In the United States Supreme Court case, (2018) ...
Name v. Name (Year)
(Name v. Name, Year).
The case ... (2019).
In , ... (2019).
(Name of Act, Year)
Name of Act (Year)
Today's healthcare system ... (Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, 2010).
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ... (2010)
Name v. Name, Volume U.S. Page (Year). URL
Florida v. Georgia, 138 U.S. 2502 (2018).
Decisions are published in the .
Reference: Name v. Name, Volume F. [or F.2d, F.3d, ...] Page (Court Year). URL
Blue Martini Kendall, LLC v. Miami Dade County, Florida, 816 F.11d 1343 (11th Circ. 2016). https:...
Decisions are published in the .
Reference: Name v. Name, Volume F. Supp. Page (Court Year). URL
Name v. Name, Volume Reporter Page (Court Year). URL
Lee Memorial Health System v. Progressive Select Insurance Company 17 FL So. 2d. 1993, (2019). https://www.floridasupremecourt.org/content/
Name of Act, Title Source § Section Number (Year). URL
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, 42 U.S.C. § 18001 (2010). https://uscode.house.gov/PACA
APA 7th Edition Citation Guide for Business Resources This guide provides examples for citing business databases such as IBISWorld, Mergent Online, S&P, and other non-traditional article databases.
APA 7th Edition Videos & Tutorials
References Part 1
References Part 2
APA 7th Edition: Set up an APA Format Paper in 6 Minutes | Scribbr
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How to Write a Literature Review: Writing a Literature Review in APA Format
APA Sample Paper Template This sample paper includes a title page, sample assignment page and references list in APA format. It can be used as a template to set up your assignment.
APA 7th Edition Student Sample Paper This example from Idaho State University presents guidelines for student papers following the American Psychological Association (APA) Publication Manual 7th edition.
Student APA 7th Edition Sample Paper Example of student APA 7th edition paper with notations from Antioch University Writing Center.
APA Headings If your instructor requires you to use APA style headings and sub-headings, this document will show you how they work. This sample demonstrates and describes how to use different levels of headings in APA format.
APA Sample Paper Template - with Appendix If you are adding an appendix to your paper there are a few rules to follow that comply with APA guidelines: The Appendix appears after the References list If you have more than one appendix you would name the first appendix Appendix A, the second Appendix B, etc. The appendices should appear in the order that the information is mentioned in your essay Each appendix begins on a new page
APA End of Paper Checklist
End of Paper Checklist Finished your assignment? Use this checklist to be sure you haven't missed any information needed for APA style.
Quick Rules for an APA Reference List
Your research paper ends with a list of all the sources cited in the text of the paper. Here are nine quick rules for this Reference list.
Start a new page for your Reference list. Centre the title, References, at the top of the page.
Double-space the list.
Start the first line of each reference at the left margin; indent each subsequent line five spaces (a hanging indent).
Put your list in alphabetical order. Alphabetize the list by the first word in the reference. In most cases, the first word will be the author’s last name. Where the author is unknown, alphabetize by the first word in the title, ignoring the words a, an, the.
For each author, give the last name followed by a comma and the first (and middle, if listed) initials followed by periods.
Italicize the titles of these works: books, audiovisual material, internet documents and newspapers, and the title and volume number of journals and magazines.
Do not italicize titles of most parts of works, such as: articles from newspapers, magazines, or journals / essays, poems, short stories or chapter titles from a book / chapters or sections of an Internet document.
In titles of non-periodicals (books, videotapes, websites, reports, poems, essays, chapters, etc), capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title and subtitle, and all proper nouns (names of people, places, organizations, nationalities).
If a web source (not from the library) is not a stable archived version, or you are unsure whether it is stable, include a statement of the accessed date before the link.
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Literature Review: Conducting & Writing
Sample Literature Reviews
Steps for Conducting a Lit Review
Finding "The Literature"
Organizing/Writing
APA Style This link opens in a new window
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Sample Lit Reviews from Communication Arts
Have an exemplary literature review.
Literature Review Sample 1
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Science Education: More about APA 7th Ed.
Books & the Catalog
Journal Search
Web Resources
Professional Organizations
Juvenile Books by Topic
Juvenile Books by Grade
Life Sciences
Earth Science
Physical Science
APA 7th Style Examples
More about APA 7th Ed.
Public Library Books
APA 7th Ed. Links
APA 7th ed. Style and Grammar Guidelines - Paper Format This web page highlights portions of Chapter 2 of APA Publication Manual, Seventh Edition and will help you with setting up the order, structure, and format of your paper.
APA 7th ed. Style and Grammar Guidelines In-Text Citations This web page highlights portions of chapter 8 of the APA Publication Manual, Seventh Edition and should help you with properly adding In-Text Citations to your paper.
EasyBib Guide to APA Format Papers In this guide, students and researchers can learn the basics of creating a properly formatted research paper according to APA guidelines. It includes information on how to conceptualize, outline, and format the basic structure of your paper, as well as practical tips on spelling, abbreviation, punctuation, and more. The guide concludes with a complete sample paper as well as a final checklist that writers can use to prepare their work for submission.
What’s New in the Publication Manual, Seventh Edition This PDF document from the publishers of APA highlight the changes in the 7th ed.
Six Steps to Proper Citation This PDF from APA 7th ed. is a visual reminder of what to include when citing in APA.
Quick Reference Guide, APA Style 7th Edition This PDF illustrates how to cite an Article, a Book, and a Chapter in an Edited Book.
