example of pros and cons essay

How to Write a Pros & Cons Essay: Step-By-Step Guide

Trying to convince someone to take your word on a particular subject isn’t straightforward. You must present convincing arguments backed by proof to encourage your opponent to change their mind. Moreover, the pros and cons essay must also cover the opposing standpoints.

You may wonder why this is relevant. Undoubtedly, most issues in our modern society are multidimensional and double or often triple-sided. There’s no concept clearly black and white, for the simple reason that no two people on Earth have an identical point of view.

Therefore, writing pro and con essays is vital for students of all ages. In the process, you will learn to think analytically and reason things from different angles. Whatever your thoughts on the topic, you must prove your point by offering convincing evidence and facts.

For those who never had the chance to write a pros & cons essay, the time has come to take the plunge. The start may be intimidating, but you’ll soon get the hang of it. To help you, we list a few helpful tips and examples to consider for your pro and con paper.

What Is a Pros and Cons Essay?

Before you set your aims high, let’s explain what for and against essays are. You must also understand the importance of this kind of academic assignment to write efficiently. A pros & cons essay is a written task that elaborates on the advantages and disadvantages of a specific problem. The paper covers different sides of a single topic where your argument prevails.

The most challenging aspect for students is that they can’t just list the benefits and drawbacks of a pressing matter. Instead, they must summarize ideas, like when writing a synthesis essay , and pick a side by stating their point. Moreover, the paper must have a logical flow that ends with your attitude.

The introduction should signpost the direction in which you’re steering. State your opinion only after you’ve meticulously analyzed all for and against arguments.

A Compelling Topic

The topic you choose must have inherent positive and negative sides. Avoid themes with evident benefits and no disadvantages. Similarly, skip obviously disadvantageous topics because those are tiresome and time-consuming. For example, write about an issue with pronounced bad and good sides, such as advertising, online education, or modern technologies. However, the ultimate decision will depend on the course specifics and your professor’s guidelines.

Relevant Ideas

Your work must offer a unique perspective on a central idea. And you must support the main claim with at least three arguments. Including every possible pro and con will overwhelm the reader and won’t make your work impactful.

Instead, write about the core aspects of the issue. You can find numerous relevant examples on Paperell if you lack inspiration. Also, ensure you discuss the strongest point at the onset. Similarly, refute the most relevant con in the end to demonstrate your ability to handle opposing views.

Write in the traditional format. It should consist of an introduction, middle paragraphs (one paragraph for each idea), and a conclusion. Use short and concise sentences to avoid losing yourself in your thoughts. Run-on sentences will confuse the reader and impede seamless reading.

Originality

Refrain from copying other works without including quotations. Your paper must be 100% authentic. If you decide to seek assistance from a platform that offers online essays for sale , ensure it is reliable. Most custom paper services abide by strict academic standards and deliver plagiarism-free work.

Make sure your ideas are relevant, supported by facts, and not arbitrary. Also, typos are unacceptable for these kinds of assignments. To avoid losing points on technical aspects, review your grammatical structures and use plenty of synonyms for the keywords in the essay.

How to Write a Pros and Cons Essay?

For a rookie, the essay composition process might prove an uphill task. However, with practice, you’ll become more efficient and productive. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to write your essay.

Do Thorough Research

Examine the assigned topic and focus on important information on the subject. Try to find credible sources that are objective and fact-based. Though you probably have an opinion on the problem, don’t let it blur your objectivity.

Brainstorm the Advantages and Disadvantages

Once you find enough positive and negative sides of the matter, write them in a list. Ensure you provide examples for each point, as you’d do in exemplification essay writing for your college assignments. Write two columns and rate items by relevance. The top three benefits should go in the paper.

Draft the Essay Skeleton

Decide what outline you’ll use. One approach is to write each pro and con in different paragraphs. Alternatively, you might want to dedicate every paragraph to one aspect of the dilemma, discussing both pros and cons simultaneously.

Be Creative

Start your journey with an attention-grabbing idea that urges your audience to keep reading. To this end, choose a hook for an essay that is topic-related and amusing. Also, when writing a pros and cons paper, the thesis statement should tell the reader what follows.

In the body section, discuss the points you decided to include but with examples and facts. Each paragraph should start with a topic sentence, and all explanations should relate to the main claim. The conclusion must summarize the essay, restate your position, and compel the reader to contemplate the problem.

Editing and proofreading your work is critical for an impeccable essay. Ensure your punctuation, spelling, and grammar are error-free.

Plagiarism Free Pros & Cons Essay

Writing a 100% original manuscript isn’t straightforward. As much as you try to paraphrase, sophisticated tools recognize your attempts. The same will happen with the trained eye of your professor. Consider the following tips to avoid plagiarized essays.

Cite Properly

Citations are vital, so you must give credit to all sources you’re using in your paper. This way, you show you can borrow information with integrity. Failure to include quotations and references is plagiarism. The best way to cite a study or research is to follow the APA style.

Use a Plagiarism Checker

Your teachers use specialized tools to check the plagiarism level in your essay. Doing this will spare you a lot of trouble and effort. Try your free plagiarism checker with percentage to get a detailed report on your work. If you spot copied content, rewrite it to express your ideas differently.

Be Original

Pros and cons essays reveal your side on a specific subject. Hence, there’s nothing wrong with sticking to your opinions. With original ideas, you won’t have to worry about plagiarism. Still, always base your thoughts on relevant research and use the conclusion to call for action. Need help with the pros and cons essay? You can pay for papers online to get professional help. Also, ask your instructors or teachers to help you understand the topic.

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Tips on Writing a Pros and Cons Essay

Have you ever argued with someone who thinks that their point of view is the only right point? Such people don’t even try to consider the arguments and evidence from the opposite side, that’s what makes such conversations frustrating. There are many complex issues, where it’s not easy to make a choice. Our world is not black-and-white, and if you want to make a point, you should also consider the opposite point. Fortunately, writing classes teach students analytical thinking, and pros and cons essays are the best exercises. When writing such essays, you should consider both sides of an issue, and tips from specialists at College-Writers.Com will help you with it.

What Is a Pros and Cons Essay?

To write a decent pros and cons essay, you should perfectly understand what it is. This type of writing assignments is exactly what it sounds like: it’s an argumentative essay that requires you to consider both positive and negative aspects of a subject.

Perhaps, the most difficult thing about this type of writing is that you cannot just write a list of pros and cons. Instead, you should synthesize the facts that you have, picking a side and clearly stating your own point. However, your essay shouldn’t be all about supporting your point. It should provide arguments, and your opinion must be just your personal conclusion that you came to after analyzing all the arguments.

What to Consider When Writing a Pros and Cons Essay

First, you should choose a debatable topic. It means that you must be able to provide a balanced number of both negatives and positives. For example, genocide is not debatable because you cannot say anything good about it, and charity is also not debatable because there’s nothing bad you can say about it.

Another important thing to consider is that both pros and cons should be given equal weight in your essay. You should carefully analyze both sides of the argument. When you read a good pros and cons essay, you cannot understand what is the author’s opinion until you see the thesis statement at the end. Now let’s take a closer look at the writing process itself.

Pros and Cons Essays: Step-By-Step Guide

The writing process is somewhat similar to that of any argumentative essay because it includes researching, writing an outline, writing a draft, and proofreading. However, the pros and cons essays also have their own specific features.

1. Research your topic

If you’ve got your topic assigned by your instructor, or if you’ve chosen a good debatable topic, start researching it. Make sure to look for credible sources and avoid being biased. You must be open-minded about your subject, even if you have a certain opinion. Don’t let your opinion affect your research.

2. Brainstorm the pros and cons

While researching, divide the information into two categories: pros, and cons. At this point, you don’t need to write an outline, just make a list of positive and negative aspects that will serve as the basis for your outline.

3. Write an outline

Once you’ve got a list of pros and cons, write your outline. It should consist of an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion. In the body of the essay, you should address the pros and cons. You may choose to list all the pros first and then address the cons, or you may devote each paragraph of the body to a certain aspect of the issue, explaining its pros and cons. Here’s an example:

• Thesis statement
• Final thoughts

4. Write the introduction

The introduction should start with a strong hook — the very first sentence that should motivate your readers to keep reading your essay. The thesis statement must provide your opinion on the subject. However, when writing pros and cons essays, you may also present your thesis statement in the conclusion. If you include your thesis statement in the introduction, it may provide a general understanding of what the body paragraphs will be about.

5. Add details to your outline

Once you’ve written the thesis statement and the outline, it won’t be a problem for you to write the body paragraphs. Just elaborate on the points from your outline and add more details. Every body paragraph should only focus on one point but all the paragraphs should be related to the thesis statement.

6. Write the conclusion

The conclusion has two main purposes. First, it should summarize the whole essay. Secondly, it should leave your readers with something to think about. It may also reveal your opinion by presenting the thesis statement if you haven’t stated it in the introduction.

As you can see, writing a pros and cons essay is not a difficult task. If you’re still not sure that you can write a good essay, we suggest that you ask experts from College-Writers.com for help. Our professional writers know everything about writing assignments of any kind, and they will provide you with outstanding papers on any topic.

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How to Write a Pros & Cons Essay

Much like writing a debate essay, writing a pros and cons essay argues an issue. However, unlike a debate essay, which addresses one viewpoint, the pros and cons essay deals with both sides of the issue. With research and preparation, students can write a thought-provoking -- and grade-worthy -- pros and cons essay.

First Things First

Unlike the debate paper, for which you conduct research to support your position on an issue, you must research the issue extensively so that you can dispassionately describe the pros and cons. Find resources that cover opposing sides of the issue. Take thorough notes and resist the temptation to discard positions that repel you. You might use a graphic organizer to bring order to your findings. Draw a large lowercase "t" on a sheet of paper. Title the left side "pros" and list all the pros of the issue on the left side. Include citations from your research. Title the right side "cons" and repeat the process.

The Positive View

Your introductory paragraph must briefly and dispassionately describe the issue. Follow with a sentence that summarizes the pro side of the debate, followed by a sentence that summarizes the con. Then, open with the case for the pro. Devote one paragraph to each of your primary points. You can cover secondary points in groups of two or three in a single paragraph. When you cover multiple points in a paragraph, reread the paragraph several times and ask others to review it. You don't want the multiplicity of your points to muddy the information you're trying to convey. Support each pro point with evidence based on your research.

The Negative Side

Follow your pro points with the arguments for the other side. Open with a brief introduction that clearly summarizes the opposing view. Each con paragraph should support your point with meticulously researched evidence. Emphasize any points that contradict a pro point you may have highlighted in the preceding section.

Your conclusion should state the issue and why it is important. Choose one strong pro and one strong con to include in your conclusion to illustrate the most prominent points. Finally, craft a strong sentence that ties all of your ideas together to end your essay.

One Last Look for Fairness

Read the essay to ensure you've applied the same rigorous standards for evidence to both sides. Check whether you've used transitional language to link the paragraphs into cohesive arguments. Have others read it and ask them to tell you whether they can detect any biases.

• BYU: Reading/Writing Center -- Pro/Con Essays
• Literacy Education Online: Strategies for Writing a Conclusion

Lori Garrett-Hatfield has a B.J. in Journalism from the University of Missouri. She has a Ph.D. in Adult Education from the University of Georgia. She has been working in the Education field since 1994, and has taught every grade level in the K-12 system, specializing in English education, and English as a Second Language education.

An Example of How to Write a Pro & Con Essay

Todd bowerman.

“Pro and Con” essays are impartial reports engineered to provide the reader with both the positive and negative aspects of any given topic. Your job as the writer of one of these essays is to provide accurate information that backs up both sides of the argument, yet does not show any favor toward one side or another. Writing a pro and con essay is similar to writing any other type of essay with a few minor tweaks.

Explore this article

• Choose a good topic
• Brainstorm as many negative and positive qualities as and of your topic
• Isolate three or four or
• Use a traditional essay format

1 Choose a good topic

Choose a good topic. The most important step in writing your essay is finding a subject that has both pros and cons. Writing a pro and con essay on a topic that is clearly beneficial or clearly dangerous will prove to be difficult and time-consuming. If you are allowed to choose your own topic, pick something that has two clear sides, each with their own set of arguments. For instance, you could choose to illustrate the pros and cons of a vehicle with a manual transmission. Since driving a manual isn't overwhelmingly good or bad, it is a perfect example of the type of topic to look for.

2 Brainstorm as many negative and positive qualities as and of your topic

Brainstorm as many negative and positive qualities of your topic as possible. Start two columns on a piece of paper, one labeled “Pros” and one labeled “Cons.” Fill this page with as many details as you can. Sticking with the manual transmission example, pros could include better gas mileage, less transmission maintenance, more fun and better performance. Cons could include damage caused by user error, inconvenience in slow traffic or hazardous situations and difficulty.

3 Isolate three or four or

Isolate three or four of the largest benefits and three or four of the largest problems with your topic from your brainstorming list. You cannot write about every pro or con, so stick with the ones that are at the core of your issue. Using the manual transmission example again, the strongest pros would be better gas mileage and less maintenance, while the strongest cons are the learning curve and possible user error causing expensive damage. You will likely have far more options from which to choose.

Research your topic at a library or using trusted resources on the Internet. A pro and con essay should be backed by as many facts as you can provide to strengthen both sides of the argument. For instance, Consumer Reports has found that a manual transmission improves gas mileage by 2 to 5 miles per gallon. That's a concrete fact that can help make the case for the pros of driving a stick. On the cons side, an expensive problem like clutch wear is verifiable evidence of the possible costs involved in driving a stick.

5 Use a traditional essay format

Use a traditional essay format to argue the case. Your first paragraph should be an introduction that speaks briefly on the topic at hand and what you intend to do with it. Use middle paragraphs to discuss pros and cons, devoting one section of your paper to each. Wrap your essay up with the conclusion you have drawn from doing this research and writing your paper. Be sure to mention your own opinion somewhere in the conclusion paragraph. Your closing line can be simple, along the lines of, "Based on the information I have discovered in my research, driving a vehicle with a manual transmission is clearly the better option for drivers concerned about the long-term cost and health of their vehicles."

• 1 Essay Town: How to Write a Pros and Cons Essay

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278 Pros and Cons Essay Topics & Ideas

• Icon Calendar 18 May 2024
• Icon Page 2289 words
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Pros and cons essay topics offer an opportunity to analyze multiple aspects of a subject, weighing both positive and negative elements. They promote critical thinking, compelling the writer to delve into complex issues, presenting diverse viewpoints, and fostering a balanced argument. These themes can touch diverse fields, such as technology, social issues, politics, or the environment. However, the challenge lies in presenting a balanced perspective, not swaying too much on one side. It may become difficult if one’s personal bias toward a subject is obvious. Additionally, these topics often involve controversial issues, which require in-depth research to provide accurate, comprehensive information. The key to handling pros and cons essay topics successfully is an unbiased perspective, thorough research, and a well-structured argument.

Best Pros and Cons Topics

• Remote Learning in the Modern Age
• Genetic Modification: A Revolution in Agriculture
• Ethical Implications of Animal Testing
• Universal Basic Income: Solution to Poverty?
• Veganism: An Ethical and Healthful Choice?
• Nuclear Power: Energy Savior or Environmental Hazard?
• Cryptocurrency: Future of Finance or Speculative Bubble?
• Gun Control: Safety Measure or Infringement on Rights?
• Mandatory Vaccinations: Public Health Necessity or Personal Freedom Invasion?
• Internet Censorship: Protection or Restriction of Freedom?
• Autonomous Vehicles: Road Safety Improvement or Risk?
• Corporal Punishment: Effective Discipline or Child Abuse?
• Climate Change Mitigation: Economic Burden or Investment?
• Capital Punishment: Deterrent to Crime or Inhumane Practice?
• Cloning: Medical Breakthrough or Ethical Nightmare?
• Reality Television: Harmless Entertainment or Negative Influence?
• Artificial Intelligence: Economic Boon or Job Threat?
• Space Exploration: Worth the Investment or Financial Drain?
• Zoos: Education and Conservation Centers or Animal Prisons?
• Euthanasia: Mercy or Murder?
• Renewable Energy: Sustainable Solution or Unreliable Source?
• Youth Sports: Character Building or Too Competitive?
• Biometric Technology: Security Improvement or Privacy Erosion?
• Alternative Medicine: Healthful Practice or Pseudoscience?

Easy Pros and Cons Topics

• Homeschooling: Alternative Education or Socialization Hinderance?
• Plastic Surgery: Confidence Booster or Health Risk?
• Trade Unions: Workers’ Rights Protector or Economic Hindrance?
• Multilingual Education: Cultural Richness or Confusion?
• Immigration: Economic Growth Engine or Job Competition?
• Video Games: Skill Development or Violence Promoter?
• Social Media: Connectivity or Privacy Invasion?
• Caffeine Consumption: Health Benefit or Risk?
• Genetically Modified Foods: Solution to Hunger or Health Hazard?
• Nuclear Disarmament: Path to Peace or Security Risk?
• Surveillance Cameras: Safety Ensurer or Privacy Invader?
• Drone Technology: Efficiency Improvement or Privacy Threat?
• Mass Tourism: Economic Driver or Environmental Degrader?
• Offshore Drilling: Energy Solution or Environmental Danger?
• Celebrity Culture: Inspiration or Distraction?
• Fast Food Consumption: Convenience or Health Risk?
• Mobile Phones in Schools: Learning Tool or Distraction?
• Online Privacy: Safety or Surveillance?
• Organic Farming: Sustainable Practice or Luxury Expense?
• Hydroelectric Power: Renewable Energy or Ecosystem Disrupter?
• Deforestation: Economic Development or Biodiversity Threat?
• Animal Agriculture: Food Supply or Environmental Stressor?

