is thesis the plural of thesis

Plural of Thesis

What is the plural of thesis.

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Definition of thesis

Did you know.

In high school, college, or graduate school, students often have to write a thesis on a topic in their major field of study. In many fields, a final thesis is the biggest challenge involved in getting a master's degree, and the same is true for students studying for a Ph.D. (a Ph.D. thesis is often called a dissertation ). But a thesis may also be an idea; so in the course of the paper the student may put forth several theses (notice the plural form) and attempt to prove them.

Examples of thesis in a Sentence

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'thesis.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

in sense 3, Middle English, lowering of the voice, from Late Latin & Greek; Late Latin, from Greek, downbeat, more important part of a foot, literally, act of laying down; in other senses, Latin, from Greek, literally, act of laying down, from tithenai to put, lay down — more at do

14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 3a(1)

Dictionary Entries Near thesis

the sins of the fathers are visited upon the children

thesis novel

Cite this Entry

“Thesis.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thesis. Accessed 1 Jul. 2024.

Kids Definition

Kids definition of thesis, more from merriam-webster on thesis.

Nglish: Translation of thesis for Spanish Speakers

Britannica English: Translation of thesis for Arabic Speakers

Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about thesis

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What’s the Plural of Thesis? (Thesises? Theses?)

• November 13, 2022

What’s the plural of “thesis”?

Thesis , (and its plural theses ) is an example of one of the many common English words that has roots elsewhere. In this case, thesis is a word that has roots all the way back to Ancient Greek. Like other similarly structured words: diagnosis , synthesis , analysis , oasis , crisis , nemesis and the like, thesis is by no means the only frequently used Greek word that’s made it to Modern English.

What’s the singular of thesis?

Thesis is a singular noun and refers to one thing (or one thesis ).

What’s a thesis?

Merriam-Webster defines the noun thesis (plural theses ) as follows, “a dissertation embodying results of original research and especially substantiating a specific view especially : one written by a candidate for an academic degree.”

Nouns that end in -sis/ses

Thesis is an irregular plural noun that does not end in the typical -s / -es that regular plural noun forms take. This is so despite that theses plural does in fact end in the conventional -s/-es suffix. Why is it still considered irregular; then, given that it follows the regular plural form? Notice the following regular plural noun forms:

Thesis / theses operates differently. With these Greek words, the -ses does not simply  add onto the end of the singular form of the noun; instead, -ses replaces the singular noun’s suffixes, and effectively changes the entire spelling of the word (and arguably the word itself.)

Examples of “thesis” (singular) in sentences

His master thesis was on modal neural networks.

She wrote her thesis on Renaissance Nativity scenes.

We disagreed with the basic thesis of the report.

I’ve made a first draft of my thesis .

The student’s experiments helped her formulate a thesis to share with her professor and classmates.

Examples of “theses” (plural) in sentences

It must not be assumed that Luther’s ninety-five theses produced any considerable direct results.

The collection of theses are ready for publication.

Twenty years after Savonarola’s death Martin Luther made public his theses against indulgences.

Theses are generally examined by two or more specialists.

Theses is the plural form of the singular noun thesis.

Origin of the word “thesis”

Thesis / theses are of Greek origin.

Read about other irregular nouns

• What’s the plural of bison?
• What’s the plural of moose?
• What’s the plural of sheep?
• What’s the plural of ox?
• What’s the plural of cactus?
• What’s the plural of crisis?
• What’s the plural of hypothesis?

Read about other topics in grammar

• What’re personal pronouns?
• What’s the difference between they’re, their, and there?
• Whose vs who’s?
• Merriam-Webster, thesis/theses.

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[ thee -sis ]

He vigorously defended his thesis on the causes of war.

Synonyms: proposal , contention , theory

• a subject for a composition or essay.
• a dissertation on a particular subject in which one has done original research, as one presented by a candidate for a diploma or degree.
• Music. the downward stroke in conducting; downbeat. Compare arsis ( def 1 ) .
• a part of a metrical foot that does not bear the ictus or stress.
• (less commonly) the part of a metrical foot that bears the ictus. Compare arsis ( def 2 ) .
• Philosophy. Hegelian dialectic

/ ˈθiːsɪs /

• a dissertation resulting from original research, esp when submitted by a candidate for a degree or diploma
• a doctrine maintained or promoted in argument
• a subject for a discussion or essay
• an unproved statement, esp one put forward as a premise in an argument
• music the downbeat of a bar, as indicated in conducting
• (in classical prosody) the syllable or part of a metrical foot not receiving the ictus Compare arsis
• philosophy the first stage in the Hegelian dialectic, that is challenged by the antithesis
• The central idea in a piece of writing, sometimes contained in a topic sentence .

Discover More

Word history and origins.

Origin of thesis 1

Example Sentences

“The Saudis have been proving the thesis of the film — they do in fact have an army,” said Thor Halvorssen, founder and chief executive of the nonprofit Human Rights Foundation, which funded the movie.

It’s a hypothesis that Bush pursued in her master’s thesis, and last year she began attending virtual Goth parties in a final round of field work before defending her doctoral thesis later this year.

While this partnership was planned prior to the coronavirus outbreak, co-founder Jordana Kier said the pandemic instantly proved out the expansion thesis.

They’ve had to defend that thesis for a very, very long time in front of a variety of different customers and different people.

Over the past decade, In-Q-Tel has been one of the most active investors in the commercial space sector, with a broad investment thesis that touches many aspects of the sector.

In “Back Home,” Gil also revisits the nostalgia for the South explored in his Johns Hopkins thesis, “Circle of Stone.”

At least father and son were in alignment on this central thesis: acting “gay”—bad; being thought of as gay—bad.

Her doctoral thesis, says Ramin Takloo at the University of Illinois, was simply outstanding.

Marshall McLuhan long ago argued the now accepted thesis that different mediums have different influences on thinking.

He wrote his Master's thesis on the underrepresentation of young people in Congress.

And indeed for most young men a college thesis is but an exercise for sharpening the wits, rarely dangerous in its later effects.

It will be for the reader to determine whether the main thesis of the book has gained or lost by the new evidence.

But the word thesis, when applied to Systems, does not mean the 'position' of single notes, but of groups of notes.

This conclusion, it need hardly be said, is in entire agreement with the main thesis of the preceding pages.

Sundry outlying Indians, with ammunition to waste, took belly and knee rests and strengthened the thesis to the contrary.

Related Words

• proposition
• supposition

What Is The Plural Of Thesis?

Plural word for  thesis.

The plural form of thesis is theses , pronounced [ thee -seez ]. The plurals of several other singular words that end in -is are also formed in this way, including hypothesis / hypotheses , crisis / crises , and axis / axes . A similar change is made when pluralizing appendix as appendices . 

Irregular plurals that are formed like theses derive directly from their original pluralization in Latin and Greek.

Plural of Thesis: A Quick Guide for English Learners

By: Author ESLBUZZ

Posted on Last updated: October 11, 2023

Sharing is caring!

Do you know the plural of thesis? Understanding the correct plural of thesis is important not only for academic writing, but for general communication as well. Whether you’re discussing multiple research papers or simply trying to sound knowledgeable in a conversation, using the correct plural form can help you make a good impression and avoid any confusion or misunderstandings.

Plural of Thesis

Definition and Plural of Thesis

When writing a research paper or dissertation, the central argument or main point is known as a thesis. A thesis is a statement or proposition that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or proved. It is a crucial element of academic writing and is often required for a degree or certification.

The plural of thesis is “theses.” In English, most nouns form the plural by adding an “s” at the end. However, “thesis” is one of the few exceptions to this rule. The word “thesis” has a Greek root, and “theses” is how it is pluralized in that original language.

It is important to note that “theses” is the only way to make the noun “thesis” plural. There is no alternative form of the plural for this word.

In academic writing, the plural form “theses” is commonly used when referring to multiple research papers or dissertations. For example, “I have read several theses on this topic, and they all have different viewpoints.”

When to Use Thesis and Its Plural Form

When writing academic papers or conducting research, it is important to understand when to use the word “thesis” and its plural form, “theses.” Here are some guidelines to help you use these words correctly:

• Use “thesis” when referring to a single research paper or dissertation that presents a specific argument or viewpoint.
• Use “theses” when referring to multiple research papers or dissertations.
• Remember that “thesis” is a singular noun and “theses” is its plural form.
• Be aware that “thesis” has a Greek root and follows the same pluralization rule as other Greek words ending in “-is,” such as “crisis” and “analysis.” They become “crises” and “analyses,” respectively.
• Keep in mind that “thesis” can also refer to a statement or proposition that is put forward for consideration or discussion. In this case, the plural form would be “theses.”
• When citing multiple theses in a paper, use “theses” to indicate the plurality. For example, “The theses presented in this paper all support the idea that…”

Examples of Thesis and Its Plural Form in Sentences

If you are wondering how to use the word “thesis” in a sentence, here are a few examples:

• Your thesis statement should be clear and concise.
• The professor asked us to submit our theses by the end of the semester.
• The thesis of the article is that climate change is caused by human activity.
• She spent months researching and writing her thesis on the history of feminism .
• The committee was impressed by the depth and originality of his thesis.

