate Programs
• Writing Personal Statements
• Securing Letters of Recommendation
• Completing Your Applications
• Mastering Graduate Interviews
• Making Final Decisions 

Download the supplemental handouts (PDF, 663KB), adapted from “Graduate Study in Psychology,” “Insider’s Guide to Graduate Programs in Clinical and Counseling Psychology” and the presenters’ original research.

Meet the Presenters

A clinical psychologist, John C. Norcross , PhD, ABPP, is distinguished professor of psychology at the University of Scranton and adjunct professor of psychiatry at SUNY Upstate Medical University. Norcross has co-written or edited 20 books, including the “Insider’s Guide to Graduate Programs in Clinical & Counseling Psychology” and the 5-volume “APA Handbook of Clinical Psychology.” He has received multiple professional awards, including APA’s Distinguished Contributions to Education and Training in Psychology award, the Pennsylvania Professor of the Year from the Carnegie Foundation and election to the National Academies of Practice. 

A quantitative psychologist, Thomas P. Hogan , PhD, is professor of psychology and distinguished university fellow at the University of Scranton, where for 10 years he served as dean of the graduate school. He was formerly associate vice chancellor for graduate and professional programs at the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay. Hogan has won every teaching award offered by the university. He is author of several nationally standardized tests, and numerous books and articles related to psychological and educational measurement. In his positions, he has personally reviewed thousands of graduate school applications.

Still Have Questions

• Frequently asked questions about graduate school
• Applying to Graduate School

Resource Guides

• APAGS Resource Guide for Ethnic Minority Graduate Students
• APAGS multicultural training database
• Resource Guide for Psychology Graduate Students with Disabilities
• Proud and Prepared: A Guide for LGBT Students Navigating Graduate Training

15 Tips to Get into Top Ph.D. in Psychology Programs

Are you interested in pursuing a Ph.D. in Psychology? With the growing demand for mental health professionals, there is an increased need for doctoral-prepared psychology professionals. If you are considering pursuing a Ph.D. in psychology, you may feel the application process is daunting. You may wonder, “Can someone tell me how to get into a top Ph.D. in psychology program?" This is understandable because admissions can be competitive. In this article, I will share 15 tips on how to get into a top Ph.D. psychology program to help you improve your chances of admission. As you continue reading, you will learn about tips to follow, things to avoid, and find answers to frequently asked questions to get you on your way to becoming a Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology.

How Hard is It to Get Into Top Ph.D. in Psychology Programs?

5 main things top ph.d. in psychology programs look for in potential applicants, 1. a reputable gpa:, 2. good scores on the gre:, 3. an essay:, 4. good presentation in the admissions interview:, 5. recommendation letters:, how to get into top ph.d. in psychology programs, tip #1: grades matter, tip #2: prepare for and take the gre., tip #3: research experience is key., tip #4: internships and fellowships are very helpful, tip #5: strong letters of recommendation are vital, tip #6: demonstrate a clear interest in the field., tip #7: put together a strong application package., tip #8: network with faculty., tip #9: know your interests and be prepared to share them with the admission faculty., tip #10: excel in key undergraduate courses., tip #11: demonstrate cultural consciousness, tip #12: highlight leadership experience., tip #13: demonstrate genuine compassion for others., tip #14: apply to at least 4 to 6 programs., tip #15: ace the interview., bonus 5 must avoid common mistakes that might ruin your chances of getting into top ph.d. in psychology programs, mistake #1: not following instructions correctly, mistake #2: being unprofessional during your interview, mistake #3: not having solid references, mistake #4: not proofreading your application, mistake #5: not having a thorough understanding of the program, my final thoughts, frequently asked questions answered by our expert, 1. when is the application deadline for top ph.d. in psychology programs, 2. what are the admission requirements for top ph.d. in psychology programs, 3. what is the average gpa of students who get into top ph.d. in psychology programs, 4. can i get into a top ph.d. in psychology program with a low gpa, 5. how important is experience when trying to get into a top ph.d. in psychology program, 6. can i get into a top ph.d. in psychology program without extracurriculars, 7. is there an interview for admission into top ph.d. in psychology programs, 8. what is the admission rate for top ph.d. in psychology programs, 9. is there a waiting list for top ph.d. in psychology programs, 10. will applying early increase my chances of admission into top ph.d. in psychology programs.

