materi problem solving and decision making ppt

Problem Solving and Decision Making

Jul 20, 2014

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Problem Solving and Decision Making. Presented by Dianne Orfanos District Organizational Development 11/9/2010. Objectives. Determine personal decision making style Identify problem solving processes Identify problem solving tools Practice 1-2 decision-making tools.

• greatest frustration
• identify problem
• mother nature manpower measurements
• root cause analysis rca

Presentation Transcript

Problem Solving and Decision Making Presented by Dianne Orfanos District Organizational Development 11/9/2010

Objectives • Determine personal decision making style • Identify problem solving processes • Identify problem solving tools • Practice 1-2 decision-making tools

So you’ve got a problem? That’s Good! Why? Because repeated victories over your problems are the rungs on your ladder to success. With each victory you grow in wisdom, stature and experience. You become a bigger, better, more successful person each time you mend a problem and tackle and conquer it with a positive mental attitude. W. Clement Stone

Problem Solving and Decision Making Used interchangeably

Determine personal decision making style/tendencies • I’m Always Right • Show Me a Risk and I’ll Take It • Lone Ranger • I Can “Feel” It • Fence Sitter • The Doomster • Don’t Worry Be Happy • Details, Details, Details

Problem Solving is a Process Problem solving is a process that can be broken down into steps Different Approaches: • Plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA) • Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA) • Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control (DMAIC) • Others...

Problem Solving is a Process • Problem solving is a process that can be broken down into 4 steps: • Understand the current situation • Identify the root cause of the problem • Develop an action plan • Execute plan, making changes as needed Problem Solving 101 Ken Watanabe

Problem Solving Process

Understand the current situation What process or service needs to be improved? What is the gap between what we have and what is needed or wanted? • Who are the people involved: internal and external customers • What aspects of the work are causing the greatest frustration? • What is required? • What is happening now? • What’s keeping us from meeting our expectations

Balance Your Personal Decision Making Style • Communicate • Communicate • Communicate

Root Cause Analysis(RCA) -Analyzing the initial cause of an outcome or result • 5 Whys • Fishbone Diagram • Pareto Analysis

5 Why’s • Pros • Cons

Cause & Effect Diagram (Fishbone & Ishikawa Diagram) • 6 Categories • Ideas – come from Brainstorming • If more than one effect – create another diagram for another effect Effect

Categories Effect Make up own categories People Process Policy Plant Program Product Materials Methods Machines Mother Nature Manpower Measurement

Categories Machines Methods Materials Car broke down Accidently drank decaf coffee Forgot to turn on alarm Late for Work Rain caused slowdowns Boss gave wrong start time Door not unlocked Alarm Clock Time Incorrect Mother Nature Manpower Measurements

Categories Machines Methods Materials Late for work Mother Nature Manpower Measurements • In the office • Peoples • Process • Policy • Plant • Program • Product

Pareto • 80%- 20%

Mind Map -Thinking tool that reflects externally what goes on inside your head. • Straight forward and fun • Start with word in center on blank page • Branches to central image • Lines are curved branches, organic and free flowing – nature is curved • One word for each branch – free association is possible • Ex – Dianne on one line; Orfanos on another line. Length of work is length of branch • Use color, the brain likes color, • Use images Tony Buzan – Maximize the Power of Your Brain

Examples of Mindmaps • Start in center on landscape page • Use an image or a picture for your central ideas • Use colors throughout • Connect your main branches to sub-branches • Make branches curve and flow • Use one word per line, same length of word • Use images throughout

Develop an action plan

Execute plan, making changes as needed

Work with personal decision making style/tendencies – Do not work in isolation • I’m Always Right • Show Me a Risk and I’ll Take It • Lone Ranger • I Can “Feel” It • Fence Sitter • The Doomster • Don’t Worry Be Happy • Details, Details, Details

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Problem Solving And Decision Making - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Problem Solving And Decision Making

Problem solving and decision making chapter 8 definition problem solving refers to active efforts to discover what must be done to achieve a goal that is not readily ... – powerpoint ppt presentation.

• Problem solving refers to active efforts to discover what must be done to achieve a goal that is not readily attainable.
• Problems of Inducing Structure
• Problems of Arrangement
• Problems of Transformation
• Trial Error
• Forming Subgoals (Tower of Hanoi)
• Working Backwards (Water Lilies)
• Using Analogies (Tumor)
• Reenvisioning the Problem
• Irrelevant (Distracting) Information
• Functional Fixedness (Screw Driver)
• Unnecessary Constraints
• Two types of decisions
• Making choices (selecting among alternatives)
• Taking chances (deciding amidst uncertainty)
• Subtractive (Elimination of Aspects)
• Risky Decisions (Tversky Kahneman)
• Factors Influencing Risky Decisions
• Using Probabilities
• Expected Value
• Subjective Utility
• Factors that Affect Probability Estimates
• Availability
• Representativeness
• Ignoring Base Rates
• The Conjunction Fallacy
• Alternative Outcomes Effect
• Framing the Question
• Classic View
• Prone to errors mistakes
• Mentally limited
• Evolutionary View
• Specialized cognition is adaptive
• Fast and Frugal heuristics work
• Group Polarization
• Groupthink- syndrome of bad decision-making

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