As you can see, “thesis” is used to refer to a statement or argument put forth by a writer or speaker, as well as a research paper written by a student to earn a degree.

Now, let’s take a look at the plural form of “thesis.” According to Grammar Monster, the only correct way to form the plural of “thesis” is “theses.” Here are some examples of how to use “theses” in a sentence:

• The library has a collection of theses written by graduate students.
• The professor asked us to read several theses on the topic before starting our own research.
• The theses presented at the conference covered a wide range of topics.
• The committee was impressed by the quality and originality of the theses submitted.

Plural Noun Rules for Regular Nouns

When forming the plural of regular nouns, there are some standard rules to follow. These rules apply to most English nouns, including “thesis.” Here are the basic guidelines:

• For most singular nouns, simply add an “-s” to the end to form the plural. For example, “book” becomes “books,” “car” becomes “cars,” and “house” becomes “houses.”
• If the singular noun ends in “-s,” “-x,” “-z,” “-ch,” or “-sh,” add “-es” to form the plural. For example, “bus” becomes “buses,” “box” becomes “boxes,” “buzz” becomes “buzzes,” “church” becomes “churches,” and “dish” becomes “dishes.”
• If the singular noun ends in a consonant followed by “-y,” change the “-y” to “-ies” to form the plural. For example, “city” becomes “cities,” “baby” becomes “babies,” and “story” becomes “stories.”
• If the singular noun ends in a vowel followed by “-y,” simply add an “-s” to form the plural. For example, “boy” becomes “boys,” “key” becomes “keys,” and “day” becomes “days.”

It’s important to note that there are some irregular nouns that don’t follow these rules. For example, “child” becomes “children,” “foot” becomes “feet,” and “tooth” becomes “teeth.” However, “thesis” is a regular noun, so it follows the standard rules for forming the plural.

Plural Noun Rules for Irregular Nouns

When it comes to forming the plural of nouns in English, there are some general rules that apply to most words. However, there are also many irregular nouns that don’t follow these rules and have unique plural forms. In this section, we’ll go over some common irregular plural nouns and the rules for forming their plurals.

List of Common Irregular Plural Nouns

Here are some examples of irregular plural nouns that you may come across:

Nouns that End in Us

Nouns that end in “us” often have a plural form that ends in “i”. For example:

Nouns that End in Is

Nouns that end in “is” may have a plural form that ends in “es”. For example:

Nouns that End in On

Nouns that end in “on” may have a plural form that ends in “a”. For example:

Plurals That Are the Same as Singulars

Some nouns have the same form for both the singular and plural. For example:

Words That Look Like Plural Nouns but Are Singular Nouns

Some words may look like plural nouns but are actually singular nouns. For example:

Collective Nouns and List

When it comes to forming the plural of nouns, collective nouns can be a bit tricky. A collective noun refers to a group of people or things as a single entity. For example, “team” is a collective noun because it refers to a group of individuals working together towards a common goal.

The challenge with collective nouns is deciding whether to treat them as singular or plural. In American English, collective nouns are usually treated as singular, while in British English, they can be treated as either singular or plural depending on the context.

Here are some examples of collective nouns and how they can be treated in different contexts:

As you can see, the choice of whether to use a singular or plural verb depends on whether you are referring to the group as a single entity or as individuals within the group.

When it comes to forming the plural of collective nouns, the same rules apply as for regular nouns. For example, the plural of “team” is “teams”, and the plural of “family” is “families”.

Plural Nouns vs. Possessive Nouns

When it comes to forming the plural of nouns, there are standard rules that apply to most words in the English language. However, there are some exceptions, such as the word “thesis.” The plural of “thesis” is “theses,” and this is the only correct way to form the plural of this word.

On the other hand, when it comes to forming possessive nouns, there are a few rules to keep in mind. Here are some key points to remember:

• For singular nouns, add an apostrophe and an “s” to show possession. For example, “the thesis’s conclusion” means the conclusion belonging to the thesis.
• For plural nouns that end in “s,” add only an apostrophe to show possession. For example, “the theses’ conclusions” means the conclusions belonging to the theses.
• For plural nouns that do not end in “s,” add an apostrophe and an “s” to show possession. For example, “women’s rights” means the rights belonging to women.

It’s important to note that possessive nouns should not be confused with plural nouns. While they may look similar, they serve different grammatical functions. Possessive nouns show ownership or possession, while plural nouns simply refer to more than one of something.

Common Mistakes with Plural Nouns

When it comes to forming the plural of nouns, there are some common mistakes that are made. Here are a few things to keep in mind when forming the plural of the word “thesis” and other nouns:

Adding an Apostrophe

One common mistake is adding an apostrophe to a noun to make it plural. For example, “the thesis’s” instead of “the theses.” This is incorrect and should be avoided.

Irregular Plurals

Some nouns have irregular plurals that do not follow the standard rules. For example, “child” becomes “children” and “goose” becomes “geese.” It is important to learn these irregular plurals to avoid mistakes.

Confusion over Plurals

Some nouns, like “thesis,” can cause confusion over their plural form. “Theses” is the only correct way to make “thesis” plural. Other words that end in “-is” may also have irregular plurals, such as “crisis” becoming “crises.”

Using Incorrect Count Nouns

It is important to use the correct count nouns when referring to multiple instances of something. For example, “studies” instead of “researches,” and “pieces of evidence” instead of “evidences.” Using the incorrect count noun can make your writing sound awkward or confusing.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the correct plural form of ‘thesis’?

The correct plural form of ‘thesis’ is ‘theses.’ It is an irregular plural noun that does not follow the typical -s/-es suffix used for regular plural nouns.

How is ‘thesis’ used in a sentence?

‘Thesis’ refers to a statement or theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or proved. An example sentence would be: “Her thesis on the effects of climate change was well-researched and presented.”

What is the origin of the word ‘thesis’?

The word ‘thesis’ comes from the Greek word ‘tithenai,’ which means ‘to place’ or ‘to put.’ In academia, it refers to a statement or theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or proved.

What is the difference between ‘thesis’ and ‘theses’?

‘Thesis’ is the singular form of the word, while ‘theses’ is the plural form. ‘Thesis’ refers to a single statement or theory, while ‘theses’ refers to multiple statements or theories.

The plural of thesis is the word 'theses'.

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To pluralize 'thesis', you simply add 'es' to the end of the word. This is because 'thesis' ends in 'is', which is a singular noun ending.

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Yes, the plural of thesis is 'theses'.

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'Theses' is not an irregular plural form of thesis. It is a regular plural form.

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Some examples of irregular plural nouns include 'child' (children), 'tooth' (teeth), and 'foot' (feet).

"}},{"@type":"Question","name":"How do you correctly pluralize nouns ending in -is?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"

To correctly pluralize nouns ending in -is, you simply change the 'is' to 'es'. For example, the plural of 'thesis' is 'theses', and the plural of 'analysis' is 'analyses'.

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English Teacher Site

Whats the Plural of Thesis: Understanding Singular and Plural Forms

• The plural of “thesis” adheres to the Greek-rooted pattern, changing the singular -is to a plural -es.
• Accurate use of “thesis” and “theses” reflects scholarly precision in both written and oral communication.
• Awareness of correct pluralization extends to other similar nouns ending in -sis, emphasizing the importance of understanding language origins.

It is crucial to use the word correctly in both singular and plural contexts to maintain the integrity of written and spoken communication. In the realm of academics, precision in language reflects the rigor of one’s research and argumentation. As such, understanding the transformation from “thesis” to its plural counterpart is more than a trivial detail; it reflects a deeper appreciation for the structure and history of the English language.

What’s the Plural of Thesis?

The proper plural of thesis is “theses.” This transformation is part of a broader pattern in the English language where certain nouns change their ending to reflect a plural state.

Below, a comparison is made to illustrate the standard singular to plural transformation for nouns ending in -is:

Key Points about the pluralization of “thesis”:

• The plural follows a specific rule of changing the ‘-is’ ending to ‘-es’.
• This pattern is consistent with other Greek-derived words.
• The pronunciation changes with the plural form, ending in “-eez.”