College of Education

Counseling psychology doctoral program.

The University of Houston's Counseling Psychology doctoral program generates new knowledge and trains community-engaged change agents. We provide our students the tools they need to help others navigate the modern world. Our students have the opportunity to contribute to unique research opportunities in behavioral health, multiculturalism and social justice. Situated within one of the nation's most diverse cities, we have developed relationships with a variety of unique practicum locations, including several within the Texas Medical Center, the world's largest medical center.

• PHLS Directory
• Mission & Values
• Student Profiles
• Graduate Profiles

About the Program

The Counseling Psychology doctoral program trains psychologists to become health service psychologists and psychological researchers. Our nationally recognized and competitive program offers a challenging curriculum, a supportive student environment, student-faculty mentorship, excellent and diverse sites for clinical training, and multiple opportunities for research.

The following faculty are currently accepting new students:

Dr. blake allan, dr. consuelo arbona, dr. virmarie correa-fernández, dr. marcel de dios, dr. nathan grant smith, option: health psychology emphasis.

For those Counseling Psychology doctoral students who wish to add a Health Psychology Emphasis to their doctoral training, there is additional coursework that can be integrated into your program. This 15-hour minor includes three courses (two required and one elective) and two semesters of clinical health psychology practicum (which can be one of the practicum placements already included in the doctoral program). Hence, this is only an addition of nine credit hours. It is also possible to gain exposure to this topic by taking one or two courses. For more details on this option, please see pages 11-12 of the doctoral program handbook available on this website.

• Accredited American Psychological Association since 1987
• 5 - 6 years to complete the degree
• Counseling Psychology Student Handbook
• Student Admissions, Outcomes, and Other Data
• UH Graduate School

What will I learn while attending the counseling psychology program?

Students develop professional leadership, ethical, interpersonal, and intrapersonal skills through:

• Candidacy research project
• Comprehensive exam
• Dissertation

Since degree plans change periodically, students will follow the degree plan that is in place at the time in which they complete an official, approved degree plan. Students enter the program with either a Master’s or Undergraduate degree. Please see page 13 of the Counseling Psychology Ph.D. Program Handbook for the most current sample degree plans.

What can I do with my degree?

The program offers the preparation necessary for students to apply for licensure as psychologists in Texas. Our graduates are employed in settings such as:

• Colleges and University Psychology Departments
• University and College Counseling Centers
• Community Agencies
• Private Practice
• K-12 schools

Important Counseling Psychology Documents and Resources

The following is a collection of important documents and other resources

• Resource Guide for Ethnic Minority Graduate Students
• A Guide for LGBT Students Navigating Graduate Training
• Evaluation of Practicum Student Competencies
• Sample Practicum Contract
• Supervisor Evaluation Form
• Practicum Hours Log

Counseling Psychology Faculty

The following is a list of current counseling psychology faculty:.

Counseling Psychology Program

Faculty Profile | Email

Dr. Chakema Carmack

Dr. robert h. mcpherson.

• PHLS Homepage
• Our Programs

The Counseling Psychology faculty's research ranges from stress and coping in the LGBTQ community and tobacco cessation to minority stress and health disparities. Visit the PHLS Research Portal to learn more about our diverse interests and discover faculty pursuing answers to the questions that matter to you.

Feel free to contact faculty directly to learn more about their research. You can find contact information in the Research Portal or by visiting the COE Faculty Directory .

• PHLS Research Portal

Financial Aid

All Counseling Psychology doctoral students are encouraged to apply for scholarships through the UH and the College of Education. To learn more about how to fund your graduate studies, visit the Graduate Funding page .

Graduate Tuition Fellowship

Graduate Tuition Fellowship (GTF) provides tuition remission for 9 credit hours, during the academic year, to students who enroll in at least 9 credit hours. During the summer term, GTFs are contingent upon available budget. Not all years in the graduate program may be covered by this program.