Interesting Pros and Cons Topics

• Telecommuting: Work-Life Balance or Productivity Killer?
• Body Cameras on Police: Accountability Tool or Privacy Invasion?
• Online Shopping: Convenience or Traditional Retail Killer?
• Single-Gender Schools: Focused Education or Gender Stereotype Reinforcement?
• Electronic Voting: Democratic Enhancement or Security Risk?
• Free Trade Agreements: Economic Boom or Job Loss?
• Junk Food Tax: Health Initiative or Personal Freedom Infringement?
• Streaming Services: Entertainment Evolution or Traditional Media Death?
• Facial Recognition: Security Tool or Privacy Violation?
• Forest Conservation: Biodiversity Savior or Development Constraint?
• Solar Power: Sustainable Energy or Landscape Disruption?
• Drones for Delivery: Efficiency or Public Safety Hazard?
• Reality Augmentation: Technological Breakthrough or Reality Detachment?
• Fracking: Energy Solution or Environmental Hazard?
• Human Microchipping: Security Enhancement or Privacy Infringement?
• Reproductive Cloning: Medical Miracle or Ethical Minefield?
• Animal Fur in Fashion: Luxury or Cruelty?
• Homework: Academic Advantage or Unnecessary Stress?
• Fossil Fuel Dependency: Economic Necessity or Environmental Crisis?
• Carbon Capture Technology: Climate Change Solution or Greenwashing?
• Fast Fashion: Affordability or Environmental Impact?
• Legalizing Marijuana: Medical Breakthrough or Gateway Drug?
• Robot Workers: Efficiency Booster or Job Eliminator?

Pros and Cons Essay Topics for High School

• Implementation of School Uniforms: Benefits and Drawbacks
• The Influence of Social Media on Teenagers: Positive and Negative Aspects
• Incorporation of Technology in Education: Pros and Cons
• Standardized Testing: Advantages and Disadvantages
• Banning Junk Food in Schools: Right or Wrong?
• Single-Sex Education vs. Co-Education: A Comparative Analysis
• Homework Assignments: Necessary Practice or Unnecessary Pressure?
• Impacts of Extracurricular Activities on Students’ Life: Pros and Cons
• Online Classes vs. Traditional Classes: An Examination of Merits and Demerits
• School Hours Extension: Beneficial or Detrimental?
• Year-Round Schooling: A Review of Pros and Cons
• Learning Foreign Languages in School: Advantages and Disadvantages
• The Role of Sports in Schools: Positive and Negative Implications
• Integration of Arts Education: Pros and Cons
• Usage of Mobile Devices in Class: Boon or Bane?
• Compulsory Community Service for Students: Justified or Not?
• Early College Admission Programs: Assessing the Benefits and Risks
• Corporal Punishment in Schools: A Balanced Debate
• Privatization of Education: Pros and Cons
• Distance Learning: A Comprehensive Pros and Cons Analysis
• Sex Education in Schools: Critical Examination of Advantages and Disadvantages
• Parental Involvement in School Activities: Positive and Negative Aspects
• Academic Grading System: A Review of Its Merits and Demerits
• Inclusion of Meditation and Yoga in School Curriculum: Pros and Cons
• Mandatory Attendance Policies: An Examination of Benefits and Drawbacks

Pros and Cons Essay Topics for Middle School

• Incorporation of Life Skills Education in Curriculum: A Debate
• Boarding Schools vs. Day Schools: A Comparative Analysis
• Personalized Learning: Merits and Demerits
• Strict Dress Code Policies: A Balanced Argument
• Providing Student Counselling in Schools: Weighing the Pros and Cons
• Coed Sports in Schools: A Discussion of Benefits and Challenges
• Multicultural Education: Examining the Positives and Negatives
• Introduction of Philosophy Classes in High School: Pros and Cons
• Group Work in School Assignments: A Review of Advantages and Disadvantages
• Advancement of STEM Education: Weighing Its Merits and Demerits
• School Cafeterias: An Analysis of Health and Convenience Aspects
• Teaching Critical Thinking in Schools: A Balanced Examination
• School Field Trips: Weighing Educational Value and Risks
• Bilingual Education: A Comprehensive Pros and Cons Analysis
• Animal Dissection in Biology Class: Ethical Considerations and Practical Benefits
• Dual Enrollment Classes: Weighing Academic Benefits and Challenges
• Censorship of Books in School Libraries: A Balanced Argument
• Use of Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Comprehensive Analysis
• Adoption of Zero Tolerance Policies in Schools: A Debate
• Healthy Eating Programs in Schools: Pros and Cons
• Teacher Tenure: An Examination of Its Benefits and Drawbacks
• Climate Change Education: The Importance and Challenges in Schools
• Cyberbullying: Understanding Its Impacts and Ways to Mitigate
• School Security Measures: Weighing Safety and Freedom
• Influence of Video Games on Students: A Discussion on Advantages and Disadvantages

Pros and Cons Essay Topics for College Students

• Adoption of Artificial Intelligence in Everyday Life
• Online Learning vs. Traditional Classroom Instruction
• Use of Cryptocurrencies as a Primary Form of Exchange
• Introduction of Universal Basic Income in Developed Nations
• Implication of Driverless Cars on Traffic Management and Safety
• Consumption of Genetically Modified Foods and Health Outcomes
• Exploration of Space as a Priority for Modern Society
• Legalization of Medical Marijuana for Pain Management
• Impacts of Social Media on Interpersonal Communication
• Roles of Animal Testing in Biomedical Research
• Significance of Nuclear Energy in the Global Energy Mix
• Influence of Violent Video Games on Youth Behavior
• Efficacy of School Uniforms in Promoting Discipline and Equality
• Relevance of Single-Gender Schools in Contemporary Education
• Adoption of Veganism for the Health and Environment
• Deregulation of the Energy Market: Benefits and Drawbacks
• Value of Mandatory Military Service in Modern Democracies
• Practice of Telecommuting in Post-Pandemic Times
• Use of Drones in Delivery and Surveillance Services
• Importance of Privacy in the Age of Big Data
• Effects of Multilingualism on Cognitive Development
• Application of Genetic Engineering in Human Health
• Debate on Climate Change and Global Warming Policies
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Open Office Spaces

Pros and Cons Essay Topics for University

• Impacts of Homeschooling on Children’s Social Skills
• Roles of Religion in Public Schools
• Potential of 3D Printing in Manufacturing Industries
• Influence of Celebrity Culture on Youth Identity Formation
• Use of Performance-Enhancing Drugs in Professional Sports
• Prospects of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles in Decarbonization
• Responsibility of Developed Countries in Climate Change Mitigation
• Evaluation of Renewable Energy Subsidies for Energy Transition
• Influence of Parenting Styles on Child Development
• Adoption of Facial Recognition Technology in Law Enforcement
• Question of Human Cloning: Ethical Implications
• Roles of Internet Censorship in Protecting National Security
• Effects of Mass Tourism on Local Cultures
• Impacts of Fast Fashion on the Environment
• Application of Nanotechnology in Medicine
• Importance of Liberal Arts Education in a Technological Society
• Effects of Mandatory Voting on Democratic Participation
• Impacts of Music Therapy on Mental Health
• Influence of Body Cameras on Police Accountability
• Pros and Cons of Full-Time Employment vs. Freelancing
• Role of Animal Zoos in Wildlife Conservation
• Application of Blockchain Technology Beyond Cryptocurrencies
• Debate on Genetically Modified Babies for Disease Prevention
• Consideration of Eco-Tourism as a Sustainable Travel Alternative

Pro and Con Debate Topics

• Space Tourism: Exciting Frontier or Elitist Extravagance?
• Universal Healthcare: Basic Human Right or Economic Burden?
• Polar Tourism: Adventure or Environmental Threat?
• eSports: Athletic Recognition or Sedentary Lifestyle Promoter?
• Online Dating: Convenient Connection or Relationship Ruin?
• Zero-Waste Lifestyle: Sustainable Practice or Unrealistic Expectation?
• Artificial Photosynthesis: Energy Breakthrough or Technological Hurdle?
• Underwater Cities: Innovative Living or Ecological Disaster?
• Job Automation: Efficiency Gain or Workforce Threat?
• Wildlife Trafficking: Economic Opportunity or Conservation Crisis?
• Gender-Neutral Parenting: Equality Promoter or Identity Confusion?
• Food Waste: Resource Mismanagement or Consumer Habit?
• Carbon Offsetting: Climate Solution or Responsibility Shift?
• Genetic Privacy: Personal Protection or Research Obstacle?
• Cashless Society: Convenience or Privacy Threat?
• Aging Population: Burden or Wisdom Source?
• Digital Learning Tools: Learning Enhancer or Traditional Teaching Underminer?
• Designer Babies: Medical Miracle or Ethical Disaster?
• Intellectual Property Rights: Innovation Protection or Monopolization?
• Digital Currency: Economic Revolution or Financial Instability?

Controversial Pro and Con Topics

• Mandatory Vaccination: Pros and Cons
• Legalization of Recreational Drugs: Benefits and Drawbacks
• Nuclear Energy: Advantages and Disadvantages
• Animal Testing in Medical Research: Arguments For and Against
• Capital Punishment: Exploring the Upsides and Downsides
• Adoption of Universal Basic Income: Prospects and Challenges
• Internet Censorship: Freedom vs. Safety
• Gene Editing Technology: Ethical Implications
• Driverless Cars: A Technological Breakthrough or Risky Innovation
• Homeschooling: Assessing Its Strengths and Weaknesses
• Protesting Rights: Balancing Freedom and Public Safety
• Concealed Firearms: Public Protection or Public Threat?
• Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs): Feeding the World or Damaging the Environment
• Surveillance Technology: Safeguarding or Invading Privacy
• Social Media Influence: Connectivity or Toxicity
• Animal Rights vs. Human Needs: A Delicate Balance
• School Uniforms: Promoting Equality or Suppressing Individuality
• Euthanasia: Compassionate Response or Moral Dilemma
• Outsourcing Jobs: Boost for Global Economy or Local Unemployment Trigger
• Veganism: Healthy Lifestyle or Nutritional Risk
• Fracking: Energy Solution or Environmental Hazard
• Polygamy: Cultural Practice or Human Rights Violation
• Deforestation: Economic Gain vs. Environmental Loss
• Human Cloning: Scientific Progress or Ethical Nightmare
• Space Colonization: Next Frontier or Dangerous Fantasy

Pros and Cons Ideas

• Wind Power: Renewable Solution or Noise Pollution?
• Animal Rights in Entertainment: Fun Show or Unethical Practice?
• Artificial Meat: Sustainability Savior or Health Concern?
• Screen Time for Children: Educational Tool or Developmental Hindrance?
• GMO Labeling: Consumer Right or Unnecessary Panic?
• Public Surveillance: Crime Deterrent or Freedom Infringement?
• Trophy Hunting: Conservation Strategy or Cruelty?
• Quantum Computing: Technological Revolution or Security Threat?
• Prescription Drug Advertising: Informed Choice or Misleading Practice?
• Assisted Suicide: Compassionate Care or Ethical Dilemma?
• Nuclear Family Structure: Social Stability or Outdated Model?
• Paper Books vs. E-Books: Tradition or Technology?
• Colonizing Mars: Human Achievement or Unnecessary Distraction?
• Performance Enhancing Drugs: Fair Advantage or Cheating?
• Modern Art: Creative Expression or Financial Speculation?
• Professional Gaming: Career Opportunity or Unhealthy Lifestyle?
• Beauty Pageants: Self-Expression or Objectification?
• Child Labor: Economic Necessity or Human Rights Violation?
• Overtourism: Economic Prosperity or Cultural Erosion?
• Multiculturalism: Social Enrichment or Integration Challenge?
• Invasive Species: Ecological Threat or Biodiversity Booster?

Pro and Con Paper Topics

• Extreme Sports: Thrill or Danger?
• Lifelong Learning: Personal Growth or Economic Necessity?
• Paying College Athletes: Fair Compensation or Amateur Spirit Ruin?
• Self-Driving Cars: Traffic Solution or Safety Issue?
• Artificial Wombs: Medical Advancement or Ethical Quandary?
• Violent Media: Artistic Freedom or Social Malady?
• Helicopter Parenting: Child Safety or Overprotection?
• Cybersecurity Measures: Essential Safeguard or Privacy Intrusion?
• Holographic Technology: Futuristic Communication or Privacy Concern?
• Virtual Reality: Exciting Innovation or Isolation Enhancer?
• Hyperloop Travel: Transportation Revolution or Pipe Dream?
• Geoengineering: Climate Savior or Ecological Risk?
• Population Control: Sustainable Solution or Human Rights Violation?
• Nanotechnology: Revolutionary Science or Unpredictable Threat?
• Bioplastics: Environmental Solution or Greenwashing?
• Internet of Things: Connected Convenience or Surveillance Nightmare?
• 3D Printing: Manufacturing Revolution or Intellectual Property Nightmare?
• Digital Nomad Lifestyle: Freedom or Isolation?
• Dark Tourism: Educational Experience or Insensitive Practice?
• Autonomous Weapons: Military Efficiency or Ethical Disaster?

Pros and Cons Issues

• Telemedicine: Healthcare Accessibility or Patient Risk
• Labor Unions: Employee Advocacy or Business Hindrance
• Artificial Intelligence: Boosting Efficiency or Threatening Jobs
• Plastic Surgery: Cosmetic Enhancement or Health Risk
• Crypto-Currencies: Future of Finance or Bubble Waiting to Burst
• Assisted Reproduction: Miracle of Science or Ethical Quandary
• Multicultural Education: Promoting Diversity or Dividing Society
• Reality TV: Entertainment or Cultural Decay
• Extreme Sports: Thrilling Adventure or Unnecessary Risk
• Designer Babies: Genetic Customization or Ethical Issue
• Lobbying: Advocacy Tool or Unfair Influence
• Violent Video Games: Entertainment or Negative Influence
• Organic Farming: Sustainable Practice or Inefficient Production
• Renewable Energy: Long-Term Solution or Unrealistic Ideal
• Civil Disobedience: Necessary Protest or Legal Violation
• Zoos: Conservation Efforts or Animal Cruelty
• Performance Enhancing Drugs: Sporting Equality or Unfair Advantage
• Stem Cell Research: Medical Breakthrough or Ethical Dilemma
• Online Dating: Romantic Revolution or Relationship Ruin
• Corporate Social Responsibility: Ethical Practice or Marketing Gimmick
• Junk Food Taxation: Public Health Initiative or Personal Freedom Infringement
• Single-Gender Education: Enhanced Learning or Limited Socialization
• Offshore Drilling: Energy Opportunity or Environmental Threat
• Monarchy: Historical Heritage or Outdated System
• GMO Labeling: Consumer Right or Unnecessary Fearmongering

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• Pros and Cons

50 Pros and Cons Essay Topics

What is the point of pros and cons essay topics? They help students understand what they would like to write about. Imagine that you got an assignment: your professor asked you to craft an essay where you evaluate an object along with its advantages and disadvantages. This would be a pros & cons type of task, and it’s represented by a set of different features. You might be concerned about how much research you’re going to need and when to find time for writing, but the truth is, selecting which pros and cons subjects to explore is one of the major factors affecting your success. If you make a wrong decision, then your research and efforts won’t pay off as well as they could have otherwise. This kind of essay is essential because it develops your analytical skills and teaches you to look into the depth of an object, underlining its weak and strong sides. We hope to assist you by making it clear why choice of topics plays such a major role in writing and where to find inspiration for it.

How to Choose Pro Con Essay Topics?

All students should follow some writing strategies when they start working on a new task. We’re going to outline four of them. Take a look and try to keep these things in mind. They usually apply in all situations, and with their help, you have more chances at writing a strong and engaging essay.