Sample Annotated Student Paper in APA 7th ed. Style
APA 7th Edition Changes Cheat Sheet
Bias-free language
Guidelines are being added to use bias-free language when referring to people or entities. This means using the word “they” or “their” instead of gender pronouns like “he”, “she”, “his” and “her”.
References and citations
Website URLs no longer need to be preceded with “Retrieved from” unless there is also a retrieval date.
EBooks no longer require the type of eBook to be listed (e.g. PDF, Kindle etc)
Journal DOIs are now displayed as a doi.org URL instead of with the “DOI:” prefix.
The publisher location is no longer required for books or similar mediums.
Up to 20 authors can now be included in a reference list entry before needing to omit others with an ellipsis.
With in-text citations, any reference with more than three authors can now be shortened to the first author and et al.
Punctuation and layout
Titles are no longer needed in the header. This include the Running Head on the title page. Page numbers are still needed in the upper right corner of every page.
Headings are simplified. See this page of the APA website for details: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/headings
The 7th edition adds additional fonts: Calibri size 11pt, Arial 11pt, Lucida Sans Unicode 10pt, and Georgia 11pt in addition to Times New Roman 12pt.
Style Guide, citing in APA 7th edition This guide includes citation examples for a variety of sources, information on in-text citations, and a sample reference list.
APA 7 for Business This is a continuously updated document created by business librarians across the US to give citation examples for common business databases (Mintel, Business Source Premier, IBIS, etc.) and documents (reports, analysis, etc.).
Sample Student Paper 7th edition From APA Style Blog
View the APA Style website for additional style and grammar guidelines.
Basic APA Formatting Guidelines
Reference list entries are alphabetized by author’s last name or equivalent.
Reference lists are doubled spaced with a hanging indent after the first line of each entry
References (in bold) should appear at the top center of the page.
When referring to books, chapters, articles, or webpage titles , capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns
Narrative citation, if the author is mentioned in the sentence, place the year after the last name and the page number after the quote. Example: Furlong (2015) found that “direct quote” (p. 25)
More guidelines can be found in the PDF Style Guide, citing in APA 7th edition .
APA 7th Annotated Bibliography Examples
Journal article.
Alvarez, N. & Mearns, J. (2014). The benefits of writing and performing in the spoken word poetry community. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 41 (3), 263-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2014.03.004 Prior research has shown narrative writing to help with making meaning out of trauma. This article uses grounded theory to analyze semi-structured interviews with ten spoken word poets. Because spoken word poetry is performed live, it creates personal and community connections that enhance the emotional development and resolution offered by the practice of writing. The findings are limited by the small, nonrandom sample (all the participants were from the same community).
Resources on writing an APA style reference list, including citation formats
Other APA Resources
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Social work.
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Specific Examples/Applications of APA Style, 7th edition
Sample APA-Style Papers (7th edition)
The following links provide samples of student-paper formatting in APA's 7th edition style. The first is from APA's web site; the second is from Purdue OWL's web site.
Sample APA Student Paper This document from the APA web site illustrates the 7th edition formatting of a student paper. This format is a simplified version of the professional paper format (excluding things like running heads, etc.).
Purdue OWL Sample Student Paper This sample student paper in APA 7th edition comes from PurdueOWL. It can be used to supplement the example from the APA web site, or stand on its own.
The following links provide samples of professional-paper formatting in APA's 7th edition style. The first is from APA's web site; the second is from Purdue OWL's web site. The formatting of these professional papers is a bit more involved than that of the student sample papers.
Sample APA Professional Paper This sample professional paper from the APA web site illustrates the 7th edition formatting for a paper submitted for publication to a professional journal.
Purdue OWL Sample Professional Paper This sample paper from Purdue OWL illustrates in 7th edition formatting a professional paper. It can be used to supplement the APA sample paper or it can stand alone.
Quotations and Paraphrases in APA Style (7th edition)
Quotations (APA 7th Edition) This link takes you to a page on the official APAstyle.org web site with information that includes how to cite both direct and indirect quotations (short and long), how to cite material for direct quotations that do not contain page numbers, and more.
Quotations--PurdueOWL (APA 7th edition) On this "Basics: In-Text Citations" page from PurdueOWL, scroll down to see explanations and example for quotations both short (under 40 words) and long (40+ words). In addition, it gives guidance about paraphrases/summaries and how to use in-text citations to document their original source(s).
Formatting an Annotated Bibliography in APA Style (7th edition)
Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL): Annotated Bibliographies This helpful page from PurdueOWL explains the purpose of annotated bibliographies, what they often contain, and why they're helpful.
Guidelines for Formatting Annotated Bibliographies (APA, 7th ed.) This document provides guidance for formatting annotated bibliographies, including a sample annotated bib.
Formatting a Literature Review in APA Style (7th edition)
While APA doesn't itself provide an example of how to format a literature review, it does provide some guidance in its Publication Manual * about the content of a lit review:
Literature Reviews:
provide summaries and evaluations of findings/theories in the research literature of a particular discipline or field;
may include qualitative, quantitative, or a variety of other types of research;
should define and clarify the problem being reviewed;
summarize previous research to inform readers of where research stands currently in regard to the problem;
identify relationships, contradictions, gaps, and inconsistencies in the current literature;
suggest next steps or further research needed to move toward solving the problem. (APA, 2020, Section 1.6, p. 8)
* American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association: The official guide to APA style (7th ed.). American Psychological Association.