Assistantships

Graduate appointments are usually available to students during the first two years of graduate studies. The program doesn't cover mandatory fees or course fees. Not all years in the graduate program are covered by this program. 

To learn more about funding your education, contact the COE's College of Graduate Studies at  [email protected]  or call 713-743-7676.

• COE Financial Aid and Scholarships
• UH Graduate Funding
• UH Graduate Financial Information

Houston, Texas

Houston is the fourth largest city in the United States and one of the nation's most diverse cities. This fact benefits our students and faculty both personally and professionally. Home to more than 100 different nationalities and where more than 60 different languages are spoken, Houston is the perfect environment to practice what you're learning in the classroom. The city also boasts more than 12,000 theater seats and 11,000 diverse restaurants featuring cuisines from around the globe (Don't know where to start? Just ask a Houstonian, and they're sure to bombard you with at least a dozen places to eat.) 

Houston is bustling with culture, energy and offers something for everyone inside and outside the classroom.

(Background photo: “ Metropolis ” by eflon is licensed under CC BY 2.0 .)

• Student Housing & Residential Life
• Greater Houston Partnership - Welcome to Houston

Ready to Apply?

Are you ready to apply to the University of Houston Counseling Psychology doctoral program ? Yes? You can learn more about the application process by visiting the College of Education's Graduate Admissions page  or jump right into the application process by visiting the UH's How to Apply to Graduate School page .

If you need more information about the Counseling Psychology program, we are here to help. You can always contact the COE Office of Graduate Studies by phone at 713-743-7676  or by email .

The Counseling Psychology doctoral program is a member of UH's Psychological, Health, & Learning Sciences department .

Training and Program Director:  Dr. Consuelo Arbona

UH College of Education Stephen Power Farish Hall 3657 Cullen Blvd., Room 491 Houston, TX 77204-5023

Undergraduate: [email protected] or 713-743-5000 Graduate: [email protected] or 713-743-7676 General: [email protected] or 713-743-5010

*Questions related to the program’s accreditation status should be directed to:

The Commission on Accreditation: Office of Program Consultation and Accreditation American Psychological Association 750 First Street, NE Washington, DC 20002-4242 (202) 336-5979 [email protected] http://www.apa.org/ed/accreditation/

• Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology
• Academic Programs

With a recent 10-year re-accreditation decision from the American Psychological Association , Illinois Tech’s Ph.D. in clinical psychology offers intensive training based on the Boulder Scientist/Practitioner model and cognitive-behavioral theoretical foundations. The program emphasizes a balance of clinical practice and the understanding and conduct of clinical psychological research, generally preparing you for licensure eligibility (although licensing requirements vary by jurisdiction). Practice experiences include exposure to diverse populations. A student’s training in practice and research begins in the first year and continues throughout their graduate career. Several students each year are admitted into a rehabilitation concentration .

Clinical Psychology Program Statement Against Racism, Police Brutality, and Systematic Oppression Against Black People

Program Overview

Illinois Tech trains students from the cognitive-behavioral framework to be scientist-practitioners. You'll learn the scientific process of psychological research, and receive extensive clinical training to prepare you to become a clinical psychologist and thought leader in the field.

Career Opportunities

Our graduates typically work in universities, medical centers, and multidisciplinary clinical settings in the following roles:

• Research/scholarship
• Clinical practice
• Supervision
• Administration
• Program Development

This program incorporates a series of substantive courses required by the American Psychological Association, in addition to research requirements, electives, and clinical training . Information on course requirements can be found in the  Graduate Bulletin .

Research training is an important aspect of your education. Here you will be educated in the scientific process of psychological research. Training begins in the first year working with faculty on their projects and continues through conducting your own research. This will prepare you to present posters and papers at conferences, which will provide valuable experience and professional contacts. Research activities are normally conducted with your adviser, but you may also work with other clinical and non-clinical faculty members. You also have flexibility to change your primary research mentor if your interests change during the course of training.