• Always make things interesting for yourself.  All topics could be made interesting, at least to an extent. If you were forced to take a topic from a professor-generated list, then it could be tough, but otherwise, you can always look for something that will trigger your honest interest. There are plenty of good pros and cons topics — all you need is take a dive into your own mind. Think about stuff that you’re invested in. Perhaps you’re an athlete passionate about swimming. Maybe you love cooking, prefer theater performances over movies, or love sea over the ocean. Why not write about this? It would be exciting for you, and if you feel interested in your topic, your writing is going to reflect it, so your readers will find enjoyment as well.
• Preserve your objectivity.  Some pro con paper topics are less fortunate than others. Try not to pick something that is obviously good or bad. For example, if you decided on exploring the benefits and cons unemployment has, the latter will clearly prevail, so you won’t be able to write a balanced essay. If you have passion for some topic, it might be great, but it could also hinder you from being objective. Assess your reactions and attitudes, and choose a theme you could build a fantastic essay on.
• Check if your ideas are supported.  Pro con topics could be controversial, which is something professors usually like, but you’re going to have to use sources for supporting your points. Don’t make statements that reality refutes. Even if you feel strongly about a topic, you should rely on facts, not emotions. So watch out for it and check whether there are enough articles or books that could be incorporated as you need it.
• Discuss.  Talk about your ideas with others. This could be a teacher — in most cases, they appreciate being consulted. Classmates are also a great bet: discuss your ideas together and brainstorm. Maybe you’ll find common inspiration. Talk with your friends or family members — they could offer you ideas you haven’t considered. Write about things you like, and you’ll learn to feel enjoyment during this process.

50 Useful Pro and Cons Topics

The list below has various suggestions you could use for your essay. We devised it so that you could find inspiration whenever you need it: just look through these 50 options and settle on the ones you like. Take them and write an essay on them or shift some ideas in the way you like before doing this. The choice is yours: we are here only for boosting your productivity.

Education Pros and Cons Essay Topics

In many ways, success depends on the education you receive. These pros and cons topics could let you argue against this point or in favor of it.

• Should Students Be Motivated to Receive Education in the US?
• Doing Homework: Is This a Good Idea?
• Prolonging Education by Getting a Master’s Degree: Waste of Time or Step Toward a Better Future?
• Moving into Campus: Good or Bad Decision?
• Sending Children to Preschool: Do They Really Need to Go There?
• Tuition Costing Money: What Are Advantages and Disadvantages of This Issue?
• Academic Grades As a Method for Evaluating Performance: Motivating or Discouraging?
• What Are the Perks and Drawbacks of Online Education?
• Taking Gap Year Before Entering College: Yes or No?
• Purpose of Application Essays and Degrees of Effectiveness

Health Pros and Cons Essay Ideas

Billions of people all over the world are terrified for their health right now. Choose a pro con topic that speaks to you most.

• Wearing Masks Outside: Pros & Cons
• Hospice: Place of Hope or Despair for Those Who Are Already Dying?
• Should Students Choose Nursing as Their Career?
• Pros & Cons of Studying at Medical University
• Is Personal Hygiene Really That Important?
• The Benefits & Dangers of Alternative Medicine
• Should People Who Want to Lose Weight Rely on Diets?
• Reasons for Getting or Not Getting Health Insurance in the US
• Going Vegan: Should Most People Do It?
• Safety & Dangers Presented By Modern Vaccines

Social Media and Technology Topics

Almost all of us have an account on one of social media platforms. These pro and con topics reflect this trend.

• What Are the Benefits and Dangers Posed By Online Dating?
• Discuss What Makes iPhones a Great & Terrible Choice
• Gaining Popularity on Social Platforms: A Curse or a Blessing?
• Using Facebook For Most Communication Needs
• Reading E-Books Instead of Physical Books: Did This Change Make People’s Lives Easier?
• Relying on Your Cell Phone: Why Is This Useful & What Dangers It Could Lead To
• Evolution of Technology: Did It Improve Our Lives or Made Them Unhealthier?
• Becoming a Technician: Is There a Point?
• Skype as a Way to Stay in Touch Visually No Matter the Distance: Pluses and Minuses
• Twitter as a Platform for Exchanging Crucial Info.

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History and Politics

Here’s an example of advantage and disadvantage topics related to historical & political aspects of our life.

• Was Trump a Good President for Americans?
• Was Obama’s Presidency a Good or Bad Thing for Other Countries?
• Different Wars from the perspective of the US: Who Got Rich & Poor?
• Monarchy as System of Government: Should It Be Applied More Often?
• Age Limit for Participating for President Position: Is It Necessary?
• Being a Queen That Rules an Entire Country: Too Much Trouble or Endless Pleasure?
• Civil Right Movements: Victories and Losses That Resulted From It
• Should Students Be Encouraged to Study Political Science In Colleges?
• Is There a Sense in Political Theories Or Are They All Meaningless?
• Communism as Structure Based on Equality: In What Way Does It Work in Reality?

Morality and Social Issues Pro and Cons Essays Topics

Morality could be seen as a simple area of discussions, but at the same time, it’s incredibly complex. These topics with pros and cons could push you in the right direction.

• Provision of Free Apartments for Homeless People: Is This a Viable Solution?
• Discuss if Death Penalty Should Be Applied in Violent Cases Where Guilt Is Proven Beyond Reasonable Doubt
• Living in a Third World Country: Positive & Negative Aspects
• Adopting Pets From Shelter: Is It Always a Better Choice?
• Having Children Despite Being Poor: Should It Be Done?
• Living with a Person You No Longer Love for the Sake of Children
• Giving Gifts to People You Do Not Care About: Is There a Point?
• Helping People Despite Not Being Well Off Yourself
• Being Brave Regardless of the Circumstances: Is It Noble or Stupid?
• Should Children Be Punished by Their Parents If They Misbehave?

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Debate Topics

Need to write an argumentative essay? Preparing for an upcoming debate? ProCon.org has over 100 topics complete with pro and con arguments, quotes and statistics from experts, historical information, and other pertinent research.

Abortion – Should abortion be legal?

Alternative Energy – Can alternative energy effectively replace fossil fuels?

American Socialism – Should the U.S. become socialist?

Animal Dissection – Should K-12 students dissect animals in science classrooms?

Animal Testing – Should animals be used for scientific or commercial testing?

Artificial Intelligence – Is artificial intelligence good for society?

Banned Books – Should parents or other adults be able to ban books from schools and libraries?

Binge-Watching – Is binge-watching good for you?

Bottled Water Ban – Should bottled water be banned?

Cancel Culture – Is cancel culture (or callout culture) good for society?

CBD for Pets – Is CBD good for pets?

Cell Phone Radiation – Is cell phone radiation safe?

Cheerleading – Is cheerleading a sport?

Churches & Taxes – Should churches (including mosques, synagogues, etc.) remain tax-exempt?

College Education – Is a college education worth it?

Congressional Term Limits  – Should term limits be imposed on U.S. Senators and Representatives?

Constitutional Carry of Handguns – Should permitless, “constitutional carry” of guns be legal?

Corporal Punishment – Should corporal punishment be used in K-12 schools?

Corporate Tax Rate – Should the federal corporate income tax rate be raised?

Cuba Embargo – Should the United States maintain its embargo against Cuba?

DACA & Dreamers – Are DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals) and the DREAM Act good for America?

Daylight Saving Time – Should the United States keep daylight saving time?

DC AND Puerto Rico Statehood – Should Washington, DC, and Puerto Rico be granted U.S. statehood?

Death Penalty – Should the death penalty be legal?

Defund the Police – Should police departments be defunded, if not abolished?

Dress Codes – Should dress codes be implemented and enforced?

Drinking Age – Should the drinking age be lowered from 21 to a younger age?

Drone Strikes – Should the United States continue its use of drone strikes abroad?

Drug Use in Sports – Should performance-enhancing drugs be accepted in sports?

Election Day National Holiday – Should the election day be made a national holiday?

Electoral College – Should the United States use the electoral college in presidential elections?

Employer Vaccine Mandates – Should employers be able to mandate vaccinations?

Felon Voting – Should people who have completed felony sentences be allowed to vote?

Fighting in Hockey – Should fighting be allowed in hockey?

Filibuster – Should the U.S. Senate keep the filibuster?

Fracking – Should the United States continue fracking

Free College – Should public college be tuition-free?

Fur Clothing Bans – Should fur clothing be banned?

GMOS – Should genetically modified organisms (GMOs) be grown?

Gold Standard – Should the United States return to a gold standard?

Golf – Is golf a sport and are golfers athletes?

Gun Control – Should more gun control laws be enacted?

Historic Statue Removal – Should historic statues be taken down?

Homework – Is homework beneficial?

Illegal Immigration – Should the U.S. government provide a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants?

Internet – Is the internet “making us stupid?”

Kneeling during the National Anthem – Is kneeling during the national anthem an appropriate form of protest?

Mandatory National Service – Should the United States have mandatory national service?

Medical Aid in Dying (MAID) – Should medical aid in dying be legal?

Medical Marijuana – Should medical marijuana be legal?

Milk – Should humans consume dairy milk?

Minimum Wage – Should the federal minimum wage be increased?

Net Neutrality – Should the U.S. have net neutrality laws?

Obesity – Is obesity a disease?

Olympics – Are the Olympic games an overall benefit for their host countries and cities?

OTC Birth Control Pills – Should birth control pills be available over-the-counter (OTC)?

Penny – Should the penny stay in circulation?

Pit Bull Bans – Should breed-specific legislation (“pit bull bans”) be enacted?

Pokémon – Is Pokémon Go good for our society?

Police Body Cameras – Should police officers wear body cameras?

Prescription Drug Costs – Should the U.S. federal government regulate prescription drug prices?

Presidential Election, 2024 – 2024 Presidential Election Site

Private Prisons – Should prisons be privatized?

Recreational Marijuana – Should recreational marijuana be legal?

Reparations for Slavery – Should the federal government pay reparations to the descendants of slaves?

Right to Healthcare – Should all Americans have the right (be entitled) to health care?

Sanctuary Cities – Should sanctuary cities receive federal funding?

Santa Claus – Is there really a Santa Claus?

Saturday Halloween – Should Halloween be moved permanently to Saturday?

School Uniforms – Should students have to wear school uniforms?

Social Media & Digital Addiction – Does social media spur digital addiction and other social ills?

Social Security Privatization – Should social security be privatized?

Space Colonization – Should humans colonize space?

Standardized Tests – Do standardized tests improve education in America?

Student Loan Debt – Should student loan debt be eliminated via forgiveness or bankruptcy?

TikTok Bans – Should TikTok be banned?

Uber & Lyft – Are ride-sharing companies a benefit to society?

Universal Basic Income (UBI) – Should the United States implement a universal basic income?

U.S. Supreme Court Packing – Should packing the U.S. Supreme Court ever be considered?

Vaccines for Kids – Should states be allowed to mandate vaccines for school attendance??

Vaping E-Cigarettes – Is vaping e-cigarettes safe?

Vegetarianism – Should people become vegetarian?

Video Games & Violence – Do violent video games contribute to youth violence?

Voting Age – Should the voting age be lowered to 16?

Voting Machines – Are electronic voting machines the best method for voting?

Zoos – Should zoos exist?

Archived Topics

Please note that ProCon no longer updates these debates.

ACLU – Is the ACLU good for America?

Big Three Bailout – Should the big three car manufacturers be bailed out by the U.S. government?

Born Gay – Is sexual orientation determined at birth?

Climate Change – Is human activity primarily responsible for global climate change?

College Football Playoffs – Should college football replace the Bowl Championship Series (BCS) with a playoff system?

Dakota Access Pipeline – Should the Dakota Access Pipeline be completed?

D.A.R.E. – Is the D.A.R.E. program good for America’s kids (K-12)?

Gay Marriage – Should gay marriage be legal?

Congressional Insider Trading – Should insider trading by Congress be allowed?

Israeli-Palestinian Conflict – What are the solutions to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict?

Obamacare – Is the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) good for America?

Paying College Athletes – Should colleges and universities pay college athletes?

President Bill Clinton – Was Bill Clinton a good president?

President Ronald Reagan – Was Ronald Reagan a good president?

Presidential Election, 2008 – Which candidate would make the best U.S. president?

Presidential Election, 2012 – Which candidate should be U.S. president in 2012?

Presidential Election, 2016 – The candidates and where they stand on the issues

Presidential Election, 2020 – 2020 Presidential Election Site

Prostitution – Should prostitution be legal?

School Vouchers – Should states have school voucher programs?

Tablets v. Textbooks -Should tablets replace textbooks in K-12 schools?

Teacher Tenure – Should teachers get tenure?

Under God in the Pledge – Should the words “under god” be in the U.S. Pledge of Allegiance?

U.S. Drone Shot down by Iran – Was the U.S. drone shot down by Iran over international waters?

U.S.-Iraq War – Should the U.S. have attacked Iraq?

WTC Muslim Center – Is it appropriate to build a muslim community center (aka the ”ground zero mosque”) near the World Trade Center site?

ProCon/Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. 325 N. LaSalle Street, Suite 200 Chicago, Illinois 60654 USA

Natalie Leppard Managing Editor [email protected]

© 2023 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved

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Pros And Cons - Free Essay Examples And Topic Ideas

Pros and cons are a simple and effective method of evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of a particular idea, decision, or situation. Using this method allows for a comprehensive analysis of the situation, including both the benefits and drawbacks, which can ultimately lead to a more informed and balanced decision-making process. However, the potential downside of using pros and cons is that it can oversimplify complex issues, leading to a lack of nuance and potentially overlooking important considerations. Additionally, it is important to weigh the pros and cons against each other, as some pros may be much more significant or impactful than certain cons, and vice versa.

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• Pros and cons
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• Pros and Cons of Death Penalty
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• Discuss the Pros and Cons of Festivals and Fairs
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• Pros & Cons of Maternity Leave
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256 Advantages and Disadvantages Essay Topics [2024 Update]

Is globalization a beneficial process? What are the pros and cons of a religious upbringing? Do the drawbacks of immigration outweigh the benefits? These questions can become a foundation for your advantages and disadvantages essay. And we have even more ideas to offer!

There is nothing complicated about writing this kind of essay. Arguably the hardest part is choosing a topic. This article by our custom-writing team will help you with that. Here, you will find:

• great pros and cons essay topics for high school, middle school, and college;
• essay prompts and writing tips.
• 🔝 Top 10 Advantages & Disadvantages Topics
• 👍 Other Advantages & Disadvantages Topics
• ⭐ Top 10 Pros & Cons Topics
• 🆚 Other Pros & Cons Topics
• 💡 Essay Prompts
• ✍️ Writing Tips & Outline

🔍 References

🔝 top 10 advantages and disadvantages topics.

• Benefits of vaccination. 
• Is living abroad worth it? 
• Plastic surgery: for and against. 
• Vegetarianism: benefits and pitfalls. 
• Pros and cons of extreme sports. 
• Disadvantages of having tattoos. 
• Is a Master’s degree a good investment? 
• Negative and positive aspects of animal testing. 
• Are motorcycles convenient or dangerous? 
• Learning a foreign language: pros and cons. 

👍 List of Advantages and Disadvantages Essay Topics

Here’s a list of topics that touch on subjects such as education, work, traveling, living conditions, family, politics, technology, and more.