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APA Style 7th edition
APA headings and subheadings
APA Headings and Subheadings | With Sample Paper
Published on November 7, 2020 by Raimo Streefkerk . Revised on October 24, 2022.
Headings and subheadings provide structure to a document. They signal what each section is about and allow for easy navigation of the document.
APA headings have five possible levels. Each heading level is formatted differently.
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Table of contents
Additional guidelines for apa headings, how many heading levels should you use, when to use which apa heading level, section labels vs headings, sample paper with apa headings, using heading styles in word or google docs.
As well as the heading styles, there are some other guidelines to keep in mind:
Double-space all text, including the headings.
Use the same font for headings and body text (e.g., Times New Roman 12pt.).
Don’t label headings with numbers or letters.
Don’t add extra “enters” above or below headings.
Prevent plagiarism. Run a free check.
Depending on the length and complexity of your paper, you may not use all five heading levels. In fact, shorter student papers may have no headings at all.
It’s also perfectly fine for some sections in your paper to go as deep as five levels, where others use only heading level 1.
Heading level 1 is used for main sections like “ Methods ”, “ Results ”, and “ Discussion ”. There is no “ Introduction ” heading at the beginning of your paper because the first paragraphs are understood to be introductory.
Heading level 2 is used for subsections under level 1. For example, under “Methods” (level 1) you may have subsections for “Sampling Method” and “Data Analysis” (level 2). This continues all the way down to heading level 5.
Always use at least two subheadings or none at all. If there is just one subheading, the top-level heading is sufficient.
In addition to regular headings, APA works with “section labels” for specific parts of the paper. They’re similar to headings but are formatted differently. Section labels are placed on a separate line at the top of a new page in bold and centered.
Use section labels for the following sections in an APA formatted paper :
Author note
Paper title
Reference page
Instead of formatting every heading individually, you can use the “Styles” feature in Word or Google Docs. This allows you to save the styling and apply it with just a click.
The first time you use APA Style, you need to update the default heading styles to reflect the APA heading guidelines. Click here for the instructions for Microsoft Word and Google Docs .
An added benefit of using the “Styles” feature is that you can automatically generate a table of contents .
Cite this Scribbr article
If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.
Streefkerk, R. (2022, October 24). APA Headings and Subheadings | With Sample Paper. Scribbr. Retrieved August 17, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/apa-style/apa-headings/
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Avoiding Common Math Mistakes-Expanding
Avoiding Common Math Mistakes-Trigonometry
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Complex Numbers
Decimal and Percent
Dosage Calculations
Adding and Subtracting Fractions
BEDMAS with Fractions
Multiplying and Dividing Fractions
Long Division
Long Multiplication
Order of Operations
Calculating Slope Examples
Graphs of Functions
Least Squares Trendline and Correlation
Semi-Log and Log-Log Graphs
Pythagorean Theorem
Ratio and Proportion
Rounding and Significant Figures
Scientific Notation
Square Root
Unit Conversion for the Sciences
Unit Conversion Examples
Application of Derivatives: Examples
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Higher Order Derivatives: Examples
Power Rule: Example
Product Rule: Examples
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Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
Net Change Theorem: Example
Newton's Method
Completing the Square
Simplifying Expressions
Absolute Value Equations
The Quadratic Formula
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Solving Equations: Application
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Solving Linear Inequalities
Solving Linear Systems
Word Problems
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Transformation of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Solving Exponential and Logarithmic Equations
Logarithmic Models
Composition of Functions
Domain and Range Examples
Domain and Range Exponential and Logarithmic Fuctions
Domain and Range of Trigonometric Functions
Evaluating Functions
One-to-One and Onto Functions
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Equations of Lines
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Transformations of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Transformations of Trigonometric Functions
Bar Graph and Pie Chart
Linear Regression and Correlation
Normal Distribution
Standard Deviation
Avoiding Common Math Mistakes in Trigonometry
Solving Trigonometric Equations
Trigonometry on the Unit Circle
Introduction to Trigonometric Functions
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Setting Up Trigonometric Models
Vector Magnitude, Direction, and Components
Angle Between Vectors
Vector Addition, Subtraction, and Scalar Multiplication
Vector Dot Product and Cross Product
Matrix Addition, Subtraction, and Multiplication by a Scalar
Matrix Multiplication
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How do I use my scientific calculator?
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I got the right answer, so why didn't I get full marks?
Open Educational Resources
Balancing equations
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Lewis Structures
Periodic table
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Stoichiometry
The Clausius-Clapeyron equation
Yield calculations
Assignment Planning Calculator
Grammar Resources
Misused Modifiers
Overview of future times
Overview of past tenses
Overview of present tenses
Overview of verb tenses and APA recommendations for tense usage in academic writing
Parallel Structure
Pronoun Usage
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Sentence Fragments
Sentence Structure: Prepositional Phrases
Slang and Colloquial Language
The Important Joining Words
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Pronunciation Resources
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APA 7th Edition: Formatting
APA 7th Edition: Sample Student Paper
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American Psychological Association (APA)
A sample APA 7th Edition paper can be found on Purdue OWL:
From the APA Style Blog sample student papers with annotations and without annotations are available.
The APA Style Blog also provides examples for student discussion posts, literature reviews, and quantitative studies. For examples visit the APA Style Blog page .
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eBook -The concise APA handbook
APA Sample Paper from Purdue Owl
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APA Style Resources
APA Tip Sheet - 7th edition Created specifically for students at Kent State, this tip sheet provides information on how to format in-text citations and references according to the 7th edition of APA (released October 2019).