To clarify usage, consider these examples:

• Singular: The student’s thesis was commended for its clarity.
• Plural: The professor read all the submitted theses before the conference.

Singular Form of Thesis

The singular form of ‘thesis’ is of notable interest due to its origins and distinct pluralization.

Origination and Definition:

• Etymology : Derived from the ancient Greek word τίθημι (tithēmi), which means “to put” or “to place.”
• Meaning : It is a statement or theory put forward to be maintained or proved.

Usage in Academia:

• A significant piece of writing prepared by a student to obtain a university degree or diploma.
• Often involves original research and substantiates a particular view or argument.

Table 1: Notable Features of ‘Thesis’

Table 2: Contextual Examples

Definition of Thesis

A thesis is a substantial piece of scholarly writing that is typically required to obtain a master’s or doctoral degree. It represents the author’s research and findings in their chosen field of study. A thesis serves as evidence that the student has acquired the knowledge necessary to be considered a scholar in the field. Here, two key aspects of a thesis will be described through tables:

Purpose and Composition of a Thesis:

Characteristics of a Thesis:

• Focused : It should have a clear, concise premise or central argument.
• Researched : Employs rigorous methodologies to gather and analyze data.
• Structured : Contains defined sections that present information logically.
• Cited : Includes proper citations of sources that support or contrast the thesis.
• Reviewed : Undergoes scrutiny by academic peers or supervisors.

Other Irregular Plural Nouns Ending in -sis/ses

Below you will find two tables categorized by common and less common irregular plurals that follow this pattern.

Common Irregular Plurals:

This pattern is often observed with words that have Greek origins.

Less Common Irregular Plurals:

It is important to recognize these forms to maintain grammatical accuracy in writing and speech. Below is a list of examples used in sentences:

• When multiple scientific hypotheses are tested, the results can lead to important discoveries.
• During the editing process, Jane had to review all the parentheses to ensure clarity in her writing.
• Geographers study multiple oases in the desert to understand these unique ecosystems.
• His thesis on renewable energy was well-received, and many theses on the subject reference his work.

Examples of Thesis (Singular) in Sentences

Here are examples that demonstrate its usage in various sentences.

In Academic Context

In Everyday Discourse

Informal setting : During the debate, his thesis was that space exploration is no longer just a dream but a necessity.

• Discussing beliefs : Her thesis is that all public spaces should offer free Wi-Fi.
• Opinion : They argued the thesis that high taxes discourage spending.

Examples of Theses (Plural) in Sentences

Here are some examples of how “theses” can be used in sentences:

Education Setting : Graduate students often struggle to find unique topics for their theses as most ideas have been extensively explored.

• Evaluating the structure and arguments of different theses can help one build a stronger dissertation.

Origin of the Word Thesis

The term thesis originates from the ancient Greek word θέσις (thésis), which means “a proposition” . Historically, this term has played a crucial role in both rhetorical and academic contexts. It denotes a statement that a writer intends to support and prove. In academic circles, thesis often refers to a document that presents the author’s research and findings and is submitted in support of candidature for a degree or professional qualification.

Etymological Background

The journey of the word from its Greek roots to the modern English language reflects the changing dynamics of educational and scholarly practices over the centuries.

As a carryover from Greek to Latin, the word made its way into English, maintaining its original Greek plural form:

Usage in Academia

In academia, the word has been used since the late Middle Ages to denote a scholarly work written by students aiming to obtain a university degree. Over time, the use of thesis expanded from merely referring to a proposition to a lengthy document providing evidence of comprehensive research.

Historical Evolution:

• Middle Ages : Referred to propositions for a degree.
• Renaissance : Emphasized individual research.
• Modern Usage : Extensive research documents for higher education degrees.

Areas of Impact:

• Rhetoric : Considered as a premise to be argued.
• Academic Research : Reflects comprehensive study in a field.

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• 1.1 Etymology
• 1.2 Pronunciation
• 1.3.1 Derived terms
• 1.3.2 Related terms
• 1.3.3 Translations
• 1.4 References
• 1.5 Further reading
• 1.6 Anagrams
• 2.1 Etymology
• 2.2 Pronunciation
• 3.1 Etymology
• 3.2 Pronunciation
• 3.3.1 Declension
• 3.3.2 Descendants
• 3.4 References

From Late Middle English thesis ( “ lowering of the voice ” ) [1] and also borrowed directly from its etymon Latin thesis ( “ proposition, thesis; lowering of the voice ” ) , from Ancient Greek θέσῐς ( thésis , “ arrangement, placement, setting; conclusion, position, thesis; lowering of the voice ” ) , from τῐ́θημῐ ( títhēmi , “ to place, put, set; to put down in writing; to consider as, regard ” ) [2] [3] (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- ( “ to do; to place, put ” ) ) + -σῐς ( -sis , suffix forming abstract nouns or nouns of action, process, or result ) . The English word is a doublet of deed .

Sense 1.1 (“proposition or statement supported by arguments”) is adopted from antithesis . [2] Sense 1.4 (“initial stage of reasoning”) was first used by the German philosopher Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762–1814), and later applied to the dialectical method of his countryman, the philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831).

The plural form theses is borrowed from Latin thesēs , from Ancient Greek θέσεις ( théseis ) .

Pronunciation

• ( Received Pronunciation ) IPA ( key ) : /ˈθiːsɪs/ , ( archaic ) /ˈθɛsɪs/

• ( General American ) IPA ( key ) : /ˈθisɪs/
• Rhymes: -iːsɪs
• Hyphenation: the‧sis
• ( Received Pronunciation ) IPA ( key ) : /ˈθiːsiːz/
• ( General American ) IPA ( key ) : /ˈθisiz/
• Rhymes: -iːsiːz
• Hyphenation: the‧ses

thesis ( plural theses )

• ( rhetoric ) A proposition or statement supported by arguments .
• 1766 , [ Oliver Goldsmith ], “The Conclusion”, in The Vicar of Wakefield:   [ … ] , volume II, Salisbury, Wiltshire: [ … ] B. Collins, for F [ rancis ] Newbery ,   [ … ] , →OCLC ; reprinted London: Elliot Stock , 1885 , →OCLC , pages 218–219 : I told them of the grave, becoming, and ſublime deportment they ſhould aſſume upon this myſtical occaſion, and read them two homilies and a theſis of my own compoſing, in order to prepare them.
• ( mathematics , computer science ) A conjecture , especially one too vague to be formally stated or verified but useful as a working convention.
• ( logic ) An affirmation , or distinction from a supposition or hypothesis .
• ( philosophy ) In the dialectical method of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel : the initial stage of reasoning where a formal statement of a point is developed ; this is followed by antithesis and synthesis .
• ( music , prosody , originally ) The action of lowering the hand or bringing down the foot when indicating a rhythm ; hence, an accented part of a measure of music or verse indicated by this action; an ictus , a stress . Antonym: arsis
• ( music , prosody , with a reversal of meaning ) A depression of the voice when pronouncing a syllables of a word ; hence, the unstressed part of the metrical foot of a verse upon which such a depression falls , or an unaccented musical note .

Derived terms

• all but thesis
• bachelor's thesis
• Church-Turing thesis
• conflict thesis
• doctoral thesis
• graduate thesis
• Habakkuk thesis
• master's thesis
• Merton thesis
• private language thesis
• thesis defense
• thesis film
• thesis statement

Related terms

Translations.

• ^ “ thē̆sis, n. ”, in MED Online , Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan , 2007 .
• ^ “ thesis, n. ”, in Lexico , Dictionary.com ; Oxford University Press , 2019–2022 .

Further reading

• “ thesis ”, in The Century Dictionary   [ … ] , New York, N.Y.: The Century Co. , 1911 , →OCLC .
• “ thesis ”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary , Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam , 1913 , →OCLC .
• Heists , Sethis , heists , shiest , shites , sithes , thises

From Latin thesis , from Ancient Greek θέσις ( thésis , “ a proposition, a statement, a thing laid down, thesis in rhetoric, thesis in prosody ” ) .

thesis   f ( plural theses or thesissen , diminutive thesisje   n )

• Dated form of these . Synonyms: dissertatie , proefschrift , scriptie

From Ancient Greek θέσις ( thésis , “ a proposition, a statement, a thing laid down, thesis in rhetoric, thesis in prosody ” ) .