• Advantages and disadvantages of computers . You can probably think of many positive aspects of using computers. They make communication easier, they can be helpful for your studies, and you get access to a wealth of information. Yet, if you think about it, you will find plenty of disadvantages. For example, computers can break down, or they may be hacked or infected.
• Write about the advantages and disadvantages of the New Year’s Day celebration. New Year’s Day is primarily associated with family gatherings and new beginnings. However, preparation for the party often requires too much effort. Moreover, celebrating all night can have problematic consequences for one’s health.
• Write all arguments for and against Christmas celebrations. During the Christmas holidays, we celebrate family traditions and hold fun meetings. All this is accompanied by delicious food and gift sharing. But sometimes, these events bring no joy. The expenses are too high, and dinner preparation is energy-consuming. 
• Advantages and disadvantages of couch surfing. Staying for free at places registered online is becoming increasingly popular among travelers. New friends and authentic communication are additional benefits of couch surfing. However, they don’t guarantee safety and comfort.
• What are the pleasant and unpleasant aspects of gift exchange? Gifts are a crucial part of celebrations such as birthdays or wedding anniversaries. Most people enjoy receiving presents, but not everyone enjoys looking for them. The difficulties of choosing a gift can spoil the holiday mood.
• Pros and cons of buying an artificial Christmas tree. A beautiful Christmas tree decorated with lights instantly creates the holiday atmosphere. If you have an artificial tree, you don’t need to get a new one each year. However, a real Christmas tree is unique and has a pleasant odor.
• What are the pros and cons of school uniforms ? Standard uniforms can save students time while dressing up in the morning. Moreover, it prevents clothes-related bullying and contributes to the discipline necessary for studying. However, such standards impose certain restrictions on children’s individuality.
• Is an official dress code at work a benefit or an obstacle? Almost every company and organization has its requirements for the employees’ appearance. On the one hand, a dress code disciplines workers and demonstrates the company’s seriousness. On the other hand, employees can resist suppressing their self-expression.
• Keeping an online blog : for and against. The Internet provides people with colossal opportunities for finding new hobbies and occupations. For example, everyone can become a blogger: all you need to do is choose a topic and a platform. However, unflattering comments, lack of interest, or extreme popularity can become a serious problem for a blogger.
• A hitchhiking journey: an enjoyable adventure or a dangerous undertaking? Hitchhiking can be a budget option for travelers. This way, people can learn more about the place they’re traveling to and make friends. However, some drivers can turn out to be dangerous.
• What are the strengths and shortcomings of intellectual property rights? Valuable and original ideas are essential to the success of a person or a company. Intellectual property rights protect data from being stolen by competitors. Opponents of such measures believe that nobody should own ideas and that the information sphere is too vulnerable to manipulations. 
• Describe the pros and cons of learning a language with a native speaker. Modern technologies make it possible to communicate with people from all around the world. This ability provides additional opportunities to learn a foreign language with native speakers. A potential downside is the difficulty of finding good teachers or understanding their accents.
• Talk about the benefits and disadvantages of alternative voting methods. Voting by mail or online is convenient for those who find it challenging to come to polling stations. Moreover, this way, people can save time. Nevertheless, the reliability of such methods is still in question.
• Being successful: what are the benefits and pitfalls? Achieving success is the goal of millions of people. It is usually associated with wealth and happiness, but there is also the other side. Successful people often feel more pressure and responsibility and make sacrifices.
• For and against family businesses. Perfect mutual understanding is what people typically expect from a family business. However, this description is more of an idea rather than a reality. 
• Being creative: a gift or a curse? Society admires inspiring and mysterious artists. The creative process seems to be an easy activity, but some artists may disagree with this statement. Creativity crisis, procrastination, and lack of understanding from the public are only a few of the shortcomings they have to face.
• Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of managing your own business. In search of professional freedom, some people start a business. This way, they can have complete control and be their own boss. At the same time, entrepreneurship requires talent and significant effort. Moreover, some businesses may turn out to be unprofitable.
• What are the possible advantages and drawbacks of being a professional athlete? Sport allows people to discover the hidden capabilities of their bodies. Such activities make them stronger and more disciplined, but doing sports full-time requires many sacrifices. Professional athletes endure significant stress and injuries, so this lifestyle is not for everyone.
• Is having young parents a benefit or an obstacle?
• Advantages and disadvantages of being married
• For and against working part-time after school
• What are the pros and cons of writing essays?
• Positive and negative aspects of returning to school as an adult
• Is it better to be living in a small town or a big city ?
• The benefits and shortcomings of living in a large country
• Do the positive aspects of living in the countryside outweigh the negative ones? 
• Is working on a rotational basis beneficial or harmful?
• Is it better to be working remotely or in an office?
• Is working with the help of technology beneficial or risky?
• Advantages and drawbacks of physical labor
• Working with customers: perks and shortcomings
• What are the beneficial aspects of working with animals?
• Pros and cons of working with children
• Is making your hobby into a job profitable or disadvantageous? 
• What are the pros and cons of changing jobs?
• Quitting a job or being fired: which option is better?
• Working in a multilingual setting: benefits and drawbacks
• Is having a job that requires a lot of traveling exciting or challenging?
• Choosing to pursue a creative profession: pros and cons
• Is hiring older or younger employees more beneficial?
• Privately-owned companies : benefits and pitfalls
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of working for the government?
• Business competition vs. monopoly
• What is better: owning a business with other people or partnership business models?
• Owning a car vs. other modes of transportation
• What are the benefits and shortcomings of using public transportation ?
• Is being self-employed better than working for somebody else?
• Describe the pros and cons of knowing or learning multiple languages
• Choosing to pursue a technical profession: for and against 
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of pursuing a humanitarian career?
• Is receiving an education online a waste of time or a good investment? 
• Perks and disadvantages of studying on Saturdays
• What are the pros and cons of reducing the length of the summer vacation?
• Completing online courses, classes, or training: arguments for and against
• Learning foreign languages online vs. in class
• What is more effective: private tutoring or group learning?
• Open group discussions during class: for and against
• Is it more beneficial to work in groups or alone?
• Describe the strengths and weaknesses of studying with textbooks
• What are the pros and cons of learning with interactive media?
• Using traditional vs. new methods of teaching
• Is taking tests better than answering questions in a free form?
• Advantages and disadvantages of using exams as a primary source of knowledge assessment
• Giving students different tasks according to their grades: pros and cons
• Is separating students according to their behavior and performance efficient or harmful? 
• Strengths and weaknesses of using  multilingual online dictionaries
• Extracurricular activities: pros and cons
• Studying and having a part-time job: benefits and obstacles 
• Going to a university in your town vs. moving to another town
• Is living in a dormitory preferable to living at home while studying in college?
• Entering a fraternity or a sorority during college years: arguments for and against
• Living with parents vs. living separately from them
• Is living alone burdensome or delightful?
• What are the obstacles and benefits of having a long-distance relationship?
• Having friends that live abroad or in other cities: advantages and disadvantages
• Being in a relationship vs. being single
• Pros and cons of early marriages
• Visiting the most popular places for tourists: for and against
• What hardships and benefits come with living in the most visited places in the world?
• What positive and negative outcomes do countries and cities that encourage tourism face? 
• Pros and cons of visiting unexplored places
• Is it better to travel on your own or with friends?
• Having a tour guide vs. traveling without anyone’s help
• Traveling by car: advantages and disadvantages
• What is better: hiking alone or with other people?
• Short vs. long hiking trips
• Is it better to be tall or short?
• Being a foreigner in a country where you live: benefits and pitfalls
• Listening to music at home vs. live
• Watching movies at home vs. seeing them in theaters 
• Is it better to have children early or later in life?
• Being the only child: advantages and disadvantages
• Perks and drawbacks of having siblings
• Being the oldest vs. the youngest sibling
• Describe the pros and cons of sharing items with other people
• Is it better to be living together or apart while being in a relationship? 
• Living in a small apartment: pros and cons
• What are the arguments for and against living in a big house?
• Renting or purchasing a house vs. an apartment
• What are the pros and cons of having a small pet?
• Living in the city center vs. the suburbs
• What benefits and pitfalls come with having a diverse cultural background ?
• Is being a famous actor or musician a positive or negative experience?
• Being a leader or taking up a position of leadership: positive and negative sides
• Going to a private school vs. a public school
• Is it better to have a big or small family?
• Having many friends vs. having few friends
• What is more efficient: being a night owl or an early riser?
• Is waking up early more burdensome than waking up late?
• What are the dangers and benefits of dieting? 
• Does fast food have any advantages? 
• Arguments for and against cooking at home
• Bringing food to work or school vs. eating at a cafeteria 
• Positive and negative outcomes of regular physical activity
• Rapid technological progress: arguments for and against
• Is it preferable to live in a cold or hot climate?
• Living close to the water (river, lake, sea, or ocean): pros and cons
• What are the positive and negative aspects of countries that have rainy or windy weather?
• Is direct democracy more efficient than representative democracy?
• Pros and cons of various types of government (democracy, autocracy, monarchy)

⭐ Top 10 Pros and Cons Essay Topics

• Advantages of ecotourism
• Pros and cons of facial fillers
• Instant foods: good or bad?
• Is international marriage worth it?
• Classroom debates: pros and cons
• Student loans: benefits and pitfalls
• Working with friends: for and against
• Drawbacks of having a double major
• Arguments for and against quitting social media
• Is working abroad a good or bad experience?

🆚 Pros and Cons Topics for Essays

• Write about the advantages and disadvantages of the United Nations . The UN is a well-known international organization. Its activities aim to support human rights, establish friendly relations between countries, and promote peace. These goals are admirable, but is the organization effective enough in achieving them?
• Is consuming sugar beneficial or harmful? Recently, the media started promoting the idea that sugar is the leading cause of many diseases. On the one hand, we are discouraged from consuming it. On the other hand, carbons are necessary for the human body to receive essential microelements, such as glucose.
• Pros and cons of using Wikipedia. Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia. It’s a popular source of information on countless subjects, from cosmology to literature. It often reveals various aspects of a topic that are interesting to the reader. However, since anyone can edit it, you can never be sure of the information’s accuracy. 
• Benefits and drawbacks of living in a multicultural society. Society is becoming more diverse, and immigration is commonplace. Moreover, freedom of choice allows people to adhere to any traditions that are attractive to them. Such conditions help us develop multifaceted humanity but can potentially lead to conflicts.
• Write about the pros and cons of urbanization . In cities, the population is continuously growing, while in rural areas, it decreases. In a metropolis, people have a greater choice for their activities, and their social circle is wider. However, urbanization leads to overpopulation and an increase in stress levels.
• What are the pros and cons of online therapy? Therapy can be a powerful source of motivation and emotional balance. Some people may find it challenging to visit mental health specialists, which makes online consultations a practical option. However, insufficient understanding of facial expressions or faulty Internet connection are some of the obstacles to using this format.
• Describe the strengths and weaknesses of business investments . Investing is a popular way to receive additional passive income. Such activities don’t require too much effort and can be very promising. However, they also have disadvantages, including high risks and the need to have significant starting capital.
• Arguments for and against watching TV shows. Watching TV shows is a trendy pastime. A good plot and interesting characters can be great entertainment. However, some TV shows take too much time to watch, and some plot twists can be disappointing.
• Discuss the pros and cons of freelancing. The advantages include an opportunity to decide where and when to work and choose the tasks. At the same time, a freelancer needs to communicate more with customers, and the income can be uneven.
• The ubiquitous use of surveillance cameras: guaranteed security or loss of privacy? We can see security cameras everywhere, including stores, banks, and houses. They are designed to contribute to our security. However, many believe that in this way, people are losing privacy. Moreover, surveillance technology is quite expensive, and its effectiveness is doubtful.
• Advantages and disadvantages of an authoritarian teaching style . Representatives of the teaching profession often choose a specific model of behavior. For example, an authoritarian teacher is good at motivating and disciplining students. At the same time, this behavioral model can discourage children and cause resistance.
• What are the pros and cons of clinical trials? Clinical trials are created to prove the effectiveness of a specific cure. Patients can get unique medical treatment, which may help other patients in the future. Trials are also associated with risks since unexpected side effects are possible.
• Kindergartens: beneficial social interaction or stress for a child? Preschool is the first step in education for children. In kindergartens, kids form social skills and acquire basic knowledge. Nevertheless, some parents doubt whether it is worth it.  
• Write about the advantages and disadvantages of referendums. Referendums can be used to solve political problems. They help governments understand the public’s attitude towards possible changes. However, the conduct of a referendum can be subject to manipulation.
• For and against women’s military service. Gender equality is becoming a part of various spheres of activity. However, in some fields, transformations are occurring slower. Women have already demonstrated their ability to be soldiers and continue to do so. Nevertheless, some army units still question their effectiveness. 
• Gun ownership: advantages and disadvantages. The issue of weapons ownership causes serious disputes between politicians. Those who advocate for this idea are sure that people need protection. The opponents of gun ownership believe that gun-related accidents need to be prevented.  
• Pros and cons of being optimistic . People who are positive worry less and achieve their goals easily. But optimism can also be an obstacle. For instance, an optimist can underestimate a threat and fail to take cautionary measures.
• What are the pros and cons of being selfish? Selfishness is often perceived negatively in society. Individuals who are showing this quality risk becoming outcasts. However, people may misunderstand selfishness because it sometimes manifests as self-care.
• Benefits of different societal classes
• Market economy vs. free market
• Outline the advantages and disadvantages of a planned economy
• Pros and cons of party systems: one, two, or multiple parties?
• Different voting systems (choice voting, Electoral College): which one is more efficient?
• Different economic systems (capitalism, socialism, and mixed economy)
• Is having a parliament a benefit or an obstacle? 
• Pros and cons of advertising and its  different mediums
• Having a laptop vs. having a desktop computer
• Is the development of artificial intelligence (AI) beneficial or harmful?
• Cloning and genetic modifications: dangers and advantages
• What are the pros and cons of using old research for new studies?
• Is scientific advancement in medicine beneficial or dangerous?
• The growing use of the Internet of Things (IoT) in people’s daily lives: pros and cons 
• Storing files in the cloud vs. on physical storage devices
• Is having one full-time job more efficient than multiple part-time jobs?
• Networking to build more connections: pros and cons
• Advantages and disadvantages of volunteering 
• Having a fixed vs. a flexible schedule
• Being a vegetarian  or vegan vs. eating everything 
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of having multiple jobs?
• Are hot or cold climates more beneficial for farmers?
• Choosing to pursue a rare profession: benefits and pitfalls
• What are the possible benefits and obstacles of pursuing a trendy job?
• Technical advancement in society: a threat or a welcome change?
• Arguments for and against pursuing extreme sports as a hobby
• Going to a music festival: an unforgettable experience or a nightmare?
• Pros and cons of having access to the Internet
• Are Internet regulations a safety measure or an infringement of rights?
• The positive and negative  effects of globalization
• What are the advantages and downsides of popular culture? 
• Are stereotypes productive in any way? 
• Positive and negative outcomes of the rising population on the planet
• The increasing lifespan of people: pros and cons
• The ability to obtain a driver’s license at sixteen vs. eighteen years old
• The right to work without parents’ permission at sixteen years old: pros and cons
• Dangers and possible advantages of global warming  
• Space travel and exploration: a good idea or waste of money?
• Arguments for and against television
• Is open access to books and movies beneficial or damaging?
• Is oral communication better than written communication?
• Nonverbal communication: positive and negative sides 
• What are the positive and negative aspects of Facebook (and other social platforms)? 
• Is online dating dangerous or advantageous? 
• Having a pen pal: advantages and disadvantages
• What is more efficient: using digital or film cameras?
• Arguments for and against using email as the primary source of conversation 
• Is calling better than  texting ?
• Describe the pros and cons of online communication
• Is being open and active on social media dangerous or profitable?
• Pros and cons of different sources of power (gas, oil, wind, solar, nuclear, and others)
• Describe the advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy 
• Recycling  and upcycling: benefits and pitfalls
• Pros and cons of organic materials and products
• Plastic and other synthetic materials: life saver or toxic waste? 
• Possible benefits and obstacles of using credit cards 
• Arguments for and against different types of financial aid
• What are the advantages and downsides of having health insurance?
• Life insurance : advantages and disadvantages
• Free health care: a longer life expectancy or more logistical challenges?
• Would a free introductory course in higher education improve academic performance or worsen it?
• Describe the pros and cons of taxes
• Is demonetization a success or failure?
• Arguments for and against vaccines
• Are plastic surgeries ethical or not?
• Shopping online vs. in brick-and-mortar stores
• What is more convenient: reading paper books or electronic books?
• Using DVDs vs. streaming platforms for watching movies
• What are the benefits and obstacles of buying music online?
• Storing medical records and other important information online: pros and cons
• Is online banking safe or not?
• Possible risks and benefits of making investments 
• Video games and online games: good pastime or waste of time?
• Making movies based on source materials in other media: pros and cons
• Getting news from online sources vs. reading  print media
• Hourly wages and salaries: what is more beneficial?
• Can having a competitive working environment improve or decrease productivity?
• Arguments for and against irregular working shifts : working at night, on weekends, or on holidays
• Pros and cons of services with paid memberships and subscriptions
• Sales, special offers, and coupons: a marketing tool or a real opportunity to save money?
• Positive and negative effects of businesses outsourcing to different countries
• Arguments for and against moving businesses from the city center to the outskirts
• Recruiting one’s employees for new positions vs. hiring new people
• Finding work through connections and relatives: benefits and downsides
• Pros and cons of seeking a job online 
• Care facilities and nursing homes for elderly: advantages and disadvantages 
• What are the possible beneficial and harmful effects of having a routine?
• Small business or a big organization: which one has more benefits?
• Buying locally manufactured and grown products vs. buying imported goods
• What are the possible pros and cons of spending more time with teachers than with parents?
• Arguments for and against process automation
• Are robots that replace humans at work dangerous or effective?
• Is reducing the working week beneficial or harmful?
• What are the major benefits and drawbacks of having many national holidays?
• College: to go or not to go?
• Working after high school: advantages and disadvantages
• Taking a gap year before continuing education: is it worth it?
• What benefits and obstacles come with continuing your education (master’s and Ph.D. degrees)? 

Need more essay ideas? Feel free to use our topic generator !

💡 Pros and Cons Essay Prompts

Pros and cons of living in a big city essay.

For your essay, you can consider the following benefits of living in a big city:

• There are many employment opportunities. Since big cities are places with many companies of different industries, it might be easier to find a job.
• Big cities have better infrastructure. It includes international airports, various dining options, and other opportunities.

The main downsides of living in a big city include the following:

• Higher living costs. Although you can find a job that suits you, living in a big city requires more money.
• High crime rates. The statistics say that big cities usually have higher crime rates than smaller ones.

Pros and Cons of Abortion Essay

Here are some examples of the procedure’s benefits:

• Abortions give women control over their bodies. The choice of whether or not to have children is a right of every woman.
• Every child should be a wanted child. Having children is an enormous responsibility that requires time, money, and energy. Unwanted pregnancies might result in child abuse and maternal depression and have other negative consequences.

You can also write about the following disadvantages of abortions:

• Abortion may lead to future medical problems for the mother. Negative consequences for a woman may include health complications such as infection or heavy bleeding.
• Abortion might result in psychological trauma. Women who undergo an abortion have a high chance of having depression.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Media Essay

Consider these arguments in favor of social media for your essay:

• Social media is an excellent place for online marketing. Nowadays, every big and small company promotes its services online.
• Information spreads online instantly. Thanks to social media, we can immediately receive and share all the urgent news.