APA LibGuide- 7th edition Created for students at Kent State, this LibGuide provides information on how to create citations in APA format using the 7th edition. Explanations are provided along with examples
APA Style Blog This resource, directly from APA, provides information on APA Style.
APA Paraphrasing Activity This is an activity from APA to help students learn how to paraphrase.
APA Instructional Materials This page contains instructional materials (handouts and links to webinars) on APA 7th edition.
Purdue OWL - APA This page is created and maintained by the Online Writing Lab at Purdue University.
APA Video Tutorials
APA 1: Introduction to APA Citation Style This tutorial provides a brief introduction to the 7th edition of APA.
APA 2: Formatting Basics This tutorial provides information on the basic formatting rules of APA 7th edition.
APA 3: Citing Books This tutorial provides information on how to cite books using APA 7th edition.
APA 4: Citing Articles This tutorial provides information on how to cite articles using APA 7th edition.
APA 5: Citing Media Sources This tutorial provides information on how to cite media sources using APA 7th edition.
APA 6: Citing Internet Sources This tutorial provides information on how to cite internet sources using APA 7th edition.
APA 7: In-Text Citations This tutorial provides information on how to write in-text citations using APA 7th edition.
APA 8: Reference List Basics This tutorial provides information on how to create a reference list using APA 7th edition.
These sample tables illustrate how to set up tables in APA Style . When possible, use a canonical, or standard, format for a table rather than inventing your own format. The use of standard formats helps readers know where to look for information.
There are many ways to make a table, and the samples shown on this page represent only some of the possibilities. The samples show the following options:
The sample factor analysis table shows how to include a copyright attribution in a table note when you have reprinted or adapted a copyrighted table from a scholarly work such as a journal article (the format of the copyright attribution will vary depending on the source of the table).
The sample regression table shows how to include confidence intervals in separate columns; it is also possible to place confidence intervals in square brackets in a single column (an example of this is provided in the Publication Manual ).
The sample qualitative table and the sample mixed methods table demonstrate how to use left alignment within the table body to improve readability when the table contains lots of text.
Use these links to go directly to the sample tables:
Sample demographic characteristics table
Sample results of several t tests table, sample correlation table, sample analysis of variance (anova) table, sample factor analysis table, sample regression table, sample qualitative table with variable descriptions, sample mixed methods table.
These sample tables are also available as a downloadable Word file (DOCX, 37KB) . For more sample tables, see the Publication Manual (7th ed.) as well as published articles in your field.
Sample tables are covered in the seventh edition APA Style manuals in the Publication Manual Section 7.21 and the Concise Guide Section 7.21
Related handout
Student Paper Setup Guide (PDF, 3MB)
Sociodemographic Characteristics of Participants at Baseline
Baseline characteristic
Guided self-help
Unguided self-help
Wait-list control
Full sample
Gender
Female
25
50
20
40
23
46
68
45
Male
25
50
30
60
27
54
82
55
Marital status
Single
13
26
11
22
17
34
41
27
Married/partnered
35
70
38
76
28
56
101
67
Divorced/widowed
1
2
1
2
4
8
6
4
Other
1
1
0
0
1
2
2
1
Children
26
52
26
52
22
44
74
49
Cohabitating
37
74
36
72
26
52
99
66
Highest educational level
Middle school
0
0
1
2
1
2
2
1
High school/some college
22
44
17
34
13
26
52
35
University or postgraduate degree
28
56
32
64
36
72
96
64
Employment
Unemployed
3
6
5
10
2
4
10
7
Student
8
16
7
14
3
6
18
12
Employed
30
60
29
58
40
80
99
66
Self-employed
9
18
7
14
5
10
21
14
Retired
0
0
2
4
0
0
2
1
Previous psychological treatment
17
34
18
36
24
48
59
39
Previous psychotropic medication
6
12
13
26
11
22
30
20
Note. N = 150 ( n = 50 for each condition). Participants were on average 39.5 years old ( SD = 10.1), and participant age did not differ by condition.
a Reflects the number and percentage of participants answering “yes” to this question.
Results of Curve-Fitting Analysis Examining the Time Course of Fixations to the Target
Logistic parameter
9-year-olds
16-year-olds
(40)
Cohen's
Maximum asymptote, proportion
.843
.135
.877
.082
0.951
.347
0.302
Crossover, in ms
759
87
694
42
2.877
.006
0.840
Slope, as change in proportion per ms
.001
.0002
.002
.0002
2.635
.012
2.078
Note. For each subject, the logistic function was fit to target fixations separately. The maximum asymptote is the asymptotic degree of looking at the end of the time course of fixations. The crossover point is the point in time the function crosses the midway point between peak and baseline. The slope represents the rate of change in the function measured at the crossover. Mean parameter values for each of the analyses are shown for the 9-year-olds ( n = 24) and 16-year-olds ( n = 18), as well as the results of t tests (assuming unequal variance) comparing the parameter estimates between the two ages.