Clinical practicum experiences  will prepare you for work as a clinician and provide you with valuable contacts in the field. They also allow you to develop your clinical expertise by working in the community, reinforcing skills taught in the classroom. In addition,  an American Psychology Association (APA)-accredited internship  culminates your training as a practitioner. This year-long experience will facilitate the integration of your graduate training with valuable real-world experience. Optional participation on a variety of program committees provides an additional professional opportunity for students.

The clinical psychology doctoral program is also pleased to partner with our counseling and rehabilitation science faculty to offer a concentration in rehabilitation. This concentration includes APA-accredited clinical psychology doctoral training plus a unique emphasis for students who are interested in working with people across the lifespan affected by any injury or chronic condition that leads to disability. As of today, this is the only clinical psychology doctoral program in the nation with a   concentration in rehabilitation .

Admission Requirements

Illinois Tech's Ph.D. in clinical psychology accepts applications for fall entrance only. Each year the program typically admits five to seven students.

The psychology faculty recruiting clinical psychology students to mentor in their research labs beginning fall 2024 include:

• Dr. Nicole Ditchman
• Dr. Steff Du Bois
• Dr. Arryn Guy  (joining core clinical faculty as a tenure-track Assistant Professor in Fall 2024)
• Dr. Alissa Haedt-Matt
• Dr. Eun-Jeong Lee
• Dr. Nicole Legate
• Dr. Lindsay Sheehan

Please submit your online application as soon as possible. Your supplemental material cannot be entered into our database without a completed application. All applications and supporting documents must be submitted online by January 1, 2024 .

Requirements for admission to the program include:

• Bachelor's degree with 18 hours of undergraduate psychology, including successful coursework in research methods or statistics
• Completed online application, including payment of application fee
• Professional statement of 1,000 words or fewer outlining academic and career goals, academic potential, and relevant research and/or applied experience
• Three (3) letters of recommendation, which referees will upload directly into the application system
• Transcripts from all post-secondary institutions; transcripts must be uploaded directly into the application system. Please do not send them by mail.
• A curriculum vitae (CV)

The clinical psychology Ph.D. program at Illinois Tech no longer requires students to submit general GRE scores.

Please do not submit any extra materials, including writing samples, thesis papers, books, etc.

The clinical psychology faculty will review all applications and then invite a portion of applicants for virtual interviews at a later date. Invited applicants will receive more information closer to the interviews.

Tuition and Student Funding

Tuition for the clinical psychology program at Illinois Tech is detailed on the Graduate School website on the  Graduate Costs and Aid  page.

Illinois Tech provides partial funding of Ph.D. students through a variety of mechanisms. Funding is typically arranged on a year-to-year basis.

Funding Opportunities

Incoming first-year clinical students have an opportunity to participate in a clinically relevant experience through Illinois Tech’s Center for Research and Service by testing children applying to the Chicago Public Schools Selective Enrollment Program. This is an assistantship opportunity with tuition assistance and compensation. There is an expectation of participation. After the first year, limited testing and supervising positions may be available with the center for students.

A limited number of departmental teaching assistantships are available each semester for graduate students. More advanced doctoral students (i.e., those who have completed the master’s degree) may have opportunities to teach undergraduate psychology courses as an adjunct instructor.

Individual faculty members may have research grants that fund student effort. Although not guaranteed, the Department of Psychology often offers funding opportunities to help cover costs of student research projects (e.g., recruitment expenditures, material costs, participant incentives).

Many clinical students work part-time in a clinical research setting for at least some of the time they are at Illinois Tech. Although not arranged by Illinois Tech, these positions are typically excellent psychology experiences (e.g., as research assistants or neuropsychology testing technicians) and are often passed down from Illinois Tech student to Illinois Tech student.

Although not guaranteed, the Department of Psychology often offers funds for student travel to conferences to facilitate the presentation of student-authored research.

Standing Program Committee Opportunities for Students

Committee work is an important component of a job description in most clinical psychology settings (e.g., university departments, clinical practices or hospital settings, and professional non-profits organizations such as the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies). For this reason, we highly encourage doctoral students to participate in several of the program’s standing committees.

Diversity Committee

The Diversity Committee promotes activities and program priorities that emphasize the integration of knowledge and practice related to respecting human diversity of all kinds, such as different ethnicities, cultures, nationalities, sexual orientations, genders, and religions (a non-exhaustive list).