And these are the cons you might want to write about:

• Lack of privacy. Location and personal information can be easily shared online and used against you.
• Lack of intimacy. Whether it is a family or friends’ reunion, everyone tends to be less engaged in conversations, instead preferring to scroll on the phone.

Federalism Advantages and Disadvantages Essay

Here are some advantages of federalism for you to write about:

• Federalism supports political participation and policy innovation. Thanks to federalism, we have benefits such as child labor laws and women’s right to vote.
• Federalism encourages groups, individuals, and social movements to help shape public policy and participate in it. It is possible because of the two levels of government that federalism creates.

Now, have a look at the cons of federalism:

• Federalism creates economic disparities across states. It leads to competition between states to attract businesses by lowering regulations and taxes.
• Federalism cuts off federal efforts to address national problems. For example, health care insurance could not be made more accessible to Americans due to legal challenges.

Pros and Cons of Immigration Essay

Immigration has benefits as well as pitfalls. Take a look at the positive aspects first:

• Immigration stimulates economic growth. Immigrants contribute to the labor force, which results in economic development.
• Immigration builds a multicultural society. Because of the immigrants, one country can be more diverse.

And here are the cons that you may consider writing about:

• Immigration might result in a higher unemployment rate. Since immigrants are often willing to work for a lower wage, native-born workers might be displaced.
• Immigration might lead to higher housing costs. Immigrants in limited housing stock areas might contribute to reducing living standards and increasing housing prices.

Pros and Cons of Working in a School Cafeteria Essay

Here are some of the arguments in favor of working in a cafeteria:

• Free lunches for workers. Working with the food, you get to have lunches at your workplace for free.
• Flexible shifts. You can work short hours to keep up with your studies.

However, there are also plenty of downsides, including the following:

• Low wages. The school cafeteria pays minimum wage, which is often not enough.
• Reduced working hours. In a cafeteria, there’s no opportunity to work and earn more.

Essay on Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet

The Internet has plenty of advantages you can cover, including the following:

• You can learn about virtually anything you want online. There are countless resources on the Internet, and it’s possible to access them from any part of the world.
• Unlimited communication. You can reach out to anyone from any part of the globe.

It also has many drawbacks, such as:

• There is a lot of spam on the Internet. We receive advertisements and other unimportant information through emails. Besides, there are many unconfirmed facts online.
• Leaking of personal information. We regularly upload a lot of personal information online. Unfortunately, it might be easily leaked or stolen.

✍️ How to Write a Pros and Cons Essay

Even if you do not have the necessary writing experience, your chances of getting an A+ for this task are relatively high. All you need to do is:

• Think of a good pros and cons topic. Keep reading to find the best topic for your paper.
• Make a list of all advantages and disadvantages and give details about each item. It can help you make a template for your future essay. Make sure to have enough points to cover.
• Draw conclusions on whether something is overall good or bad. Show the results of your research and answer the question your essay asks.
• Check out our article on essay writing to learn how to complete your assignment successfully.

Pros and Cons Essay Outline

The advantages and disadvantages essay should have the following structure:

• Introduction. Briefly introduce your topic, give some background information, and write your thesis statement that covers both sides of the issue.

Studying abroad might be a great experience filled with unforgettable memories, but it also has some financial and psychological pitfalls.

• Main Body. This part introduces both sides of the argument, starting with the positive aspects.
• Pros: introduce the advantages.

Being an international student, you get to meet people from all over the world and experience a new culture first-hand.

• Cons: introduce the disadvantages.

However, you might feel homesick and experience culture shock while studying in another country.

• Conclusion. Summarize your essay by restating your thesis and illustrating your most important arguments for and against the thing in question. If necessary, state whether the pros outweigh the cons. Finish your paper with a strong statement connecting all of your ideas.

Although being an international student has both positive and negative sides, it can bring you many unforgettable memories.

We hope you found the best topic for your pros and cons essay. Let us know what topic you’ve chosen, and don’t forget to share this article with your friends!

Further reading:

• 255 Unique Essay Topics for College Students [2024 Update]
• 267 Music Essay Topics + Writing Guide [2024 Update]
• 256 Satirical Essay Topics & Satire Essay Examples [2024]
• 205 Essay Topics for Grade 8, 9, 10, 12 + Writing Tips [2024]
• 220 Best Science and Technology Essay Topics to Write About
• Pro/Con Essay: Brigham Young University
• Abortion: World Health Organization
• Key Facts on Abortion: Amnesty International
• 7 Financial Pros and Cons of Living in a Big City: Debt.com
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Urban Living: haart
• Should Abortion Be Legal?: ProCon.org
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Media: Medium
• The Pros and Cons of Social Networking: Lifewire
• Pro and Con: Social Media: Encyclopedia Britannica
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism: Lumen Learning
• Federalism: Cornell University
• Federalism: Stanford University
• Pros and Cons of Immigration: Economics Help
• The Pros & Cons of Immigration Reform: Investopedia
• School Cafeteria Pay & Benefits Reviews: Indeed
• Being a School Cafeteria Worker: The Balance Careers
• Advantages and Disadvantages of the Internet: Edraw Software
• Outlining: Harvard University
• Outlining Strategies: Walden University
• Essay Planning: Outlining with a Purpose: San José State University
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237 Original Pros And Cons Topics To Write A Great Thesis

Pros and cons writing assignments are sometimes referred to as advantages and disadvantages papers. Even though these papers are not generally difficult to write, you still need to come up with some great pros and cons. After all, these are the most important parts of your essay and your professor will grade you according to their quality. Of course, to come up with great arguments, you need to find some great pros and cons topics to write about.

Writing your paper on a topic like “the pros and cons of getting a pet cat” will most likely not get you an A+. This is why you should definitely take a look at our list of 237 100% original topic ideas. We have topics about everything you can write about. And yes, our list also includes some very thought-provoking pro con controversial topics. You can use any of these ideas free of charge and you don’t even have to give us credit. Just choose one and start writing!

What Are Pros And Cons Papers?

Did you just receive a writing assignment related to writing a pros and cons essay? Most students don’t really know what this is, so it’s time to shed some light on the matter. Pros and cons is just another name for the argumentative essay. You’ve probably heard of the argumentative essay, but do you really know what they are and why they are important?

Pros and cons essays are a type of academic writing that present the arguments for and against a particular topic. The purpose of this type of essay is to weigh the potential benefits and drawbacks of a particular issue, decision, or situation and provide an informed opinion. Argumentative papers are important because they:

Encourage critical thinking and evaluation of both sides of an issue Help the writer develop a well-rounded understanding of the topic Provide the opportunity to present both sides of an argument Can be used to present both personal and research-based opinions

Writing such a paper is not difficult, but the quality of your pro con arguments depends on the topic you choose. Fortunately, we have 237 unique topics for you right here on this page, so all you have to do is take your pick:

Best Pros And Cons Topics For Students

As you probably know already, we have some of the best pros and cons topics for students. Take a look at these ideas and choose the one you like the most:

• The impact of social media on human relationships
• The pros and cons of remote work arrangements
• Using social media in United States schools: pros and cons
• The ethical considerations of artificial intelligence and automation
• The effect of the gig economy on employee benefits
• The role of standardized testing in education in South Korea
• The impact of climate change on global food security
• Standardized testing in education: pros and cons
• The future of transportation: electric cars vs. self-driving cars
• Pros and cons of advancements in mobile technology
• The use of drones in military and civilian contexts
• Online learning vs. traditional classroom education: pros and cons
• The effects of online privacy on corporate responsibility
• The impact of automation on job displacement and the economy
• The value of a college education in today’s job market

Pro And Con Debate Topics

Do you need to prepare for a debate? Then you should make sure that you come up with the best topic possible. Here are some excellent pro and con debate topics for you:

• The use of GMOs in the production of agricultural products
• The use of facial recognition technology by police
• The effects of social media on our mental health
• The use of single-use plastics in everyday life
• The impact of remote work on work-life balance
• Pros and cons of using drones in military and civilian contexts
• The effect of the rise of automation on job displacement
• The impact of mobile technology on social interactions
• The role of government in regulating the tech industry
• The impact of internet censorship on free speech
• The use of animal testing in scientific research
• The impact of renewable energy sources on the environment
• Pros and cons of the legalization of marijuana for recreational use
• The role of vaccination in public health in China
• The effect of immigration policies on the economy

Pro Vs Con Topics Related To Animals

Who doesn’t love animals? So, why not write your paper on an interesting topic? Check out these original pro vs con topics related to animals:

• The impact of deforestation on wildlife habitats
• The ethics of zoos and captive animal displays
• The role of hunting in wildlife conservation
• The impact of climate change on migration patterns
• The use of animal testing in cosmetics: pros and cons
• The impact of overfishing on marine ecosystems
• The effects of plastic pollution on marine life
• The impact of urbanization on wildlife populations
• The benefits and drawbacks of domesticated animals as pets
• The role of animal agriculture in global food security
• The impact of pollution on wildlife health and populations
• The ethics of wildlife trade and trafficking: pros and cons
• The role of wildlife conservation in protecting biodiversity
• The impact of invasive species on native wildlife
• The effects of human-wildlife conflict on animal populations
• The impact of oil and gas drilling on wildlife habitats
• The benefits and drawbacks of wildlife tourism: pros and cons

Pro And Cons Topics For High School

Are you a high school student? Do you need a topic idea that will get you a top grade? Pick one of our pro and cons topics for high school and start writing in minutes:

• Summer break: pros and cons for student learning
• The impact of technology on relationships
• The effects of social media on self-esteem
• The role of education in preparing students for the future workforce
• The effects of poverty on health in the UK
• The impact of advertising on body image
• The effects of standardized testing on student motivation
• The impact of cell phone use on student learning: pros and cons
• The impact of parental involvement on student success
• The role of peer pressure on adolescent decision-making
• The effects of sleep deprivation on academic performance
• Bullying in US High schools: pros and cons
• The effects of social media on political engagement and activism
• The role of community service in developing leadership skills
• The impact of technology on mental health in the US
• The effects of stress on student health: pros and cons
• The impact of parental involvement on adolescent substance abuse

Advantages And Disadvantages Topics For 2023

Interested in some topics that are of interest right now? We have selected the absolute best advantages and disadvantages topics for 2023 for you:

• The impact of genetically modified crops on the environment
• The impact of internet censorship on democracy in 2023
• The benefits and drawbacks of remote work employers
• The advantages and disadvantages of using AI in healthcare
• Should schools continue with online learning?
• The pros and cons of genetically modifying crops
• The benefits and drawbacks of smart cities in Europe
• Should individuals be required to get vaccinated against COVID-19?
• The advantages and disadvantages of space exploration
• The benefits and drawbacks of renewable energy sources
• The advantages and disadvantages of self-driving cars
• The impact of AI on privacy in 2023
• Should countries adopt a Universal Basic Income?

Pro Con Paper Topics For College Students

The following topics are a bit more difficult than the ones we’ve listed so far. These are unique pro oncon paper topics for college students:

• The impact of e-commerce on brick-and-mortar businesses
• The pros and drawbacks of using drones for delivery
• The impact of technology on interpersonal relationships
• Advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy sources
• Advantages and disadvantages of animal testing
• The effects of personalized marketing on consumer privacy
• Pros and cons of using autonomous drones for delivery
• The impact of wearable technology on personal privacy
• Pros and cons of using crowdfunding for small business funding
• The effect of autonomous vehicles on the insurance industry
• Benefits and disadvantages of using blockchain technology for voting
• The impact of wearable fitness trackers on healthy behaviors
• The benefits and drawbacks of using smart homes technology
• The impact of 5G technology on the telecommunications industry
• Pros and cons of using AI in financial services in the US
• The effect of the sharing economy on the hospitality industry

Good Pros And Cons Topics For 2023

Looking for some topics that should work great in 2023? You’ll be thrilled to hear that we have some exceptional good pros and cons topics for 2023 right here:

• The impact of telemedicine on healthcare accessibility
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• Augmented reality in education and learning
• Renewable energy sources or traditional fossil fuels?
• The impact of virtual reality on entertainment in Europe
• The advantages and disadvantages of biodegradable packaging
• The impact of robotics on manual labor jobs in the UK
• The effect of AI on decision-making
• Telepresence technology for remote work and meetings
• The impact of renewable energy sources on the economy
• Biometric technology for personal identification and security
• Pros and cons of using autonomous vehicles for logistics
• Effects of renewable energy sources on energy independence
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Pro Versus Con Ideas Related To Science And Tech

If you want to write about science and tech, our seasoned writers and editors have created a list of interesting pro versus con ideas related to science and tech just for you:

• Is the use of AI in the workplace increasing productivity or taking away jobs?
• The benefits and drawbacks of using robots in manufacturing
• Is the use of biotechnology in agriculture posing a threat to the environment?
• The impact of augmented reality on human behavior
• Should governments invest in commercial space travel?
• Is the use of smart home technology invading privacy?
• The pros and cons of using nanotechnology healthcare
• The impact of 3D printing on manufacturing
• The advantages and disadvantages of using drones for surveillance
• Is the increasing use of AI in the criminal justice system fair?
• The pros and cons of using telemedicine for healthcare delivery
• The impact of autonomous vehicles on transportation
• Is the widespread use of social media damaging interpersonal relationships?

Easy Topics With Pros And Cons

Choose one of these easy topics with pros and cons if you don’t want to spend too much time writing your paper:

• The impact of exercise on physical health
• Pros and cons of spending time in nature
• The benefits and drawbacks of living in a big city in the United States
• The impact of a diet on mental health
• The benefits and drawbacks of online education
• The impact of social media on body image
• The pros and cons of volunteering in the United Kingdom
• The effects of stress on mental health
• The benefits and drawbacks of living in a small town
• The role of advertising in influencing consumer behavior
• The pros and cons of planning for the future
• The effect of screen time on children’s development
• The pros and cons of practicing mindfulness and meditation
• The advantages and disadvantages of exploring new cultures
• The benefits of reading books and expanding your knowledge
• The pros and cons of spending time with friends and family

Real-Life Pros And Cons Issues

The following is a comprehensive list of real-life pros and cons issues, including economic, social, and political topics:

• Benefits and drawbacks of using blockchain technology
• The impact of electric vehicles on the oil industry in Europe
• The pros and cons vertical farming
• Online education effects on traditional colleges and universities
• Using nanotechnology in consumer products
• The impact of social media influencers on purchasing decisions
• Benefits and drawbacks of using AI in customer support
• The effect of telecommuting on employee productivity and job satisfaction
• Pros and cons of using virtual reality in real estate in the United States
• The effect of the gig economy on traditional employment
• The advantages and disadvantages of using biometric technology
• Pros and cons of using virtual reality for therapy
• The impact of the internet of things (IoT) on personal privacy
• The advantages and disadvantages of using drones in agriculture
• Pros and cons of using cloud computing for data management

Advantages And Disadvantages Topics About Society And Culture

The following is a list of the pros and cons of various aspects of society and culture, highlighting the positive and negative effects they may have on individuals and communities:

• The effects of multiculturalism on cultural diversity.
• The pros and cons of using social media for social change.
• Effects of the decline of organized religion on spirituality
• The advantages and disadvantages of the globalization of popular culture
• The impact of technology on dating and relationships
• Benefits and drawbacks of the rise of remote work
• The impact of legalizing gay marriages on traditional family values
• Pros and cons of the use of social media for personal expression
• The decline of traditional gender roles and its effect on family dynamics and relationships
• The pros and cons of the “body positive” movement on and self-esteem
• Effects of the gentrification of urban neighborhoods on economic diversity
• Benefits and disadvantages of the “Me Too” movement
• The effect of the rise of the “cancel culture” movement on free speech
• The impact of eco-tourism on local cultures and the environment
• Pros and cons of the use of digital currencies for financial transactions

Hot Pros And Cons Topic Ideas In 2023

Below, you can find a list of hot pros and cons topic ideas that should be highly appreciated by your professors in 2023:

• Pros and cons of virtual reality technology
• Advantages and disadvantages of a cashless society
• Pros and cons of gene editing
• The advantages and disadvantages of the use of pesticides in agriculture
• Pros and cons of the use of antibiotics in agriculture
• Talk about the pros and cons of self-driving cars
• Advantages and disadvantages of space tourism
• Pros and cons of using blockchain technology
• Benefits and drawbacks of year-round schooling
• The advantages and disadvantages of homeschooling vs. traditional schooling
• Advantages and disadvantages of using drones for deliveries
• Pros and cons of having a Universal Basic Income
• Benefits and drawbacks of plastic packaging
• Advantages and disadvantages of electric air travel

Current Pros And Cons Subjects

It’s always a good idea to write your papers on current topics. Take a look at some of the most exciting current pros and cons subjects:

• Advantages and disadvantages of homeschooling
• Pros and cons of alternative medicine
• Benefits and drawbacks of vegetarian and vegan diets
• Advantages and disadvantages of a monarchy
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• Pros and cons of geothermal energy use
• The advantages and disadvantages of genetically modified animals
• Pros and cons of space exploration and colonization
• Advantages and disadvantages of the death penalty
• Discuss gun control laws in the US

Controversial Pro Con Topics

Our experts managed to create 14 brand new controversial pro con topics that you can use for free right now. Pick one of our ideas and get an A+:

• The benefits and disadvantages of GMOs
• The impact of the death penalty on crime rates
• Pros and cons of legalizing marijuana in the UK
• The effect of immigration policies on the job market
• The advantages and disadvantages of embryonic stem cells in medical research
• The impact of affirmative action policies on equality in the workplace
• Pros and cons of using pesticides in agriculture
• The impact of gun control laws on crime
• The advantages and disadvantages of using animal testing for medical research
• The effects of using hydrofracking for natural gas extraction
• Pros and cons of using nuclear energy for power generation
• The effect of using the controversial stop-and-frisk policing strategy
• The advantages and disadvantages of the use of vaccine mandates
• The impact of net neutrality regulations on the technology industry

Interesting Pros And Cons Topics Related To Health

Discussing a topic in health or healthcare can get you some bonus points. Here are some interesting pros and cons topics related to health:

• Pros and cons of the capital punishment
• Advantages and disadvantages of the use of biometric identification
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• Pros and cons of the legalization of marijuana
• Advantages and disadvantages of the minimum wage
• Pros and cons of using of surveillance cameras
• Pros and cons of the use of the Internet of Things (IoT)
• Pros and cons of the use of smart cities
• Advantages and disadvantages of the use of stem cell research
• Pros and cons of the use of e-cigarettes
• Pros and cons of using plastic surgery
• Advantages and disadvantages using biotechnology
• Pros and cons of the use of the dark web
• Pros and cons of using telemedicine

Our Latest Pros And Cons Ideas (2023)

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• Advantages and disadvantages of globalization
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Home — Essay Samples — Life — Impact — Pros And Cons Of Technology

Pros and Cons of Technology

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Published: Mar 19, 2024

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I. introduction, narrower issues related to the pros and cons of technology, a. social media and its impact on relationships, b. automation and the future of work, c. accessibility and equity in the digital age.