• ( Classical Latin ) IPA ( key ) : /ˈtʰe.sis/ , [ˈt̪ʰɛs̠ɪs̠]
• ( modern Italianate Ecclesiastical ) IPA ( key ) : /ˈte.sis/ , [ˈt̪ɛːs̬is]

thesis   f ( genitive thesis ) ; third declension

Descendants

• → Dutch: thesis
• → Armenian: թեզ ( tʻez )
• → Dutch: these
• → Persian: تز ( tez )
• → Romanian: teză
• → Turkish: tez
• Galician: tese
• Italian: tesi
• English: thesis
• Portuguese: tese
• Spanish: tesis
• “ thesis ”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short ( 1879 ) A Latin Dictionary , Oxford: Clarendon Press
• thesis in Gaffiot, Félix ( 1934 ) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français , Hachette.

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Definition of thesis noun from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

• Students must submit a thesis on an agreed subject within four years.
• He presented this thesis for his PhD.
• a thesis for a master's degree
• He's doing a doctoral thesis on the early works of Shostakovich.
• Many departments require their students to do a thesis defense.
• She completed an MSc by thesis.
• her thesis adviser at MIT
• in a/​the thesis
• thesis about

Definitions on the go

Look up any word in the dictionary offline, anytime, anywhere with the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary app.

Theses or Thesis - What's the difference?

As nouns the difference between thesis and theses, derived terms, related terms, external links.