Colloquium Committee

The Colloquium Committee organizes lectures and talks for students and faculty in the program to enhance professional development and education.

Social Committee

The Social Committee organizes activities in the service of promoting a sense of community and cohesion in the program.  

Ad Hoc Technology Committee

The Technology Committee facilitates the web-based presence of the clinical psychology doctoral program and other technology-driven tasks.

Accreditation

Illinois Tech's Ph.D. in clinical psychology has been fully accredited by the American Psychological Association (APA) since 1982. For more information on APA accreditation, please visit  the  APA's accreditation website  or write to the address below. 

750 First Street, NE Washington, DC, 20002-4242 Phone: 202.336.5979 TDD/TTY: 202.336.6123 Fax: 202.336.5978 Email:  [email protected] g

For more information about the Illinois Tech's Ph.D. in clinical psychology, contact:

Alissa Haedt-Matt, Ph.D. Associate Professor and Director of Clinical Training Clinical Psychology Program 201 Tech Central 3242 S. State Street Chicago, IL 60616 Phone: 312.567.3514 Email:  [email protected]

Ph.D. Student Recognized for Eating Disorder Research

Clinical psychology Ph.D. student Elizabeth Dougherty is investigating the link between mental health and eating disorders.

Featured Faculty

Joyce Hopkins

Alissa Haedt-Matt

Steff Du Bois

Nicole Ditchman

Frank J. Lane

Eun-Jeong Lee

Nicole Legate

Arlen C. Moller

"My experience in the Clinical Psychology Ph.D. program at Illinois Tech has been an excellent balance of training in clinical work and research design and methodology. Above all, through the program’s courses, curriculum, rigor, and collaboration with faculty, I have cultivated an enduring skill and attitude of critical thinking. This is an invaluable asset to a dynamic career as a clinical psychologist working as a clinician, teacher, program manager, or researcher."

Arryn Guy (Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology Student)

Learn more...

Which University Degree Should I Pursue?

The degree you pursue is more important than the university where you pursue it..

Posted July 15, 2024 | Reviewed by Michelle Quirk

• What Is a Career
• Take our Procrastination Test
• Find a career counsellor near me
• Choosing a university degree involves weighing interests against job prospects and financial stability.
• Degrees in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, health, and business may lead to higher earnings.
• Career success often involves nonlinear paths and developing your passion over time.

Deciding what university degree to pursue is a major life decision that can shape your career and personal development. It's a question that prompts deep introspection, weighing interests against practical considerations like job prospects and financial stability. To illustrate how this decision can evolve and impact one's life, let’s look at the journey of Susan Wojcicki, the CEO of YouTube between 2014 and 2023.

Susan Wojcicki was born and raised in California. Wojcicki excelled academically and displayed a keen interest in writing, contributing to her high school newspaper, The Oracle . Based on her excellent grades, she was invited to attend Harvard University in 1986. However, like many young students, she faced uncertainty about which degree to pursue. She ultimately chose to major in history and literature, which was a program that nurtured her skills in writing and research and aligned strongly with her interests at the time.

During her time at Harvard, Wojcicki's academic interests expanded. She took an economics course that piqued her curiosity and planted the seed for a possible career in economics. However, it wasn’t until her senior year that another interest emerged in computer science. As you can guess, this newfound interest would later significantly impact her career trajectory.

After graduating in 1990 with honors, Wojcicki moved to Silicon Valley and continued her education . She earned a Master of Science in Economics from the University of California, Santa Cruz, in 1993, followed by an MBA from UCLA Anderson School of Management in 1998. Throughout this period, she gained valuable experience working in marketing and consulting roles at various companies.

In a twist of fate, Wojcicki rented her Menlo Park garage to two young computer scientists, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, who were working on their new startup, Google. Faced with a critical decision, Wojcicki chose to join Google in 1999 as their 16th employee rather than pursue a Ph.D. in economics. This decision set her on a path to becoming one of Time 's 2015 100 most influential people .