Descriptive Statistics and Correlations for Study Variables
Variable
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1. Internal– external status
3,697
0.43
0.49
—
2. Manager job performance
2,134
3.14
0.62
−.08
—
3. Starting salary
3,697
1.01
0.27
.45
−.01
—
4. Subsequent promotion
3,697
0.33
0.47
.08
.07
.04
—
5. Organizational tenure
3,697
6.45
6.62
−.29
.09
.01
.09
—
6. Unit service performance
3,505
85.00
6.98
−.25
−.39
.24
.08
.01
—
7. Unit financial performance
694
42.61
5.86
.00
−.03
.12
−.07
−.02
.16
—
Means, Standard Deviations, and One-Way Analyses of Variance in Psychological and Social Resources and Cognitive Appraisals
Measure
Urban
Rural
(1, 294)
η
Self-esteem
2.91
0.49
3.35
0.35
68.87
.19
Social support
4.22
1.50
5.56
1.20
62.60
.17
Cognitive appraisals
Threat
2.78
0.87
1.99
0.88
56.35
.20
Challenge
2.48
0.88
2.83
1.20
7.87
.03
Self-efficacy
2.65
0.79
3.53
0.92
56.35
.16
*** p < .001.
Results From a Factor Analysis of the Parental Care and Tenderness (PCAT) Questionnaire
PCAT item
Factor loading
1
2
3
Factor 1: Tenderness—Positive
20. You make a baby laugh over and over again by making silly faces.
.04
.01
22. A child blows you kisses to say goodbye.
−.02
−.01
16. A newborn baby curls its hand around your finger.
−.06
.00
19. You watch as a toddler takes their first step and tumbles gently back down.
.05
−.07
25. You see a father tossing his giggling baby up into the air as a game.
.10
−.03
Factor 2: Liking
5. I think that kids are annoying (R)
−.01
.06
8. I can’t stand how children whine all the time (R)
−.12
−.03
2. When I hear a child crying, my first thought is “shut up!” (R)
.04
.01
11. I don’t like to be around babies. (R)
.11
−.01
14. If I could, I would hire a nanny to take care of my children. (R)
.08
−.02
Factor 3: Protection
7. I would hurt anyone who was a threat to a child.
−.13
−.02
12. I would show no mercy to someone who was a danger to a child.
.00
−.05
15. I would use any means necessary to protect a child, even if I had to hurt others.
.06
.08
4. I would feel compelled to punish anyone who tried to harm a child.
.07
.03
9. I would sooner go to bed hungry than let a child go without food.
.46
−.03
Note. N = 307. The extraction method was principal axis factoring with an oblique (Promax with Kaiser Normalization) rotation. Factor loadings above .30 are in bold. Reverse-scored items are denoted with an (R). Adapted from “Individual Differences in Activation of the Parental Care Motivational System: Assessment, Prediction, and Implications,” by E. E. Buckels, A. T. Beall, M. K. Hofer, E. Y. Lin, Z. Zhou, and M. Schaller, 2015, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 108 (3), p. 501 ( https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000023 ). Copyright 2015 by the American Psychological Association.
Moderator Analysis: Types of Measurement and Study Year
Effect
Estimate
95% CI
Fixed effects
Intercept
.119
.040
.041
.198
.003
Creativity measurement
.097
.028
.042
.153
.001
Academic achievement measurement
−.039
.018
−.074
−.004
.03
Study year
.0002
.001
−.001
.002
.76
Goal
−.003
.029
−.060
.054
.91
Published
.054
.030
−.005
.114
.07
Random effects
Within-study variance
.009
.001
.008
.011
<.001
Between-study variance
.018
.003
.012
.023
<.001
Note . Number of studies = 120, number of effects = 782, total N = 52,578. CI = confidence interval; LL = lower limit; UL = upper limit.
Master Narrative Voices: Struggle and Success and Emancipation
Discourse and dimension
Example quote
Struggle and success
Self-actualization as member of a larger gay community is the end goal of healthy sexual identity development, or “coming out”
“My path of gayness ... going from denial to saying, well this is it, and then the process of coming out, and the process of just sort of, looking around and seeing, well where do I stand in the world, and sort of having, uh, political feelings.” (Carl, age 50)
Maintaining healthy sexual identity entails vigilance against internalization of societal discrimination
“When I'm like thinking of criticisms of more mainstream gay culture, I try to ... make sure it's coming from an appropriate place and not like a place of self-loathing.” (Patrick, age 20)
Emancipation
Open exploration of an individually fluid sexual self is the goal of healthy sexual identity development
“[For heterosexuals] the man penetrates the female, whereas with gay people, I feel like there is this potential for really playing around with that model a lot, you know, and just experimenting and exploring.” (Orion, age 31)
Questioning discrete, monolithic categories of sexual identity
“LGBTQI, you know, and added on so many letters. Um, and it does start to raise the question about what the terms mean and whether ... any term can adequately be descriptive.” (Bill, age 50)
Integrated Results Matrix for the Effect of Topic Familiarity on Reliance on Author Expertise
Quantitative results
Qualitative results
Example quote
When the topic was more familiar (climate change) and cards were more relevant, participants placed less value on author expertise.
When an assertion was considered to be more familiar and considered to be general knowledge, participants perceived less need to rely on author expertise.
Participant 144: “I feel that I know more about climate and there are several things on the climate cards that are obvious, and that if I sort of know it already, then the source is not so critical ... whereas with nuclear energy, I don't know so much so then I'm maybe more interested in who says what.”
When the topic was less familiar (nuclear power) and cards were more relevant, participants placed more value on authors with higher expertise.
When an assertion was considered to be less familiar and not general knowledge, participants perceived more need to rely on author expertise.
Participant 3: “[Nuclear power], which I know much, much less about, I would back up my arguments more with what I trust from the professors.”
Note . We integrated quantitative data (whether students selected a card about nuclear power or about climate change) and qualitative data (interviews with students) to provide a more comprehensive description of students’ card selections between the two topics.