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• Essay on Business

Example Of Essay On Pros And Cons

Type of paper: Essay

Topic: Business , Family Business , Politics , Marketing , Company , Competition , Customers , Family

Words: 2750

Published: 02/06/2020

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Management Issues for Global Family Business

Business definition Loupacle is a company located in Luanda in Angola and operates in several sections. The company is divided into several departments with each department making different sale such as construction materials, IT, food sector department that has several restaurants. Loupacle Company is a private company with the owners being from one family that makes it a family business. In addition to participating in the relevant industry, Loupacle Company also offers health care services and job training to its employees.

A family business is owned and in most cases managed by members of a single family. The employees of the company are recruited by one or a group of the family members and in many instances a great percentage is taken by either the family members themselves or relatives and friends. Family businesses are therefore associated with some benefits that come up with shortcomings

Family members have full support to one another that makes the business run smoothly. The goals that are generated are almost similar and thus it is very easy to term them to common goals and formulate the company’s objectives. Respect and care among the shareholders ensures solidarity and teamwork in the company as well as trust and shared values as these people willingly offer sacrifices for their business. The work schedule is less rigid and the workers make a choice of working hours and when to have leisure. This is achieved when the business is entirely managed by the family members with minimal or non-family employee. Fare judgments are made on mistakes and work related decisions are made in a tolerant manner that provides encouragement to the employees.

A major shortcoming of family business is the family conflicts that in most cases result from businesses. These conflicts might result from inheriting the property where the right share of inherence was not defined. Moreover personal development might be hindered as working on personal issues could be viewed by other family members evading family business responsibilities. Promotion might be done on the rate of relationship rather than competence in a particular field. It’s a normal activity to offer support to a weak family member and this means assigning ever idle family member a job even if he lacks the necessary skills. These results to poor performance and can lead to collapse of the business.

Family business background

Family businesses are businesses formed by the family member. Formulation of a family business occurs as a result of family members agreeing upon some interests. Studies have shown that family business depends on the life of the family, tradition and parental background. Moreover financial status of the family and business experience by one or several; members of the family are also critical factors influencing an onset of family business. Family life is a critical issue in determining the start of a business with a lot of new ventures being related to entire life experience of the family members (Steier 2007). Family members must be very supportive and this calls for a great positive relationship between the family members for the success of the business (Mathew et al. 2009). Moreover the tradition and the living habits of family members are a great consideration in starting and the succeeding in a family business. A successful business would only be achieved in a family that believes in business and have a culture that does not have a negative perspective in business. The background of a family can act as a motivator or de-motivator of family businesses creations. Studies have shown that a son of a successful businessman will definitely be interested in business and rarely becomes an employee (Hundley 2006). New venture creation is tactic that is created very young age and thus the environment in which one is raised brings about his career. In addition to morals and teachings that a childgets from the parent about business, the experience of the parent or any other family member motivates the child to start up business with them. Succession activities and work experience that is gained from working in parents enterprise can also make family members to join hands and hold shares in the company (Johannisson 2011) The start of any business requires financial capital and family business are no exemption. Availability of finances makes the family business kick off, Aldrich and Cliff (2003) argue that the richness of the family contribute a lot to the activities that a family business can perform.

Macro environment for the family business in Angola

Angola is a third world country that is in the developing stage. Therefore the economic, social, political and technological issues that affect business are still at low levels as compared to the developed countries. Despite the fact that competition is low for the Loupacle Company, the expected returns are also low with high risk involvement.

PEST analysis

Political Although Angola is a republic that after attaining independence in1975 from Portugal adopted a democratic government system,the political sector has been unstable for many years thus making the environment unfavorable for business operations. However after the 2010 election that was certified by many international agents as free and fair, the political arena stabilized and brought about peace. With this happening Loupacle Company has managed to improve it productions. The restaurants no longer face looting and the construction materials and services have gained demand as individuals have settled. The education system has been improved by the onset of the new constitution and these have created skilled labor which was a large challenge to business firms The laws of Angola are made advocate for free markets a slight modification of the Portugal law system. A company is treated as a legal entity and has to register their memorandum of account from which it becomes eligible for taxation as well as has acquiring the right to borrow and invest. To facilitate foreign investment the government has segmented their cities into three zones and made different tax systems for the three. In the first zone tax improvement is done after 15 years while in the second and third region the redemption is doe in 12 and 8 years respectively.

The economic growth in Angola has been improving and these have created challenging moment for the business as well a tough business environment. Several rules have been in the country to protect consumers from exploitation an issue that leaves the business people with minimum profits. The Loupacle Company has foreseen these and set some strategies. The expansion of the company’s business to restaurants is made to accommodate any losses that could result from the IT system. With a rapidly growing GDP the climate for any business has been favored. Most of the earnings are used by the government for growth of the nation. These efforts have been made to improve the per capita income in addition to reducing crime and insecurity through increased government spending. Moreover the kwanza has been appreciating and assuring stability against the other currencies. The Foreign Direct Investment is enabled in Angola and has played a vital role in improving its economy. Inflow of investments as a result of FDI has maintained stable currency but the inflation rates have been alarming. Natural existence of oil in Angola has made it a cheap commodity reducing operating costs for that machinery that requires oil as a fuel. Transport is cheaper as compared to other countries and its export makes the Angolan kwanza be readily convertible to other currencies. These facilitate external trade and as well as increasing profits majorly for the construction sector of the Loupacle company

Being a developing country, Angola has an optimal population with majority being of the medium age that is between fifteen and sixty four (55%). Due to poor medical and health care services the mortality rate is still high 2.4% but it is overcome by the high birthrate of 5% that yields a population growth rate of about 2.5%. This population is very productive and the dependence ratio is low thus it enables the growth of nation. Moreover the literate group is higher than a half of the population with about 80% of the educated being men which shines light to the future state of the nation. This has been attained by the high government spending on the education.

The technology of Angola has recently been growing very fast due to the presence of power and fuel. The ICT sector has shown fast growth and communication made very efficient. There are several telecom operators that create competition in the It sector and thus encouraging the Loupacle company improve its IT output. Moreover the competition in internet provision improves the quality of internet provided that enables flow of information among companies department. In addition to the state-owned telecom other mobile network and internet providers are in operation together with implementation of new technologies such as the submarine cable to boost the coastal cities. The transport system is still not to the world’s current standard and thus can be termed as low. Having 39 airports and some kilometers of railway in is not sufficient for current development. The water transport system is reliable with six merchant moraine but all of them are foreign investment. Moreover roads need to be improved and no company has stepped forward to facilitating the improvement of transport system.

Porter's 5 forces

According porter there are five forces that control the power of competition any business has and Loupacle is not an exemption. These forces include the supplier power, buyer power, and competitive rivalry, threat of substitution and threat of entry. These forces can either favor a business or affect it they are discussed in details below.

Supplier power

The Loupacle Company trades in different industries with each industry having different suppliers. Since suppliers can influence productivity by altering input prices Loupacle monitors all the risks involved. In the construction sector the supply side is powerless since most of the equipment’s are imported and there are a variety of suppliers in the global market. However the IT section faces a great challenge as the internet service providers are limited.

Buyer power

The number of customer’s increases t competitive power of the company and these is why many business entities strive to acquire a large market share. Loupacle Company has diversified its operations by operating construction services as well as IT technology and restaurants. This enables it have a wide range of customers and increasing the quality of goods and services dealt with raises the cost of switching from consuming Loupacle to those of competitors.

Competition Rivalry

Competition is stiff in the Luanda as many businesses that produce goods similar to Loupacle have been established and thus the competitive power is actually low. However the many services that is offered in the name and branding of the Loupacle Company makes it enjoy some sense of monopoly to some customers.

Threat of substitution

The goods and services that the company offers are easily substituted. For example the use of restaurants that operate manually can be improved automating the request system. With improved technology and communication new inventors can come up with online ordering and payments and thus the company is experiencing a threat.

Threat of new Entry

Entering the foodstuff industry is quite easy as opening a restaurant requires very little capital. However Loupacle Company has an advantage on the other sectors such as the construction and IT section where the initial cost outlay is very high hencescaring other potential investors.

SWOT Analysis

It’s important for any business to look at the internal and external environment to facilitate future planning. This is necessary since the success of a business comes from capitalizing strength while reducing the weaknesses in the internal environment as well as taking opportunities while overcoming threats. The SWOT analysis for Loupacle Company was done and the following obtained.

Direct customer relation since sales are made directly to the consumer Enjoys economies of scale and thus can maintain low prices. Weaknesses High cost of re investment There are no proper records for top customers Opportunities The market can be expanded to other towns to enlarge market. Having updated ICT technology the advertising costs are very low and these can be used to reduce operation costs. Threats Some companies such as Looker Mar have stronger brand names in the restaurant industry Company life cycle The life cycle of a business is the numerous stages of development that a business undergoes. Businesses starts its operations and at the incorporation stage where production and sales are low, then the initial growing stage where sales increase ant an increasing rate. Then the businesses expand its production and later at maturity sales start declining when consumers taste and preference on the products changes. The company should be aware of these stages and try to strategize on the declining session, coming up with ways in which to retain consumers.

System theory model of family business

In this theory, Bowen argues that the behavior of family members is interrelated and any changes made affect the whole family system. Different individuals have different roles to play in a family according to set rules of the community and thus in business it might also not be eligible for some individuals be at a higher rank than others regardless of the professional qualification. Moreover, in case of conflict between two members, triangulation supports that a third person would be involved and thus expanding the issue.

Stewardship theory

This theory states that mangers act on their self-interest and make policies that favor them neglecting the shareholders. Therefore for the success of a business the shareholders are supposed to be involved in decision making. Moreover if managers are different from owners then monitoring is necessary.

Methods and collection

Data for our project will be collected from secondary source in books and journals to get the demanded areas and strategies necessary to maintain the company in business. Direct interviews, questionnaires will be used to collect data about the site, type of products and the consumer taste for the already existing products.

The project was aimed at providing services to citizens in Angola as well as filling market gap. On the side of the investor, I the family expect to generate income that can be used to facilitate daily family requirements as well as saving for future generation. After the project is invented, unity among family members would be improved as the family works together to achieve set objectives. .

Donaldson, L., Davis, J. H., & Australian Graduate School of Management. (2007). CEO governance and shareholder returns: Agency theory or stewardship theory. Kensington [N.S.W.: Australian graduate School of Management, University of New South wales. Johannisson, K. (2011). Istorii︠a︡melankholii: O strakhe, skuke i chuvstvitelʹnosti v prezhnievremena i teperʹ. Moskva: Novoeliteraturnoeobozrenie Kerr, M. E., & Bowen, M. (2005). Family evaluation: An approach based on Bowen theory. New York: Norton Mathew, K. M., & Mathew, M. (2009).Manorama yearbook, 2009.Kottayam: MalayalaManorama Co Porter, M. E. (2008). On competition. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Pub. Steier, E. (2007). The living dawn of the night of the goth scouts: Cartoons. S.l: s.n. Taft, C., Hundley, E., & UCLA Hammer Museum of Art and Cultural Center.(2006). Elliott Hundley. Los Angeles: UCLA Hammer Museum.

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What Is Workplace Flexibility? Pros, Cons, and Tips for Thriving in Flexible Working

Workplace flexibility has become a critical factor for employee satisfaction and even for organizational success. But what exactly is workplace flexibility, and why is it becoming such a hot topic?

In today's fast-paced world, the traditional one-size-fits-all approach to work just doesn't cut it anymore. People crave autonomy, a healthy work-life balance , and the ability to structure their day in a way that optimizes their productivity. Workplace flexibility offers all of this and more, allowing employees to work when, where, and how they work best.

“ Research indicates that nearly 70% of employees prefer flexible working arrangements, highlighting the importance of adapting to these expectations,” says Tim Glowa, CEO and Founder of HRbrain . “Companies that embrace this change will not only attract top talent but also foster a more engaged and satisfied workforce.”

Understanding and adapting to flexible work environments is no longer just a perk—it's becoming a necessity for both employers and employees. As companies strive to attract and retain top talent, flexible work arrangements have emerged as a key differentiator, especially in competitive markets. A FlexJobs survey , for instance, revealed that a staggering 80% of respondents would pledge greater loyalty to employers offering flexible work arrangements.

Discover your next flexible workplace opportunity—browse open jobs at The Muse today!

What is workplace flexibility?

Imagine this: You wake up feeling refreshed, tackle a quick workout before the sun rises, and then dive into your most focused work hours while enjoying a cup of coffee in your pajamas. Sounds like a dream, right?

Or maybe you’re someone who is most productive in the afternoons. You might really dive into your workday mid-morning, going strong until early evening. Flexibility at work examples like this show how businesses can adapt without any losses.

In essence, workplace flexibility boils down to giving employees more control over their work schedules and environments. This can take many different forms, but the core principle remains the same: It allows employees to tailor their work schedules and environments to better suit their personal needs and lifestyles while still meeting the demands of their roles.

The recent shift towards flexible work arrangements wasn't purely born out of a desire for comfort (although those cozy pajamas do have their appeal!). “The pandemic was the catalyst that thrust us all into remote work, and people just got used to that way of life,” says Jess Munday , Co-Founder and People and Culture Manager for Custom Neon , a company dedicated to offering workplace flexibility to its employees.

Now, employees increasingly seek roles that allow them to integrate their professional and personal lives seamlessly, and companies that recognize and accommodate this need are more likely to attract and retain top talent.

Types of workplace flexibility

The beauty of flexibility in the workplace lies in its adaptability, offering a variety of options to cater to diverse needs. Let's explore some of the most common types of flexibility in the workplace:

Flexible scheduling

• Flextime : This allows employees to choose their working hours within a set range. For example, instead of the traditional 9-to-5, an employee might work from 7 a.m. to 3 p.m. or 11 a.m. to 7 p.m., as long as they complete their required hours and are available for core working hours, such as 10 a.m. to 2 p.m.
• Part-time employment : Part-time positions involve working fewer hours than full-time roles, often with more flexible work schedules. This option is ideal for those who need to balance work with other responsibilities, such as education or caregiving.
• Condensed schedules : Also known as compressed workweeks, condensed schedules allow employees to work their required hours over fewer days. For example, an employee might work four 10-hour days instead of five 8-hour days, giving them an extra day off each week.

Flexible location

• Remote work : This allows employees to work from anywhere outside the traditional office environment. This flexibility can lead to increased productivity and job satisfaction, as employees can create a work environment that suits their needs.
• Telecommuting : Similar to remote work, telecommuting involves working from a location outside the office, such as a home office or a co-working space. This arrangement can be full-time or part-time, offering a blend of in-office and remote work.
• Hybrid work arrangement : This type of arrangement combines remote and in-office work, giving employees the flexibility to choose where they work on different days. This approach can help maintain team cohesion while providing the benefits of remote work.

Flexible time off

• Unlimited paid time off (PTO): Unlimited PTO policies allow employees to take as much time off as they need, provided their work is completed and their absence doesn't negatively impact the team. This trust-based approach can lead to higher job satisfaction and reduced burnout. (Interested? These companies offer unlimited PTO—and they’re all hiring .)
• Flexible vacation policies : Flexible vacation policies give employees the freedom to take time off when they need it, without being constrained by a strict system. This can include allowing employees to buy or sell vacation days or take extended leaves when necessary.
• Sabbaticals : Sabbaticals are extended breaks from work, typically ranging from a few weeks to a year, during which employees can pursue personal interests, further their education, or recharge. These breaks can lead to increased creativity and job satisfaction upon return.