What's the opposite of Meaning of the word Words that rhyme with Sentences with the word Translate to Find Words Use * for blank tiles (max 2) Use * for blank spaces Find the of Pronounce the word in Find Names     Appearance ✓ Use device theme   ✓ Dark theme ✓ Light theme ? ? Here's the word you're looking for. The plural form of thesis is . Use * for blank tiles (max 2) Use * for blank spaces Leuthner was fiercely attacked for his at the time by social democratic leader Karl Kautsky. Today, most universities require their students to submit electronic and dissertations for their graduation. This synthesis is based on public domain data, including published papers, and dissertations. They can continue classes or use the research as their master's and doctoral dissertations. The book is a compilation of doctoral candidates' dissertations and . Many scientists, including people writing doctoral , had access to the bones, and they were laboriously studied. bottom_desktop desktop:[300x250] go Word Tools Finders & Helpers Apps More Synonyms Copyright WordHippo © 2024 Britannica Homepage Ask the Editor Word of the Day Core Vocabulary Most Popular Browse the Dictionary My Saved Words thesis (noun) She wrote her thesis on Renaissance Nativity scenes. a master's/doctoral thesis on the effects of global warming New evidence supports his thesis . We disagreed with the basic thesis of the report. The book's central thesis is that propaganda influences the masses in important ways. made up of people who have special knowledge, abilities, etc. ( ) About Us & Legal Info Partner Program Privacy Notice Terms of Use Pronunciation Symbols Look up a word, learn it forever. Other forms: theses A thesis is the most important or foundational idea of an argument. If the thesis of your paper is that chocolate ice cream is better than vanilla, you'll need to back that up with plenty of sundae-based research. The noun thesis has more than one important sense to it. One definition of thesis is that it is the most important or foundational idea of an argument, presentation, or piece of writing. But it can also mean a large work of art, criticism, or scientific research that represents original research and is generally the final requirement for an academic degree. noun an unproved statement put forward as a premise in an argument see more see less type of: assumption , premise , premiss a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn noun a treatise advancing a new point of view resulting from research; usually a requirement for an advanced academic degree synonyms: dissertation see more see less type of: tractate , treatise a formal exposition Vocabulary lists containing thesis A thorough survey of various textbooks, assignments, content area standards, and examinations yields the following list of words compiled by Jim Burke . You cannot expect to succeed on assignments if you do not understand the directions. Persuade yourself to study this list of words related to argumentative writing. You'll learn all about making claims, supporting arguments with evidence, and maintaining an objective tone. It's no fallacy that reviewing these words will improve your credibility as a writer. To improve your fluency in English Language Arts and Reading (ELAR), learn this academic vocabulary list that includes words selected from the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) state standards. Sign up now (it’s free!) Whether you’re a teacher or a learner, vocabulary.com can put you or your class on the path to systematic vocabulary improvement.. is   Plural is   Plural Dictionary Plural Rules Is thesis plural Thesis is singular singular both plural and singular singular plural plural both plural and singular both plural and singular plural . The plural singular singular singular plural singular plural plural plural of thesis is theses . How to say thesis: How to pronounce thesis How to say theses: How to pronounce theses Cite This Source Not sure why thesis is singular singular both singular plural plural both both plural ?   Contact Us !   We'll explain. 1.  What makes words plural? 2.  What makes a word singular? 3.  How to make acronyms plural. addas unappallingly youthhood hyperlipaemic micher outsmiled brackebuschite unaligned thingamabob indivertibly Plural Quiz What is the plural of SOS ? Take the Quiz is   Plural, Plural or Singular, is   Plural Dictionary, and is   Singular are all trademarks of Plural Of. About Us   |   Terms   |   Privacy   |   Contact © 2024 Plural Of. All rights reserved. Terms   |   Privacy   |   Contact Cambridge Dictionary +Plus Meaning of theses in English Examples of theses. Word of the Day Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio a member of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Fakes and forgeries (Things that are not what they seem to be) Learn more with +Plus Recent and Recommended {{#preferredDictionaries}} {{name}} {{/preferredDictionaries}} Definitions Clear explanations of natural written and spoken English English Learner’s Dictionary Essential British English Essential American English Grammar and thesaurus Usage explanations of natural written and spoken English Grammar Thesaurus Pronunciation British and American pronunciations with audio English Pronunciation English–Chinese (Simplified) Chinese (Simplified)–English English–Chinese (Traditional) Chinese (Traditional)–English English–Dutch Dutch–English English–French French–English English–German German–English English–Indonesian Indonesian–English English–Italian Italian–English English–Japanese Japanese–English English–Norwegian Norwegian–English English–Polish Polish–English English–Portuguese Portuguese–English English–Spanish Spanish–English English–Swedish Swedish–English Dictionary +Plus Word Lists All translations To add theses to a word list please sign up or log in. Add theses to one of your lists below, or create a new one. {{message}} Something went wrong. There was a problem sending your report. Words and phrases Personal account. Access or purchase personal subscriptions Get our newsletter Save searches Set display preferences Institutional access Sign in with library card Sign in with username / password Recommend to your librarian Institutional account management Sign in as administrator on Oxford Academic thesis noun Hide all quotations What does the noun thesis mean? There are seven meanings listed in OED's entry for the noun thesis . See ‘Meaning & use’ for definitions, usage, and quotation evidence. thesis has developed meanings and uses in subjects including Entry status OED is undergoing a continuous programme of revision to modernize and improve definitions. This entry has not yet been fully revised. How common is the noun thesis ? How is the noun thesis pronounced? British english, u.s. english, where does the noun thesis come from. Earliest known use Middle English The earliest known use of the noun thesis is in the Middle English period (1150—1500). OED's earliest evidence for thesis is from before 1398, in a translation by John Trevisa, translator. thesis is a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Greek θέσις . Nearby entries thesaurus, n. 1823– thesaury, n. a1639–1708 these, n. a1600–48 these, pron. & adj. Old English– Thesean, adj. 1815– Theseid, n. 1725– Theseium, n. 1819– these-like, adj. 1644– thesial, adj. 1654 thesicle, n. 1863– thesis, n. a1398– thesis-novel, n. 1934– thesis-play, n. 1902– thesmophilist, n. 1644– Thesmophorian, adj. 1891– Thesmophoric, adj. 1788– thesmothete, n. 1603– thesocyte, n. 1887– thesp, n. 1962– Thespian, adj. & n. 1675– Thespianism, n. 1914– Thank you for visiting Oxford English Dictionary To continue reading, please sign in below or purchase a subscription. After purchasing, please sign in below to access the content. Meaning & use Pronunciation, compounds & derived words, entry history for thesis, n.. thesis, n. was first published in 1912; not yet revised. thesis, n. was last modified in December 2023. Revision of the OED is a long-term project. Entries in oed.com which have not been revised may include: corrections and revisions to definitions, pronunciation, etymology, headwords, variant spellings, quotations, and dates; new senses, phrases, and quotations which have been added in subsequent print and online updates. Revisions and additions of this kind were last incorporated into thesis, n. in December 2023. Earlier versions of this entry were published in: OED First Edition (1912) Find out more OED Second Edition (1989) View thesis in OED Second Edition Please submit your feedback for thesis, n. Please include your email address if you are happy to be contacted about your feedback. OUP will not use this email address for any other purpose. Citation details Factsheet for thesis, n., browse entry. Monday, 01 July For the culture: Soweto streetwear brand Thesis celebrates 19 years of consistency, evolution As we wrap up Youth Month in the country, streetwear brand Thesis Lifestyle marked 19 years since its inception.  In the 2000s, streetwear was popular in big cities and townships, and the music on high rotation made it famous. Brands like Magents and Loxion Kulca were on the frontlines of local streetwear fashion then. Speed, scenery, and thrills: SA's soon-to-be longest-ever zipline and 6 other scenic rides Bigger and better turbodiesel engines for GWM's P-Series bakkie Kanye West ignites rumour mill as the rapper is spotted in Russia's capital Tyla and Makhadzi's BET Awards triumph: South African stars secure top honours PHOTOS | Eyeing the crown: Meet Miss World SA's top 10 finalists Indulge in the finer things News24's first edition of our new magazine is curated for those who understand luxury and want to celebrate the richness of life. Can you ace them all? Today’s crossword, wordflower, sudoku and weekly news quiz Contact the public editor with feedback for our journalists, complaints, queries or suggestions about articles on News24. Sommelier - Bi-weekly A new bi-weekly newsletter by wine editor Daléne Fourie. The newsletter will serve as a guide for those who make wine, those who want to learn more about wine, and those who simply just love wine. Wrong On Timing, Right On Thesis: Why MP Materials Is Still A Strong Buy MP Materials' stock has fallen since April, despite its critical role in rare earth supply chains. The company remains well-positioned for future growth due to its strong production capabilities. A robust balance sheet and high-quality production offer resilience. The long-term bullish thesis remains strong. With a low valuation and significant short interest, MP Materials holds substantial upside potential. Investors should consider the stock's high-risk, high-reward nature for future gains. Looking for more investing ideas like this one? Get them exclusively at iREIT® on Alpha. Learn More » Douglas Rissing Introduction On April 15, I wrote an article titled " MP Materials: Securing America's Future With Massive Short Squeeze Potential. " It was one of three bullish articles I have written since I started covering MP Materials ( NYSE: MP ) on July 6, 2023. While I am very happy with the way things are going, I have some calls that are going against me. As the title of this article suggests, MP Materials is one of them. Since April 15, MP shares are down 21%, lagging the S&P 500 by roughly 29 points. In fact, MP shares are down to less than $13, which is barely above the price it had when it went public through a SPAC deal in 2020 . Please note that the share count has been fairly consistent during these years, with an increase from 170.7 million to 178.1 million shares. After peaking at roughly $60 in 2022, the stock has been in a nonstop downtrend, falling to a current market cap of $2.1 billion. In this article, I'll focus on recent developments and explain why I stick to my bullish thesis, believing that MP Materials will play a major role in the next economic upswing, which could surprise a lot of bearish investors, as the stock has a 23% short interest ratio. It also helps that the company presented at multiple conferences, which gives us a lot of important comments and data to work with. So, let's dive into the details! It's A Long-Term Secular Trend, Which Makes It So Tough In investing, it's tough to assess when a thesis is "wrong." When trading, it's much easier. If you execute, let's say, ten trades a day and five of them lose money