APA 7th Edition Sample Student Thesis Paper Template, Graduate School
50 Smart Literature Review Templates (APA) ᐅ TemplateLab
APA Literature Review
APA Publication Manual 7th Edition Highlights
COMMENTS
Sample papers
These sample papers demonstrate APA Style formatting standards for different student paper types. Students may write the same types of papers as professional authors (e.g., quantitative studies, literature reviews) or other types of papers for course assignments (e.g., reaction or response papers, discussion posts), dissertations, and theses.
Writing a Literature Review
Writing a Literature Review. A literature review is a document or section of a document that collects key sources on a topic and discusses those sources in conversation with each other (also called synthesis ). The lit review is an important genre in many disciplines, not just literature (i.e., the study of works of literature such as novels ...
Literature Review
APA Style Citation Guide 7th Edition; Literature Review; Search this Guide Search. APA Style Citation Guide 7th Edition ... Sample Paper ; Title Page ; APA 7th Style Chart ; Abbreviations ; Bias Free Language ; Capitalization ... Key takeaways from the Psi Chi webinar So You Need to Write a Literature Review via APA Style.org. Examples of ...
PDF APA 7 Student Sample Paper
papers (a change from APA 6). Page numbers begin on the first page and follow on every subsequent page without interruption. No other information (e.g., authors' last names) is required. Note: your instructor may ask for a running head or your last name before the page number. You can look at the APA professional sample paper for guidelines on ...
APA Sample Paper
Media Files: APA Sample Student Paper , APA Sample Professional Paper This resource is enhanced by Acrobat PDF files. Download the free Acrobat Reader. Note: The APA Publication Manual, 7 th Edition specifies different formatting conventions for student and professional papers (i.e., papers written for credit in a course and papers intended for scholarly publication).
How to Write a Literature Review
Examples of literature reviews. Step 1 - Search for relevant literature. Step 2 - Evaluate and select sources. Step 3 - Identify themes, debates, and gaps. Step 4 - Outline your literature review's structure. Step 5 - Write your literature review.
PDF APA 7th ed. (Student version) Sample Paper (Final)
APA Citation Style: A Sample. Student's Name. Department's name, University of Hawai'i - West O'ahu. PSY 250: Social Psychology. Instructor's name. October 23, 2020. The due date for the assignment should be here. The title should be centered, bolded, and 3-4 lines below the top of the page. Authors' names are written below the title ...
PDF APA Seventh Edition Sample Paper
APA Seventh Edition Sample Paper This example presents guidelines for student papers following the 2020 Publication Manual, th7 edition, of the American Psychological Association (APA). Lines are double-spaced ... (APA allows page numbers with paraphrases, though it doesn't require them. Most teachers do not allow them.) The rest of the rules ...
PDF 7th edition Common Reference Examples Guide
This guide contains examples of common types of APA Style references. Section numbers indicate where to find the examples in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). More information on references and reference examples are in Chapters 9 and 10 of the Publication Manual as well as the Concise Guide to APA ...
APA 7th Edition
IND5937: Special Topics: Literature Review; APA 7th Edition; Search this Guide Search. IND5937: Special Topics: Literature Review. ... From APA Style. Use this sample paper as a guide for headings, in-text citations, references, & more. The Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) APA Guide.
Specific Examples/Applications of APA Style, 7th edition
Sample APA-Style Papers (7th edition) The following links provide samples of student-paper formatting in APA's 7th edition style. The first is from APA's web site; the second is from Purdue OWL's web site. ... Formatting a Literature Review in APA Style (7th edition) While APA doesn't itself provide an example of how to format a literature ...
PDF Abstract and Keywords Guide, APA Style 7th Edition
Keywords Format. More information on how to write and format an abstract and keywords can be found in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.) Sections 2.9 to 2.10 and in the Concise Guide to APA Style (7th ed.) Section 1.10. SOURCE: American Psychological Association. (2020).
Writing a Literature Review in APA Format
This page is designed to assist you in writing an annotated bibliography
LibGuides: APA Style 7th Edition: Reference List and Sample Papers
APA 7th Edition Student Sample Paper. This example from Idaho State University presents guidelines for student papers following the American Psychological Association (APA) Publication Manual 7th edition. Student APA 7th Edition Sample Paper. Example of student APA 7th edition paper with notations from Antioch University Writing Center. Headings.
PDF Literature Review APA 7th Edition
Commented [A7]: A literature review includes a References page in APA format that includes a reference for every source cited in the literature review. preventing readmissions. Journal of Healthcare Financial Management, 65(12), 1-6.
APA Formatting and Citation (7th Ed.)
Throughout your paper, you need to apply the following APA format guidelines: Set page margins to 1 inch on all sides. Double-space all text, including headings. Indent the first line of every paragraph 0.5 inches. Use an accessible font (e.g., Times New Roman 12pt., Arial 11pt., or Georgia 11pt.).
Literature Review: Conducting & Writing
Steps for Conducting a Lit Review; Finding "The Literature" Organizing/Writing; APA Style This link opens in a new window; Chicago: Notes Bibliography This link opens in a new window; MLA Style This link opens in a new window; Sample Literature Reviews. Sample Lit Reviews from Communication Arts; Have an exemplary literature review? Get Help!