Flexible roles and responsibilities

• Job sharing : Job sharing involves two employees sharing the responsibilities of a single full-time role. This arrangement can provide a better work-life balance and allow for the retention of experienced staff who might otherwise leave due to full-time work demands.
• Cross-department secondments : Secondments involve temporarily transferring employees to different departments or roles within the organization. This flexibility can enhance skills development, foster collaboration, and offer fresh perspectives on work challenges.

Pros and cons of workplace flexibility

Workplace flexibility is a fantastic concept, but like most things in life, it's not without its challenges. “Flexible working offers the best of both worlds, but only if managed correctly,” Munday says. Let's take a balanced look at the pros and cons for both employers and employees.

Pros of having a flexible workplace

There are several benefits of workplace flexibility, but maybe the most important is improved employee satisfaction . Feeling empowered and trusted to manage your work style can significantly boost morale and satisfaction. Happy employees are more engaged, productive, and less likely to seek opportunities elsewhere.

With flexible schedules and locations, employees can better manage personal commitments and achieve a healthier work-life balance. This leads to a reduction in stress and burnout and helps retain top talents, ultimately benefiting both the employee and the company.

Flexible work arrangements also give employees more control over their work, fostering a sense of ownership and responsibility. This empowers them to take initiative and contribute their best work. And let’s not forget the financial advantages: For companies with a significant remote workforce, there are potential cost savings on office space, utilities, and equipment.

Cons of flexible working

While the benefits are undeniable, there are also some challenges associated with workplace flexibility. Managing and collaborating with a team spread across different locations and time zones can be more difficult than in a traditional office setting. Clear communication strategies and project management tools are essential to ensure everyone is on the same page.

“Maintaining that tight team cohesion and smooth communication flow with a flexible setup admittedly takes some intentional work, but it pays massive dividends,” says Conor Hughes , an HR consultant. Hughes recommends using video conferencing, chat apps, and shared workspaces for interaction between managers and other employees.

Without proper planning, clear boundaries, and self-discipline, distractions, and procrastination can be other big disadvantages of flexible work. It’s also important to mention that building and keeping a strong company culture alive can be challenging with a remote or hybrid workforce.

Another potential problem for workers in a flexible arrangement is the constant accessibility of technology. “We found in some instances when working from home, employees weren't taking breaks, or were working longer hours,” Munday says. “While this seems positive from an employer's perspective, we don't want anyone suffering burnout.” Munday says her company used this feedback to iterate on process and procedures. “We were also able to highlight areas where efficiency can be improved, so people didn't feel they needed to work later,” she says.

Tips for thriving in flexible work arrangements

So, you've embraced the world of flexible work arrangements. Now, with this newfound freedom comes the responsibility to manage your time and environment effectively. Here are some key tips to ensure you thrive in a flexible work environment:

For employees

• Establish a dedicated workspace: Carve out a specific area in your home that's designated for work. This helps create a physical and mental separation between your professional and personal life. Invest in comfortable furniture and ensure proper lighting to minimize distractions and promote focus.
• Keep a consistent schedule: While flexibility allows for some variation, establishing a regular work schedule can be surprisingly beneficial. This helps regulate your sleep patterns, improve productivity, and make you more predictable for colleagues in different time zones (remember, communication is key!).
• Use technology to stay connected: Take advantage of the several online tools available to collaborate and stay connected with colleagues. “Using video conferencing, chat apps, shared workspaces—that tech connectivity grease is vital for seamless interaction,” Hughes says. “Blocking recurring times for full team syncs to discuss progress and share updates becomes a non-negotiable. Virtual social events like online games or pizza parties can go a hugely long way in fostering that camaraderie too.”
• Set clear boundaries between work and personal life: “Setting boundaries, prioritizing that to-do list, and actually disengaging after work takes real discipline,” Hughes says. “Overworking turns into a swift track to burnout, so effectively managing time and transparently communicating workload prevents that implosion.”

For employers

• Foster a culture of trust and accountability: Autonomy is a key benefit of flexible work, but it needs to be paired with trust and accountability. Clearly define expectations and empower employees to manage their workload effectively. “Companies can use performance-tracking tools wherever their teams are based,” Munday says. “These tools help establish how much time is being spent on a specific project to give a better understanding of productivity levels, time-draining tasks, or areas that require additional training.”
• Provide the necessary tools and resources: Equip your remote team with the tools they need to succeed, including reliable hardware and software, access to cloud storage solutions, and robust video conferencing platforms. Munday says in her company, Basecamp is used for project management, and Dropbox and Google Docs for asynchronous working.
• Encourage regular communication and feedback: Open communication channels through regular team meetings, virtual check-ins, and project updates are key to keeping a strong team spirit in a flexible work environment. Encourage feedback from employees about their workloads and any challenges they might face.
• Measure performance based on results: “For companies with remote staff, measuring productivity has to go way beyond just tracking hours clocked,” Hughes says. “The real proof is in results like quality of deliverables, how quickly projects get across the finish line, and satisfaction levels from customers and clients.”

Overcoming challenges together

Both employees and employers will face challenges in a flexible work schedule or environment. One in particular needs attention from both sides: mental health. Working remotely can sometimes lead to feelings of isolation, and despite what many people think, the flexibility to work from anywhere can easily lead to overwork.

While employees should be diligent about managing their time effectively and communicating workload limitations, businesses also have their responsibility. “Encouraging boundaries between work and personal life, along with promoting mental health resources, can mitigate these issues,” Glowa says. “For instance, implementing policies that support mental well-being can lead to higher job satisfaction and productivity.”

The future of flexible work

Munday believes the importance of flexibility in the workplace will only grow, since flexible work is likely to become the norm in the future, with an increased focus on work-life balance and employee autonomy. As companies continue to invest in technology that supports a mix of remote, in-office work and collaboration, it will only make it easier for teams to stay connected and productive regardless of their location.

For companies thinking about transitioning to a flexible work model, it’s important to make a careful plan and move things slowly. “Piloting it first can identify major roadblocks before scaling too soon,” Hughes says. “Open communication right from the jump about the new model's benefits, expectations, and policies is flat-out critical. Training focused on collaborative skills, communication practices, and time management also prepares everyone for success.”

Benefits of an early mortgage payoff

Strategies for early mortgage payoff, mortgage calculator, should you pay off your mortgage early pros, cons & strategies.

Affiliate links for the products on this page are from partners that compensate us (see our advertiser disclosure with our list of partners for more details). However, our opinions are our own. See how we rate mortgages to write unbiased product reviews.

• Paying off your mortgage early is a good way to free up monthly cashflow and pay less in interest.
• But you'll lose your mortgage interest tax deduction, and you'd probably earn more by investing instead.
• Before making your decision, consider how you would use the extra money each month.

Paying off your mortgage early can be a wise financial move. You'll have more cash to play with each month once you're no longer making payments, and you'll save money in interest.

Making extra mortgage payments isn't for everyone, though. You may be better off paying off other debt or investing the money instead. Here are the pros and cons of paying off your mortgage early.

There are some pretty big advantages to paying off your mortgage early. You'll save on interest, free up cash flow, and have more money to put toward other financial goals you might have. Here's a look at some of these benefits in more depth:

Save thousands in interest

Mortgage interest is charged based on the balance you have remaining on your loan, so as you reduce that balance, you pay less in interest. (And the quicker you do that, the more you save.)

Depending on how much you borrowed and your interest rate, paying off your mortgage early could save you tens of thousands of dollars. For example, if you took out a $400,000, 30-year mortgage loan at a 6% rate, but paid off the remaining balance in year 10, you'd save nearly $241,000 in interest.

Financial security

Once you pay off your mortgage, you own the home outright. That means if you hit a financial rough patch, there's no chance of losing the house — and you won't be on the hook for expensive mortgage payments.

You also have a hefty nest egg you can rely on if you need to — because once you sell, all those profits go straight to you (not your mortgage lender). 

Flexibility for other goals

One of the best parts of paying off your mortgage is you no longer have monthly payments. By eliminating monthly mortgage payments , you free up that cash flow to put toward other things. For example, you could invest the extra money or pay for your child's college tuition. 

The average monthly mortgage payment is currently $2,883 on a 30-year fixed mortgage, according to data from the Department of Housing and Urban Development and the National Association of Realtors, so paying off your mortgage could free up a sizable chunk of cash for you to save or put toward other expenses.

Drawbacks of paying off your mortgage early

There are lots of benefits to paying off your mortgage loan early, but the strategy isn't perfect. There are some drawbacks you should consider, too. These include:

Lost investment opportunities

While paying off your mortgage early can save you on interest, you actually might earn more by investing — rather than putting it toward your loan.

The average mortgage interest rate right now is around 7%. The average stock market return over 10 years is about 12%. So if you pay your mortgage off 10 years early vs. invest in the stock market for 10 years, you'll most likely come out on top by investing the money instead.

Reduced liquidity

If you drain your savings or put a ton of cash toward paying off your mortgage, it could leave you with very little money left for emergencies. While you can always sell your house, that's not a very liquid option — and could take a while to produce the money you need in a pinch. It's always best to have a flush emergency fund on hand just in case.

Paying off your mortgage early doesn't have to mean a huge lump sum payment. There are a number of ways to do it gradually, putting small amounts toward the loan over time. Here are some strategies to pay off a mortgage faster:

Make extra principal payments

One option is to make extra payments toward your loan's principal balance. You can do this by adding an extra few hundred dollars onto your payment each month (just make sure to clarify with your lender that this will go straight to the principal), or make an extra payment when you get a windfall — maybe with your annual tax refund or holiday bonus.

Make biweekly payments

Another strategy is to take your monthly mortgage payment, divide it into two, and then pay that amount to your lender every two weeks. Making biweekly mortgage payments results in one full extra payment annually (26 half-payments, since there are 52 weeks in a year) and can shave years off your loan. It also may work with your pay schedule better, especially if you get paid every other week. 

Refinancing to a shorter term

Finally, you can also refinance your mortgage into a shorter term, say from a 30-year to a 15-year mortgage. This will increase your monthly payments, but it will allow you to pay off your loan sooner and with less interest paid. 

It depends on your financial goals, interest rate, and alternative investment opportunities. Often, investing your money in the stock market or other assets could be better for your finances. For some people, though, freeing up cash flow and reducing debt are higher priorities.

That depends on how much extra you put toward your principal balance and how often you do it. You can use an online early payoff calculator to experiment with different payment amounts and strategies.

There can be prepayment penalties for paying off your loan early, but these fees aren't very common anymore. Check with your loan servicer and read your loan documents to be sure. 

The answer to "Should I make extra mortgage payments?" depends on your level of risk tolerance and your overall financial goals. To start, compare your mortgage rate to the potential returns of other investments you might consider. Often, investing can net you more money, though it comes with more risk. Paying off your mortgage loan, however, is better if you want to free up cash flow or own your home outright. 

No, making extra payments won't hurt your credit score. Having a history of on-time payments can only help you score. However, closing your account altogether might have a minor impact on your score, though it should be only temporary. 

Use our free mortgage calculator to see how paying off your mortgage early could affect your finances. Plug in your numbers, then click on "More details" for information about paying extra each month. You can also use a formula to figure out your monthly principal payment, though using a mortgage calculator is generally easier. 

Mortgage Calculator

• Paying a 25% higher down payment would save you $8,916.08 on interest charges
• Lowering the interest rate by 1% would save you $51,562.03
• Paying an additional $500 each month would reduce the loan length by 146 months

By putting a few hundred dollars toward your mortgage per month, you could own your home in full years sooner. But even if you don't have that much extra money each month, you may decide to put just $50 or $100 toward your payments.

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Please note: While the offers mentioned above are accurate at the time of publication, they're subject to change at any time and may have changed, or may no longer be available.

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The Experiences of U.S. Adults Who Don’t Have Children

2. perceived pros and cons of not having children, table of contents.

• Reasons for not having children
• The impact of not having children
• How the survey findings do – or don’t – differ by gender
• Views on wanting children
• Reasons adults ages 50 and older didn’t have children
• Reasons adults under 50 are unlikely to have children
• General impact of not having children
• Personal impact of not having children
• Experiences in the workplace
• Worries about the future
• Pros and cons of not having children, according to younger adults who say they’re unlikely to have kids
• The impact of not having children on relationships
• Pressure to have children
• Relationships with nieces and nephews
• Providing care for aging parents
• How often younger adults talk about having children
• Friends and children
• The impact of not having children on dating
• Educational attainment
• Marital status and living arrangements
• Employment, wages and wealth
• Acknowledgments
• The American Trends Panel survey methodology
• Secondary data methodology

Among U.S. adults ages 50 and older who never had children, majorities say achieving certain things in life – such as having a fulfilling life, or a successful career – don’t have much to do with whether someone has children. At the same time, many say not having children has made some aspects of life easier for them.

Majorities of adults ages 50 and older who don’t have children say a person’s ability to do each of the following doesn’t have much to do with having kids:

• Have a fulfilling life (66%)
• Have a successful job or career (64%)
• Have an active social life (56%)

And about three-in-ten say people who don’t have children have it easier when it comes to having a successful job or career (31%) and having an active social life (30%). Much smaller shares say people who do have children have it easier in these areas.

A sizable share of adults 50 and older who don’t have children (48%) say people who don’t have kids have it easier when it comes to being financially secure. Still, a similar share (46%) say this doesn’t have much to do with whether someone has children.

When it comes to having a fulfilling life, 22% say people who do have children have it easier, while 10% say this is easier for people who don’t have children.

The one area where a majority of older adults without children see a clear advantage for parents is in having someone to care for them as they age. About six-in-ten (58%) say people who do have children have it easier in this regard.

When asked how not having kids has impacted certain aspects of their own lives , majorities of those ages 50 and older say it’s made each of the following easier:

• Affording the things they want (61%)
• Having time for hobbies and interests (57%)
• Saving for the future (57%)

Smaller but substantial shares say not having children has made it easier for them to be successful in their job or career (44% among those who don’t indicate this doesn’t apply to them) and to have an active social life (36%).

About a quarter (27%) say not having children has made it harder for them to maintain relationships with friends who have kids (among those who don’t indicate this doesn’t apply to them). About half (52%) say not having children hasn’t made this easier or harder.

Differences by gender

Half of women ages 50 and older who don’t have children say this has made it easier for them to be successful in their job or career, compared with 39% of their male counterparts (among those who don’t indicate this doesn’t apply to them). In turn, men are more likely to say not having children hasn’t made this easier or harder.

Women are also more likely than men to say not having children has made it easier for them to save for the future (60% vs. 54%).

In contrast, women are more likely than men to say not having children has made it harder for them to maintain relationships with friends who have kids (30% vs. 24% among those who don’t indicate this doesn’t apply to them). Still, roughly half in each group say not having children hasn’t made this easier or harder. 

Some employed adults ages 50 and older without kids say this affects their work life in both positive and negative ways.

For example, 35% say they’ve had more opportunities to network outside of work hours because they don’t have kids. But a third say they’ve been expected to take on extra work or responsibilities. And about three-in-ten say they’ve been given less flexibility than people who have children (30%) and have felt left out of conversations with coworkers who have kids (32%).

A smaller share (17%) say they’ve been given more opportunities for important assignments because they don’t have children.

Majorities say they haven’t had these experiences in the workplace due to their not having children.

Employed women ages 50 and older who don’t have kids are more likely than their male counterparts to say each of the following has happened to them at work because they don’t have children:

• Been given less flexibility at work than people who have children (38% vs. 26%)
• Felt left out of conversations with coworkers who have children (38% vs. 28%)

There are no differences by gender on the other items.

Differences by age

Among employed older adults without children, those in their 50s tend to see more of an impact at work than those ages 60 and older. About four-in-ten of those in their 50s say each of the following has happened to them because they don’t have children:

• Been expected to take on extra work or responsibilities (40% vs. 24% of those ages 60 and older)
• Been given less flexibility than people who have children (38% vs. 21%)

Shares ranging from 19% to 35% among adults ages 50 and older who don’t have children say they worry about each of the following extremely or very often :

• Having enough money as they age (35%)
• Having someone who will provide care for them as they age (26%)
• Being lonely as they age (19%)

Majorities say they worry about these things at least sometimes .

A far smaller share (11%) say they frequently worry about having someone who will carry on their values and traditions when they’re gone. About a third (34%) say they worry about this at least sometimes.

In a separate survey, 46% of parents ages 50 and older said they frequently worry about having enough money as they age. Smaller shares said the same about having someone who will provide care for them as they age (20%), having someone who will carry on their values and traditions (17%), and being lonely as they age (15%). 1

About a third (34%) of women ages 50 and older who don’t have children say they frequently worry about having someone who will provide care for them as they age. By comparison, 20% of their male counterparts say the same.

There are no gender differences when it comes to worries about having enough money, being lonely, or having someone who will carry on values or traditions.