on a given day, you were wrong five times. The same goes for betting on sports. Let's say you bet on the Chicago Cubs to beat the Milwaukee Brewers on a Sunday afternoon. It will take you roughly 3 hours to find out whether you were right or not - especially because baseball games don't have ties. It's either win or lose. Anyway, when investing, I believe it's much harder to come to a conclusion about whether a thesis is right or wrong, with the biggest factor being the duration of a thesis. For example, the MP Materials thesis isn't about the company reporting good earnings next year. The MP Materials thesis is about owning a very cheap company that has become critical in various supply chains due to the production of highly valuable rare earths. This is what I wrote in my prior article (emphasis added): Despite recent setbacks, MP Materials stands at the forefront of a crucial industry, supplying rare earth materials essential for modern technologies . With a strategic focus on expanding its operations and serving diverse markets, including automotive and defense, the company is poised to capitalize on increasing demand . As global economic indicators signal a rebound , MP's undervalued position presents an opportunity for investors seeking high-growth prospects. While I believe my long-term thesis remains valid, I was wrong about the timing. That's something I cannot sugarcoat - not even if I tried really hard. I was mainly wrong in the last paragraph of the quote above; cyclical economic growth did not maintain upside momentum. As we can see below, the ISM Manufacturing Index went back below 50, with very weak new orders. This sent a clear signal to the market that cyclical demand will remain weak. As bullish as I am on rare earths, this does not help. It's the biggest component of uncertainty in my thesis. With that said, the company remains in a great spot, as it is more focused on its main task, which is benefiting from strong long-term secular growth and the increasing importance of becoming independent from China. The Bull Case Remains Solid During the latest JPMorgan Energy, Power, and Renewables Conference, the company reminded everyone of its humble beginnings. Starting with just eight employees, the company has become a major player in the rare earth production supply chain outside of China, operating in three strategic stages: Production of rare earth concentrate. Refinement into NdPr oxide (a crucial material for high-powered magnets). The final stage of magnet production in Fort Worth. This stage is expected to achieve EBITDA positivity in the current year. MP Materials It currently has the capacity to produce more than 40 thousand tons of rare earth concentrate on an annual basis from its Mountain Pass mine, which is where the company gets its name. This production capacity not only supports existing demand but also positions the company to capitalize on future growth in electrified motion supply chains, including electric vehicles, wind turbines, industrial motors, robotics, and defense, which is increasingly important in a world of rapid technological advances with increasing geopolitical risks. Having said that, "nobody" likes EV suppliers anymore. I'm obviously painting with a broad brush here, but since major auto producers started to focus on hybrids again instead of pushing for a fully electric future, the stock prices of major supplies have suffered. The good news is that just a quarter of MP Materials' demand comes from EVs, an industry that is still expected to grow, albeit at a slower pace than previously assumed. The remaining 75% comes from sectors like HVAC, wind energy, and industrial applications. It also helps that 80% of global rare earth production is dominated by China. This helps MP because it puts tremendous emphasis on proven domestic suppliers. Even better, Mountain Pass has an ore concentration of more than 6%. The average concentration in China is 1-2%. This means it is much more cost-effective for MP to produce. Hence, even in this environment, MP is very upbeat about expanding its production, as it aims to use its balance sheet, which has (roughly) $1 billion in cash and $1 billion in debt, to increase production by roughly 50% to 60 thousand tons. Regarding its debt, the company has just $14 million in net debt, which shields its balance sheet against current pricing headwinds. Speaking of pricing headwinds, looking at the company's 1Q24 numbers, we see strong production numbers, but a decline in realized pricing, as REO prices are more than 50% lower compared to Q1'23. This is what the company said regarding price stability in its Q1'24 earnings call: Our realized price of REO in concentrate declined to $4,294 per metric ton due to the overall weak market pricing in rare earth materials. As we look at Q2, should prices hold in the mid-$50 per kilogram range for NdPr, we would expect pricing to be down mid-single-digit percentages sequentially as we deal with the slight lag in price realizations. [...] With Q1 sales prices, primarily based off fourth quarter market indices. As such, we expect Q2's realized prices to decline approximately 20% of following the trend we saw in market prices for Q1 over Q4. - MP Q1'24 Earnings Call We see some green shoots with recent price action, but the trajectory to a market recovery is, of course, outside of our knowledge and/or control. As I've noted though, I strongly suspect that most of Chinese industry is losing money at these prices. - MP Q1'24 Earnings Call In other words, while pricing is an issue for MP, it benefits from a healthy balance sheet and high-quality production. If Chinese producers are losing money at current prices - which is likely - we can assume a very strong rebound in pricing the moment cyclical demand improves. After all, it takes time to boost output. Unless China is mass-subsidizing unprofitable mines, this bodes very well for future pricing. This is a tricky part. After all, nobody knows what pricing will look like in the months and years ahead. If we get a cyclical growth recovery, we could be looking at much higher estimates. Currently, analysts expect the company to boost EPS from a loss of $0.10 in 2024 to a profit of $1.37 in 2026. When I wrote my April article, analysts expected these numbers to be positive $0.13 and $1.51, respectively. The good news is that the bar is now so low that even a 10x multiple would give us a $13.70 stock price, which is 8% above the current price and based on a very poor pricing environment. FAST Graphs A 20x multiple would get us a 115% premium ($27.4 price). As such, I continue to stick to a Strong Buy rating, expecting MP to be one of the market's biggest winners the moment cyclical demand accompanies favorable secular growth tailwinds. Once that happens, the massive short interest could add significant momentum. With all of this in mind, I will also stick to what I wrote in April with regard to the risk profile: Needless to say, this is a high-risk, high-reward trading idea that should not be compared to the long-term (dividend) investments we usually discuss. So, please be aware of the volatile nature of this stock before you decide if MP is right for your portfolio. Despite a challenging performance for MP Materials since my last update, my bullish thesis remains intact. The company's strategic role in the rare earth supply chain and its impressive production capabilities position it well for future growth. While short-term market dynamics have been unfavorable, I believe MP's strong balance sheet and operational strengths provide a solid foundation for long-term success. The current low valuation, combined with a high short interest, suggests significant upside potential when cyclical demand rebounds. However, investors should be aware of the elevated high-risk, high-reward nature of this stock, which comes with much more volatility than the usual dividend growth stocks we discuss in my articles. The pros and cons remain unchanged. Pros & Cons Dominance in Rare Earth Supply : MP Materials holds a significant market share in rare earth concentrate, positioning itself as a key player in global supply. Diverse Customer Base : Serving a wide range of industries, including automotive and defense, MP is able to lower revenue volatility. Expansion Plans : With initiatives like the Upstream 60K program, MP is aggressively expanding its production capacity. Low-Cost Production : Thanks to very efficient operations, MP is profitable when (some) peers are losing money. National Security Importance : As the sole rare earth mining and processing facility in the US, MP contributes to national security by reducing dependency on foreign sources. Volatility : MP's stock has shown significant volatility, making it a high-risk investment prone to major market fluctuations. Cyclical Demand : The company's performance is closely tied to cyclical demand trends, which can affect short-term profitability. Speculative Nature : MP's stock is subject to speculation, with a short float of over 20%, indicating the potential for volatile price movements. Dependency on External Factors : MP's success is dependent on factors like global economic conditions and regulatory changes, adding uncertainty to investment outcomes. Test Drive iREIT© on Alpha For FREE (for 2 Weeks) Join iREIT on Alpha today to get the most in-depth research that includes REITs, mREITs, Preferreds, BDCs, MLPs, ETFs, and other income alternatives. 438 testimonials and most are 5 stars. Nothing to lose with our FREE 2-week trial . And this offer includes a 2-Week FREE TRIAL plus Brad Thomas' FREE book . This article was written by Leo Nelissen is an analyst focusing on major economic developments related to supply chains, infrastructure, and commodities. He is a contributing author for iREIT® on Alpha . As a member of the iREIT® on Alpha team, Leo aims to provide insightful analysis and actionable investment ideas, with a particular emphasis on dividend growth opportunities. Learn More . Analyst’s Disclosure: I/we have no stock, option or similar derivative position in any of the companies mentioned, and no plans to initiate any such positions within the next 72 hours. I wrote this article myself, and it expresses my own opinions. I am not receiving compensation for it (other than from Seeking Alpha). I have no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article. Seeking Alpha's Disclosure: Past performance is no guarantee of future results. No recommendation or advice is being given as to whether any investment is suitable for a particular investor. Any views or opinions expressed above may not reflect those of Seeking Alpha as a whole. Seeking Alpha is not a licensed securities dealer, broker or US investment adviser or investment bank. Our analysts are third party authors that include both professional investors and individual investors who may not be licensed or certified by any institute or regulatory body. Recommended For You About mp stock. Symbol Last Price % Chg Related Stocks Symbol Last Price % Chg MP - - Trending Analysis Trending news. To revisit this article, visit My Profile, then View saved stories . What Is Cinema? I Taught the Taylor Swift Class at Harvard. Here’s My Thesis L ast fall I told Harvard’s English Department that I planned to offer a class this spring on Taylor Swift . No one objected; Harvard professors like me get lots of latitude in confecting electives as long as we also offer the bread-and-butter material our majors need. (Most of my work is poetry-related; I also teach our regular undergrad course about literary form, from Beowulf on.) I’d call my new class Taylor Swift and Her World , as in: We’d read and listen to other artists and authors (part of her world). But also as in: It’s her world; we just live in it. I’ve been living in it ever since. I thought I’d be teaching a quiet seminar: 20-odd Swifties around a big oak table, examining and appreciating her career, from her debut to Midnights , alongside her influences, from Carole King (see her Rock & Roll Hall of Fame speech) to William Wordsworth (see “The Lakes” from Folklore ). We would track her echoes and half rhymes, her arrangements and collaborations and allusions, her hooks and her choruses. We might sing along. We’d learn why “You Belong With Me” relies so much on its with ( you don’t belong to me, nor I to you ). We’d learn how the unease in “Tolerate