PDF APA Style7th Edition APSU Writing Center
APA Style 7th Edition - Abstract. APA Headings APA Style holds 5 heading levels to format the sections of a paper. These help guide readers ... Literature Review (other researchers' work) Past → Example: Martin (2020) addressed Present Perfect → Example: Researchers have studied
LibGuides: Science Education: More about APA 7th Ed
Sample Annotated Student Paper in APA 7th ed. Style. APA 7th Edition Changes Cheat Sheet. Bias-free language. ... 10.4 Reports and Gray Literature. 10.5 Conference Sessions and Presentations. 10.6 Dissertations and Theses. 10.7 Reviews. 10.8 Unpublished Works and Informally Published Works.
APA Style
The authority on APA Style and the 7th edition of the APA Publication Manual. Find tutorials, the APA Style Blog, how to format papers in APA Style, and other resources to help you improve your writing, master APA Style, and learn the conventions of scholarly publishing.
LibGuides: Research Strategies: APA 7th Citation Style
APA Style Guides, 7th edition. American Psychological Association Publication Manual 7th Edition. Call Number: BF76.7 .P83 2020. ISBN: 9781433832154. Publication Date: 2020. Style Guide, citing in APA 7th edition. This guide includes citation examples for a variety of sources, information on in-text citations, and a sample reference list.
APA Formatting and Style Guide (7th Edition)
Basic guidelines for formatting the reference list at the end of a standard APA research paper Author/Authors Rules for handling works by a single author or multiple authors that apply to all APA-style references in your reference list, regardless of the type of work (book, article, electronic resource, etc.)
Specific Examples/Applications of APA Style, 7th edition
This sample student paper in APA 7th edition comes from PurdueOWL. It can be used to supplement the example from the APA web site, or stand on its own. ... Formatting a Literature Review in APA Style (7th edition) While APA doesn't itself provide an example of how to format a literature review, ...
APA Headings and Subheadings
This article reflects the APA 7th edition guidelines. Click here for APA 6th edition guidelines. Headings and subheadings provide structure to a document. They signal what each section is about and allow for easy navigation of the document. APA headings have five possible levels. Each heading level is formatted differently.
APA 7th Edition: Sample Student Paper
A sample APA 7th Edition paper can be found on Purdue OWL: This is an embedded Microsoft Office PDF, powered by Office. From the APA Style Blog sample student papers with annotations and without annotations are available. The APA Style Blog also provides examples for student discussion posts, literature reviews, and quantitative studies.
APA: Citation & Formatting
APA Sample Paper from Purdue Owl. APA Sample Paper (Purdue OWL) APA Style Resources . APA Tip Sheet - 7th edition. ... this tip sheet provides information on how to format in-text citations and references according to the 7th edition of APA (released October 2019). APA LibGuide- 7th edition.
PDF 7th Edition Discussion Phrases Guide
Papers usually end with a concluding section, often called the "Discussion.". The Discussion is your opportunity to evaluate and interpret the results of your study or paper, draw inferences and conclusions from it, and communicate its contributions to science and/or society. Use the present tense when writing the Discussion section.
APA 7th Edition Literature Review Format
​. Abstract. The Abstract in an APA 7th edition literature review is a concise summary that provides a brief overview of the main points, methodology, and findings of the review. This crucial section helps readers quickly grasp the key elements without delving into the full document. Here are the key components.
Sample tables
These sample tables illustrate how to set up tables in APA Style. When possible, use a canonical, or standard, format for a table rather than inventing your own format. ... (7th ed.) as well as published articles in your ... Sample tables are covered in the seventh edition APA Style manuals in the Publication Manual Section 7.21 and the Concise ...
IMAGES
COMMENTS
These sample papers demonstrate APA Style formatting standards for different student paper types. Students may write the same types of papers as professional authors (e.g., quantitative studies, literature reviews) or other types of papers for course assignments (e.g., reaction or response papers, discussion posts), dissertations, and theses.
Writing a Literature Review. A literature review is a document or section of a document that collects key sources on a topic and discusses those sources in conversation with each other (also called synthesis ). The lit review is an important genre in many disciplines, not just literature (i.e., the study of works of literature such as novels ...
APA Style Citation Guide 7th Edition; Literature Review; Search this Guide Search. APA Style Citation Guide 7th Edition ... Sample Paper ; Title Page ; APA 7th Style Chart ; Abbreviations ; Bias Free Language ; Capitalization ... Key takeaways from the Psi Chi webinar So You Need to Write a Literature Review via APA Style.org. Examples of ...
papers (a change from APA 6). Page numbers begin on the first page and follow on every subsequent page without interruption. No other information (e.g., authors' last names) is required. Note: your instructor may ask for a running head or your last name before the page number. You can look at the APA professional sample paper for guidelines on ...
Media Files: APA Sample Student Paper , APA Sample Professional Paper This resource is enhanced by Acrobat PDF files. Download the free Acrobat Reader. Note: The APA Publication Manual, 7 th Edition specifies different formatting conventions for student and professional papers (i.e., papers written for credit in a course and papers intended for scholarly publication).
Examples of literature reviews. Step 1 - Search for relevant literature. Step 2 - Evaluate and select sources. Step 3 - Identify themes, debates, and gaps. Step 4 - Outline your literature review's structure. Step 5 - Write your literature review.
APA Citation Style: A Sample. Student's Name. Department's name, University of Hawai'i - West O'ahu. PSY 250: Social Psychology. Instructor's name. October 23, 2020. The due date for the assignment should be here. The title should be centered, bolded, and 3-4 lines below the top of the page. Authors' names are written below the title ...