Financial concerns are more common among adults without children in their 50s and 60s than among those ages 70 and older. About four-in-ten of those ages 50 to 59 (42%) and 60 to 69 (38%) say they frequently worry about having enough money as they age. About a quarter of those 70 and older (24%) say the same.

We asked some of these same questions of adults younger than 50 who don’t have kids and say they’re not too or not at all likely to have them in the future.

Majorities in this group say the fact that they don’t have children makes almost all aspects of life we asked about easier for them, with three-quarters or more saying it makes it easier for them to:

• Have time for hobbies and interests (80%)
• Afford the things they want (79%)
• Save for the future (75%)

About six-in-ten say not having children makes it easier for them to be successful in their job or career (61% among those who don’t indicate this doesn’t apply to them) and have an active social life (58%).

In turn, a sizable share of these adults (39%) say not having kids has made it harder for them to maintain relationships with their friends who have children (among those who don’t indicate this doesn’t apply to them). A similar share (40%) says not having kids hasn’t made this easier or harder.

We also asked adults under 50 who don’t have children and say they’re unlikely to have them about the general impact of not having kids. About half or more of these adults say people without kids have it easier when it comes to:

• Being financially secure (66%)
• Having an active social life (55%)
• Having a successful job or career (53%)

Like older adults without kids, most adults in this younger group (71%) say having a fulfilling life doesn’t have much do to whether someone has children.

When it comes to their experiences in the workplace, employed adults under 50 who say they’re unlikely to have children also report a mix of positives and negatives related to their not having kids.

• 45% say they’ve had more opportunities to network outside of work hours.
• 39% say they’ve been given less flexibility than people who have children.
• 35% say they’ve been expected to take on extra work or responsibilities.
• 28% say they have felt left out of conversations with coworkers who have kids.
• 19% say they have been given more opportunities for important assignments.
• This question was asked of 3,122 respondents who had previously indicated they are the parent or guardian of a child of any age and who said yes to the following question in a survey conducted May 13-19, 2024, using the American Trends Panel: “Have you ever been a parent or guardian to any children, living or deceased, including any biological or adopted children?” ↩

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What is Project 2025?

It’s a blueprint for what a second Trump administration could look like, dreamed up by his allies and former aides.

If Donald Trump struggled somewhat in his first administration to move the country dramatically to the right, he’ll be ready to go in a second term.

That’s the aim behind Project 2025, a comprehensive plan by former and likely future leaders of a Trump administration to remake America in a conservative mold while dramatically expanding presidential power and allowing Trump to use it to go after his critics.

The plan is gaining attention just as Trump is trying to moderate his stated positions to win the election, so he’s criticized some of what’s in it as “absolutely ridiculous and abysmal” and insisted that neither he nor his campaign had anything to do with Project 2025.

Still, what’s in this document is a pretty good indicator of what a second Trump presidency could look like. Here’s what Project 2025 is and how it could reshape America.

It’s a blueprint for a second Trump administration

The centerpiece is a 900-page plan that calls for extreme policies on nearly every aspect of Americans’ lives, from mass deportations, to politicizing the federal government in a way that would give Trump control over the Justice Department, to cutting entire federal agencies, to infusing Christian nationalism into every facet of government policy by calling for a ban on pornography and promoting policies that encourage “marriage, work, motherhood, fatherhood, and nuclear families.”

This isn’t coming directly from the Trump campaign. But it should be taken seriously because of the people who wrote it, analysts say. The main organization behind the plan, the Heritage Foundation, is a revolving door for Trump officials (and Heritage is a sponsor of the Republican National Convention, which will hand him the nomination next week).

“This is meant as an organized statement of the Trumpist, conservative movement, both on policy and personnel, and politics,” said William Galston, head of governance studies at the Brookings Institution.

2024 presidential election

Project 2025 calls for abortion limits, slashing climate change and LGBTQ health care funding, and much more

A few of the highlights:

Remake the federal workforce to be political : Instead of nonpartisan civil servants implementing policies on everything from health to education and climate, the executive branch would be filled with Trump loyalists. “It is necessary to ensure that departments and agencies have robust cadres of political staff,” the plan says. That means nearly every decision federal agencies make could advance a political agenda — as in whether to spend money on constituencies that lean Democratic. The project calls for cutting LGBTQ health programs, for example.

Cut the Education Department: Project 2025 would make extensive changes to public schooling, cutting longtime low-income and early education federal programs like Head Start, for example, and even the entire Education Department. “Federal education policy should be limited and, ultimately, the federal Department of Education should be eliminated,” the plan reads.

Give Trump power to investigate his opponents : Project 2025 would move the Justice Department, and all of its law enforcement arms like the FBI, directly under presidential control. It calls for a “top-to-bottom overhaul” of the FBI and for the administration to go over its investigations with a fine-toothed comb to nix any the president doesn’t like. This would dramatically weaken the independence of federal law enforcement agencies. “There’s going to be an all-out assault on the Department of Justice and the FBI,” said Galston, of Brookings. “It will mean tight White House control of the DOJ and FBI.”

Make reproductive care, particularly abortion pills, harder to get : It doesn’t specifically call for a national abortion ban, but abortion is one of the most-discussed topics in the plan, with proposals throughout encouraging the next president “to lead the nation in restoring a culture of life in America again.” It would do this by prosecuting anyone mailing abortion pills (“Abortion pills pose the single greatest threat to unborn children in a post-Roe world,” the plan says). It would raise the threat of criminalizing those who provide abortion care by using the government to track miscarriage, stillbirths and abortions, and make it harder to get emergency contraceptive care covered by insurance. It would also end federal government protections for members of the military and their families to get abortion care.

Crack down on even legal immigration : It would create a new “border patrol and immigration agency” to resurrect Trump’s border wall, build camps to detain children and families at the border, and send out the military to deport millions of people who are already in the country illegally ( including dreamers ) — a deportation effort so big that it could put a major dent in the U.S. economy. “Illegal immigration should be ended, not mitigated; the border sealed, not reprioritized,” the plan says.

Slash climate change protections : Project 2025 calls for getting rid of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which forecasts weather and tracks climate change, describing it as “one of the main drivers of the climate change alarm industry.” It would increase Arctic drilling and shutter the Environmental Protection Agency’s climate change departments, all while making it easier to up fossil fuel production.

Ban transgender people from the military and consider reinstating the draft : “Gender dysphoria is incompatible with the demands of military service,” it reads. The author of this part of the plan led the Defense Department at the end of Trump’s presidency, and he told The Washington Post that the government should seriously consider mandatory military service.

How all of this would be implemented

A huge part of this project is to recruit and train people on how to pull the levers of government or read the law in novel ways to carry out these dramatic changes to federal policy. There’s even a place on the plan’s website where you can submit your résumé.

But there are some major hurdles to getting the big stuff done, even if Trump and Republicans win control of Washington next year. For one, Trump doesn’t appear to agree with everything in it. His campaign platform barely mentions abortion, while Project 2025 zeroes in on it repeatedly.

Also, some of these ideas are impractical or possibly illegal. Analysts are divided about whether Trump can politicize the civil workforce to fire them at will, for example. And the plan calls for using the military to carry out mass deportations on a historic scale , which could be constitutionally iffy.

Ominously, one of the project’s leaders opened the door to political violence to will all of this into being: “We are in the process of the second American revolution,” Heritage Foundation President Kevin Roberts warned recently, “which will remain bloodless, if the left allows it to be.”

Why Project 2025 is getting so much attention right now

It’s not unusual for wannabe administration officials to plan for how they’d govern once they get back in power. But what is unusual is how dramatic and unapologetically extreme many of these proposals are.

And the Biden campaign — which is obviously struggling right now with existential questions about its nominee — sees this as an easy target to campaign on.

Democrats are circulating a survey from a liberal organization that suggests talking about Project 2025 as a “takeover” of American government by Trumpists resonates with voters.

“It’s like reading a horror novel,” said Democratic strategist Jesse Ferguson. “Each page makes you want to read the next one, but when you finish reading it, you’re scared and disgusted.”

That’s much to the frustration of the Trump campaign, which doesn’t want such specific (and politically unpopular) ideas out there pegged to his campaign, as he’s trying to moderate some of his positions to win the election.

“It makes no sense to put all the crazy things you’ll be attacked for down on paper while you’re running,” a Trump adviser told The Washington Post recently .

But it’s fair to think of Project 2025 as a pretty good indicator of what a second Trump presidency would look like, analysts say.

“It’s not like Trump is going to hand out this booklet to his Cabinet on Day One and say, ‘Here you go,’” said Michael Strain, the director of economic policy studies at the conservative-leaning American Enterprise Institute. “But it reflects real goals of important people in Trump’s community.”

A previous version of this article misspelled the name of the American Enterprise Institute's Michael Strain as Michel. The article has been corrected.

Election 2024

Follow live updates on the 2024 election from our reporters on the campaign trail and in Washington.

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Trump VP pick: Donald Trump has chosen Sen. J.D. Vance (Ohio) as his running mate , selecting a rising star in the Republican Party and a previously outspoken Trump critic who in recent years has closely aligned himself with the former president.

Presidential election polls: Here’s what voters think about Harris replacing Biden and how Harris performs against Trump in recent polls .

Stanford’s Deborah Sivas on SCOTUS’ Loper Decision overturning Chevron and the Impact on Environmental Law

• June 28, 2024
• Deborah A. Sivas
• Q&A with Sharon Driscoll
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On Friday, June 28, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned Chevron in Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo— upending 40 years of precedent that has been cited in dozens of Supreme Court cases and thousands of lower court rulings.  At issue is the Administrative Procedure Act and the independence of government agencies, such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).  Here Stanford Law Professor Deborah Sivas, an environmental law expert, discusses the case and its implications.

Can you first briefly explain the landmark Court ruling Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council that was overturned today?

The Chevron case, decided in 1984, applied a two-step approach for interpreting federal statutes implemented by administrative agencies.  Chevron directed federal courts, in reviewing an agency’s interpretation of a statute, to determine, first, whether Congress has directly spoken to the precise statutory question at issue. If so, the intent of Congress is clear and courts should give effect to that intent. If, however, the statute is silent or ambiguous, Chevron directed courts to defer to the agency’s reading of the statutory provision as long as that interpretation was a permissible construction of the language. The doctrine established by Chevron , therefore, substantially deferred to agencies’ interpretations of the laws they administer.

Chevron has been in place for 40 years and has been cited thousands of times by both the Supreme Court and lower courts, right? What does today’s decision mean for established law?

Yes, probably tens of thousands of lower court cases over the last four decades have relied on Chervon in some fashion. The Court’s opinion today makes clear that the settled judgments in those cases are not affected—that is, the Loper Bright Enterprises ruling will not be grounds for revisiting those cases. But going forward, it does portend a sea change for any new cases that raise questions of statutory interpretation.

How did the majority support this decision? What was their argument?

The decision itself is premised on what the majority believes is a plain text reading of the Administrative Procedure Act, which governs judicial challenges to agency actions. The majority opinion, authored by Chief Justice Roberts, essentially says that Chervon was wrongly decided in 1984 “by a bare quorum of six Justices” because it conflicts with APA’s directive that courts (not agencies) should decide “all relevant questions of law.”  The majority opinion justifies today’s reversal, in part, through a lengthy discussion of the many exceptions carved out of the Chevron doctrine by the Court in recent years. Justice Roberts argues that while Chevron has remained on the books, it has become a “decaying husk” of “crumbling precedents” that warrants overturning.

Has Chevron been suffering a slow death?

Today’s decision is, really, the culmination of decades of effort to reduce the role of government in our lives, even as the problems generated by modern society become increasingly acute and increasingly complex. It is more than a bit scary to think that federal judges—many of whom are increasingly ideological and almost none of whom have specialized training beyond a JD—are now more empowered to strike down agency rules and actions they don’t like, particularly knowing that Congress seems incapable of providing an effective check on such judicial power.

How will this decision impact the work of agencies such as the EPA? And will it empower courts?

We will see how agencies adjust to the decision—they have been aware for some time that Chervon was hanging by a thread—and how the lower courts react. But today’s ruling is likely to have far reaching impacts for the EPA, the FDA, and similar regulatory agencies, in part because the statutes which these agencies implement—the Clean Air Act, for example—are highly technical and applying them to contemporary problems like climate change requires the exercise of expert judgment. The deference which courts might have given to such expert judgments under Chevron is now largely a thing of the past.

Take climate policy:  Congress has never enacted climate legislation and, given the extremely partisan nature of our current political system, is not likely to do so anytime in the near future.  To address contemporary concerns, therefore, the EPA has turned largely to the Clean Air Act, which was enacted in 1970, long before climate change came onto the public radar. The Clean Act does not speak directly to greenhouse gas emissions or climate policy—that is, it is silent on those issues. So, the EPA has interpreted and applied various provisions of the statue to address climate issues. Courts will no longer be able to defer to the agency’s interpretation of the statute, setting the stage for the judiciary to more easily strike down climate regulations. The same is true across all federal regulatory agencies.

The Court did leave the door open for so-called Skidmore deference, which is an old New Deal-era case (enacted around the same time as the APA) that counseled courts to give some “respect” to an agency’s statutory interpretation where that interpretation is “persuasive.”  But whether an agency interpretation is persuasive to a particular judge or court is obviously a very subjective standard. I suspect that courts that want to uphold an agency regulation may rely on Skidmore , and courts that disagree with an agency won’t.

You have been a leading environmental lawyer since the early days after the Chevron decision. How important is today’s decision to the work you do?

It will likely have a significant impact on the work we do, honestly in both directions. For regulatory action that aims to protect the public and the environment from harm, today’s decision will make things more difficult for agencies like the EPA and for those who advocate more protective policies. That is precisely the reason that conservative legal scholars and potential targets of such regulation have pushed, literally for decades now, to jettison Chevron .

On the other hand, there are a number of federal agencies, like the U.S. Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management, which manage most of the federal public lands, that have been largely captured by the entities they regulate—timber companies, mining interests, etc.  These agencies often seek Chevron deference for pro-development and pro-extraction rules and decisions. Many of our community partners in those circumstances might well be happy to see Chevron gone.

But on balance, my own view is that today’s decision will have an overall adverse impact on the federal government’s ability to protect the public from all kinds of harms—environmental, economic, social, etc.

Are there any legal avenues around this decision?

The decision is likely to put even more pressure on regulatory agencies to justify their interpretations, and I suspect it will make them less willing to color outside the lines of older statutes to address modern problems—precisely the effect that conservative commentators intended.

I’m curious how things will play out in the lower courts and whether today’s decision actually increases the workload and uncertainty for the federal judiciary.  Recent analogues suggest that the Supreme Court’s wholesale jettison of settled precedent, for instance in the abortion and gun rights cases, can cause chaos. In both instances, the uncertainty created by those rulings has prompted a lot of new litigation, including cases moving through the system to the Supreme Court.  In last weeks’ Rahimi decision, for instance, we saw the Court start to back-peddle on the expansive Bruen case, and there are many other Second Amendment challenges now bouncing around the courts in the hopes of overturning gun control measures after Bruen .  The same trajectory may play out in the Chevron context, where lower courts must now figure out how to exercise their “independent judgment” in interpreting statutes as applied to contemporary problems that Congress did not expressly address in a given law.  I don’t think this is the last we will see of the issue before the Supreme Court.

Is there anything else you’d like to add about this decision and its impact on environmental issues going forward?

The slow fall of Chevron —today’s opinion says that the Supreme Court has not relied on the doctrine since 2016 and, as a practitioner, I know that the Department of Justice basically stopped using it during the Trump years—has been accompanied by the rise of the so-called “major questions doctrine.”  That doctrine, to which the Supreme Court gave its official blessing in the 2022 West Virginia decision striking down EPA’s Clean Power Plan for reducing carbon emissions from power plants, provides that agency rules that may have broad economic and political significance must be authorized by a clear statement from Congress.  Virtually any new regulation to address pollution or financial institutions or the like can probably satisfy that criterion, meaning that most of today’s rulemakings are at risk.  And indeed, regulated parties are raising “major questions doctrine” challenges in case after case after case.

The arrival of the major questions doctrine and the simultaneous demise of Chevron deference go hand-in-hand to arrogate enormous power to the federal judiciary to decide policy questions for the rest of us.  When I went to law school, the most conservative legal scholars railed against just such creep of judicial policymaking.  Now they basically embrace it.

Deborah A. Sivas is the Luke W. Cole Professor of Environmental Law at Stanford Law School. A leading environmental litigator, Sivas is the founding director of the highly regarded Environmental Law Clinic, in which students provide legal counsel to dozens of national, regional and grassroots nonprofit organizations on a variety of environmental issues. Sivas’s litigation successes include challenging the Bush administration’s gas mileage standards for SUVs and light trucks and holding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency accountable for regulating the discharge of invasive species in ship ballast water. Her current research is focused on the interaction of law and science in the arena of climate change and coastal/marine policy and the ability of the public to hold policymakers accountable. She is also the director of Stanford Law School’s Environmental and Natural Resources Law and Policy Program; a senior fellow at Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment; affiliated researcher at the Center for Ocean Solutions; faculty advisor at the  Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources; and a professor at the Doerr School of Sustainability.