Wojcicki’s story underscores the complexity and importance of choosing a degree. Her journey demonstrates that the initial choice of degree is only one part of a broader educational and career landscape. When it comes to choosing a degree, two main factors stand out: interest and job prospects.

Following Your Interests

The advice to “follow your passion” is common, and for good reason. Studies show that students who choose their major based on intrinsic interests tend to perform better academically and feel more satisfied with their educational experience. For instance, a study involving more than 20,000 students from six large U.S. public universities found that those who chose their majors based on intrinsic reasons, such as a genuine interest in the subject, were more likely to be satisfied and feel a sense of belonging.

It's important to consider whether there's a good fit between your interests and your chosen field. According to John Holland, a prominent figure in vocational choice theory, people flourish when there's a match between their personality type and their environment. Holland identified six personality types each aligning with different activities, values, and competencies:

• Realistic: Prefers using tools and machines. Values material rewards. Excels at manual, mechanical, and technical activities.
• Investigative: Prefers thinking about phenomena. Values knowledge. Excels at scientific and mathematical activities.
• Artistic: Prefers creating new things. Values creativity . Excels at language, art, music, drama, and writing.
• Social: Prefers helping others. Values service. Excels at human relations.
• Enterprising: Prefers persuading others. Values status. Excels at leadership .
• Conventional: Prefers systematic organization of data. Values financial accomplishment. Excels at clerical and computational activities.

This match between personality type and occupation type turns out to be really important. Students are more likely to succeed if there is a good match between their personality interests and their major area of study. These are the first steps toward Ikigai , a Japanese concept that roughly translates into your reason for being.

Considering Job Prospects

While following your interests is crucial, it’s equally important to consider the practical aspects of your degree choice. Earnings potential, job security, and career growth are significant factors. Generally, degrees in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics), health, and business fields tend to offer higher starting salaries and better long-term financial prospects compared to degrees in the arts, humanities, and social sciences.

Although everyone’s income usually increases over time, the differences also increase. For example, during their prime earning years, on average, those with degrees in STEM, health, and business earn close to 42 percent more income than those with degrees in teaching, arts, liberal arts, and humanities. According to an analysis in 2014 , over the course of a lifetime, the expected earnings for a student enrolling in a U.S.-based arts or humanities undergraduate degree program is around 2.2 million dollars compared to 3.0 million dollars for a student enrolling in a business or STEM major.

More than one-third of those who earn a university degree go on to further study, which can be a smart financial move. Once again, graduate degrees in engineering, science, and business are most likely to boost earnings. For example, Wojcicki’s combination of a humanities undergraduate degree with postgraduate degrees in economics and business provided her with a diverse skill set that was highly valued in the tech industry. This blend of education and experience positioned her well to seize opportunities as they arose.

There are a few important take-homes from this analysis. First, choosing a university degree is a significant decision that involves balancing your interests with practical considerations about your future career and financial security. Before choosing a major, you should honestly reflect on your preferred activities, values, and competencies and then reflect on which degrees will provide you with a good fit.

Second, when considering financial aspects, it’s clear that different degrees lead to varying financial outcomes. On average, STEM and business degrees tend to offer higher lifetime earnings compared to arts and humanities degrees. Of course, the potential for high earnings exists in all fields for those who excel and leverage their skills effectively. It’s more lucrative to be a top-rate teacher than a bottom-rate engineer.

Third, the path to career success and happiness is often nonlinear. Opportunities can arise in unexpected ways. It’s important to remember that passions and interests evolve over time . What fascinates you at 17 might not hold the same appeal at 27 or 37. Additionally, the idea of a single, preordained passion can be limiting. It can be more helpful to think of passion as something you can develop and cultivate through your experiences and education.

If you'd like to see how your own big decisions compare to those of others, complete the survey here and also check out the data.

Susan Wojcicki . Forbes.

Brian Grazer. Susan Wojcicki. Time. April 16, 2015.

K. Schaeffer. 10 facts about today’s college graduates . Pew Research. Apruk 12, 2022.

Adrian R. Camilleri, Ph.D. , is a behavioral scientist who currently works at the University of Technology Sydney (UTS) Business School.

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