APA Seventh Edition Sample Paper This example presents guidelines for student papers following the 2020 Publication Manual, th7 edition, of the American Psychological Association (APA). Lines are double-spaced ... (APA allows page numbers with paraphrases, though it doesn't require them. Most teachers do not allow them.) The rest of the rules ...
This guide contains examples of common types of APA Style references. Section numbers indicate where to find the examples in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). More information on references and reference examples are in Chapters 9 and 10 of the Publication Manual as well as the Concise Guide to APA ...
IND5937: Special Topics: Literature Review; APA 7th Edition; Search this Guide Search. IND5937: Special Topics: Literature Review. ... From APA Style. Use this sample paper as a guide for headings, in-text citations, references, & more. The Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) APA Guide.
Sample APA-Style Papers (7th edition) The following links provide samples of student-paper formatting in APA's 7th edition style. The first is from APA's web site; the second is from Purdue OWL's web site. ... Formatting a Literature Review in APA Style (7th edition) While APA doesn't itself provide an example of how to format a literature ...
Keywords Format. More information on how to write and format an abstract and keywords can be found in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.) Sections 2.9 to 2.10 and in the Concise Guide to APA Style (7th ed.) Section 1.10. SOURCE: American Psychological Association. (2020).
This page is designed to assist you in writing an annotated bibliography
APA 7th Edition Student Sample Paper. This example from Idaho State University presents guidelines for student papers following the American Psychological Association (APA) Publication Manual 7th edition. Student APA 7th Edition Sample Paper. Example of student APA 7th edition paper with notations from Antioch University Writing Center. Headings.
Commented [A7]: A literature review includes a References page in APA format that includes a reference for every source cited in the literature review. preventing readmissions. Journal of Healthcare Financial Management, 65(12), 1-6.
Throughout your paper, you need to apply the following APA format guidelines: Set page margins to 1 inch on all sides. Double-space all text, including headings. Indent the first line of every paragraph 0.5 inches. Use an accessible font (e.g., Times New Roman 12pt., Arial 11pt., or Georgia 11pt.).
Steps for Conducting a Lit Review; Finding "The Literature" Organizing/Writing; APA Style This link opens in a new window; Chicago: Notes Bibliography This link opens in a new window; MLA Style This link opens in a new window; Sample Literature Reviews. Sample Lit Reviews from Communication Arts; Have an exemplary literature review? Get Help!
APA Style 7th Edition - Abstract. APA Headings APA Style holds 5 heading levels to format the sections of a paper. These help guide readers ... Literature Review (other researchers' work) Past → Example: Martin (2020) addressed Present Perfect → Example: Researchers have studied
Sample Annotated Student Paper in APA 7th ed. Style. APA 7th Edition Changes Cheat Sheet. Bias-free language. ... 10.4 Reports and Gray Literature. 10.5 Conference Sessions and Presentations. 10.6 Dissertations and Theses. 10.7 Reviews. 10.8 Unpublished Works and Informally Published Works.
The authority on APA Style and the 7th edition of the APA Publication Manual. Find tutorials, the APA Style Blog, how to format papers in APA Style, and other resources to help you improve your writing, master APA Style, and learn the conventions of scholarly publishing.
APA Style Guides, 7th edition. American Psychological Association Publication Manual 7th Edition. Call Number: BF76.7 .P83 2020. ISBN: 9781433832154. Publication Date: 2020. Style Guide, citing in APA 7th edition. This guide includes citation examples for a variety of sources, information on in-text citations, and a sample reference list.
Basic guidelines for formatting the reference list at the end of a standard APA research paper Author/Authors Rules for handling works by a single author or multiple authors that apply to all APA-style references in your reference list, regardless of the type of work (book, article, electronic resource, etc.)
This sample student paper in APA 7th edition comes from PurdueOWL. It can be used to supplement the example from the APA web site, or stand on its own. ... Formatting a Literature Review in APA Style (7th edition) While APA doesn't itself provide an example of how to format a literature review, ...
This article reflects the APA 7th edition guidelines. Click here for APA 6th edition guidelines. Headings and subheadings provide structure to a document. They signal what each section is about and allow for easy navigation of the document. APA headings have five possible levels. Each heading level is formatted differently.
A sample APA 7th Edition paper can be found on Purdue OWL: This is an embedded Microsoft Office PDF, powered by Office. From the APA Style Blog sample student papers with annotations and without annotations are available. The APA Style Blog also provides examples for student discussion posts, literature reviews, and quantitative studies.
APA Sample Paper from Purdue Owl. APA Sample Paper (Purdue OWL) APA Style Resources . APA Tip Sheet - 7th edition. ... this tip sheet provides information on how to format in-text citations and references according to the 7th edition of APA (released October 2019). APA LibGuide- 7th edition.
Papers usually end with a concluding section, often called the "Discussion.". The Discussion is your opportunity to evaluate and interpret the results of your study or paper, draw inferences and conclusions from it, and communicate its contributions to science and/or society. Use the present tense when writing the Discussion section.
​. Abstract. The Abstract in an APA 7th edition literature review is a concise summary that provides a brief overview of the main points, methodology, and findings of the review. This crucial section helps readers quickly grasp the key elements without delving into the full document. Here are the key components.
These sample tables illustrate how to set up tables in APA Style. When possible, use a canonical, or standard, format for a table rather than inventing your own format. ... (7th ed.) as well as published articles in your ... Sample tables are covered in the seventh edition APA Style manuals in the Publication Manual Section 7.21 and the Concise ...