It” speaks to its time signature (5/4). Maybe some English majors would get into songwriting. Maybe some Swifties would leave with old poems in their heads. To be fair, almost all those things have now happened. We did sing along. Some undergrads learned to love the 18th-century poet and satirist Alexander Pope, or at least to pretend they did: Pope’s “Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot” depicts his exasperation with superfans, false friends, and haters in ways rarely equaled until Reputation. We cracked open Easter eggs, and we studied her rhythms. But we couldn’t fit around a table. At one point 300 students signed up for the class; almost 200 ended up taking it. We met in a concert hall on campus, with a grand piano at center stage. I gave what I hope were engaging lectures, with pauses for questions, and stage props: a melodica, or a cuddly stuffed snake (for the snake motifs on Reputation ). We had theater lights, and balcony seats, and the kind of big screen few humanities classrooms now need. Harvard English Professor Stephanie Burt teaches the course “Taylor Swift and Her World.” And we had eyes on us from outside the room. One user on Twitter (now officially X) “leaked” our syllabus as if we had kept a Hollywood secret. Students put clips (with our okay) on TikTok. And we had reporters—daily, for weeks—asking to visit. We ended up inviting the Today show, whose camera-ready journalist Emilie Ikeda listened admirably to our undergrads. My teaching assistants, our students, and I spoke with the BBC. And with TMZ. And with Australian public radio. And with broadcast TV news in Boston, and Boise, and Sacramento, and NPR and RTE (Irish public broadcasting), and with journalists from Brazil, Chile, the People’s Republic of China, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, India, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Singapore, Spain, and Sweden. We learned, in other words, that Swift attracts attention: That attention amplifies things about her, even without her. Teaching the class sometimes felt like one more of Swift’s vaunted collaborations, another multimedia performance involving reporters, and students, and her. Journalists asked if Swift would visit. (She’d be welcome, but she’s got a lot going on.) They asked what I wanted students to learn. (How to think about works of art.) And they asked if Harvard resisted a course on a celebrity. (We read dead people too, like Pope and James Weldon Johnson and Willa Cather. Who were, in their own time, celebrities.) If I had—and have—a thesis about Swift’s work as a whole, here it is: She’s excelled as a songwriter and as a performer by staying both aspirational and relatable. Swifties and casual fans see parts of ourselves in her, but we also see someone we wish we could be. Her first few albums made the pairing clear: Songs like “Fifteen” and “You Belong With Me” spoke to common high school crushes and heartbreaks. At the same time, they let listeners look up to her. Not only did she put into words what so many fans felt but could not express so crisply, she seemed lucky, even enviable, while doing it. She sang about senior boys who might stop you in hallways, “wink at you and say, ‘You know, I haven’t seen you around before,’ ” not about bullies who might shove you in bins; she wrote about feeling excluded by classmates, but also about her attentive, affectionate mother, who took her to “drive until we found a town far enough away / And we talk and window shop till I’ve forgotten all their names.” No wonder so many people—especially girls her age and younger—saw in her both a peer and an ideal. When our class entered her pop era, her post-teenage stardom from 1989 on, my thesis hit a snag. We saw how the woman who clearly enjoyed the lights, who sang “we never go out of style” and dated Harry Styles, remained aspirational. But what made these versions of Swift relatable? One answer: Like any great writer in any medium, she has a talent for framing common emotions, for crystallizing nostalgia, lust, and regret. If we’ve felt them, she lets us feel them anew. Another answer, though, arose on the classroom’s wood floor, or perhaps at its grand piano. Swift sings about life onstage, about her wish and even need to sparkle, bejeweled, whether or not she likes her dating life. Even when she tries to find some privacy, she can’t stop thinking that other people are watching, “drama queens taking swings” (“Call It What You Want”). Some nights she feels like a giant, or a monster, as she put it in “Anti-Hero.” She can look at the crowd but never in the mirror and knows she has to perform. She knows she needs us even more than we need her, even when she gets “tired of being known” (“Dorothea”): She’ll do many things not to feel alone. She can even do it with a broken heart. So could we, I realized. So could I. At a college famous for being famous, in front of what—for most humanities teachers—counts as a crowd, I could layer my own need for approval, my wish that students would choose me (or my favorite writers), and my own impostor syndrome over Swift’s, and see that my dreams weren’t rare. I saw myself, not in her talents but in her anxieties, one more child for whom, as she put it lately, “growing up precocious sometimes means not growing up at all.” Some of our students, I think, could sympathize too, in the pressure chambers and dens of precocity that make up Harvard: They too might think—as songs like “Nothing New,” like “Castles Crumbling,” like “ Clara Bow ” imply—that no kudos would suffice, no A+ would be enough. Fortunately I did not have to feel that way—much less to study Swift—on my own. Though I devised the syllabus with help from head teaching assistant MJ Cunniff, the teaching itself was a team affair: myself and MJ and nine discussion section leaders, from Harvard’s Music and American Studies departments and Harvard Law School and from Northeastern and Tufts and Brown universities. MJ gave a lecture that tied Swift to Sylvia Plath, prompting a passel of essays about her verse. Other discussion leaders explicated chord changes on guitar; explained the dialectology in “country” and “pop” voices; and unpacked the Swift–Kanye–Kim Kardashian spat, with videos. As Swift does on her songs, we brought in guest stars too. The critic and songwriter Franklin Bruno explained why pop songs often (and folk songs almost never) have bridges. Bryan West, USA Today ’s Swift beat reporter, flew to Boston to meet us. Dani and Olivia from the great fan podcast Taylearning conducted a survey for students, then visited us in person to break down the data. Fashion historian Chloe Chapin analyzed Swift’s outfits; law school prof Rebecca Tushnet demystified copyright. Ours was hardly this year’s sole college class on Swift: If I teach it again—and I hope I can—I’ll compare notes first with professors of English, communication, economics, music, and more, from Ghent University in Belgium, the University of Texas at Austin, TCU, Westfield State, and the University of Kansas. I’ll also learn from the mixed reviews students gave me: A few dozen (to quote Swift’s “Cardigan”) said I was their favorite and they would gladly come back to (more courses with) me. A few dozen more students found me hard to follow (I could have used, should have used, bullet points on slides). In our final week we asked students to tell us—anonymously—their favorite and least favorite aspects of class. What did they consider the course’s best parts? Our out-of-town guests, and teaching assistants’ guest lectures. Apparently Taylor Swift and Her World reached its new heights when I sat down, shut up, and just listened. Like all classes, it didn’t belong to me; it belonged with the students who chose to be there. The artist who wrote “Long Live” for her band, who encouraged fans to make friendship bracelets, who knows how we need one another, might have approved. More Great Stories From Vanity Fair Everything You Missed at the First Presidential Debate Palace Insiders on the Monarchy’s Difficult Year Inside the  Titan Sub Recovery : A Hopeful Rescue Turned Tragic Mission The Best Movies of 2024 , So Far Why You Can’t Look Away From the Karen Read Trial Putin Is Banking On a Trump Win for His New World Order What Is Cinema? Filmmaking Masters Share Their Secrets Stephanie Burt Royal watch. By signing up you agree to our User Agreement and Privacy Policy & Cookie Statement . This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. IVP’s Tom Loverro on why startups need to seize this moment Alright, startups: The coast is clear.  More or less. Tom Loverro is calling the bottom, give or take half a year.  “I don’t need to call the exact bottom, because startups need to anticipate,” says Loverro, a general partner at VC firm IVP. Whether the bottom is actually six months from now or tomorrow doesn’t matter, he says. The point is things aren’t going to get much worse. For founders, that means it’s time to “go out there, land grab, and beat your competition.” Loverro, whose investments include Coinbase , Datadog , and HashiCorp, has a penchant for predictions. In January 2023 , he declared that a “mass extinction event” was coming for startups. Data suggests he was onto something: In 2023 alone, about 3,000 startups shuttered globally, according to PitchBook estimates. Carta data (often cited, though an imperfect one-to-one) places the number of shuttered startups at 467 for all of 2022.  If the phrase “mass extinction” evokes dinosaurs and asteroids, we’re now in the moment where the worst of the damage has been done—and survivors are poking their heads out of the rubble to scan the landscape. In Loverro-terms, we’re entering a “Great Reawakening” for startups, and founders have to shift out of defensive mode and start getting “reasonably aggressive” to take advantage of a new environment.  “We’re in this time that’s kind of not a boom and not a bust,” said Loverro, who published his Great Reawakening thesis on social media last week . “We have to get out of our Stockholm Syndrome, and get back to thinking: ‘Hey, maybe it’s okay if my startup burns a little more money.’ On average, now I have to convince other directors: ‘You know what? Let’s be a little aggressive again.’ There’s still some fear around the table.” Loverro’s advice for startup CEOs: Set up performance-based budgets; work on your next AI-fueled act; quickly increase investment in what’s working and scrap what’s not working with similar speed.  I’ve been wondering why I find Loverro’s perspective so compelling, and I think it comes down to this: He’s essentially talking about human nature. You put your hand on the stove, you get burned, you think twice about what you do next.  The trick with building startups, of course, is that it’s inherently a painful endeavor—so it sometimes requires consciously going against the natural instinct to avoid pain. Loverro cites small business-focused software company Podium as an example of one startup that had to make tough changes, like slashing operating expenses and reducing the size of its sales team. But now, Podium’s back in growth mode.   I got in touch with Podium CEO Eric Rea and ran my human nature-stove thesis by him.   “I totally agree, I think everybody’s once bitten, twice shy,” said Rea. “So, it feels weird to go back and say: ‘Hey, we’re going to take a big risk, and we’re going to invest in this thing that’s new.’ That didn’t pan out for a lot of companies in 2021, and I say that as someone who’s done it, who’s touched the stove.” The current AI frenzy is the latest test of this fundamental tension for startups, pitting the natural human instinct to avoid pain with the need to adapt and capitalize on market conditions. To some, the booming investments in AI startups are an example of the industry obstinately refusing to learn lessons; setting itself up for another big burn. But to Loverro, that’s not a bug of the venture industry—it’s a time-honored feature. “The venture narrative is the boom and the bustling—the dotcom era to the dotbomb era, great crashes, extinction events,” said Loverro.  “Somebody will say: ‘But AI is crazy expensive, you VCs still don’t have a clue. Did you learn any lessons?’ And I’ll say: ‘Name a year where there wasn’t some obsession.’ That’s part of the cycle, where we have something we’re obsessed with. That’s actually normal for venture capital.” If Loverro is right and the season for startups is changing, it’s time to reach for the stove again—and, if you’re lucky, maybe you’ve even got some oven mitts.  Scoop… A key xAI employee has left the Elon Musk-led company and rejoined OpenAI, my colleague Jessica Mathews reported. Read the whole story here .  ICYMI… Kleiner Perkins has raised north of $2 billion across two new funds . See you tomorrow, Allie Garfinkle Twitter: @agarfinks Email: [email protected] Submit a deal for the Term Sheet newsletter here . Joe Abrams curated the deals section of today’s newsletter. VENTURE DEALS - Rohlik Group , a Prague, Czech Republic-based grocery delivery company, raised $170 million in funding. The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development led the round and was joined by existing investors Sofina , Index Ventures , Quadrille , TCF Capital , and others. - N-Power Medicine , a Redwood City, Calif.-based clinical research and drug development platform, raised $72 million in Series B funding. ​​ Merck Global Health Innovation Fund led the round and was joined by others. - ZeroEyes , a Philadelphia, Pa.-based developer of AI gun detection software for security cameras, raised $53 million in Series B funding. Sorenson Capital led the round and was joined by Intel Capital , BroadLight Capital , and existing investors.  - illumex , a Tel Aviv, Israel-based enterprise data platform, raised $13 million in seed funding. Cardumen Capital , Amdocs Ventures , and Samsung Ventures led the round and were joined by ICI Fund , Jibe Ventures , Iron Nation Fund , and others. - Feather , a Berlin, Germany-based insurance startup designed for European expats, raised €6 million ($6.4 million) in funding. Keen Venture Partners led the round and was joined by Plural and others.  - Cinven acquired a stake in idealista , a Madrid, Spain-based online real estate classifieds platform, from Oakley Capital for €2.9 billion ($3.1 billion). - iA Financial Group acquired Vericity , a Chicago, Ill.-based life insurance provider, from J.C. Flowers & Co . for approximately $170 million.  FUNDS + FUNDS OF FUNDS - Freeflow Ventures , a Pasadena, Calif.-based venture capital firm, raised $50 million across two funds focused on companies developing science-based solutions to challenges in human and planetary health. - 10D , a Tel Aviv, Israel-based venture capital firm, hired Alon Kantor as partner. Formerly, he was with Check Point . Latest in Newsletters Europe’s privacy laws put Meta in a tight spot. Now its antitrust laws are going in for the kill Kitsch’s CEO started out selling handmade hair ties. Now she runs a viral haircare brand known for plastic-free shampoo bars How Thomson Reuters’ chief people officer sold employees on AI How Carvana’s CFO helped power a stock turnaround that is ‘nothing short of remarkable’ Whole Foods CEO on getting employees to support your vision and what to know before entering the corner office Most popular. Patagonia became famous for letting staff cut out early to chase waves—now it’s asking dozens of employees to relocate or leave because it’s 300% overstaffed Lumber prices are plunging. Blame the record drop in U.S. housing affordability and a post-pandemic double bubble ‘hangover’ This decades-long trend in home prices has been ‘flipped on its head’ amid a big shift in the housing market Nvidia will produce such a massive ‘cash gusher’ that it will have to buy back more stock because all that money has nowhere else to go, analyst says Gen Zers are so disillusioned with the economy that they think it’s OK to commit fraud The owner of Redbox DVD kiosks just filed for bankruptcy, saying results ‘failed to meet management’s expectations’ 154 IMAGES Plural of Thesis: A Quick Guide for English Learners What is the plural of thesis? plural of Thesis What's the Plural of Thesis? (Thesises? Theses?) What's the Plural of Thesis? (Thesises? Theses?) WHAT IS A THESIS? noun, plural the·ses1.a proposition stated or put VIDEO How to select thesis topic? #thesistopic #mds #mdslife What Is a master's Thesis (5 Characteristics of an A Plus Thesis) What is a thesis Statement Formatting Plural Numbers in APA Style Linden What Is a Thesis? COMMENTS The Plural of Thesis The noun "thesis" has a Greek root, which is the derivation of the plural "theses." There is no alternative English plural form. The noun "thesis" adheres to the standard rules for forming the plurals of nouns in English (shown in the table below). What Is the Plural of Thesis Thesis becomes theses in plural form for two reasons: 1) The word thesis has a Greek root, and theses is how it is pluralized in that original language. 2) There are many English words ending with -is that take on -es endings when pluralized: e.g., crisis becomes crises. The pluralization isn't all that unique. Thesis Definition & Meaning The meaning of THESIS is a dissertation embodying results of original research and especially substantiating a specific view; especially : one written by a candidate for an academic degree. ... But a thesis may also be an idea; so in the course of the paper the student may put forth several theses (notice the plural form) and attempt to prove ... What's the Plural of Thesis? (Thesises? Theses?) What's the plural of "thesis"? Thesis, (and its plural theses) is an example of one of the many common English words that has roots elsewhere. In this case, thesis is a word that has roots all the way back to Ancient Greek. Like other similarly structured words: diagnosis, synthesis, analysis, oasis, crisis, nemesis and the like, thesis is by no means the only frequently used Greek word ... THESIS THESIS definition: 1. a long piece of writing on a particular subject, especially one that is done for a higher…. Learn more. THESIS Definition & Meaning Thesis definition: a proposition stated or put forward for consideration, especially one to be discussed and proved or to be maintained against objections. See examples of THESIS used in a sentence. Plural of Thesis: A Quick Guide for English Learners A thesis is a statement or proposition that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or proved. It is a crucial element of academic writing and is often required for a degree or certification. The plural of thesis is "theses.". In English, most nouns form the plural by adding an "s" at the end. Whats the Plural of Thesis: Understanding Singular and Plural Forms The plural of "thesis" adheres to the Greek-rooted pattern, changing the singular -is to a plural -es. Accurate use of "thesis" and "theses" reflects scholarly precision in both written and oral communication. Awareness of correct pluralization extends to other similar nouns ending in -sis, emphasizing the importance of ... thesis thesis (plural theses) ( rhetoric) A proposition or statement supported by arguments. (by extension) A lengthy essay written to establish the validity of a thesis (sense 1.1), especially one submitted in order to complete the requirements for a non- doctoral degree in the US and a doctoral degree in the UK; a dissertation . thesis noun (plural theses /ˈθiːsiːz/ ... thesis (that…) a statement or an opinion that is discussed in a logical way and presented with evidence in order to prove that it is true. The basic thesis of the book is fairly simple. These latest findings support the thesis that sexuality is determined by nature rather than choice. THESIS definition in American English thesis in American English. (ˈθisɪs) noun Word forms: plural -ses (-siz) 1. a proposition stated or put forward for consideration, esp. one to be discussed and proved or to be maintained against objections. He vigorously defended his thesis on the causes of war. 2. a subject for a composition or essay. 3. THESES THESES definition: 1. plural of thesis 2. plural of thesis . Learn more. THESIS THESIS meaning: 1. a long piece of writing on a particular subject, especially one that is done for a higher…. Learn more. THESIS definition and meaning 7 meanings: 1. a dissertation resulting from original research, esp when submitted by a candidate for a degree or diploma 2. a.... Click for more definitions. Theses or Thesis Noun. ( theses ) A statement supported by arguments. A written essay, especially one submitted for a university degree. * Goldsmith. I told them of the grave, becoming, and sublime deportment they should assume upon this mystical occasion, and read them two homilies and a thesis of my own composing, to prepare them. (logic) An affirmation, or ... What is the plural of thesis? The plural form of thesis is theses . Find more words! They can continue classes or use the research as their master's theses and doctoral dissertations. Today, most universities require their students to submit electronic theses and dissertations for their graduation. This synthesis is based on public domain data, including published papers ... Thesis Definition & Meaning plural theses / ˈθiːˌsiːz/. Britannica Dictionary definition of THESIS. [count] 1. : a long piece of writing on a particular subject that is done to earn a degree at a university. She wrote her thesis on Renaissance Nativity scenes. a master's/doctoral thesis on the effects of global warming. 2. formal : a statement that someone wants to ... Thesis thesis: 1 n an unproved statement put forward as a premise in an argument Type of: assumption , premise , premiss a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn n a treatise advancing a new point of view resulting from research; usually a requirement for an advanced academic degree Synonyms: dissertation Type ... Is thesis plural? The singular plural plural singular plural plural singular plural singular of thesis is theses. How to say thesis: How to pronounce thesis. How to say theses: How to pronounce theses. Cite This Source. Not sure why thesis is singular both singular singular plural both plural plural both? Contact Us! We'll explain. THESES THESES meaning: 1. plural of thesis 2. plural of thesis . Learn more. thesis, n. meanings, etymology and more There are seven meanings listed in OED's entry for the noun thesis. See 'Meaning & use' for definitions, usage, and quotation evidence. thesis has developed meanings and uses in subjects including. prosody (Middle English) music (Middle English) rhetoric (late 1500s) logic (late 1500s) education (late 1700s) philosophy (1830s) Plural of thesis The plural of thesis is theses. The answer is: 👍. Helpful ( 0) 💡. Interesting ( 0) 😄. Funny ( 0) 🤔. For the culture: Soweto streetwear brand Thesis celebrates 19 ... As we wrap up Youth Month in the country, streetwear brand Thesis Lifestyle marked 19 years since its inception. In the 2000s, streetwear was popular in big cities and townships, and the music on high rotation made it famous. Brands like Magents and Loxion Kulca were on the frontlines of local streetwear fashion then. Western Carolina University Image from 2022 MFA Thesis Exhibition. Experience the culmination of three years of intense creative study and exploration in this exhibition, highlighting artwork from graduating MFA students at the WCU Belcher College School of Art and Design. The 2025 MFA Thesis Exhibition showcases work in various media and surveys a range of conceptual ... Wrong On Timing, Right On Thesis: Why MP Materials Is Still A Strong The long-term bullish thesis remains strong. With a low valuation and significant short interest, MP Materials holds substantial upside potential. Investors should consider the stock's high-risk ... I Taught the Taylor Swift Class at Harvard. Here's My Thesis Professor Stephanie Burt shares what she learned about the singer's stardom, relatability, and her own course at a college famous for being famous. IVP's Tom Loverro on why startups need to seize this moment Keen Venture Partners led the round and was joined by Plural and others. EXITS - Cinven acquired a stake in idealista , a Madrid, Spain-based online real estate classifieds platform, from Oakley ... PDF The Cosmos as a Uniting Pillar of Relationships: A Diné & Hózhó Perspective To this effort, this thesis seeks to answer the question of how research partnerships between Indigenous people, the Knowledge they carry, and the field of Aeronautics and Astronautics be ... • "A term applied in the plural that refers to a collective community of people identifying as being native or tribal to a landscape (note that this ... assignment essay homework phd report resume review speech thesis